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Viagedor, RMT
Jade Dianne G. Ong, AMT
Vitamins
are a group of organic nutrients
required in small quantities for a
variety of biochemical functions, for
proper metabolism, to protect
health, and for normal growth and
activity of the body.
Types of Vitamins
1. FatSoluble Vitamins
2. WaterSoluble Vitamins
1. FatSoluble Vitamins
Properties:
– Necessary for the function or structural
integrity of specific body tissues and
membranes.
– Can be retained in the body.
– Apolar hydrophobic compounds that can only
be absorbed efficiently when there is normal
fat absorption.
2. WaterSoluble Vitamins
Properties:
– Act as catalysts and enzyme cofactors in
metabolic processes and energy transfer.
– Are not stored in the body (excreted fairly
rapidly) and must be replaced each day.
– These vitamins are easily destroyed or
washed out during food storage and
preparation (overcooking)
FAT – SOLUBLE
VITAMINS
Physiologic Food
Vitamin Deficiency Excess RDA
Importance source
• Component of • Night blindness Carotenemia; 5,000 Green
A lightsensitive • Xerophthalmia Bleeding; IU vegetable
﴾Retinol, pigments in eye s, dairy
• Associated with Hepatospleno
βcarotene﴿ • epithelial tissue Bitot's spots, products,
megaly ﴾rare﴿. eggs, liver
maintenance keratomalacia,
• regulation of follicular
gene expression hyperkeratosis
and cell
diffentiation
• initiates calcium • Rickets • Hypercal 400 IU Dairy
D absorption in ﴾children﴿ cemia leading for products,
﴾Calciferol﴿ intestine and • Osteomalacia to metastatic adults eggs,
causes bone ﴾adults﴿ calcification Fish liver oils.
mineralization and renal Synthesized
• Promotes damage by sunlight
hardening of ﴾rare﴿. action on
bones and teeth skin.
* Vit. B2 deficiency
• Oxidation • Pellagra ﴾skin • Flushing due • 6.6 mg/1000 Liver, lean
B3 reduction and to vasodilation calories meats,
﴾Niacin, reactions in gastrointestinal occurs with consumed. poultry, fish,
Nicotinamide, cellular disorders, intravenous whole and
Nicotinic acid﴿ respiration nerve injection ﴾rare﴿. • 18 mg ﴾male﴿ enriched
• Functional inflammation, • Abnormal grain
mental •13 mg products,
part of NAD liver function; ﴾female﴿
and NADP. disorders﴿ cramps; legumes
nausea
• Energy Fatigue, loss of None 0.510.0 mg for Milk products,
metabolism coordination known both adults and liver, kidney,
needed to form children is eggs, whole
coenzymeA adequate grains,
﴾CoA﴿, and is legumes; also
B5 critical in the made by
﴾Pantothenic metabolism and intestinal
Acid﴿ synthesis of bacteria.
carbohydrates,
proteins, and
fats.
• For pyruvate
oxidation and
biological
acetylations
• Aids in amino • Convulsions, Transient • 0.2 Wholegrain
acid metabolism, irritability, kidney paresthesias mg/100mg cereals,
absorption; aids stones vegetables,
B6 in red blood cell • Glossitis;
CHON
meats
﴾Pyridoxine, formation; helps blepharitis;
body use fats. dermatitis; • 1.8 mg
Pyridoxal,
• Coenzyme for cheilosis; ﴾male﴿
Pyridoxamine﴿
decarboxylase peripheral • 1.5 mg
and neuropathy; ﴾female﴿
transaminase sideroblastic
systems anemia.
• Nucleic • Megaloblastic Red meats,
acid anemia (Pernicious None. 3 mcg for adults Liver, eggs,
production anemia); dairy products
B12 • Subacute and fish
(Cyanocobala combined
min) degeneration of
spinal cord;
peripheral
neuropathy.
• Fat synthesis • Depression, None 150300 Liver, kidney,
Biotin and amino acid fatigue, nausea, known mcg usually egg yolk, milk,
(Vitamin H) metabolism alopecia, meets daily most fresh
• Part of the dermatitis, needs vegetables,
enzyme systems atrophy of lingual legumes; also
participating in papillae, muscle made by
conversion of pain, intestinal
pyruvate to paresthesias, bacteria.
oxaloacetate hypercholesterole
(gluconeogene mia, and
sis) electrocardiogram
abnormalities
• Collagen • Scurvy • None known • 4060 mg Citrus
formation in (breakdown of • Minimal • 200 500 fruits,
teeth, bone, and skin, blood possibly urinary mg green leafy
connective tissue vessels, and calculi, per day vegetables
of blood vessels teeth) gastrointestinal , tomatoes
C • may help in • impaired complaints
(most
(Ascorbic Acid) resisting infection wound including beneficial)
• absorption of healing. diarrhea,
iron, calcium, *Vitamin C nausea and
folacin deficiency abdominal
• Ascorbic acid is often results cramps
a great secondary to
antioxidant hyperparathy
• works with roidism
vitamin E as a
freeradical
scavenger.
• Nucleic acid • Megaloblastic 400 mcg for Wholewheat
metabolism anemia None. foods, green
(Pernicious adults vegetables,
Folic anemia) legumes, organ
Acid meats, fish,
citrus fruits.
(Folacin)
Other Vitamins
1. Vitamin P ﴾bioflavonoids, citrin﴿
– helps increase strength of capillaries found
in the mesocarp ﴾tasteless, spongy, white
layer beneath the rind﴿ of lemon fruit.
2. Vitamin F ﴾unsaturated fatty acids﴿
– is important in respiration of vital organs.
helps maintain resilience and lubrication of
cells.
helps regulate blood coagulation.
is essential for normal glandular activity.
4. Vitamin B13 ﴾Orotic acid﴿
– is needed for the metabolism of some B
vitamins
5. Vitamin B15 ﴾Pangamic acid﴿
– helps eliminate hypoxia helps promote
CHON metabolism stimulates nervous and
glandular system
6. Vitamin B17 ﴾Laetrile﴿
– has been linked to cancer prevention
Recommended Dietary
Allowance (RDA) for Vitamins
Thank You!
Blindness
Xerophthalmia
Bitot’s Spot
Rickets
.
Vit. K deficiency
Beriberi
Cheilosis
Glossitis
Glossitis
Vit. B2 deficiency
Niacin deficiency
Pellagra
Vit. B12 deficiency
Folic Acid Deficiency
Scurvy