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Zuev G Elementy Daosskoj Alkhimii V Yaponii Epokhi Khejan Na Primere Praktiki Ommyodo Abe-No Sejmeya
Zuev G Elementy Daosskoj Alkhimii V Yaponii Epokhi Khejan Na Primere Praktiki Ommyodo Abe-No Sejmeya
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Зуев Глеб Михайлович,
студент программы бакалавриата «История»,
ФГАОУ ВО Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет
E-mail: mr.skrzetuski@mail.ru
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Феномен алхимии IV
Zuev G. M.
Taoist alchemy in the Heian era using the example
of the practice of Ommedo Abe-no Seimei
Abstract: Ommedo (yap. 陰陽道 omme:do:, the doctrine of yin and yang)
is a Japanese esoteric doctrine that became widespread at court and in the masses
in the Heian era (794–1185 AD). Having come to Japan from China back in the
6th century as a system of divination and exorcism, this doctrine soon absorbed
other diverse components of the culture of the Japanese islands. Thus, researchers
note some borrowings from Shinto, Buddhism, folk ideas and superstitions,
predominantly from Taoism. The system of Onmyōdō included a wide range of
magical services, such as the expulsion of evil spirits, the removal of curses,
divination, as well as the prediction of favorable days, times of the day and
directions, which today is associated with the doctrine of feng-shui. A special
ministry was even created at the Japanese court, which was responsible for court
onmyōji magicians. A prominent representative of this direction was the semi-
legendary medieval mystic Abe no Seimei, whose memory was preserved by
the people and reflected in such literary sources as, for example, "Collection of
Tales from Uji". Holding a high position at the imperial court, Seimei had not
only the status and authority, but also a significant influence on the events and
affairs that took place in the country. In the context of Taoist alchemy, it is
remarkable that Seimei is associated with one of the earliest examples of the
use of the symbolism of the pentagram in Japan, which he applied in his magical
rituals. It is this pentagram denoting the five primal elements of Chinese
philosophy, also known as the Wu-Xing, that is depicted in the Seimei Temple
in Kyoto. Literary and folklore sources make it possible to conclude that certain
aspects of Taoist alchemy penetrate Japanese rites of exorcism and summoning
of otherworldly entities, used not only for protection but also magical attacks,
curses and murder.
Keywords: Ommedo, Abe no Seimei, Taoist alchemy, Heian era.
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