Scheme of Examination - M. Tech.

in Mechanical Engineering Design Four Semester Full Time Course SEMESTER - I

Subject Code 1MED-01

Subject Applied Mathematics Advanced Mechanisms Dynamics of Machinery Computer Aided Mechanical Design

Paper/ Practical/ College Assesment Paper-70 College Asses.-30 Paper-70

Max. Marks 100

Min. Passing Marks 50

Duration of Paper (Hrs) 3

TH+TU (Per Week) 3+1

Practical (Per week)

1MED-02

100 College Asses.-30 Paper-70 College Asses.-30 Paper-70 College Asses.-30 Pract-50 50 Paper-70 College Asses.-30 Pract-50 50 100

50

3+1

1MED-03

50

3+1

1MED-04

100 100

50 50

2+1

1MED-05

Vibration Analysis

100 100

50 50

2+1

SEMESTER II

Subject Code

Subject

Paper/ Practical/ College Assessment Paper-70 College Asses-30

Max. Marks 100

Min. Passing Marks 50

Duration of Paper (Hrs) 3

TH+TU (Per Week) 3+1

Practical (Per week)

2MED-01

Adv. Mechanical Drives Optimization in Engg. Design Robotics

2MED-02 2MED-03

2MED-04

Stress Analysis

2MED-05

Finite Element Analysis

Paper-70 College Asses-30 Paper-70 College Asses-30 Paper-70 College Asses-30 Practical-50 50 Paper-70 College Asses-30 Practical-50 50

100 100 100 100 100 100

50 50 50 50 50 50

3 3 3

3+1 3+1 2+1 2

2+1 2

SEMESTER -III Min. Passing Marks 50 Duration of Paper (Hrs) 3 TH+TU (Per Week) 3+1 Practical (Per week)

Subject Code 3MED-01

Subject

Paper/ Practical/ College Assessment Paper-70 College Asses-30 Paper-70 College Asses-30 College Asses

Max. Marks 100

Reliability, Maintainability & Wear Elective * Seminar on Project Spade Work & Research Methodology

3MED-02 3MED-03

100 200

50 100

3+1

* List of Elective ( 3MED-02) 1. Mechanization in Food Processing 2. Design of Mechanical Handling System. 3. Vibration based condition Monitoring 4. Design of Hydraulic & Pneumatic Systems. SEMESTER IV Subject Thesis Max. Marks. 400 Min. Passing Marks. 200

Mechanical Engineering Department, PCEA, Nagpur M. Tech. (Mechanical Engg. Design) DETAILED SYLLABUS SEMESTER I 1MED - 01 APPLIED MATHEMATICS 1. Boundary value Problems : Linear second order partial differential equations in two independent variables ,normal, forms, hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic equations, cauchy's problem . 2 The Wave Equations : Solution of the intial value problem. signification of characteristic- displacement elastic membrance. 3

in a long string

vibration of an

Parabolic and Elliptic Equations : Fourier integrals, Fourier integral transforms, diffusion on an infinite interval, semi-infinite interval . The laplace equation and Poisson equation -properties of harmonic functions, Poisson integral formula for a circle, Fourier transform solutions . 4 Calculus of Variations : Concepts of functionals and their stationary value, Euler's equations and solution for the basic problem and for more general cases variational problems with moving boundaries conditional variational problems, isoparametric problems, direct methods Ritz, kantorovich and Galerkin techniques .

Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations : Solutions of Laplace's and Poisson's Equation an a rectangular region by Liebmann's methods, diffusion equation by the explicit and Cranck- Nicholson, implicit methods, stability and convergence criteria, solution of wave equation by finite differences . Tutorials :- Based on above syllabus. References : 1. L.C. Andrews and B.K. Shivamogi Intergral transforms for Engineerings and Applied mathematicians Mac Millan [1988] 2. N.D.Raisinghania ,Integral transforms [including Boundary Value Problems] S.Chand [1988] 3. R.V.Churchill, Operational mathematics Me Graw Hill, 1972. 4. Elgolts, L.Different equations and Calculus of variation , Mir Publishers,1970. 5. M.K.jain S.R.K. Iyengar and r.K.Jain Numerical Mathods for Scientific and Engineering Computation, Wiley Eastern Ltd. 1985. 6. Gerald C.F.and Wheatley,P.O. Applied numerical Analysis ,Addison Wesley, 1984. 7. M.R.Spiegel ,[Advanced, Mathematics for Engineering and Scientists, [Schaum Outline Series ] MeGraw Hill , 1987, III Edition.

