Transformer Voltage Drop

TRANSFORMER VOLTAGE DROP Primary Voltage 12.7 KV Secondary Voltage: 120/240 1 From Transformer Manufacturer: % Resistance, % R = 2.24% % Reactance, % XL = 3.44% R actual = 10(%R) (KV Secondary) ^2 KVA Transformer XL actual = 10(%X) (KV Secondary) ^2 KVA Transformer 1 Voltage Drop = I (Rcos + Xsin ) 3 Voltage Drop = 3 I ( Rcos + Xsin ) I = Actual load current R = Actual Resistance X = Actual Reactance COS = PF = Power Factor of load

Pure Resistance PF = 1, MOTORS PF .65-.9 depending on size

Single Phase Example

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Transformer 100 KVA, 1, 12.4 KV to 115/230V % R = 2.24% % X = 3.44% Find voltage drop across transformer assuming 230 V base at no load Load: 75 KVA @ .85 OF, Cos = .85, Sin = .527 I = KVA KV = 75KVA .23 KV = 362 Amp = .01185

R actual = 10 (2.24 %) (.23KV)^2 100 KVA

XL actual = 10 (3.44%) (.23KV) ^2 = .0182 100KVA Volts Drop = I [R Cos + Sin]

Volts Drop = 362 A [.01185 (.85) + .0182 (.527) ] = 362 A [.01966] = 7.116 Volts Vd= (7.116 Volts) 100 230 Volt base = 3.09% Voltage drop

Voltage drop on 3 is same except for 3 in formula. Current I = KVA 3 KV 3 Three Phase Example 3 Voltage drop = Vd = 3 I [ R Cos + X Sin ] Load 150 KVA, P.F. = .8 = Cos , = 36, Sin = .6

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