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Amplifiers (III)
December 8, 2005
Contents:
Reading assignment:
Announcement:
Key questions
VDD
signal source
RS
signal
vs + load
iSUP RL
vOUT
VGG -
VSS
Features:
• voltage gain 1
• high input resistance
• low output resistance
Cgd
G D
+
vbs=0
Cgs
+ vgs - +
RS
+ Cgd gmvgs Cdb ro//roc//RL=RL' vout
vs
- -
gmRL
Av,LF = ≤1
1 + gmRL
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 25-5
τi = RT iCi
ωH
Στi
Cgs
+ vgs - +
-
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 25-6
v
it + t -
1 2
+ vgs - +
node 1:
vt + vout
it − =0
RS
node 2:
vout
gm vgs − it − = 0
RL
also
vgs = vt
vt RS + RL
RT gs = =
it 1 + gm R
L
Time constant:
RS + RL
τgs = Cgs
1 + gm R
L
+ vgs -
it +
+
RS vt gmvgs RL' vout
-
-
RT gd = RS
τgd = Cgd RS
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 25-8
+ vgs -
it
+
RS gmvgs RL' vt
-
it
+
gm RL' vt
-
1 R
L
RT db = //R
L
=
gm 1 + gmRL
RL
τdb = Cdb
1 + gmRL
Notice:
RT db = Rout //RL
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 25-9
2 Bandwidth:
1 1
ωH =
τgs + τgd + τdb Cgs RS +RL + Cgd RS + Cdb RL
1+gm R 1+gmR L L
VDD
signal source
RS
VSS
signal
load
vs +
iSUP vOUT RL
-
VGG
VSS
Cgs
+ vgs - +
RS -
Cgs
+ vgs - +
RS
+ Cgd gmvgs Csb RL'//(1/gmb)=RL'' vout
vs
- -
gm RL”
Av,LF =
1 + gm RL”
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 25-11
ωH RS +RL” RL ”
Cgs 1+g m RL ”
+ Cgd R S + Csb 1+gm RL”
Simplify:
ωH
RS ( 1+gCmgsRL” + Cgd ) + Csb 1+gRmLR” L”
1
ωH
RS ( 1+gCmgsRL” + Cgd ) + Csb 1+gRmLR” L”
gm RL” 1
Cgs = Cgs(1−Av ) = Cgs(1− ) = Cgs
1 + gmRL” 1 + gm RL”
See in circuit:
iin C
+ +
+
vin Avvin vout
- -
-
CM = C(1 − Av )
if Av 1 ⇒ CM 0: bootstrapping
bootstrapping
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 25-13
2. Cascode amplifier
VDD VDD
iSUP1 iSUP2
signal source iOUT signal
RS load
vOUT1 VG2 VSS
RL
vs
iOUT1
VG1
IBIAS
VSS VSS
VDD VDD
iSUP iSUP
signal source iOUT signal
RS load
vOUT1 VG2 VSS
RL
vs
iOUT1
VG1
IBIAS
VSS VSS
VDD
iSUP
iOUT signal
load
VG2 VSS
RL
signal RS
source
vs
VG1
VSS
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 25-15
VDD
iSUP
iOUT signal
load
VG2 VSS
RL
signal RS
source
vs
VG1
VSS
RS Cgd1
+ ro2
+ -
vt
+ -
+
it
RS vgs1 gm1vgs1 gm2+gmb2
-
1 gm1
τgd1 =[ + RS (1 + )]Cgd1
gm2 + gmb2 gm2 + gmb2
τgd = [Rout + RS (1 + gm Rout )]Cgd
Cascode:
Casco de: excellent transconductance amplifier with high
bandwidth.
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 25-17
Key conclusions
• Common-drain amplifier:
– Voltage gain 1, Miller effect nearly completely
eliminates impact of Cgs (bootstrapping)
– if RS is not too high, CD amp has high bandwidth
• Cascode amplifier:
– effective sharing of current source
– Miller effect minimized by reducing voltage gain of
CS stage as a result of low input impedance of CG
stage
– transconductance amplifier with high bandwidth