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( A Ca se S tu d y o n L un g i In d u str y o f Ru h i tpu r, K e r a ni g o nj )
Table of Contents
Topics Page
Table of contents i
List of tables ii
List of maps ii
List of figures ii
i
List of Tables
List of Maps
List of Figures
ii
Chapter One : Introduction
1.1 Background
The study area, Rohitpur Mouza under Keranigonj Upazila has its economical and historical value
achieved through a long period of time. The heritage of Tat activities flourished by the people of
the area, now famous in all over the country. They are still in superior position in terms of quality
of products. It serves local market as well as the market of Dhaka City have a remarkable
contribution in the economy of this region. As a fringe area of capital Dhaka provides a strong
backup which makes the locality more important.
When the name of Ruhitpur come then a scenario of a locality rise in our mind with one-two or
more tat in every houses and all the members of every households are busy in producing lungi.
But it is a matter of sorrow that this view of Ruhitpur is now past. The scenario has been changed.
Now very few people are producing lungi in this locality. This study is to describe the present
situation of this cottage industry (lungi) in Ruhitpur Mouza.
and a part of Ruhitpur Kacha. The survey was conducted with the direct interaction with the
existing TAT operators which helped to find out some deep rooted problems which are considered
as the barriers of this industry. This study has covered almost every aspects of this industry. The
area is selected for the study because of the following reasons –
• Tat industry of Rohitpur has a great historical and economical value.
• Concentration of TAT is relatively high in Rohitpur Mouza than other areas in Keranigonj
Upazila.
• Products of TAT (Longi) are more qualitative than other areas in Keranigonj Upazila.
Study Area
Age-sex structure
Age-sex structure of the area is also constructed on the basis of population census. Young
population (18 – 34 age group) is the highest, about 30 percent. About 19 percent are in the age
of 35-59 years, about 14 percent are in the age of 5 to 9 and about 13 percent are in the age of 0
to 4 and 10-14 both.
Table 2.1 : Age sex structure
60 +
35 - 59
18 - 34
Female
15 - 17
Male
10 - 14
5-9
0-4
The amount of income and expenditure is very close, means they have little or no savings. Among
the surveyed households, only 16 percent have savings in different NGOs and Banks. The
2.6.2 Out-migration
In the study area, we found a peculiar picture that Tatiees whose have brick-built house are living
by hand to mouth. About 3-5 years ago maximum household has one or two migrated people.
Generally, they migrated to Malaysia. Whatever when Malaysia Government stopped to receive
migrated workers, they came back. From the survey data, we found no migrated people. At
present maximum Tatiees depend only Tat industry.
Lungi is a garment worn in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Myanmar. It is generally
worn around the waist. Though its origin is found in South-India, it is worn by different
communities across Southern Asia. It is generally woven in cotton. It has various designs and
colors. Lungis are sewn into a circle like a skirt. For daily purposes, it is most popular in our
country. The lungi is thought to be quite comfortable because its length can be adjusted easily. It
is particularly popular in regions where the heat and humidity create an unpleasant climate.
Lungi is the most commonly seen dress of Bangladeshi men. It is not normally worn on formal
occasions. In Bangladesh, lungis are worn by most men on a daily basis. Bengali women do not
traditionally wear lungis. Non-Bengali tribal women wear similar garments in some parts of
southeastern Bangladesh. Some Bengali men do not wear the lungi, because they thought it to be
too informal or unsuitable.
1
‘Hana’ is local name of an instrument used in Tat which looks like a comb.
2
‘Bim’ is a calendar made by wood.
3
‘Thaan’ is a local unit, where one ‘Thaan’ is equal to four pieces of Lungie
4
‘Mora’ is local unit of measurement of Yarn
From the above tables it is clear that, involvement of household workers in Tat is relatively very
high. 86% workers are household worker whereas only 14% are employed workers(Figure 3.1).
Because, in the study area, maximum Tatiees have only one Tat and 4-6 family members. So, the
portion of employed worker is relatively low. There is another reason is responsible for this
situation that is, profit from one ‘than’ is tk.200-350 whereas a worker’s wage is tk.120-150 per
‘than’. If a Tat owner engage a labour then his profit decreases.
Household
86%
Employed
14%
A big portion of profit depends on the marketing system of products. Marketing system of Lungi is
not favorable to the Tatiees in the study area. Most of the Tatiees sell their products to the local
businessperson in a very little profit. Whatever, these businesspersons sell these Lungies mainly
in Dhaka City in a high profit. In most case, these businesspersons buy more Lungies during off-
peak period in low price and reserve the Lungies. As a result two events occur. Firstly – Tatiees do
not get real price of Lungi in the peak period and secondly – price of Lungi remains high during
off-peak period.
The people of the study area involved with Tat identify some barriers in improvement of this
sector. All the respondent during the survey answered that High price of raw materials and low
profit is the major problem. About 66 percent respondent identified high labor wage as a barrier,
about 58 percent answered unavailability of raw materials and 50 identified large variation
between wholesale and retail price as the problem.