1MED - 02 ADVANCED MECHANISMS

1. Introduction to kinematic synthesis type number and dimension synthesis class -I, class-II chain Grumblers criteria, concept of transmission angle.

practical applications, degree of freedom

2. Synthesis of planner mechanism: Introduction to function generation, path generation, path generation & rigid body guidance. Problems, accuracy points cgebtcgev's spacubg, Graphical approaches for synthesis for above problem Central point curve, circle point curve ,point position, inflection circle Bo bullion construction, Euler's savory equation, Hartman construction, vector approach & matrix approach, rotation matrix, displacement matrix, Freudensteins equation, computer approach for the above problem . 3. Optimal synthesis of planar mechanisms, Powells search methods least square method penalty function computer approach.

4. Kinematic analysis & synthesis of spatial mechanisms Hi notations screw matrix, R-S-S-R, R-C-P-R-C etc. 5. Introduction to kinematics synthesis of Robot arms.

kinematic analysis for linkages like

Tutorials : Based on above syllabus . References : 1. 2. 3. Tao, D.C.,Applied Linkages. Erdman & Sandor ,Advanced Mechanisms, Vol.- I,II, Denavit & Hartenberg, Kinematic Synthesis

1MED - 03 DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY 1. Dynamics of Mechanisms : Forces in mechanisms, friction in links connection, stress distribution in links. Various approaches for dynamic analysis : Lagranjes, Recursive Lagranjes.

2.

Dynamic Motion Analysis : Energy distribution method, The rate of change of energy method, Balancing of inkages requirements. Lagranjian Euler formulation,Hamiltons Formulation, variational Mechanics. 3. Rotor Dynamics : Torsional Vibration in reciprocating machines, Critical speed, bending vibration balance of rigid rotors, whirling speed of shaft, hydrodynamic instability . Tutorial : Based on above syllabus.

and

flywheel

of rotating shaft .Out of balance,

References : 1. 2. 3. 4. S.Timoshenko ,Vibration Problems in Engineering. Marplex ,Dynamics of machinery. J.S.Rao,Rotor Dynamics. Housner ,Advanced Dynamics.

1MED- 04 COMPUTER AIDED MECHANICAL DESIGN 1 Introduction to CAD/CAM and product cycle, Role of Computers in the design process. Requirement of Hardware & Software in CAD. Representation of Line, Circle, & Other analytic curves, Algorithms & Programms. Graphic standards GKS

Drafting of machine elements with dimension and tolerances using 2-D drafting packages. [Graphical Kernal System ] IGES [Initial Graphic Exchange Specifications]. 2 CAD of Machine Elements : Development of interactive design programs [with drafting] for machine elements, and other parameters, Generation of several alternate designs and evaluation. 3 Geometric Modelling : Mathematical representation of Hermite cubic, Bezeir & B-spline curves. and solids generated in surface and solid model respectively . Assembly Practical : Based on above syllabus with emphasis on i) Programming for creating graphic entities . ii) Programming for machine parts with drafting facility. Reference: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

incorporating choice of materials

Introduction to difference type of surfaces modeling and interference checking .

Groover ,M.P.and Zimmers ,E.W CAD/CAM, Computer Aided Design and manufacturing, Prentice Hall of India 1986. Ibrahim Zeid, CAD/CAM Theory and Pratice, Mc Graw Hill, 1991. Dimarogons, A.D. Computer Aided Machine Design, Prentice Hall,1986. Ranky, P.G. Computer Integrated Manufacturing,Prentice Hall,1986. Radhakrishanan,P. and Kothandaraman, C.P. Computer Graphics & Design, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi, 1990. Software Manuals on GEODRAW, GEOMOD, and SUPERTAB, Structural Dynamics Research Corporation, U.S.A. 1986.

1MED 05 VIBRATION ANALYSIS

1.

