1. Make use of Tables 1.

3 in the text book (See the last page in this assignment) to express the following quantities in SI units: (a) 10.2 in./min, (b) 4.81 slugs, (c) 3.02 lb, (d) 73.1 ft/s2, (e) 0.0234 lb s/ft2.
in. 2.54 102 m 1 min ( )( ) = 4.3210-3 m/s min 1 in. 60 s

Sol)

(a) 10.2

(b) 4.81 slugs (

14.59 kg ) = 70.2 kg 1 slug

(c) 3.02 lb (

4.45 N ) =13.4 N 1 lb

ft 0.305 m ) = 22.3 m/s2 (d) 73.1 2 ( 1 ft s (e) 0.0234

lb s ft 2 ( 4.45 N 1 ft ) ( ) 2 =1.12 N s/m2 1 lb 0.305 m

2. Make use of Tables 1.4 in the text book (See the last page in this assignment) to express the following quantities in BG units: (a) 14.2 km, (b) 8.14 N/m3, (c) 1.61 kg/m3, (d) 0.0320 N m/s, (e) 5.67 mm/hr. 3281 ft ) = 46590 ft 1 km 0.225 lb 1m 3 )( ) = 0.0519 lb/ft3 1N 3.28 ft 0.0685 slug 1m 3 )( ) = 0.003125 slugs/ft3 1 kg 3.28 ft

Sol)

(a) 14.2 km ( (b) 8.14 (c) 1.61 N m m

3

( (

kg
3

(d) 0.0320

N m 0.225 lb 3.28 ft ( )( ) = 0.0236 lb ft/s s 1N 1m

(e) 5.67

mm 0.00328 ft 1 hr ( )( ) = 5.1710-6 ft/s hr 1 mm 3600s

3. The information on a can of pop indicates that the can contains 355 mL. The mass of a full can of pop is 0.369 kg while an empty can weighs 0.153 N. Determine the specific weight, density, and specific gravity of the pop and compare your results with the corresponding values of for water at 20 oC. Express your results in SI units.

Sol)

Information from the description Volume, V = 355 mL = 35510-3 L = 35510-3(10-3 m3) = 35510-6 m3 Total mass of full can, mtotal = 0.369 kg Weight of an empty can Wcan= 0.153 N

From the information, we can determine the net mass of pop and then the density. 0.153 W = 0.353 kg m pop = mtotal can = 0.369 9.81 g Then, (1) Density: pop =
m pop V

0.353 355 10
6

= 994.37 kg/m3

(Answer)

c.f. H O @ 20o C = 998 kg/m3 (Because the textbook provides only the properties 2 of water at 15.6 oC, you can use those values for comparison.) (2) Specific weight:

pop = pop g = 9754.7 N/m3

(Answer)

c.f. H O @ 20o C = 9790 N/m3 2

(3) Specific gravity: SG pop =

pop H
o 2O @ 4 C

994.37 = 0.994 1000

(Answer)

c.f. SGH O @ 20o C = 0.998 2

4. If 1 cup of cream having a density of 1005 kg/m3 is turned into 3 cups of whipped cream, determine the specific gravity and specific weight of the whipped cream. Sol) Mass of 1 cup of cream, mcream = (1005
kg ) (Volume of cup, Vcup ) m3

Since there is no change in total mass of cream, i.e. Density of 3 cups of whipped cream,

mcream = mwhipped cream

whipped cream =
Then

mwhipped cream 3Vcups

(1005

kg kg ) ( Vcup ) 1005 3 3 m m = 335 kg = 3Vcups 3 m3

(1) Specific gravity,

SG =

whipped cream H O @ 4o C
2

kg m3 = 0.335 = kg 1000 3 m

335

(Answer)

(2) Specific weight,

whipped cream = whipped cream g = (335

kg m N ) (9.81 2 ) = 3290 3 3 m s m

(Answer)

5. A Newtonian fluid having a specific gravity of 0.92 and a kinematic viscosity of 4 10-4 m2/s flows past a fixed surface. Due to the no-slip condition (The fluid sticks to a plate surface.), the velocity at the fixed surface is zero, and the velocity profile near the surface is shown in figure. Determine the magnitude and direction of the shearing stress developed on the plate. Express your answer in terms of U and , with U and expressed in units of meters per second and meters, respectively.