Table 4.1 : Barriers in development of Tat industries
4.2 Financial
The price of the yarn become increasing, gradually makes the situation complicated as the taties
have not any initial capital to buy the raw materials. Usually they lend the money from Mohajon
and impelled to sell their products to mohajon in a price less than the market price. At the end
Taties gets little or no profit to survive.
4.3 Lack of improved technology
The taties of Rohitpur mouzas are technologically backdated than other areas of Bangladesh like
Pabna. Where the taties of Pabna goes to mass production with improved equipment and
decrease their production cost. So they can sell at a low price than Rohitpur. No households in
Rohitpur have no more than two Tats and they produce one or less than one “Than” of lungi in a
day by engaging all the household members.
4.5 Others
There is no multi-occupational scope in this occupation. If some one is engaged with this
occupation, he can not do another work with it.
It is clear from the present scenario that Tat industries are demolishing from this region day by
day. The people engaged with this occupation are becoming unemployed and it becomes very
difficult for them to survive. It is not possible to stop this industry because most of the people
engaged with this occupation are unskilled in all other occupations. Again, it is also not preferable
to provide surplus for surviving this industry. There are many barriers to survive the Tatiees well.
By overcoming these barriers properly, the Tatiees could survive well and Tat industries of this
region would not demolish. The following suggestions would be a practical guideline for surviving
Tatiees.
1. Some businesspersons buy a huge amount of Lungi in low price during off-peak period
and store for peak period. As a result the demand of Lungi fall down in the peak period
and the Tatiees cannot sell their according to the actual demand of market, and they are
compelled to sell their Lungi in low price during peak period. By protecting this dishonest
motivation, Tatiees can survive well.
2. Most of the Tatiees have no primary capital to buy raw material like Yarn, arrowroot etc.
Therefore, all they do borrow money from Mohajon and they are compelled to sell their
products to them in a low price. However, there are a few numbers of Tatiees who take
credit from NGOs and Banks can avoid this situation. If the initial capital can be provided
by micro credit programme, they can get rid of this vicious circle.
3. The price of Yarn drastically changed between on a few months and become higher and
higher. Some Tatiees claimed that it is not sometime available also. So, by taking national
policy if the production and supply of Yarn can be increased, then the price will be more
stable and this sector can be more benefited.
4. This sector may not survive if it continue by small scale of production. It may not compete
with the products of other areas, where they go in mass production. Therefore, by
adopting modern technology and with the help of various organizations, stakeholders and
government, the situation can be improved.
5. Tatiees are usually unskilled in all other occupation. Again, the present condition of Tat
industries in this region is not suitable for the Tatiees to survive. If this industry is stopped,
Tatiees could be shifted to another occupation. To shift Tatiees into another occupation
Government, NGOs, and the private sector could launch job oriented programmes like –
training, education, protection etc.
The Lungi of Rohitpur is famous in all over the country. However, it is now at the diminishing
stage. The barriers identified in this study are the main cause for the situation. More over some
businessperson and Tatiees are also responsible. They are marketing low quality products using
the label of this famous product. It destroys the believe of the users. An overall infrastructural
development as well as financial support can make this industry alive. Not a desktop planning
approach, but a participatory planning approach is very much needed to run this industry towards
its own way and bring the fame of the Lungi of Rohitpur.
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 1991; Community Series : Dhaka Zila, Ministry of Planning,
Government of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, April 1993.
1. Household Information:
a. Name of the respondent (Mainly household head)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Address :
Village : …………………………. Post Office : …………………………….
Upazila : ………………………… District : …………………………….
Wholesale price
Consumer price
Num. of ‘Thans’
Producing cost
for each ‘Than’
of each ‘Than’
of each ‘Than’
Number of Tat
workers
6.a. What is the type of Tat industry for this region?
o Occasional
o Whole Year
6.c. If Tat industry is not occasional, which months are peak period?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. How much money do you need to spend for management of Tat per month?
Tk. …………… only.
8. Loan:
b. If yes, then
Amount
Source of Loan Year Interest Duration Purpose
(in tk.)
9. Savings:
11. Migration:
i) In-Migration:
a.: Are you migrated here?
o Yes
o No
ii) Out-Migration:
c: Has any household member migrated for another place?
o Yes
o No
Problems:
12. What are the barriers for the growth and development of Tat industries in these areas?
o Raw materials are not easily available
o High price of raw materials
o High labor wage
o Lack of proper transport system
o Lack of proper information system
o Low profit
o Large variation between wholesale price and retail price
…………………………
Signature of the surveyor
Appendix: B
Population projection
Population projection for the year 2006 for the study area has been computed by using the
following formula –
Pn = P0 (1 + r)n
Where
Pn = Projected population of the year 2006
P0 = Population of 1991 census
r = Annual population growth rate
n = 15