CH3: ENGINEERING ETHICS Sources

Moral and professionalism, What is Engineering Ethics Ethical theories, problems and the solving theories techniques Responsibilities of engineers. obligations to employer and society. Professional Engineering Codes of Ethics (BEM, IEM, IEEE) Textbook: Contents

CH3: Sources with the objective to regulate and guide people Religion Law Regulations g Rules Procedures Guidelines

CH3: Sources with the objective to regulate and guide people (Cont) Standard (MS, BG, ISO, ASTM, IEC) Standard operating/Engineering Procedure Good Mgmt/Engr/Manu Practices Moral l M l values Ethics Code of Ethics

CH3: What is morals ?

Center on rules of right conduct for individuals Refer to generally accepted standards of right and wrong in a g g society

CH3: What is ethics ?

Center on system of moral principles and rules of conduct f b h i of d l f d for behavior f groups (engineering professional) For instance, a set of standards and rules of conduct (BEM Code of ( Ethics)

CH3: What are ethical cases ?

Issues of practice, conduct and p safety of publics g g y E.g: gift, bribery, fairness, honesty in approaching research p problems, honesty in reporting y p g research, COI (conflict of interests), and CBT (criminal ) ( breach of trust)

CH3: What is engineering ethics ?

The rules of conduct and standards governing conduct and practice involving professional in engineering

CH3: Ethical A thorit Authority

Sacred S i S d Scriptures Religious people Great Leaders Law of the Land Code of Ethics Customs and accepted practice Ones own conscience

CH3: Personal Ethics vs. Engineering Ethics

Personal ethics: Deal with how we treat others in our daily life Engineering ethics: It is more on organizational requirement rather than personal. personal Relationships of a two parties. parties BEM and registered engineers in Malaysia

CH3: Why Study Engineering Ethics

To gain sense of professional g p responsibility To better serve society To gain awareness and learn from past engineering failure

CH3: Wh S d Engineering CH3 Why Study E i i Ethics

To learn techniques for analyzing and resolving ethical problems g p To foster moral autonomy of future moral autonomy engineers.

CH3: Engineering is managing the unknown

To engineer is to create new devices To T engineer is to design an improved devices i i d i i dd i No one is absolutely certain of its safety to the user The test, probability prediction and limited time and test resources are the determining factors Ability to f y foresee the possible consequences of his p q design is a must to engineers.

CH3: Ethics and Law

The practice of engineer is governed by laws and regulations at the i l i h international, f d l state and l l i l federal, d local levels. These laws are based on ethical principles: Clear distinction: Legal and ethical. Legal but unethical g Illegal but ethical No legal guidance and conflict of ethics

CH3: Ethical Problems and Engineering Design Problem

Essentially ethical theories (ETH) and d i E i ll hi l h i d design specifications (ENG) correlates - Criteria for performance, aesthetics and price. - Many corrects solutions to choose from y - Safety of the design to the public is essential and paramount.

CH3: RESPONSIBILITIES OF ENGINEERS

a. Or niz ti n (Customers, Employees, Organization (C t m r Empl Shareholders etc) - Or iz ti l objectives, profit and l Organizational bj ti pr fit d loss and safety b. b Profession - Codes of Ethics c. Societ c Society - Protect the safety and well-being of public welld. d Environment - Protect the environment and its safety

CH3: Code of Ethics (Codes of Conduct) f C d t) What is it?

- It is a framework for ethical judgment for a professional - It is not a completely comprehensive guides but can serve a purpose for a professional to handle ethical situations he or she is likely to encounter in a coherent, comprehensive and accessible manner - The commitment to ethical conduct shared by members of a profession.

CH3: Code f Ethics (C d CH3 C d of Ethi (Codes of Conduct) What is in it?

right, duties, and obligations of the members of the profession
- It spells out the

CH3: Code of Ethics (Codes of Conduct) f C d t) In addition

The code is a guidelines that - Provide guidance and help professionals aware of the ethical contents of their work - Raise professional consciousness in an organization - Stimulate ethical behavior and on moral obligations - Give moral, legal support to professionals

CH3: Code of Ethics

REGISTRATION OF ENGINEER REGULATIONS 1990 (Part IV - Code of Professional Conduct) 10 items (Sections 23 to 33) IEM Code Of Ethics - 8 items IEEE Code of Ethics 10 items

REGISTRATION OF ENGINEER REGULATIONS 1990 (Part IV - Code of Professional Conduct)

23. Every Registered Engineer shall at all times uphold the dignity, high standing and reputation of his profession. 24. A Registered Engineer in his responsibility to his employer, client or the profession shall have full regard to the public interest. 25. (1) A Registered Engineer shall discharge his duties to his employer or client as the case may be with complete fidelity fidelity. (2) Except with the permission of his employer, a Registered Engineer shall not accept any remuneration for services rendered other than from his employer. 26. A registered Engineer shall not maliciously injure or attempt to maliciously injure whether directly or indirectly, the professional reputation, prospects or business of another Registered Engineer. 27. A registered Engineer shall not; (a) canvass or solicit professional employment (b)offer to make by way of commission or any other payment for the introduction of his professional employment; or (c) ( ) except as permitted by th B d advertise i any manner or f t itt d b the Board, d ti in form i in connection with his profession.