Review of Fundamentals: Vibration problems in engineering causes and effects of vibration relevance of vibration analysis continuum and discrete modeling lumped parameter systems free vibration and response to damped single degree freedom systems. Frequency response function-amplitude and phase plots mechanical impedance and mobility vibration isolation. 2. Response of Systems to Arbitrary Periodic Excitation : Duhamels integral impulse response function shock spectra Laplace and

Fourier transform methods.

3.

Multi Degree Freedom Systems: Matrix formulation eigen values and eigen formulation matrix iteration techniques normal modes and orthgonality transient response of multidegree freedom system mode superposition technique torsional oscillations of multirotor systems. 4. Continuous Systems .

Longitudinal and transverse vibration of beams-forced response of beams. techniques in vibrational analysis. 5.

Vibration

of

plates

finite

element

Vibration Instrumentation : Vibration measurements instrumentation electrodynamics exciters impact hammers piezoelectric accelerometers signal conditioning and amplification preamplifiers and power amplifiers real time analysis digital Fourier transforms FFT analysis structural frequency response measurement random sinusoidal and transient test methods model testing of beams. 6. Noise Control : Sound and Noise parameters prorogation of sound noise in carious machinery's noise Control Techniques, Sound absorption , sound insulation , methods. Practicals : Based above syllabus with emphasis on Vibration Measurement on equipment in Field of Factory. REFERENCE : 1. J.S. Rao and K. Gupta Advanced theory of vibration.Willey Eastern.1992. 2. P.Srinivasan Mechanical Vibration Analysis, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi 1982. 3. N. L. Meirovitch , Elements of vibration Analysis, Mc Graw Hill New York 1986. 4. J.P.Den Hartog Mechanical Vibration (4th edition Mc Graw Hill, New York 1985. 5. Timoshenko, Engineering vibration. 6. Irwin & Garf , industrial Noise & Vibration Control. 7. R.A. Collacott, Vibration Monitoring and diagnosis, John Willey, New York, 1979. 8. M. Petyt , Introduction to Finite Element Vibration Analysis Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990. SEMESTER II 2 MED 01 ADVANCED MECHANICAL DRIVES 1 Belt Drives:Belt vibrations, additional stress due to vibration, modern development in toothed belt, fatigue, synchronization, slip due to wear. Dynamics & vibration of Arms of Pulleys by three Approaches (1) Equal sharing of load zone (2) Equilibrium of rim (3) FEM Approach.

measurements

techniques.

Noise

2 Gears : Detailed dynamics of gear tooth, spur tooth vibrations, Estimation of additional stress under vibration. Fatigue in tooth due to contact stress. Exact estimation of gear mesh frequencies in signature analysis. 3 Gear Boxes: Kinematic Analysis of complex gear trains, Force Analysis including gyroscopic effects, Analysis of Gearboxes, Lubrication Methods, Contamination of Lubrication Oils, wear debris analysis. 5 Vibration

6 7

Chain Drives : Detailed dynamics of chains considering Rolling friction of hanging portion of tracks, Resistance of sprocket bearings, Resistance due to chain stiffness , chain vibrations : Lateral & longitudinal, wear debris formation & effect on efficiency, impact loads in chains. Analysis of power & conveyor chains . PIV Drives: Concept, Need, Classification & Types. Detailed kinematics & dynamics of 4/5 important drives. Couplings: Stress analysis of coupling bolts during one rotation, Rubbing of coupling pins & its effect on signature, Analysis due to misalignment, Degree of shock absorption due to flexible elements in flexible couplings.

References : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Gear, Spur Helical ,Worm by Earle Buckingham ,Mc-Graw Hill. Rothebirt Mechanical Design & Systems Handbook Mc-Graw Hill Handbook of shaft Alignment M.P.Alexandrov, MATEIALS HANDING EQUIPMENT, MIR Publications, Moscow 1981. Fairs, Mechanisms McGraw Hill.

6. 7.

J.S. Beggs, Mechanisms Prentice Hall. David W. South & Jon R. Mancuso Mechanical Power Transmission Components Marcel Dekker inc New York.

2MED - 02 OPTIMIZATION IN ENGG. DESIGN

1.

