2011 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies

A CPW Fed Complementing C-Shaped Patch Antenna for Broadband Communication

R.Suryanarayana,Una Chandra Sekhar,Ashutosh mohanty, Asit K.Panda

National Institute of Science and Technology Berhampur, India panda.asit@gmail.com
Abstract In this paper, a planar complementing C-shape patch antenna is presented. The optimal design of this antenna offers broadband operation with reasonable radiation pattern. The antenna is modeled as parallel RLC circuit. This compact antenna is realized by employing Duality concept. The antenna achieves -32 dB return loss bandwidth over 2.4 GHz to 4.22 GHz with the resonant frequency at 3.5 GHz, which covers WiMAX and WLAN applications. The CST Microwave studio is employed for designing the antenna. The antenna is fed by a 50-ohm coplanar waveguide (CPW) to make the structure purely planar. The major parameters that influence the performance of the antenna are investigated. Keywords- Self-Complementing antennas, CPW, Broadband planar Antennas, WiMAX, WLAN

Rabindra K.Mishra
Berhampur University Berhampur, India r.k.mishra@ieee.org

I.

INTRODUCTION

Small and compact antennas with broad bandwidth are in high demand in many wireless applications [1-3]. To achieve miniaturized antennas, Self-complementary concepts are employed. Apart from compact size, these selfcomplementary antennas [4-5] have illustrated their promising prospects with broadband characteristics. The self-complementary antenna (SCA), firstly proposed by Mushiake [6-7], has claimed a broad impedance bandwidth. If the antenna is its own complement, frequencyindependent impedance behavior can be achieved. This is the self complementary property, in which the antenna and its complement are identical. Here, we have proposed a novel approach to design a complementing C-shaped structure for a direct 50 feeding. Electric Circuits are of three types 1D (e.g. transmission line), 2D (e.g. microstrip line) and 3D (e.g. waveguides). The patch and the ground are placed in the same plane (coplanar) which makes the design purely planar structure. In particular, a great interest in coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed antennas has been seen in the literature because of their many attractive features such as, simplest structure of a single metallic layer, no soldering point and easy integration with active devices or MMICs[8]. This paper presents our study on a compact printed complementing C-shaped patch antenna fed by a coplanar
978-0-7695-4437-3/11 $26.00 2011 IEEE DOI 10.1109/CSNT.2011.53 216

waveguide (CPW)-like matching section. Based on the concept of duality, complementary structure is proposed. In general, duality concept states that the inductance of the patch and capacitance of the slot nullifies each other. In the same way, the capacitance of the patch and the inductance of the slot also nullify each other, creating a purely resistive circuit. The antenna exhibits a physical size of 36 mm56 mm and features a -32 dB impedance bandwidth of 1.82 GHz spanning from 2.4 GHz to 4.22 GHz. From the return loss plot it is seen that antenna achieved the IEEE Bluetooth/WLAN (2.4-2.484 GHz) and WiMAX (3.4-3.69 GHz) frequency bands. Critical parameters that affect the performance of the antenna are investigated to gain an insight into antenna operation. The optimal design of this type of antenna can yield a broadband impedance bandwidth with reasonable radiation properties. The design procedure of the proposed antenna is depicted in Fig.1. As the starting point, a rectangular patch is designed as shown in Fig. 1(a). Next, a Complementing Cshaped patch is adjoined at the corners of the rectangular patch as shown in Fig. 1(b). Next, the slot counterpart of the complementing C-shaped patch is printed on the substrate as shown in Fig. 1(c). Finally, the patch antenna is fed by a 50 CPW feeding so as to make the structure simple single metallic layer.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 1. The Design procedure of CPW Fed C-shaped complementing patch antenna

II.

ANTENNA CONFIGURATION

The proposed broadband antenna prototype is illustrated in Fig. 2. Using the patch antenna design equations a single basic rectangular patch microstrip antenna operating at

frequency 4 GHz is designed. Then a complementing Cshaped Patch resonating at a frequency 3.3GHz and its magnetic compliment are printed on the same side of the dielectric substrate. The structural design and simulation are performed using an electromagnetic solver CST Microwave Studio package which adopts the Finite Integration Technique for electromagnetic computation. The structure is designed on FR-4 substrate with thickness of the substrate = 1.6 mm. (1/16), r = 4.4 & tan () = 0.019 respectively and where the radiating element was chosen as copper clad. The structure is fed using CPW Feed .The width (Wg) of the ground plane on either side of the CPW central strip is 35.5 mm and its length (Lg) is 46.4 mm. The spacing (g) between ground plane and the central conductor as well as patch is 1.6 mm. The size of C-shaped slots & its complementing patch antenna with optimal design is as follows: W=10.2mm, L=20.4mm, W1=27.86mm, L1=36.43mm as shown in Fig.2. The combined structure of complementing C- shaped patch and the rectangular patch was found to be resonating at a frequency of 3.5 GHz.

Fig.3. Return loss vs. frequency curves of simple CPW feed and CPW Feed Complementing C-shaped patch antenna.

B. Effect of width of the Complementary C-shape patch Fig. 4 depicts the simulated return loss curves for different Complementing C-shape widths (W1=25.8, 26.8, 27.8, 28.8 and 29.9 mm) when W is fixed at 10.2 mm and L at 20.4mm, respectively. It is noticed that the resonant frequencies shift significantly for the five different W1. When W1 is narrowed, the resonant frequency increases dramatically, leading to the variations of the operating bandwidth range of the antenna. When W1 is increasing, the resonant frequency as well as S11 decreasing dramatically. The return losses in all five bands are acceptable and all bandwidths are wider.

