Focus on Concentrating Solar Power The state of the art of the technology

Futures e-project workshop:

Harmonisation and Coordination of European Renewable Electricity support mechanisms Options and Consequences for the Mediterranean Countries 1. October, Rome, Italy

Christoph Richter German Aerospace Center (DLR) - Executive Secretary SolarPACES

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FOCUS on CSP some PS10 Impressions

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Principle of a ConcentratingThermal Power Power Plant Conventional Solar Thermal Plant concentrated, storable solar thermal energy as fuel saver firm capacity, power on demand via storage or hybrid operation additional process heat for cooling, drying, seawater desalination, etc.

Concentrating Solar Collector Field Solar Heat Fuel

Thermal Energy Storage Electricity

Power Cycle Process Heat

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Concentrating solar technologies: basic layout schemes

Absorber Tube Absorber tube and reconcentrator Curved mirror

Curved mirror Pipe with thermal fluid

Linear Concentration

C: 100, T: ~ 500 C

Parabolic Trough
Receiver / Engine Reflector

Linear Fresnel
Solar Receiver

Point Concentration

C: 1000+, T: ~ 1000 C
Heliostats

Dish/Engine

Central Receiver
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Current projects, US: Nevada Solar One, 64 MW

64 MW Parabolic Trough Plant, Nevada, Startup 6/2007

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The SEGS Experience in California

Solar Efficiencies Measured at SEGS VI on July 1997 by KJC Operating Company
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Direct Normal Radiatiom [W/m]

1200

100

Direct Normal Radiation

1000

99

Efficiency [%]

Availability - %

Thermal Solar Field Efficiency

800

98

600

97

400

96

Solar to Electric Efficiency (gross)

200

95

1995

1996 III IV

1997 V VI

1998 VII

1999

0 05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00

High solar efficiency

High availability
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Plant layout Andasol

Campo S olar Sobrecalentador
Caldera (Opcional)

Turbina de vapor

Combustibe

Condensador

Generador de vapor Precalentador solar

Precalentador de presin baja

Recalentador solar Tanque de expansin

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Andasol 50 MW plant, power block and thermal storage tanks

2 tanks: = 36 m h = 14 m 28.500 tm molten salt 7,5 h storage a 50 MW

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Concentrating Solar Power Status of commercial technology

Parabolic Trough HTF: Thermal Oil Mature and commercially proven technology Competing products with similar dimensions Plant sizes: 14 80 MWe Power Tower Water/steam: First commercial systems (10/20 MWe) Molten salt: Commercial system under development (17 MWe) Air: Pre-commercial pilot plant under construction (1,5 MWe) Linear Fresnel Prototype systems with significant industrial engagement

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Development Stage CSP Technologies

Parabolic Trough

Solar Power Tower

Dish-Stirling

Linear Fresnel
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R&D for next steps: Solar Thermal Power Facilities Worldwide

PSA (E)

PSI (CH) Solar One (US)

CNRS (F) WIS (IL) WIS (IL) ANU (AUS)

CRTF Sandia (US)

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2008: 13 Members of IEA SolarPACES IA

SolarPACES is a worldwide coalition of 12 member EUROPEAN COMMISSION countries collaborating and sharing GERMANY FRANC SWITZERLAND E SPAIN USA information on technologyISRAEL development COREA ALGERIA MEXICO EGYPT and applications of concentrated solar Interested: Greece, energy
Austria, Italy, UAE, Namibia, Portugal
SOUTH AFRICA AUSTRALIA

COREA EGYPT ALGERIA AUSTRALIA

EU

FRANCE

ISRAEL MEXICO SOUTH GERMANY AFRICA

SPAIN

SWITZERLAND

UNITED STATES
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Parabolic Troughs - DSG

Erection of DISS Test Facility

T = 400C p = 100 bar l = 500 m (700 m) Pth 1,5 MW all operation modes are

realizable
more than 8000 operation

hours

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Parabolic Troughs DSG

Achievements
potential of cost reduction determined to be 11-15% (compared to HTF) feasibility proven at life size test-facility development of absorber tubes for T = 500C detailed engineering of first demonstration plant finished

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Parabolic Troughs DSG

Outlook
erection of demonstration plant development of storage system demonstrate feasibility of several parallel loops optimize operation strategy minimize investment

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Solar Towers
Increase power block efficiency
Power block already fully developed Increase operation temperature Use appropriate working fluid air water/steam molten salt sodium Change power cycle
G

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Solar Towers
Solar-hybrid gas turbine systems (SGT)

CC = 25 % (annual)

Rankine Rankine = 16 % (annual) = 16 % (annual)

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Parabolic Troughs & Solar Towers

Summary
1200 1000

Temperature [C]

800 600 400 200 0 PS-10 Trough (HTF) Trough (DSG) Tower (Salt) Tower (Na/Sn) Tower (Air/CC)
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R&D tasks

R&D concentrates on cost reduction of CSP systems One promising option is to increase operation temperature For trough systems 500C are realistic in the mid term For solar towers 1000C have been demonstrated SGT system has highest solar to electricity efficiency A standard technology is not likely for the future

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Options for process heat applications > 200 C

Collector area

Heat (hot water)

Steam manifold

Hotel complex Steam Absorption chiller Steam Air Space heating, laundry, food preparation

Steam generator Storage tank

Existing steam boiler

Chilled water system

conditioning

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Future HVDC Grid for long Distance Transfer as Complement to the Existing AC Grid for Local Supply

Wind Power Geothermal Hydropower Biomass Solar Power Conventional

HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission

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Thank you for your attention!

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