From the early to late 1930s it was crucially evident that the racial policies of the Nazis had

been a mechanism of direct attack towards the Jews. From the anti-Semitic ideologies displayed in mein-kampf to the inevitable legalisation of Jewish persecution displayed in the Nuremberg Laws, the Racial Policies under Nazi reign was headed towards the Jewish people to a full extent. Although this accumulation of discrimination towards the Jews had seemingly come to a halt in 1936; this was only a mere faade of Hitlers malicious reign during the Berlin Olympics. In 1937, the colossal extent of Nazi cruelty towards the Jews and the immense extent to which racial policies had targeted the Jewish community were re-emphasised as the Anti-Semitic campaign resumed with even greater ferocity. Before 1937 attacks on the Jews were the works of the SA and the SS but in 1937 it became legitimised by the state. The enormous extent to which the Nazi Policies were an attack upon the Jews was blatantly evident in the policy of Aryanisation of economic life. This was a policy where Jews were forced from economic life. Jewish businesses either had to be registered or seized to run at all. These new racial policies also deprived Jews of leisure activities preventing Jews from entering theatres, restaurants, public parks and holiday resorts. Frank Bojohr speaks of the economic exclusion of Jews in his book titled Aryanisation in Hamburg stating: They could no longer take part in German society, they became lower than the peasants of a feudal hierarchy This modernist historians account expands our understanding of the complex notion of Aryanisation; the process by which the Nazis robbed the Jews of their economic livelihood. It is a searing book that presents a lucid and riveting analysis of the economic discrimination of the German Jews and it also chronicles how a large proportion of Aryan Germans came to see economic exclusion and expropriation as legitimate and desirable projects. Thus, this demonstrates that the Nazi racial policies were headed toward the Jews to a gigantic extent. In addition to these economic regulations and restrictions on daily activities, Jews were required to have a red J stamped on their passport. Jewish doctors could no longer treat German patients, and a law issued in August 1938 which required Jews to add the names Israel or Sarah to their middle names. This necessity for Jewish identification reveals the way in which the Jewish people of Germany were isolated and thus the profound degree of which the Nazi Racial Policies were centred on the Jews. This is an example of a Jewish passport during 1938. The 9th of November 1938, the night of the broken glass saw 90 people killed, almost 1000 Jewish shops and businesses looted and 191 synagogues burnt down. This night marked a critical point in the Nazi policy towards Jews where in response to the murder of a Nazi diplomat in Paris by a Jewish student, the Nazis launched a systematic attack on Jews in Germany. It was the most violent outburst against the Jews before the start of the

war and as a consequence the Jewish community was made to pay 30 million Reich marks whilst the Nazis rounded up 20 000 Jewish men and boys and placed them in concentration camps. It could be marked as the starting point of the Holocaust. Susan Taub gives a vivid account of the events of Kristallnacht. Her account is a primary source and is a recollection of her memory of the event. It accurately reflects the impact of the attack on the Jewish community and is useful in understanding the great extent to which Nazi racial policies reflected against the Jews. As it relies on memory naturally the account does contain gaps, thus is not completely credible but nevertheless reveals the event of Kristallnacht demonstrating the utmost horror of the event. The Nazi Racial policy towards the Jews became more radical with the outbreak of the War in September 1939, where it became difficult for Jews to emigrate and with the abrupt victory of the Germans between 1939 and 1941 millions of other European Jews were brought under the control of the Nazis and under this control the systematic killing began in Poland. Families that had lived in Poland for over 8 centuries were moved to ghettos and camps across the country. The largest ghetto was in Warsaw with over 400 000 Jews who were confined to a small area of the city; over 40 000 of them starved to death during 1941. A polish Jewish schoolboy, Abram Benek wrote in a letter to his mother during 1941 the stench of death and the sound of my stomache grumbling makes me continually sick, mother I wish I was with you. This is another primary source in the perspective of a child which is useful in examining life in the ghettos and is helpful in understanding the enormous degree of suffering that the Nazi government intended to inflict upon the Jews hence the great extent to which the Nazi Racial Policies reflected against the Jews. Later in the war the majority of Polish Jews moved from ghettos to extermination camps and major concentration camps like Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka and Majdanek. Abraham Foxman writes of the resistance in the concentration camps in his book entitled The Jewish Catastrophe in Europe, he wrote that surviving in a concentration camp for one day could be considered as a form of resistance in a system where the Jews had virtually no hope of surviving with their options being either death by starvation or death by extermination. He also writes of the extermination camp of Treblinka. The Treblinka camp was divided into 3 parts; the reception area, the living area and the . killing area. One section contained barracks that housed those Jewish prisoners selected from incoming transports to provide forced labor to support the camps function: mass murder. Ellie Wiesel provides a first-hand account of life in the Treblinka Camp stating the man in the concentration camp lost his identity and his individual destiny. He is an eloquent spokesman for the victims of the Holocaust and provides an insight into the utter brutality of the SS and SA authorities towards the Jews. They would align them in rows of almost 100 and shoot them next to the mass graves that they were digging for themselves. This level of violence reveals the ultimate degree of which the Nazis targeted and maliciously attacked the Jews.

*video This is a primary source of Renee Tully who was a survivor of the Auschwitz camp. It reveals the crucial impact that the sanguineous Auschwitz concentration camp had on its victims; with many killed at once, mass gassings and forced labour where many were beaten to death. Between 1942 and 1944 over 2 million people were killed in gas chambers which were disguised as shower rooms. Isolated, insulted, and beaten, deprived of every element of their lives; poisoned; dead. These are the consequences that the Jews had to face as a result of the Nazi Racial Policies. From Hitlers rise to Power till the end of 1944 the Nazi racial policies reflected against the Jews to a voluminous extent.