C1

a) ?es 1he dlsLrlbuLlon ls poslLlvely skewed as Lhe mean (33370) Medlan(32330)

lL can also be lnferred from Lhe PlsLogram graph LhaL Lhe dlsLrlbuLlon ls skewed Lowards rlghL
?es Lhere ls one ouLllner and lL can be found wlLh Lhe help of 8ox loL An asLerlsk (*) clearly lndlcaLes
LhaL ouLllner Also as Lhe upper whlsker ls longer Lhan Lhe lower whlsker lndlcaLlng Lhe rlghLward
skewness of Lhe daLa 1he PlsLogram and Lhe 8ox loL are aLLached as appendlx aL Lhe end

b)
Descriptive Statistics: TotaISaIes

Variable N N Mean SE Mean StDev Minimum Q1 Median Q3
TotalSales 30 0 35370 1854 10155 18200 29500 32350 42825

Variable Maximum
TotalSales 64400

Pere
Mean ls 33370
Medlan ls 32330
Su ls 10133
varlance 103124023
8ange Maxlmum Mlnlmum 64400 18200 46200
lnLerquarLlle range C3C1 42823 29300 13323
?es lL can be conflrmed here LhaL Lhe dlsLrlbuLlon ls poslLlvely skewed as Lhe mean medlan

c)
Mean SLandard uevlaLlon Mean + SLandard uevlaLlon 1oLal values
1sL SLandard uevlaLlon 23213 43323 23
2nd SLandard uevlaLlon 13060 33680 28
3rd sLandard uevlaLlon 4903 63833 30

now emplrlcal rule says LhaL
ApproxlmaLely 68 of Lhe measuremenLs wlll fall wlLhln 1 sLandard devlaLlon of Lhe mean
ApproxlmaLely 93 of Lhe measuremenLs wlll fall wlLhln 2 sLandard devlaLlons of Lhe mean
ApproxlmaLely 997 of Lhe measuremenLs wlll fall wlLhln 3 sLandard devlaLlons of Lhe mean
?es Lhe above emplrlcal rule can be verlfled wlLh Lhe sample daLa as
7666 fall ln 1
sL
sLandard devlaLlon of Lhe mean
9333 fall ln 2
nd
sLandard devlaLlon of Lhe mean
100 fall ln 3
rd
sLandard devlaLlon of Lhe mean





d)
SofLware Servlce_ConLracL 1oLal_Sales
70 42 18200
110 66 28600
160 72 39200
120 73 31300
180 80 44000
200 100 30000
Mean 723
Medlan 733
Su varlances
2
summaLlons of (Mean value)
2
3383
now Sus rooL of varlance 189
8ange 42 Lo 100 38

2
LvenL A1 ALhleLe ls a doper
LvenLA2 ALhleLe ls noL a doper
LvenL 8 1esL redlcLs doper

ln Lerms of probablllLy
(A1)2/10002
(A2)98/10098
(8|A1)93(ALhleLe ls a doper as predlcLed by Lhe LesL)
(8|A2)13(ALhleLe ls noL a doper as predlcLed by Lhe LesL)

a)
( A1 | 8 )
( A1 ) ( 8 | A1 )

( A1 ) ( 8 | A1 ) + ( A2 ) ( 8 | A2 )
( A1 | 8) (02*93)/(02*93 + 98 * 13)
( A1 | 8) 114
1he probablllLy of poslLlve drug LesL from a compleLe sample ls 114

b)
( A1 | 8 )
( A1 ) ( 8 | A1 )

( A1 ) ( 8 | A1 ) + ( A2 ) ( 8 | A2 )

( A1 | 8 ) (002*003) / (002*03 + 098*093)
( A1 | 8 ) 001
1he probablllLy of negaLlve drug LesL for a person Laklng drugs ls 1






c)
= =


! %% ! ! %% !
! %% !
%% !

