Course: Statistical Inference

Fall-2011 October 18, 2011]

Characteristics of Sampling Procedures
1. Sampling Procedures are the methods oI selection oI unbiased, transplant, healthy data up
to the mark Ior better statistical inIerences about target population.

2. onventionally, two proper methods adopted in sampling procedures.
a) Probability Sampling
b) on-Probability Sampling
. Probability Sampling: %he selection oI the elements Irom the target population is not
based on probability theory. In probability sampling the chance or probability oI each or
every element Irom target population will be equal or same. %here are Iour signiIicant
procedures oI Probability Sampling methods as Iollows:
a) Simple random sampling method
b) Systematic random sampling method
c) StratiIied random sampling method
d) luster random sampling method
Simple Random Sampling Method is an important technique in which each sampling
unit oI population has an equal probability oI being included in the sample. In this
method allow each possible sample to have an equal probability oI being picked and each
item in the entire population to have an equal chance oI being included in the sample.
Systematic Random Sampling Method is a technique in which samples are drawn
according to some pre-determined pattern. For example iI the units in the population
are numbered Irom 1 to in same order, we can draw a sample oI size n by taking every
k
th
value. Where 'k is equal interval between two elements. K can be obtained by
K (Population Size)/sample size N/n

Stratified Random Sampling Method: Sometime, a population contains highly variable
material and a simple random sample Iails to adequately represent the population. %he
population is then divided into a number oI mutually exclusive groups oI units in such a
way that the units within each group are as similar as possible. StratiIied sampling is
appropriate when the population is already divided into groups oI diIIerent sizes and we
wish to acknowledge this Iact.




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Characteristics of Sampling Procedures
BBA- A, B, C, D]
Fall-2011

Cluster Random Sampling Method: %his is a process oI sampling in which the
sampling units are to be Iound in groups` oI individuals or natural units such as a
household or a Iamily which comprises human beings. %hese are known as clusters. Each
cluster is treated as a single unit in the selection process.
With both stratiIied and cluster sampling, the population is divided into well-deIined
groups. We use stratiIied sampling when each group has small variation itselI but there is
a wide variation between the groups. We use cluster sampling in the opposite case, when
there is considerable variation within each group but the group are essentially similar to
each other.

4. Non-Probability Sampling: non-probability sampling method is also called a
judgment sampling as the personal judgment plays a signiIicant part in the selection oI
the sample. Following are some signiIicant non-probability sampling:
a) Purposive Sampling
b) "uota Sampling
c) ulti-Stage Sampling
d) Sequential Sampling
e) onvenience Sampling
f) Snowball Sampling
g) udgment Sampling
h) #eplicated Sampling
i) ulti-Phase Sampling etc.

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