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FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011 1
contents
OCTOBER 2011
CENTRAL FLORIDA EDITION
4
COVER STORY
DEPARTMENTS
21 FOR YOUR ENTERTAINMENT
35 CURRENT TOPICS
Many medical professionals and residents in East Central Florida may not be aware,
but the Halifax Health Center for Oncology in Volusia County ofers a very unique
cancer program. Tree aspects of the program that stand out are the long-standing
tradition with a Commission on Cancer accreditation since 1956, the unique talent of
the physicians and staf - and the technology including equipment, genetics and non
proft clinical trials.
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2 FROM THE PUBLISHER
9 PHARMACY UPDATE
10 MARKETING YOUR PRACTICE
12 MEDICAL MALPRACTICE ExPERT ADVICE
13 ORTHOPAEDIC UPDATE
14 HOT TOPICS IN DERMATOLOGY
16 DIGESTIVE AND LIVER UPDATE
19 WEALTH MANAGEMENT
22 FACIAL COSMETIC SURGERY
24 FERTILITY
26 PULMONARY AND SLEEP DISORDERS
FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011
FROM THE PUBLISHER
Publisher: Donald Rauhofer
Photographer: Donald Rauhofer / FloridaMD
Contributing Writers: Jennifer Miller, Sam
Pratt, RPh, FIACP, Ross Clevens, MD, , Harinath
Sheela, MD, Sijo Parekattil, MD, Matt Gracey,
Jennifer Thompson, Tom Murphy
Designer: Ana Espinosa
Florida MD is published by Sea Notes Media,LLC,
P.O. Box 621856, Oviedo, FL 32762. Call (407) 417-7400 for more
information. Advertising rates upon request. Postmaster: Please send
notices on Form 3579 to P.O. Box 621586, Oviedo, FL 32762.
Although every precaution is taken to ensure accuracy of published
materials, Florida MD cannot be held responsible for opinions
expressed or facts expressed by its authors. Copyright 2011, Sea
Notes Media. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part
without written permission is prohibited.
Annual subscription rate $45.
ADVERTISE IN FLORIDA MD
For more information on advertising in
the Florida MD Central Florida Edition,
call Publisher Donald Rauhofer at
(407) 417-7400,
fax (407) 977-7773 or
info@foridamd
www.foridamd.com
Email press releases and all other
related information to:
info@foridamd.com
PREMIUM REPRINTS
Reprints of cover articles or feature
stories in Florida MD are ideal for
promoting your company, practice,
services and medical products. Increase
your brand exposure with high quality,
4-color reprints to use as brochure
inserts, promotional fyers, direct mail
pieces, and trade show handouts.
Call Florida MD for printing estimates.
I
Iam pleased to bring you another issue of Florida MD Magazine. Its hard to imag-
ine anyone who is not familiar with the March of Dimes and the work they do to
always reinventing themselves to create new programs and services. Coming up next
month is the annual March for Babies. Its a wonderful team-building opportunity for
-
tions on how you and your family can join the march or how to form a team for your
whole practice. I hope to see some of you there.
Warm regards,
Donald B. Rauhofer
Publisher/Seminar Coordinator
FROM THE PUBLISHER
ADVERTISE IN FLORIDA MD
For more information on advertising in
the Florida MD Central Florida Edition,
call Publisher Don Rauhofer at
(407) 417-7400,
fax (407) 977-7773 or
www.oridamdmagazine.com
Send press releases and all other
related information to:
Florida MD Magazine
P.O. Box 621856
Oviedo, FL 32762-1856
PREMIUM REPRINTS
Reprints of cover articles or feature
stories in Florida MD are ideal for
promoting your company, practice, ser-
vices and medical products. Increase
your brand exposure with high quality,
4-color reprints to use as brochure
pieces, and trade show handouts.
Call Florida MD for printing estimates.
Publisher: Donald Rauhofer
Associate Publisher: Joanne Magley
Photographer: Tim Kelly / Tim Kelly Portraits,
Donald Rauhofer / Florida MD Magazine
Contributing Writers: Joanne Magley, Sam
Pratt RPh, Mitchell Levin, MD, Jennifer
Thompson, Vincenzo Giuliano, MD, David S.
Klein, MD, Stephen P. Toth, CLU, Jennifer
Roberts
Florida MD Magazine is published by Sea Notes Medical Seminars,
PA, P.O. Box 621856, Oviedo, FL 32762. Call (407) 417-7400 for
more information. Advertising rates upon request. Postmaster: Please
send notices on Form 3579 to P.O. Box 621856, Oviedo, FL 32762.