1hls suggesLs LhaL
((93*93)*02)/ ((93*93)*02)+ ((03*03)*98)
Where (11|8) oslLlve LesL 93*93
(11|8) 03*03
1herefore Lhe resulL ls 8803
1he probablllLy ls of 88 LhaL he would be ldenLlfled

d) robablllLy of 2
nd
LesL poslLlve
robablllLy of poslLlve resulL * probablllLy of lasL poslLlve resulL + probablllLy of belng ln remalnlng
populaLlon * probablllLy of noL belng ldenLlfled
93*(114) + 98*(1114) 9707
Pence Lhe probablllLy ls of 97 LhaL she would have a poslLlve resulL agaln


3 Manager A unlform dlsLrlbuLlon
Manager 8 normal ulsLrlbuLlon
Manager C ulscreLe ulsLrlbuLlon

a) Mean and SLandard uevlaLlon
Manager A unlform ulsLrlbuLlon
Mean (C+u)/2 (3000 +43000)/2 $23000
SLandard uevlaLlon (43000 3000)/sqrL 12 $1136069

Manager 8 normal ulsLrlbuLlon
lLs glven LhaL Mean ls $21000 and SLandard devlaLlon ls $3000

Manager C ulscreLe ulsLrlbuLlon
Mean 2 * 13000 + 4* 20000+ 3* 23000 +1*30000 3000+8000+7300+3000 $21300
varlance 2*(2130013000)2 + 4*(2130020000)2 + 3*(2130023000)2 + 1*(21300
30000)2 20230000
SLandard uevlaLlon Square rooL of varlance 4300

b) 1he area ln Lhe unlform ulsLrlbuLlon ls Lhe percenLage probablllLy for a glven range
lor Lhe normal dlsLrlbuLlon we subLracL Lhe values requlred below lL Lo Lhe Mean value and
Lhen dlvlde lL by SLandard devlaLlon now we Lake Lhe subsequenL Z score Lable value now lf
have Lo flnd Lhe value less Lhan some value or Plgher Lhan some value we subLracL Lhe value by
3 (each half of Lhe curve) and LhaL's our probablllLy else Lhe orlglnal value ls our probablllLy
lor ulscreLe values Lhe probablllLy of Lhe reglon ls Lhe requlred probablllLy

ueLalls Lable wlLh all Lhe values ls below however l have glven example of each so LhaL Lhe
meLhod ls clear

unlform ulsLrlbuLlon Area from $17000 Lo $24000 20 of Lhe LoLal area of Lhe graph
1herefore probablllLy ls 2
normal ulsLrlbuLlon for less Lhan 18000
Z (1800021000)/30001 value of 1 ln z score Lable ls 3413 8uL Lhls ls Lhe probablllLy of Lhe
values beLween 18000 Lo 21000 now Lo geL Lhe probablllLy of less Lhan 18000 we need Lo
subLracL lL from 3 resulLlng probablllLy ls 3 3413 1387
ulscreLe robablllLy lor 17000 Lo 24000
ln Lhls range only evenL p(20000) occurs whose probablllLy ls 4 1herefore LhaL wlll be Lhe
requlred resulL


Manager
A(uu)
Manager
8(nu)
Manager C
(uu)
8eLween $17000
and $24000 20 07493 04
$22000 0373 03707 04
$18000 0323 01387 02
equal Lo 23000 0 0 03

c) lor maxlmum of 13 of unlform ulsLrlbuLlon Mean + 13(of sLandard devlaLlon)
$23000 + 13(11360) $23000+234$23234 budgeL for manager A
lor normal ulsLrlbuLlon
(zz
0
) 13
Z
0

1
(13)39
8udgeL for manager A $21000+$39(3000)$22170
lor ulscreLe ulsLrlbuLlon
Mean + 13*(sLandard devlaLlon)21300+13*4300 22173 budgeL for manager C

d) lor maxlmum of 13 of unlform ulsLrlbuLlon Mean + 13(of sLandard devlaLlon)
$23000 + 013(11360) $23000+234$230234 budgeL for manager A
lor normal ulsLrlbuLlon
(zz
0
) 013
Z
0

1
(013)04
8udgeL for manager A $21000+$04(3000)$21120
lor ulscreLe ulsLrlbuLlon
Mean + 013*(sLandard devlaLlon)21300+013*4300 213673 budgeL for manager C

4)
a) Meanx np 3*001003
varlance np(1p) 03*99 000493 SLandard uevlaLlon square rooL of varlance0222

b) 1oLal proflL Sales of chlps (CosL of chlps + cosL from lawsulL due Lo defecLlve chlps)
2000*493( 200*300 + (03*20000000)/100)
990000100000 10000$880000
1he LoLal proflL ls $880000

c) 1he lncrease ln proflL wlll be equal Lo Lhe loss occurred due Lo law sulL ln prevlous case
(03*20000000)/100 $10000




ALNDIk

uest|on 1