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mobile
commerce
(m-commerce,
m-business)
Any
business
ac,vity
conducted
over
a
wireless
telecommunica,ons
network
or
from
wireless
handheld
devices
There
are
currently
over
3
billion
mobile
phones
worldwide
(Informa,
Nov
2007).
How
can
we
make
sense
of
this
huge
gure?
It
means
that
approximately
40%
of
the
worlds
popula,on
currently
carries
a
mobile
phone.
Access
to
Internet:
750
million
via
mobile
and
850
million
via
PC
ATTRIBUTES
OF
M-COMMERCE
Ubiquity
Convenience
Interac,vity
Personaliza,on
Localiza,on
DRIVERS
OF
M-COMMERCE
Widespread
availability
of
more
powerful
mobile
devices
The
handset
culture
The
service
economy
Vendors
push
The
mobile
workforce
Increased
mobility
Improved
price/performance
Improving
bandwidth
wireless mobile compuAng (mobile compuAng) Compu,ng that connects a mobile device to a network or another compu,ng device, any,me, anywhere
MOBILE
DEVICES
Mobile
computers
Laptops,
notebook
personal
digital
assistant
(PDA)
A
stand-alone
handheld
computer
principally
used
for
personal
informa,on
management
smartphone
A
mobile
phone
with
PC-like
capabili,es
LocaAon-Based
Services
use
global
posi,oning
system
(GPS)
to
nd
customers
or
clients
Voice-Support
Services
interacAve
voice
response
(IVR)
A
voice
system
that
enables
users
to
request
and
receive
informa,on
and
to
enter
and
change
data
through
a
telephone
to
a
computerized
system
voice
portal
A
Web
site
with
an
audio
interface
that
can
be
accessed
through
a
telephone
call
personal area network (PAN) A wireless telecommunica,ons network for device-to- device connec,ons within a very short range
wireless
local
area
network
(WLAN)
A
telecommunica,ons
network
that
enables
users
to
make
short-range
wireless
connec,ons
to
the
Internet
or
another
network
Wi-Fi
(wireless
delity)
The
common
name
used
to
describe
the
IEEE
802.11
standard
used
on
most
WLANs
Bluetooth A set of telecommunica,ons standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances
WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for making broadband network connec,ons over a medium-size area such as a city
wireless
wide
area
network
(WWAN)
A
telecommunica,ons
network
that
oers
wireless
coverage
over
a
large
geographical
area,
typically
over
a
cellular
phone
network;
based
on
speed
i.e.
2G,
3G,
4G
e.g.
Mobily
3.5G
e.g. Mobily Broadband @ Home is a service design to connect peoples homes to the Internet. It runs over technology called WiMAX and Mobily has built its own new WiMAX towers across the Kingdom.
Source: Mobile Commerce: opportunities and challenges , A GS1 Mobile Com White Paper (2006)
1. Iden,ca,on keys are numeric codes that are used to iden,fy objects 2. Data carriers are physical representa,on that carries the numeric codes (such as a bar code or RFID tag) 3. Mobile devices are able to capture data from the data carrier 4. Network providers and technologies make it possible to exchange data across a network 5. Informa,on providers provide informa,on processing and transac,onal func,onality
Source: Mobile Commerce: opportunities and challenges , A GS1 Mobile Com White Paper (2006)
Numeric iden,ca,on codes are used to uniquely iden,fy traded items, loca,ons or services. Bar codes or RFID tags are used to represent these iden,ers so that the mobile devices can capture them. An owner of a mobile device scans the bar code or tag and captures the iden,ca,on code. A par,cular request is then issued by the mobile device and sent though a network to an informa,on provider. Informa,on processing takes place and the desired response is sent back to the mobile device.
Source: Mobile Commerce: opportunities and challenges , A GS1 Mobile Com White Paper (2006)
Adver,sing & Promo,on: adver,sing and promo,onal informa,on is sent direct to mobile phones Store Loca,on: a map is displayed on a mobile phone showing where consumers can buy a product In-store naviga,on: consumers nd products more easily when in a shop Comparison Shopping: consumers use their mobile phone to access informa,on about product characteris,cs and price for related products Informa,on & Extended Packaging: consumers access addi,onal informa,on about products through their mobile phone Data-rich products: consumers access informa,on about products through their mobile phones Self-Scanning: consumers in supermarkets use their mobile phone (rather than a device supplied by the supermarket) to scan products as they do their shopping
Authen,ca,on: mobile phones are used to check whether or not a product is genuine Payment: mobile phones are able to make payment anywhere, any,me Ticke,ng: mobile phones are used to distribute and redeem ,ckets Coupons: mobile phones used both to capture and redeem coupons and discounts Loyalty Schemes: mobile phones are used to send targeted promo,onal coupons Loyalty Cards: mobile phones replace physical loyalty cards Recall: mobile phones are used to access informa,on about product recall easily
Interac,ve TV: TV viewers can interact with whats happening on screen using their mobile phone Interac,ve Publica,ons: Publica,on readers can retrieve more informa,on using their mobile phone Catalogue shopping: mobile phones are used to place orders for products in a catalogue Trial of digital/non-digital media: mobile phones are used to trial books, magazines, music and video Personal Safety: mobile phones are used to alert current loca,on Text to voice: mobile phones translate text to voice for elderly or visually-impaired consumers
Source: Mobile Commerce: opportunities and challenges , A GS1 Mobile Com White Paper (2006)
Ordering: Mobile phones are used to reorder products with orders sent to the supplier in a standard format Delivery Conrma,on: Mobile phones are used to report or retrieve informa,on about the status of orders during the transport and delivery process Stock control: mobile phones can be used to keep track of stock and send updates to a central database Authen,ca,on: mobile phones are used to check whether or not a product is genuine Supply Chain Informa,on: informa,on about the supply chain processes is available via a mobile device Traceability: mobile phones are used to access traceability informa,on about a product Distributed teams/collabora,on: mobile phones are used by teams to work together more eec,vely
MOBILE
BANKING
to
check
balance,
monitor
transac,ons,
obtain
account
informa,on,
transfer
funds,
locate
branches
or
ATMs,
pay
bills
MOBILE
PAYMENTS
Payment
transac,ons
ini,ated
or
conrmed
using
a
persons
cell
phone
or
smartphone.