Fig.2. Geometry of CPW Fed C-Shaped Complementing Patch Antenna.

III.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Return Loss Characteristics The proposed antenna is simulated & analyzed using CST Microwave studio (CST MWS) between the frequencies 2-5 GHz. From the return loss plot as shown in Fig.3, it is found that a simple CPW fed Microstrip patch antenna(SCMPA) has a very small bandwidth (400MHz) of 3.34GHz to 3.74GHz. But, a CPW Feed Complementing Cshape Patch Antenna has a bandwidth enhancement of 1.82GHz spanning from 2.4GHz to 4.22GHz. The slot between Complementing C-shaped structure and the rectangular patch enhances the bandwidth.

Fig.4. Return loss vs. frequency curves for different values of W1.

From the return loss plot it is seen that the optimized result for the antenna suited for IEEE Bluetooth/WLAN (2.4-2.484 GHz) and WIMAX (3.4-3.69 GHz) applications is attained at W1=27.865mm. The bandwidth of the antenna for optimal W1 is 1.82 GHz from frequency range 2.4GHz to 4.22 GHz.

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W1 25.865 26.865 27.865 28.865 29.865

TABLE I Variation of Width W1 vs. bandwidth Frequency Resonant range (GHz) 2.63 - 4.40 2.55 - 4.30 2.40 - 4.22 2.30 - 4.13 1.92 4.05 Frequency (GHz) 3.62 3.55 3.5 3.4 3.36

BW(GHz) 1.77 1.75 1.82 1.83 2.08

C. Gain vs. Frequency The simulated peak gain of the proposed antenna is plotted in Fig. 5. It is seen that a satisfactory gain level is achieved throughout the band.

(b)

(c)
Fig. 6. Simulation Current density distribution of complementing Cshape antenna at (a)2.4.GHz (b)3.5GHz and (c) 4.2GHz

Fig.5. Simulated Gain versus Frequencies

D. Current Distribution & Radiation Pattern The current density and radiation patterns are analyzed using CST Microwave Studio. With a series of simulations it is seen that the magnetic current at the central gap & the electric current on the patch region of the antenna around the gap is crucial for resonance & radiation characteristics of such antenna. Simulation current density on the surface of the antenna at 2.4 GHz, 3.5GHz and 4.2GHz is shown in Fig.6.

From the current distribution, we can conclude that the Efield and H-field are in same phase. Along the width wise, the fields are forming constructive interference, whereas along the length wise, they are getting cancelled out due to destructive interference. The simulated normalized radiation patterns at 2.4 GHz, 3.5GHz and 4.2GHz are shown in Fig. 7. It is observed that the H-plane patterns are reasonable over the entire operating bandwidth. It is noted that throughout the band, the antenna radiates nearly omni-directional which is illustrated using fig.7 IV.
CONCLUSION

(a)

A compact printed CPW feed complementing C-shape patch antenna is investigated in this paper. It is demonstrated that the proposed antenna achieved a broadband impedance bandwidth, from 2.4 GHz to 4.22 GHz. By adjoining a complementing c-shaped patch to the rectangular patch a bandwidth enhancement of the overall structure is observed. The key parameters that influence antenna performance have been analyzed to gain an insight into antenna operation. Hence a good antenna performance over the operating frequencies over the whole band is obtained.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank, CST Company, India for their support in CST EM tool. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive & helpful comments & suggestions. REFERENCES
[1] [2] VIANI, F., LIZZI, L., AZARO, R., MASSA, A. A Miniaturized UWB antenna for wireless dongle devices. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2008, vol. 7, p. 714 - 717. CHEN, Z., SEE, T. Small UWB antennas for wireless USB dongle attached to laptop computer. In IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technologies: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications (IWAT 2007). Cambridge (UK), 21-23, March 2007. KLEMM, M., TROESTER, G. Textile UWB antennas for wireless body area networks. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 2006, vol. 54, no. 11, p. 3192-3197. XU, P., FUJIMOTO, K., LIN, S. Performance of quasi selfcomplementary antenna using a monopole and a slot. In 2002 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Int. Symp. San Antonio (TX, USA), June 2002. KUROKI, F., OHTA, H., YAMAGUCHI, M., SUEMATSU, E. Wallhanging type of self-complementary spiral patch antenna for indoor reception of digital terrestrial broadcasting. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., 2006, p. 194-197. MUSHIAKE, Y. Self-complementary antennas. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 1992, vol. 34, no. 6, p. 23-29. MUSHIAKE, Y. A report on Japanese development of antennas: from the Yagi-Uda antenna to self-complementary antennas. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 2004, vol. 46, no. 4, p. 47-60. Ip, K.H.Y., Kan, T.M.Y., and Eleftheriades, G.V.: A single-layer cpw-fed active patch antenna, IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett., 2000, 10, pp. 6466

[3]

(c)E- for =00 at 4.2 GHz Fig. 7. Simulated Normalized radiation patterns of complementing Cshape patch antenna for = 0 at (a) 2.4 GHz, (b) 3.5GHz (c) 4.2GHz

[4]

[5]

[6] [7] [8]

(a)E- for =900 at 2.4 GHz

(b)E- for =900 at 3.5 GHz

(a) E- for =00 at 2.4 GHz

(c)E- for =900 at 4.2 GHz Fig. 7. Simulated Normalized radiation patterns of complementing Cshape patch antenna for =900 at (a) 2.4 GHz, (b) 3.5GHz (c) 4.2GHz (b) E- for =00 at 3.5 GHz

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