28. A Professional Engineer in private practice shall not practice engineering with any person whose registration has been cancelled. 29. A Professional Engineer in private practice shall not be a medium of payment made on his clients behalf unless he is so requested by his client nor shall he, in connection with work on which he is employed, place contracts or orders except with the authority of and on behalf of his client client. 30. A Professional Engineer in private practice shall not without the approval of the Board enter into professional partnership with any person other than a Professional Engineer in private practice, a Registered Architect, a Registered Quantity Surveyor or a Licensed L d S Q tit S Li d Land Surveyor. 31. A Professional Engineer in private practice shall not directly or indirectlyindirectlya. supplant or attempt to supplant another Professional Engineer in private p practice; ; b. intervene or attempt to intervene in or in connection with engineering work of any kind which to his knowledge has already been entrusted to another Professional Engineer in private practice; or c. c take over any work of that other Professional Engineer in private practice acting for the same client unless he hashasi. obtained the consent of that other Engineer; or ii. been formally notified by the client that the service of that other y y Engineer have been terminated in accordance with the provisions of any contract entered into between that other Engineer and the client.

32. 32 (1) Except with the prior approval of the board a Professional board, Engineer in private practice shall not be a director or executive of or substantial shareholder in or agent for any contracting or manufacturing company or firm or business related to building g p y g or engineering. (2) If such approval is given, such Professional Engineer shall not undertake any contract work wherein he is engaged as a consulting engineer in such project unless it is in respect of a design and build project. 33. E 33 Every Registered Engineer while acting i hi professional capacity R i t dE i hil ti in his f i l it shall disclose in writing to his client of the fact if he is a director or member of a substantial shareholder in or agent for any contracting or manufacturing company or firm or business or has any financial interest in any such company or firm or business, with which he deals on behalf of his client.

IEM Code Of Ethics

1. members shall at all times place their responsibility for the welfare, health and 1 welfare safety of the community before their responsibility to sectional private interests, or to other members 2. members shall act in order to merit the trust of the community and membership in the honour integrity and dignity of the members and the profession honour, 3. members shall offer services, or advise on or undertake engineering assignments, only in areas of their competence and shall practice in a careful and diligent manner 4. members shall act with fairness, honesty and in good faith towards all in the 4 fairness community including clients, employers and colleagues 5. members shall apply their skill knowledge in the interest employer or client for whom they shall act as faithful agents or advisers, without compromising the welfare, health and the safety of the community welfare 6. members shall take all responsible steps to inform themselves, their clients and employers and the community of the social and environmental consequences of the actions and projects in which they are involved 7. members shall express opinions, make statements or give evidence with 7 opinions fairness and honesty and on the basis of adequate knowledge 8. members shall continue to develop relevant knowledge, skill and expertise throughout their careers and shall actively assist and encourage those under their direction to do likewise and members shall not assist induce or be likewise, assist, involved in a breach of these tenets and shall support those who seek to uphold them

IEEE Code of Ethics

We, the members of IEEE, in recognition of the importance of our technologies affecting the quality of life throughout the world, and in accepting a personal obligation to our profession, its members and the communities we serve, do hereby commit our selves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and agree: 1. To accept responsibility in making Engineering decisions consistent with the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment. 2. to avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to disclose them to effected parties when they do exist; 3. to be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data; 4. to reject bribery in all its forms; 5. to improve the understanding of technology, its appropriate application, and potential consequences; 6. to maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent limitations; 7. to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others; f 8. to treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race, religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin; 9. to avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious action; i 10. to assists colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and to cosupport them in following this code of ethics.

CH3: Text Engineering Ethics by g g y Fleddermann: C Fl dd Contents

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION & The Space Shuttle Challenger Accident Presents role of the engineer when safety issues are concern. CHAPTER 2 PROFESSIONALISM AND CODE OF ETHICS Criteria to determine professional and non-professional nonjob. job Code of ethics CHAPTER 3 UNDERSTANDING ETHICAL PROBLEMS Ethical theories: Utilitarianism, Duty ethics, Rights ethics and Virtue ethics

CH3: Text Engineering Ethics by Fleddermann: Contents (Cont)

Ethical issues (factual, conceptual and moral) (factual Ethical problem solving techniques: Line Drawing and Flow Charting.

CHAPTER 4 ETHICAL PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES

CH3: Text Engineering Ethics by Fleddermann: Contents (Cont) CHAPTER 5 - RISK, SAFETY AND ACCIDENTS
Criteria to ensure a safe design: (1) Minimum requirement a design must comply with the applicable law, ( ) (2) Design must meet acceptable engineering practice, g p g gp , (3) Safer alternative design must be explored, (4) Engineer must foresee potential misuse of the product by the consumers, and find solution to avoid it. Types of accidents: procedural, engineered and systemic

CH3: Text Engineering Ethics by Fleddermann: Contents (Cont)

CHAPTER 6 THE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ENGINEERS T
Rights and professional responsibilities of engineers Whistle blowing

Major issues in research: Honesty in approaching or j y pp g formulating the research problem and honesty in reporting the results Pathological science

CHAPTER 7 ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION

CHAPTER 8 DOING THE RIGHT THING How to go about doing the right thing g g g g

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