Introduction : General characteristics of mechanical elements, adequate & optimum design, objective function, Design constraints. 2

principles of optimization, formulation of

Optimization Techniques : Unconstrained minimization methods single multivariable search methods, random, pattern gradient search techniques, minimization procedure with equality and inequality constraints, penalty functions, concept of multicriterion Optimization. 3 Application to Mechanical Engg. Problems : Design of simple axial transverse loaded members for torsionaly loaded members, shafts for minimum cost weight maximum power, design of springs hydraulic cylinders, optimum design of single two degree of freedom system, vibration absorbers optimum design of simple machine/structural members under dynamic loads, multicriterion optimization of machine tools spindles . Reference : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Rao S.S. optimization Theory & Applications, Wiley Eastern Limited,New Delhi , 1978. Fox Richard L.Optimizations methods for Engg. design, Addision Wesley ,1971 . Haug,E.J.and Arora, J.S. Applied optimal design Wiley Inter Science Publication ,New York ,1979. Douglas J. Willde, Globally optimal design Jhon Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978 Johnson Ray C. optimum design of mechanical elements, John Wiley & Sons 1981. Mischke, Charles R., An introduction to Computer Aided Design, Prentice Hall Inc, 1968.

2MED - 03 ROBOTICS Basic concepts in Robotics: Advanced and applications of robotics of Robots, Resolution, Accuracy and Repeatability, Point, Continuous part system control loops, types of manipulators, wrist & Grippers. Kinematic Analysis of Robots. GBeometry based direct kinematics, Co-ordinate and vector transformation using matrix, Denant - hartenberg Convention, application of DH notation, Inverse Kinematics. Robot- An Dynamcis : Elementary treatment of Lagrange - Euler, Newton - Euler formulations, Generalised D Alembert equations of motion . Drives, Control of Trajectory : Hydraulic system stepper motor, Direct current servomotors , A.-C.servomotors, adaptive control, interpolators, trajectory planning, resolved motion rate control method. Robotic Sensors : Vision system ,range ,proximity, touch, force and torque sensors, Assembly-Aid devices, Robot programming, Artificial Intelligence. Application of Robot : Handling loading, unloading welding, Painting Assembly, Machining Manufacturing , Work- cell, Installation of Robots . References :

1.

M.P. Groover, M.Weiss, P.N.Nagal, and N.G Odrey, Industrial Robotics, Mc Graw Hill International Deduction, 1986. Shimon Y. Nof (Editor), hand book of industrial robotics Jhon Wiley and sons, 1985, Fu. K. S. , Gonzalez R. C. and Lee C. S. G., Robotics : Control sensing vision and intelligence, Mc Graw Hill, 1987. D. T. Pham , Expert System in Engineering , Springer Verlog , 1988. Anthony C. , Mc Donald, Robot Technology, theory , design and applications, Prntice Hall, New Jersey, 1986. Yoren Koren , Robotes for engineers.

2. 3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

K. S. Fu, R.C. Gonzaler C.S.G. Lee, Robothes ( Control, sensing vision & intelligence). 2 MED- 04 STRESS ANALYSIS 1. Fundamentals of stress & strain, stress strain relationship, Elastic constant , plane stress, plane strain. Stress Analysis for two dimensional problems in Cartesian co-ordinate system, equations of Equilibrium, compatibility equation, Airy s stress function, Analysis of rectangular plates by polynomials. 2. Two dimensional problems in polar co-ordinates, general equations in polar co- ordinates for any symmetric case, pure bending of curved beams, crane hooks , bending of beams with initial curvature , Analysis of piston rings, stresses in rotating discs, with variable and constant sections , Effect of holes on stress distribution in plates, contact stresses. 3. Torsion : Torsion of non circular section , St. Venants theory, Membran analogy , Torsion

of thin walled tubes. recording instruments, Brittle

4. Experimental stress analysis by strain gauge & photo elasticity technique, strain rosettes, coating techniques, poloriscope, Isochromatic & isoclinic fringes, compensation techniques. 5. Thermal stresses : Thermo elasticity , thin circular discs, thermal stresses in thermal load. 6. Introduction to fracture Mechanics.

turbine rotors, Analysis of beams under

Practicals : 1. 2. 3. 4. References : 1. 2. 3. Timoshanko & Goodier, Theory of Elasticity . Dalley & Raillery , Experimental stress analysis. Dove & Adams , Experimental Stress Analysis. Measurement of stress for different types of loading by using strain gauges. Models making for poloriscope. Molding for model material. Verifying theoretical stress distributions on poloriscope.

