NRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PS-II / MID-II QUESTIONS / III-I EEE UNIT-5 1. a)What is ferranti effect?

Prove with mathematical expression the actual

phenomenon that occurs in ferranti effect b) A 3-phase, 220 kV, 50 Hz transmission line has equilateral triangular spacing of side 1.5 m. The conductor diameter is 3.0 cm. The air density factor and irregularity factor are 0.95 and 0.8 respectively. Find the disruptive critical voltage and corona loss per km. Assume any data required. [5+5] 2. a) Explain the skin and proximity effects on transmission system b)A 132kV overhead line conductor of radius 1cm is built so that corona takes place if the line voltage is 210 kV (r.m.s). If the value of voltage gradient at which ionization occurs can be taken as 21.21 kV (r.m.s) per cm, determine the spacing between the conductors. [5+5] 3. What are the disadvantages of corona? Explain how the corona considerations affect The design of a line . And what are the factors that effects on corona. [10] 4. a)Determine the disruptive critical voltage and the visual critical voltages for local and General corona on a 3-phase overhead transmission line consisting of three stranded copper conductors spaced at 2.2 meters apart at the corners of an equilateral triangle. Air temperature and pressure are 210C and 73.5 cm of Hg respectively. Conductor diameter is 1.6 cm, irregularity factor (m0) 0.85, and surface factors (mv) 0.7 for local and general corona 0.7 and 0.8 respectively. Breakdown strength of air is 21.1 kV (r.m.s) / cm. b) ) Define disruptive critical voltage and visual critical voltage? On what factor do they depend? Write equations for calculating these voltages. [10]
UNIT-6

1.a)Define string efficiency. Why is it necessary to have high string efficiency? How can it be achieved? b) Each conductor of a 33 kV, 3-phase system is suspended by a string of 3 similar insulators. The capacitance between each insulator pin and earth is 10% of self capacitance of each insulator. Find (i) The distribution of voltage over three insulators and (ii)String efficiency [5+5] 2. a)Explain different types of insulators used in overhead (OH) line? Give their field of application. b) Each of the three insulators forming a string has a self-capacitance of C Farads. The shunting capacitance of the connecting metal work of each insulator is 0.3 C to earth and 0.1 C to the line. A guard ring increases the capacitance to the line of the metal work of the lowest insulator to 0.3 C. Calculate the string efficiency of this arrangement with the guard ring. [5+5] 3. a) Explain why the potential distribution is not, in general, uniform over the string in suspension type of insulators b) Each conductor of a 3-phase high voltage transmission line is suspended from cross arm of steel tower by a string of 4 suspension type disc insulators. If the voltage across the secondunit is 13.2 kV and that across the third unit is 18 kV. Calculate the voltage between the conductors. [3+7] 4. a) A 3-phase 66kV transmission line is carried by strings of 5 suspension insulators. The capacity of each unit insulator to the capacity relative to earth is 4:1. Calculate the potential across each unit and the string efficiency. Assume that there is no leakage. b) derive the expression for voltage distribution over the units of suspension type insulator string. [5+5]

UNIT-7

1. An overhead line consists of 7 strands of copper, having a cross sectional area of 2.0 cm2 Weight of conductor =1.4kg/m, Ultimate strength =8000kg/cm2 Wind pressure =35 kg/m2 of projected area. Calculate the vertical sag of the time for a span of 250 meters, assuming a factor of safety is 5. b) Obtain an expression for sag of a line supported by towers of equal heights at the ends & when the effect of wind & ice are considered. [7+3] 2. a)What is a stringing chart? How can be it is prepared? What is its use b) A transmission line has a span of 160 m between supports, the supports being at the same level. The conductor has a cross-sectional area of 2 cm2. The ultimate strength is 5,000 kg/cm2. The specific gravity of the material is 8.5 gm/cm3. If the coating of ice is 1.0 cm, calculate the sag at the center of the conductor if factor of safety is 4. [3+7] 3. a) What is a sag template? Explain how this is useful for the location of towers and The stringing of power conductors. b) Determine the sag of an overhead line for the following data: span length 150 meters,conductor diameter 0.9 cm, weight per unit length of the conductor 0.65 kg/meter.Ultimate stress 4250 kg/cm2, wind pressure 40 kg/cm2 of projected area and factor of safety 4. [3+7] 4. a) Obtain an expression for sag of a line supported by towers of different heights at the ends b) A transmission line has a span of 50m between level supports. The cross-sectional area of the conductor is 1.25cm2 and weighs 100 kg per 100 meters if the breaking stress is 4220 kg/cm2.Calculate the factor of safety if the sag of the line is 3.5 m.

Assume a maximum wind pressure of 10 kg/m2. [4+6]

UNIT-8

1. a) Derive the formula for insulation resistance of a cable b) The inner and outer diameters of a cable are 3 cm and 7cm. The cable is insulated with two materials having permittivity of 5 and 3 with corresponding stresses of 35kV/cm and 31kV/cm. Calculate the radial thickness of each insulating layer and the safe working voltage of the cable. [3+7] 2. a)Derive a relation between the conductor radius and inside sheath radius of a single Core cable so that the electric stress of the conductor surface may be minimum b) The capacitance of 3-core cable belted type are measured and found to be as follows: (i) Between three cores bunched together and the sheath is 7F (ii) Between the conductor and the other two connected together to the sheath is 4 F. Calculate the capacitance to neutral and the total charging kVA . [3+7] 3. a) Discuss the methods of grading cables. Why are they not used generally? b) A single core 2 km long cable has a conductor radius of 1.3cm and an insulation thickness of 3.5 mm. If the resistivity of dielectric is 7 1012 ohm-m, determine the insulation resistance of the cable. [4+6] 4. a)What do you understand by grading of cable? Explain why grading is more of Theoretical interest than practical? What is the modern practice adopted to avoid grading b)A 3-phase,66 kV, single core cable of conductor diameter 2.5 cm and lead sheath of diameter 6cm and diameters of two inter sheaths are 3cm and 5cm are introduced in-between the core and lead sheath. If the maximum stress in layers is the same.

Find the voltages on the inter sheaths.

[4+6]