Although every precaution is taken to ensure accuracy of published
materials, Florida MD Magazine cannot be held responsible for
opinions expressed or facts expressed by its authors. Copyright 2010,
Sea Notes Medical Seminars. All rights reserved. Reproduction in
whole or in part without written permission is prohibited.
Steps for New Users:
1. Go to marchforbabies.org
2. Click JOIN A TEAM
3. Search for your team name in the
search box.
4. Click on your team name
5.
password for future reference.
Some keys to success: Ask your friends,
family and colleagues to support you by
reason why people do not donate is that
no one asked them to give (dont be shy)!
Emailing them is an easy way to ask.
Youre done! Your personal page has been
created for you and you are ready to begin
fundraising!
Join more than a million people walking in March of Dimes, March for Babies and
raising money to help give every baby a healthy start! Invite your family and friends
to join you in March for Babies, or even form a Family Team. You can also join with
your practice and become a team captain. Together youll raise more money and share
a meaningful experience.
When
Saturday, April 24th
7am Registration 8amWalk
Where
Lake Lily Park, Maitland
For more information on March
for Babies please call:
Phone: (407) 599-5077
Fax: (407) 599-5870
Central Florida Division
341 N. Maitland Avenue, Suite 115
Maitland, FL 32751
2 FLORIDA MD MAGAZINE - MARCH 2010
I
am pleased to bring you a new issue of Florida MD. Tis month as we focus on cancer, I was
looking for an appropriate charity or non-proft to feature in this column. I recently became aware
of Rock Pink which was a perfect ft. As you will read below, Rock Pink is an Orlando-based 501(c)(3)
charitable organization that, among other things, helps under-insured and non-insured Central
Florida residents to obtain breast screenings and initial treatments for breast cancer. Please join me in
supporting this wonderful organization and their eforts to help women in Central Florida.
Best regards,
Donald B. Rauhofer, Publisher
Rock Pink is an Orlando-based 501(c)(3) charitable organization that is on a mission to bring music and humanity together center
stage while raising breast health awareness and supporting local breast cancer programs. Organizations like Libbys Legacy, the Young
Survival Coalition, Florida Hospitals Eden Spa, and MD Anderson - Orlando are among those who have received fnancial and
volunteer support from Rock Pink. Trough these partnerships, we ofer: education to the unknowing and unaware, distractions
for patients during difcult and painful cancer treatments, dignity and improved self-image to those who have already undergone
cancer treatments, and the ability for under-insured and non-insured Central Florida residents to obtain breast screenings and initial
treatments for breast cancer.
Rock Pink is an all-volunteer organization and all members, including our Board and Ofcers, receive no compensation for their
time. All of the monies received by Rock Pink, after expenses, go towards our mission.
Rock Pink attends events each year, reaching tens of thousands of Central Floridians, in an efort to raise breast health awareness
and communicate the importance of early detection through our mantra, Get to Know Your Breasts.
SI ROBOTIC SURGERY
Halifax Health Medical Center has used the da Vinci Si
Robotic Surgery System for many surgical procedures including
gynecologic oncology procedures, general gynecologic procedures
and prostate procedures. Te da Vinci Si Robotic System is the
worlds only robotic surgical system with 3D high-defnition
vision.
FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011
8
Most surgeons using the da Vinci Si System agree that there
are numerous benefts to patients who have their procedures com-
pleted with the new technology, rather than having traditional
open surgical procedures. Tese include: smaller incision, less
pain, quicker recovery time, less blood loss, generally shorter hos-
pital stay and quicker return to normal activities of daily life. In
fact, a 2003 study found that da Vinci cut blood loss about 75
percent, reduced the time patients needed a catheter by 50 per-
cent and got patients out of the hospital quicker. Not everyone
requiring surgery will qualify for the da Si Vinci System. Te
best surgical method will be decided after careful consultation
between surgeon and patient. Patients at Halifax Health have ac-
cess to this option that can signifcantly reduce surgical impact,
hospital stays and recovery times.
THE CANCER RESOURCE IN CENTRAL
FLORIDA
Oncologists at Halifax Health possess decades of combined ex-
perience in treating patients with the latest and proven cancer
fghting treatments and therapies. Te center ofers outpatient
medical and radiation oncology services, a specialized gyneco-
logic oncologist, breast health and hereditary cancer risk assess-
ment, support groups, clinical research, screening and detection
services, Tumor Registry cancer data system and the Josephine
Field Davidson Cancer Resource Library.
At Halifax Health, cancer care is comprehensive and state-of-
the-art. Te Center for Oncology serves as the leading cancer care
provider in Volusia County, with a long history of treating all
types of patients and cancers. Accredited by the Commission on
Cancer since 1956, it ofers some of the most advanced oncology
and neurosurgical capabilities in the state as well as the country.
