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Martin Luther King, Jr. delivering his speech at the DC Civil Rights March.
For other uses, see I Have a Dream (disambiguation).
"I Have a Dream" is the popular name given to the historic public speech by Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr., when he spoke of his desire for a future where blacks and whites would
coexist harmoniously as equals. King's delivery of the speech on August 28, 1963 from
the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement. Delivered to over
200,000 civil rights supporters, the speech is often considered to be one of the greatest
speeches in history and was ranked the top American speech of the 20th century by a
1999 poll of scholars of public address.[1] According to U.S. Congressman John Lewis,
who also spoke that day as the President of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee, "Dr. King had the power, the ability and the capacity to transform those steps
on the Lincoln Memorial into a modern day pulpit. By speaking the way he did, he
educated, he inspired, he informed [not just] the people there, but people throughout
America and unborn generations."[2]
Legend holds that King departed from his prepared text and began preaching
extemporaneously, but he had delivered a similar speech incorporating some of the same
sections in Detroit in June 1963, when he marched on Woodward Avenue with Walter
Reuther and the Rev. C.L. Franklin, and had rehearsed other parts.[3]
Contents
[hide]
• 1 Style
• 2 Key quotes for Martin Luther King Jr.
• 3 Legacy
• 4 Plagiarism
• 5 Copyright dispute
• 6 References
• 7 External links
[edit] Style
Widely hailed as a masterpiece of rhetoric, King's speech resembles the style of a black
Baptist sermon. It appeals to such iconic and widely respected sources as the Bible and
invokes the United States Declaration of Independence, the Emancipation Proclamation,
and the United States Constitution. Through the rhetorical device of allusion, King makes
use of phrases and language from important cultural texts for his own rhetorical purposes.
Early in his speech King alludes to Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by saying "Five score
years ago..." Biblical allusions are also prevalent. For example, King alludes to Psalm
30:5[4] in the second stanza of the speech. He says in reference to the abolition of slavery
articulated in the Emancipation Proclamation, "It came as a joyous daybreak to end the
long night of captivity." Another Biblical allusion is found in King's tenth stanza: "No,
no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters
and righteousness like a mighty stream." This is an allusion to Amos 5:24.[5] King also
quotes from Isaiah 40:4 — "I have a dream that every valley shall be exalted..."
[edit] Legacy
The March on Washington put more pressure on the John F. Kennedy administration to
advance civil rights legislation in Congress, but in the wake of President Kennedy's
assassination later that year, his successor Lyndon B. Johnson was able to get the Civil
Rights Act of 1964 passed, followed by the 1965 Voting Rights Act.
In the wake of the speech and march, King was named Man of the Year by TIME
magazine for 1963, and in 1964, was the youngest person ever awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize.
[edit] Plagiarism
Approximately twenty percent, the last two minutes, of King's historic speech bears a
resemblance to a speech delivered several years prior by Reverend Archibald Carey, a
personal friend of King's. Many, however, believe that the comparisons are so slightly
similar that they do not rise to the level of plagiarism.[7] See Martin Luther King, Jr.
authorship issues.