MOBILE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS Four classes of mobile marke,ng campaigns: 1. Informa,on program about products, news, interest 2. Entertainment program that produce value to customer and amusement through videos, music, games, personalised ringtones 3. Raes program provide prizes such as digital content or physical goods 4. Coupons program oer monetary incen,ves like discount, trail package
mobile
worker
Any
employee
who
is
away
from
their
primary
work
space
at
least
10
hours
a
week
or
25
percent
of
the
,me
Mobile
workers
can
be
divided
into
three
segments:
Mobile
professionals
(senior
execu,ves
and
consultants)
Mobile
eld
force
(eld
sales
and
service
technicians)
Mobile
specialty
workers
(delivery
personnel
and
construc,on
workers)
Solu,ons using
Mobile oce applica,ons Sales force automa,on (SFA) Field force automa,on (FFA) Mobile CRM (e-CRM)
Any
type
of
leisure
ac,vity
that
u,lizes
wireless
telecommunica,on
networks,
interacts
with
service
providers,
and
incurs
a
cost
upon
usage
MOBILE
MUSIC
AND
VIDEO
MOBILE
GAMES
Technology
Number
of
players
solo,
mul,players
Genre
ac,on,
puzzle,
skill,
sport,
racing,
locaAon-based
m-commerce
(l-commerce)
Delivery
of
m-commerce
transac,ons
to
individuals
in
a
specic
loca,on,
at
a
specic
,me
The
services
provided
through
loca,on-based
m- commerce
focus
on
ve
key
factors:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Loca,on
posi,on
of
object
or
people
Naviga,on
route
from
one
loca,on
to
another
Tracking
monitoring
movement
of
object
or
people
Mapping
specic
geographical
loca,on
Timing
,me
at
specic
loca,on
See www.mobily.com.sa
L-COMMERCE
INFRASTRUCTURE
Mobile
devices
tools
to
request
informa,on
such
as
transceivers,
mobile
phones
etc
Communica,on
network
network
transfer
user
data
and
service
request
from
mobile
terminal
to
service
provider
then
transfer
back
to
user.
Posi,oning
component
to
determine
user
posi,on
by
network
or
GPS
Service
or
applica,on
provider
to
service
user
request
Data
or
content
provider
supplier
of
geographical
or
loca,on-based
data
geographical
informaAon
system
(GIS)
A
computer
system
capable
of
integra,ng,
storing,
edi,ng,
analyzing,
sharing,
and
displaying
geographically-referenced
(spa,al)
informa,on
Worms
capable
of
spreading
through
mobile
phones
Open-air
transmission
of
signals
across
mul,ple
networks
opens
up
new
opportuni,es
for
compromising
security
E.g.
issue
of
Blackberry
service
Mobile devices are easily lost or stolen ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND HEALTH ISSUES
The isola,on that mobile devices can impose on a workforce Field service employees dispatched remotely visit the oce only briey at the start and end of each day, if at all Not easy to separate work and personal life on a cell phone, unless one is willing to carry two phones or two PDAs Health damage from cellular radio frequency emissions Monitoring sta movements based on GPS-enabled devices or vehicles
pervasive
compuAng
Invisible,
everywhere
compu,ng;
compu,ng
capabili,es
embedded
into
the
objects
around
us
Invisible
Compu,ng,
embedded
compu,ng,
augmenter
compu,ng,
ubiquitous
compu,ng
radio
frequency
idenAcaAon
(RFID)
A
short-range
radio
frequency
communica,on
technology
for
remotely
storing
and
retrieving
data
using
devices
called
RFID
tags
and
RFID
readers
RFID
Basics
An
RFID
tags
comprises
microchip,
antenna,
enclosed
within
a
plas,c,
silicon
or
glass.
An
RFID
reader
containing
a
radio
transmiqer
and
receiver
RFID Applica,ons Tracking and iden,fying people Tracking vehicles and commuters Tracking animals Tracking assets Tracking product inventory electronic product code (EPC) A product iden,ca,on standard that species the manufacturer, producer, version, and serial number of each (product) item and tag in the RFID in each object