Whatever the cancer, physicians and staf at Halifax Health
Center for Oncology have the experience and expertise to help
patients become cancer survivors.
CONTACT INFORMATION:
Halifax Health Center for Oncology
303 N. Clyde Morris Blvd.
Daytona Beach, FL 32114
386.254.4211
halifaxhealth.org/oncology
Comprehensive Oncology care since 1956
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FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011 9
PHARMACY UPDATE
Sam, I Have Shingles, Now What??
Shingles is an acute infection caused by the herpes zoster virus,
the same virus that causes chickenpox. It is most common after
the age of 50 and the risk rises with advancing age. Shingles oc-
curs because of exposure to chickenpox or reactivation of the her-
pes zoster virus, which remains dormant in nerve roots for many
years following chickenpox. People with shingles are contagious
to others who have NOT had chickenpox and they can catch
chickenpox from close contact with a person who has shingles.
Shingles is a very painful condition that involves infammation
of sensory nerves. It causes numbness, itching or pain followed by
the appearance of clusters of little blisters in a strip pattern on one
side of the body. Te pain can persist for weeks, months or years
after the rash heals and is then known as post-herpetic neuralgia
(PHN), a condition that can be more painful than shingles.
Treatment includes antiviral (acyclovir, famciclovir, or valacy-
clovir) and pain medication. Te antiviral medications are efec-
tive only if given early, usually 24-72 hours after a rash devel-
ops. Each patient may experience slightly diferent symptoms of
shingles, therefore use of compounded medications allow for the
personalization of appropriate ingredients to treat each patient
individually. Studies have suggested that the more severe and
painful the shingles rash is, the greater the chance of long-lasting
PHN. Reducing the possibility of developing PHN is another
reason to treat the symptoms aggressively as soon as possible.
Dosage forms can be modifed in strength and vehicle to meet
the individual needs of each patient. One topical treatment com-
bines the following ingredients:
Ketoprofen: Non-steroidal anti-infammatory
Lidocaine: Local anesthetic
Carbamazepine: NMDA and Sodium Blocking
Amitriptyline: Reduces nerve pain by blocking NE reuptake
2-deoxy-D-glucose: Reduces the viruss ability to replicate
Glycosylated proteins are not required for the herpes simplex
virus to attach but do increase viral penetration and infectivity.
Te 2-deoxy-D-glucose has been shown to decrease the viruss
ability to replicate by reducing surface glycoproteins, thereby al-
tering the interaction between the virus and the cell. One study
showed a reduction of 65-70% in the amount of glycoproteins
entering the cell. Without these glycoproteins, the cell depletes its
ATP, a source of energy used by the cell to replicate.
While vaccination can prevent a person from ever contracting
shingles, compounding medications of-
fers options if a patient develops shingles.
Initiation of therapy at in the rash or blis-
ter stage is critical for optimal outcomes.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6293188
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0042682282903002.
Carin Duncan Bralts, PharmD Candidate University of
Florida is currently on rotation at Pharmacy Specialists.
Currently, Sam Pratt, RPh, FIACP at Pharmacy Special-
ists is the only Full Fellow of the International Academy of
Compounding Pharmacists in the Central Florida area. Call
Pharmacy Specialists to check with a clinical pharmacist for
suggestions and reccomendations. For additional informa-
tion please call (407)260-7002, FAX (407) 260-7044, Phone
(800) 224-7711, FAX (800) 224-0665.
By Sam Pratt, RPh, FIACP and Carin Duncan Bralts, Pharm D Candidate
FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011 10
MARKETING YOUR PRACTICE
To Pay or Not to Pay: Are Lobby
Videos Really Worth It?
By Jennifer Thompson, President of Insight Marketing Group
Lets be honest with each other for a second: waiting around is
a large part of the patient experience when they come to your of-
fce. I know, I know you do everything you can to maximize ef-
fciency and minimize wait times for patients who doesnt? Te
fact of the matter is they still wind up waiting. Whether its for
60 seconds or 25 minutes, what are you doing during that time
to keep them informed and entertained? Aside from magazines
and brochures, many ofces have a television in their lobbies.
Te question then becomes, is it worth it to have custom content
created?
Te answer is unfortunately not clear cut, depending on several
factors we will explore below. In my professional opinion (what-
ever thats worth) patient waiting time no matter how long
should be turned into a valuable learning experience. Whether
that means posters, brochures and/or a professional video loop is
up to you and your staf.
