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Technique Ultrasonic/Acoustic Techniques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Guided Wave Teletest Guided Wave GUL Wavemaker CHIME LORUS EMAT Verkade TOFD Fast Screening M-Skip Rapidscan Acoustic Emission Quantitative Acoustic Emission Radiographic Techniques 12 13 14 15 Lixi SCAR ThruVu Neutron Backscatter Electromagnetic/Electrical Techniques 16 17 18 19 20 SLOFEC Pulsed Eddy Current Magnetic Flux Leakage Magnetic Flux Leakage Pipescan Microwave Thermal Techniques 21 Thermography Other 22 Laser Shearography
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Skilled operator is required for data capture. Interpretation of data requires training and experience through CSWIP accredited Level 1 and 2 training programmes in accordance with EN473/ISO 9712. Direct access to 0.5m of pipe is required at the test location . The method cannot inspect through flanges Standard practice is to only inspect past one bend at a time. Best practise is to inspect into one bend and then reinspect back to the bend from the otherside. It is possible to inspect around one bend if it is not too tight like a tight elbow. This is dependent on the noise level beyond the bend. High viscosity pipe contents (for example hydrocarbons) can attenuate the signal and therefore could be difficult to inspect. Coated pipes can be difficult to inspect. Generally thicker and denser coatings are more attenuative however coating condition and bond nature are important. The best application of the technique is on above-ground long, relatively featureless, un-flanged lengths of pipe.
Inspection limitations
Access requirements
Direct access to the pipe is required to mount the collar Approximately 100mm clearance around pipes to attach ring transducers
Type of coating utilised on pipe Viscosity of pipe content will affect inspectability Pipe geometries
CSWIP Certified Training and certification to Level-1 and Level-2 on Long Range ultrasonic Testing of pipes and pipelines is provided by TWI.
RACH trials [1] provide: probability of detection (PoD) tables; reliability operating characteristics (ROC) plots, which are PoD vs PFI (probability of false indication); and plots of measured vs. actual defect size and/or depth. CRIS trials [2] extended the RACH trials.
Teletest can be procured from Plant Integrity Plant Integrity Ltd Granta Park Great Abington Cambridge CB21 6GP United Kingdom
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Tel: +44 (0)1223 893994 Fax: +44 (0)1223 893944 E-mail: pi@twi.co.uk Website: http://www.plantintegrity.com Commercial availability (service) MB Inspection: http://www.mbinspection.co.uk/ Sonomatic: http://www.vsonomatic.com Pipeline Surveys: http://www.pipelinesurveys.co.uk/ Plant Integrity : http://www.plantintegrity.com Typical Applications Transmission and distribution lines Refinery and chemical plant Offshore risers Jetty lines Tank farm link lines Power plant service pipe Storage sphere support legs Headers Deck Penetrations 15 minutes for data capture and interpretation per location on easy access pipeline with no defects. Up to 180m can be inspected in both directions per location but 30m is more typical. * Guided waves have received mixed reviews. When used in long straight lines carrying not too viscous mediums it is performing well in detecting gross corrosion. There have however been difficulties experienced in pipes with neoprene coatings and in condense plants where a lot of bends, flanges and difficult access. * Does appear to be complicated to analyse data as some customers got no indication on site if the components appeared to have passed / failed but had to wait for long periods on inspection reports * Detects reductions greater than 10% cross sectional area. * Some pipe wraps can adversly affect attenuation
Inspection Time
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Teletest equipment
The two types of wavemode utilised: Torsional (twisting of the pipe) and Longituninal (compression of the pipe Photos, figures, data
Teletest Software showing Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC) curve used for analysis.
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Probability of detection (PoD) values for bare pipe in the RACH trials [1, 16]
Reliability operating characteristic plot for bare pipe in the RACH trials [1, p. 20]:
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