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G5019 - Accounting Information for Management Planning and Control (Final Exam)
A. Prepare a production budget for the coming year based on the available standards, expected sales, and desired ending inventories.
Production Budget
Expected (minimum) num. of units to be sold Add: Closing inventory(10% of sales) Less: Beginning Inventory(23,000 - 21,500) Units to be produced 20,000 2,000 1,500 20,500
The amount of unit that must be produced is 20,000 (standard) plus 10% inventory (2,000) minus beginning inventory (1,500) B. Prepare a budgeted responsibility income statement for the Bellingham plant for the coming year.
Net income is projected based on the available standard figures, buy subtracting Gross Profit (Sales minus COGS) with Other Expenses.
G5019 - Accounting Information for Management Planning and Control (Final Exam)
C.
Find the direct labor variances. Indicate if they are favorable or unfavorable and why they would be considered as such. Labor rate variance = (Actual Rate - Standard Rate) x Actual Hours of Labor Used Variance = (($3,094,000/34,000hrs) - $90) x 34,000hrs = (91-90)*34000 = 34,000 (UNFAVORABLE) The labor rate variance is above allowed standard of 30,000hrs
D. Find the direct materials variances (materials price variance and quantity variance) Direct material price variance = (Actual price - Standard price) x Actual quantity = ((1,000,000/50,000 pounds) -20) x 50,000 = 0 x 50,000 = (20-20)*50,000 = 0 (NO VARIANCE) The direct material price variance met the standard (has no change) Materials quantity variance = (actual quantity - standard quantity) x standard price per unit = (50,000 - (20,000 x 2 pounds) x $20 = (50,000 40,000) * $20 = $200,000 (UNFAVORABLE) The materials quantity variance is unfavorable because its higher than standard of 40,000 pounds of allowed material. E. Find the total over- or under applied (both fixed and variable) overhead. Would cost of goods sold be a larger or smaller expense item after the adjustment for over- or under applied overhead?
G5019 - Accounting Information for Management Planning and Control (Final Exam)
= -60,000 (FAVORABLE) The Variable Overhead Spending Variance is favorable because the Actual overhead spent is lower than the budgeted amount.
F.
ACTUAL OPERATING INCOME Sales (21,500 unit sold x $420) Cost of Goods Sold Direct labor 3,094,000 Direct materials 1,000,000 Actual Fixed Overhead 1,080,000 Actual Variable Overhead 620,000 Actual selling & adm.cost 2,000,000 Total Operating profit
9,030,000
7,794,000 1,236,000
The operating profit is calculated by subtracting the total sales revenue with COGS.
G5019 - Accounting Information for Management Planning and Control (Final Exam)
G. Use a flexible budget to explain the difference between the budgeted operating profit and the actual operating profit for the Bellingham plant for its first year of operation. What part of the difference do you believe is the plant managers responsibility? Budgeted 20,000 units 800,000 2,700,000 600,000 900,000 5,000,000 Flexible 23,000 units 920,000 3,105,000 690,000 900,000 5,615,000 Actual 23,000 units 1,000,000 3,094,000 620,000 1,080,000 5,794,000 Actual cost Over (under) Flexible Budget 80,000.00 (11,000.00) (70,000.00) 180,000.00 179,000.00
@unit Direct materials Direct labor Variable overhead Fixed overhead Total manufacturing cost 40 135 30 45 250
From the table above, we can see that the Direct Labor and Actual Variable Overhead cost are under (less than) Flexible Budget. We also see that the cost for Direct Materials and Fixed Overhead is above (more than) Flexible Budget. The plant managers should lower them as theyre considered over budget. The Plant Manager has to find a cheaper material (without sacrificing the quality) to meet the allowed standard costs. Usually, bigger raw material (bulk) order costs less.
G5019 - Accounting Information for Management Planning and Control (Final Exam)
H. Assume Utease Corporation is planning to change its evaluation of business operations in all plants from the profit center format to the investment center format. If the average invested capital at the Bellingham plant is $8,950,000, compute the return on investment (ROI) for the first year of operation. Use the DuPont method of evaluation to compute the return on sales (ROS) and Capital turnover (CT) for the plant.
FINANCIAL RATIOS
Return on Investment Return on Sales Capital Turnover
Return of Investment (ROI) is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment or to compare the efficiency of a number of different investments. To calculate ROI, the benefit (return) of an investment is divided by the cost of the investment; the result is expressed as a percentage or a ratio. Since Utease Corp. has positive ROI, it tells us that this companys asset are generating positive return to its owners/stock holders. Return of Sales (ROS) provides insight into how much profit is being produced per dollar of sales. As with many ratios, it is best to compare a company's ROS over time to look for trends, and compare it to other companies in the industry. An increasing ROS indicates the company is growing more efficient, while a decreasing ROS could signal looming financial troubles. the Capital Turnover (CT) is good because it the company is generating a lot of sales compared to the money it uses to fund the sales, thus the utilization of every Invested Capital is considered effective. Note that the ROI, ROS, and CT cannot be judged alone, they must be compared in Year-on-Year basis to be fully understood.
G5019 - Accounting Information for Management Planning and Control (Final Exam)
I.
Assume that under the investment center evaluation plan the plant manager will be awarded a bonus based on ROI. If the manager has the opportunity in the coming year to invest in new equipment for $500,000 that will generate incremental earnings of $75,000 per year, would the manager undertake the project? Why or why not? What other evaluation tools could Utease use for their plants that might be better? ACTUAL OPERATING INCOME 21,500 x 420 3,094,000 1,000,000 1,080,000 620,000 2,000,000 7,794,000 5 x 20,000 1,236,000 BUDGETED + NEW INVESTMENT 20,000 x 425 8,500,000 2,700,000 800,000 900,000 600,000 1900000 Op. Income Additional Income 6,900,000 1,600,000 75,000 1,675,000 8,950,000 500,000 9,450,000
9,030,000
Direct materials Actual FO Actual variable Actual selling & adm.cost Op. Income
8,950,000
FINANCIAL RATIOS
Return on Investment
13.81%
>
17.72%
The Plant Manager should accept the opportunity to invest new equipment since it will actually increase the ROI (note that only if the next production year matches the standard cost) Other evaluation tools Utease could use is by calculating the Residual Income which is the amount by which operating earnings exceed a minimum acceptable return on average invested capital. Lets say the minimum Acceptable Return is the current year ROI = 13.81% WITHOUT THE ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT Residual Income = Operating Earnings (Minimum Acceptable Returns x Invested Capital) = 1,600,000 (13.81% x 8,950,000) = 365,005 WITH ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT Residual Income = Operating Earnings (Minimum Acceptable Returns x Invested Capital) = 1,675,000 (13.81% x 9,450,000) = 369,955 An additional residual income of 5,950 with the new investment (favorable) Other methods are by using Economic Value Added (EVA) and Balance Scorecard.
G5019 - Accounting Information for Management Planning and Control (Final Exam)
J.
The chief financial officer of Utease Corporation wants to include a charge in each investment centers income statement for corporate-wide administrative expenses. Should the Bellingham plant managers annual bonus be based on plant ROI after deducting the corporate wide administrative fee? Why or why not? The Plant Manager should accept the annual bonus to be based on Plants ROI only if the Corporate wide administrative fee is below the residual income. Other method is by requesting to have Stock Options, since the Plant is generating positive ROI, the stocks valuation is expected to rise in the future.
Pak Warry, Id like to say thank you for teaching and sharing your knowledge to us. Budi Hardiansyah (0940001101)