2MED 05 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 1. General Concept. Introduction, the finite element method advantages and disadvantages, history of development, relevance, scope and engineering application review of basic concepts of elasticity, principle of minimum potential energy, principle of virtual displacements. 2. Variational and Weighted Residual Formulations :

Boundary value problems, approximate method of solution, review of variational calculus, the Euler-lagrange equations, geometric and natural boundary conditions, method of weighted residuals. Raleigh Ritz and Galerkin methods finite element formulations comparisons through simple examples the finite element basis, displacement models , convergence criteria. 3. Elements Shape Function : Parameters functions , one dimensional elements , global coordinates, natural co-ordinates, two dimensional elements, three noded triangular and four noded quadrilateral elements, three dimensional elements, four noded tetrahedral element. 4 Isoparametric Element Formulation : Isoparametric elements, characteristics , formulations and shape functions for one dimensional , two dimensional and three dimensional elements, numerical quadrate formulae, Jacobean matrices and transformations. 5. Problem in Solid Mechanics : Formulation of the problems of axial, torsional and flexural deformations of axisymmetric problems free vibration of beam and shafts. Practicals : Based on above syllabus. References : 1. Reddy J.N. An introduction to the finite element method McGraw Hill Book Co. 1984. 2. Larry J. Segerlind, Applied finite element analysis, John Willey, 1984. 3. Krishnamurthy , C. S., finite element analysis : Theory and programming , Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. , 1987. 4. Zienkiewiez , O. C. the finite element method, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing co. 1979. 5. M. Petyt, Introduction to finite element vibration analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridg, 1990. 6. Gowri Dhatt and Gilbert Touzot, The finite element method displayed ,Jhon Willey and Sons, 1985. 7. Hubner, K. H. and E . A. Thornton , the finite element method for engineers, Jhon Willey and sons,1982. SMESTER III 3MED 1 RELIABILITY & MANTAINABILITY & WEAR

beams, plane stress, plane strain and

Introduction to reliability availability and maintainability failure distributions, Weibull distribution and its applications to industries. Design and manufacturing for reliability, reliability assessment of mechanical systems FMES and FTA techniques. Monte carlo simulation method, markov chains in reliability. Maintenance policies and philosophies conditions based antennae , Vibration monitoring non destruction testing.

References : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Reliability & Maintainability Engineering Charles E. Ebeling Tata Mc Graw Hill Reliability Methods Engineering and its application G.P. Chhalotra Khanna Introduction to Reliability in Design Charles O. Smith Mc. Graw Hill Reliability Engineering E. Bala guruswamy Tata Mc. Graw Hill Reliability Engineering D.J. Smith- Pitman Publishing Reliability Engineering L.S. Srinath Affiliated East West Press Pvt. Ltd. Mechanical Reliability A.D.S. Carter- Mc Millan Friction and Waer of Material Ernest Rabinowicz-John Wiley & Sons Kapur K. C. , Lamberson L.R. Reliability in engineering Design. Thomson A. Reliability Based Mechanical Design.

11.

Hull B. , Jhon V. , Non Destructive testing.

3MED 02

ELECTIVE

A)

MECHANIZATION IN FOOD PROCESSING

Constructional features, operation, Operational characteristics Advantages & Disadvantages, Limitations designing considerations of following food processing devices. Cleaning of new materials, sorting and grading , size reductions and Expression, centrifugation, crystallizations, Heat Processing , Evaporation, Dehydration, Freezing, Irradiation ,Pumps, piping, packaging, Automation and Computer systems, Lubrication,Food plant design. References 1. 2. 3. J.G. Brennan Butters Food Engineering operations . Elsevier Publication Farral Food Engineering System, AVI publishing . Ian McFarlane, Automatic Control of Food Manufacturing Process , Applied Science Publishing .

B)

DESIGN OF MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM Disadvantages, limitations, Design

Constructional features, operation, operational characteristics advantages, considerations of following conveying machines.