Sol) Because the situation is related with the viscosity of oil, lets use the following eq.

du dy

By using the information from the description,

3 3 y 2 du = = U 3 dy 2 2

3 y 1 y 3 (because u = U ) 2 2

Please note that the problem provides a kinematic viscosity , not (dynamic) viscosity and thus we have to use,

= = 4 10 4 SG H

2O @ 4

= 4 10 4 (0.92 1000) = 0.368 Ns/m2

3 3 y 2 U 3 Then, = U = 0.368U = 0.552 N/m2 2 2 2 3 : because we need the shearing stress at the plate (y = 0)

(Answer)

Direction of shearing stress ( ) exerting on the plate due to motion of the fluid Left
(Answer)

6. 3. The viscosity of liquids can be measured through the use of a rotating cylinder viscometer of the type shown in Fig. In this device the outer cylinder is fixed. The inner cylinder has a diameter ( Ri ) of 40 cm and the gap between the inner and outer cylinder is 0.1 cm. The experiment reveals that the torque of 1.0 Nm is required in order to develop the angular velocity of inner cylinder ( ) of 100 rpm. (a) The applied torque will create the shearing stress ( ) on the surface of inner cylinder. Determine the shearing stress due to the torque of 1.0 Nm. (b) Determine the velocity at the surface of inner cylinder. (c) Using the results from Questions (a) and (b), determine the viscosity of fluid. Assume that the fluid is Newtonian, i.e. the velocity distribution (du/dy) in the gap is linear.
FC A
50 cm

gap

Sol) (a) Shearing stress, = (Force parallel to the surface)(Surface Area) =

FC : Force due to the measured torque
A: Area of the outer surface of the inner cylinder Then, = FC =

M (1.0 N m) = = 2.5 N Ri (0.4 m)

A = 2 (0.4 m) (0.5 m) = 1.26 m2

FC 2.5 = = 1.98 N/m 2 A 1.26

(ANSWER)

(b) Velocity at the surface of inner cylinder,

uinner = Ri = (0.4 m) (100

rev 2 rad 1 min ) min 1rev 60 sec

(ANSWER)

= (0.4) (10.47) = 4.19 m/s (c) Velocity of the outer cylinder, u outer = 0 (Stationary cylinder)

Because the fluid is Newtonian, the distribution of fluid velocity is linear.

du u inner u outer 4.19 = = = 4190 s-1 dy gap 0.001

Then, =

du dy

1.98 = (4190)

1.98 = 4.73 10 4 Ns/m2 4190

(ANSWER)

7. In a test to determine the bulk modulus of a liquid it was found that as the absolute pressure was changed from 15 to 3000 psi the volume decreased from 10.240 to 10.138 in3. Determine the bulk modulus for this liquid. Sol) Lets use the definition of bulk modulus EV dp 3000 15 EV = = = 2.997 105 psi (Answer) dV / V 10.138 10.240 10.240

8. As shown in Figure, surface tension forces can be strong enough to allow a double-edge steel razor blade to float on water, but a single-edge blade will sink. Assume that the surface tension forces act at an angle relative to the water surface. (The mass of the double-edge blade is 0.6410-3 kg, and the total length of its sides is 206 mm. Determine the value of required to maintain equilibrium between the blade weight and the resultant surface tension force. (b) The mass of the single-edge blade is 2.6110-3 kg , and the total length of its side is 154 mm. Explain why this blade sinks. Support your answer with the necessary calculation. Sol) (a) From the definition of the surface tension force, (Force) = (Surface tension)(Length)

F = water (206 103 m)

(From Table 1.6, water = 7.34 102 N/m)

= (7.34 102 ) (206 103 ) = 0.0151 N Then, the vertical component of F should be balanced by the weight of a double-edge blade.
F sin = mg
= 24.6o (b) For a single-edge blade with the mass and the total length of its side of 2.6110-3 kg and 154 mm, respectively, sin = (0.64 10 3 )(9.81) = 0.416 0.0151

F = (7.34 10 2 ) (154 10 3 ) = 0.0113 N

and by the same manner, (2.61 103 )(9.81) = 2.26 > 1 (Impossible) 0.0113 The surface tension cannot maintain equilibrium with a single-edge blade.

F sin = mg

sin =