Unit Load conveying : Fork lift Trucks, Trolley, conveyers. Cableways, Rope ways, Cranes , Over head cranes , Elevators, Drag lines , Robotic Handling , AGV.Bulk solid us conveying: Belt conveyers , chain conveyers, Roller conveyers, ( Gravity & Powered ), Screw conveyers, Tubular screw conveyers, Escalators, Vibrating conveyers, (Crank type & spring type), Pneumatic conveying. References : 1. 2. 3. C) Aleczandow : Materials Handling, MIR Publ. Acma, Reference book for Belt conveyers . Conveyaing Machings , by CITADINOV, MIR publ.

VIBRATION BASED MACHINE CONDITION MONITORING

Vibration Instrumentation: Displacement, Velocity, Acceletation Shock Measurement, Transducers, Terminatings devices , spectrum Analyzers , Exciters, Special Mounting Techniques . Signature Analysis : Concept of signature & prediction of trouble by signature monitoring , signatures due to imbalance, coupling ,bearing, electric motor, gear drive , belt drive , chain drive., PIV drive, piping . Effect of special phenomena : Bent shaft / Bowed Rotor , Transmitted vibrations, shock. Trend analysis, Approach for Diagnostics . References : i. ii. W. Wowak , Machinery Vibrations, Mc-Graw, Hill Kolacoat , Vibration Based Condition Monitoring, Prentice Hall. sympathetic vibration, impact ,

D) 1.

DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEM Oil Hydraulic Systems : Hydraulic Power Generator, selection and specification of pumps, pump Hydraulic Actuators :

characteristics .

2.

Linear & Rotory Actuators, Selection, Specification and Characteristics. 3. Control & Regulation Elements : Pressure, direction and flow control valves, relief valves , non return and safety

valves actuation systems.

4.

Hydraulic Circuits : Reciprocating quick return,sequencing synchronizing circuits,accumulator circuits, industrial circuits,press circuits,hydraulic milling machine, grinding ,planing copying, forklift earthmover circuits, design and selection of components, safety and emergency modules. 5. Pneumatic System, and Circuits : Pneumatic fundamentals ,control elements, position and pressure sensing, logic circuits, switching circuits, fringe condition modules and their integration, sequential circuits , cascade methods, mapping methods, step counter method, compound circuit design, combination circuit design .

6.

Installation, Maintenance and Special Circuits : Pncumatic equipments, selection of components, design calculations, automation, robotic circuits . Tutorial : Based on above syllabus. References : 1. 2. 3. 4.

application,

fault

finding,

hydropneumatic

Peter Rohner, Fluid piower logic circuits design the Macmillan Press Limited ,1979. Stewart,H.L., Hydraulic and pneumatic power for production, Industrial press, New York 1955. Walter Ernest, Oil hydraulic power and industrial applications, Mc Graw Hill Book,Co 1962. Pease ,D.A. Basic fluid power, Prentice Hall ,1987. MOTHODOLOGY

3MED 03 SEMINAR ON PROJECT SPADE WORK & RESEARCH 1]

Research Concept :- process of growth of knowledge Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department generation /realization of new facts , Establishing logic for the generated facts, Scope of quantification of cause effect relationship , Evaluation of hypotheses. Approach of Formulation of the Research task;- Literature review : Sources, Discussions Field studies, Critical analysis of generated facts. Hypothetical proposals for future development , Constraints for proposal selection, Prioritization. Research Approaches :- Conceptual research, Theoretical research, Applied research, Experimental research: Experimental validation of proposed logic, Experimentation to generate design data. Modeling & Simulation :- Concept of modeling, Concept of simulation , Types of simulation ( quantitative , Experimental, Computer , Fuzzy based , statistical ) Process of Model optimization. Formulation of Hypothesis .

2]

Literature survey work of the topic selected for dissertation .

References : T.S. Wilkinson & P.L. Bhandarkar , Methods & Techniques of Social Research Himalaya Publishing , Bombay. Averill M.Law & W. David Kelton , Simulation, Modelling & Analysis H. Schenck, Jr. Theories of Engg. Experimentation Mc-graw Hill Design of Experiments Montgomery. Bart Kasko & Klir Nural Network & Fuzzy Systems Prentice Hall T.J.Roft Fuzzy logic with Engg. . Application Tata mc-Graw Hill Fuzzy sets, Uncertainties & Information Prentice Hall. S.S. Rao Optimization Theory & Applications Wiley Eastern Back Volimes of Journal Modelling & Simulation AMSE Press France .