INFORMED PATIENTS = INCREASED APPOINTMENTS
Te two biggest benefts to having a lobby video for your prac-
tice are that informed patients will generally make more appoint-
ments because they know whats available to them, and on top
of that, theyll stay loyal because they feel as if they know you.
Videos are a great way to splice in entertaining patient education
pieces, facts about your practice and all the services you ofer your
patients never knew about. Its also an easy way to gently repeat
a call to action telling them to schedule their next appointment
several times in just a few minutes.
YOU GET WHAT YOU PAY FOR
If you choose to do custom videos, youll obviously want to
make sure theyll hold your patients full attention and contain
professionally produced, high quality clips. Tis is one of the
most difcult aspects of choosing to do a custom lobby video be-
cause if the patient doesnt pay attention, you wasted your money.
Youll want to go with a reputable company that has experience
producing these kinds of videos for healthcare ofces so that you
are all on the same page, trying to reach the same audience with
the same message.
Te video clips should be tastefully produced, easy to under-
stand, visually interesting and brief. Youll lose interest if your
videos are longer than just a few minutes so keep in mind the
sheer quantity of clips, tips and health information youll have
to prepare to have a decent video playing if youre doing it all on
your own. Tat said, when your content achieves the goals it set
out to do, it can be one of the most important in-house market-
ing pieces youve ever invested in.
ALTERNATIVES TO COMPLETELY CUSTOM VIDEOS
Although youll be able to stress your exact message in a com-
pletely custom video, they are rather expensive (not to mention
the headache of trying to coordinate
footage and interviews with multiple
doctors in one practice). Te alterna-
tive to custom video is semi-custom
loops, which are already created. Tere are two options if youre
interested in this route: subscription services and DVDs.
Subscription services allow you to pull from a library of
canned content and splice in your own either text or video
based, depending on your service provider and the plan you have
with them. Most of them will even impose your logo on the vid-
eos to give it more of an authentic feel; and you have complete
control over what clips and facts are displayed to patients. Te
downside is that the content can be limited and you may not
be able to create a message that cross-promotes your other ser-
vices. Tese services will also require that your TV(s) of choice be
hooked up to a high-speed internet connection.
Te other option is to order DVDs that come complete with
content. Tese, like the subscription services, show canned foot-
age and clips with your logo imposed on them. Tis is the cheap-
FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011 11
est route to take and thus the least customizable. In other words,
to change the DVD content, youll have to order more. Some
services will allow for you to send in information and clips to
help cross-promote or show interviews with doctors/patients, but
that option comes with a steeper price tag. Some positives are that
the DVDs are set to continuously loop and all youll need to play
them on your respective TV(s) is a DVD player.
THINGS TO CONSIDER
If you choose to have a lobby video, make sure its long enough
so people in the waiting room dont see the content more than
once. Tats when theyll start to get irritated and, no matter the
length, suddenly feel as if theyve been there forever. You should
also consult with your stafyou know, the people who will have
to hear the video ten times a day. If theyre unhappy or annoyed,
the patients will know.
After reading this article about the pros and cons, ups and
downs and lefts and rights of creating a lobby video, hopefully
you now have a better idea of what youre going to do. Now the
only question you have to answer regarding a lobby video is if its
really worth it to you.
LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION?
Contact Jennifer Tompson today for a free consultation
and marketing overview at 321.228.9686 or e-mail her at
Jennifer@InsightMG.com.
About the Author: Jennifer Thompson is a Central Flor-
ida small business owner, serving as President of Insight
Marketing Group, a full-service marketing company fo-
cused on medical office marketing, community outreach
efforts, and grassroots public relations. In this capacity she
is responsible for developing and implementing the long-
term strategic vision for the organization, which includes
publishing Insight Magazine, the companys community-
based monthly news magazine, and hosting their weekly
small business networking/mentoring group, Coffee Club.
In November 2010, Jennifer was elected to the Orange
County Board of County Commissioners.
ORTHOPAEDIC UPDATE
Jeffrey P. Rosen, M.D.
Board Certifed in Orthopaedic Surgery
Specializing in Sports Medicine and
Joint Replacement
FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011 14
Collaborative Research and Targeted
Therapies May Offer New Hope
for Melanoma Patients
By Erica Mailler-Savage, MD
Every eight minutes, someone in the United States is diagnosed
with melanoma, and in 2010, 8,700 patients are expected to
die from melanoma. Tus far, treatment with chemotherapy,
immunotherapy, and radiation has been less than promising. It
has been over a decade since a new drug has been available to treat
metastatic melanoma, but in 2011, two new targeted therapies,
ipilimumab and PLX4032, are expected to be FDA approved.
Ipilimumab, owned by Bristol Myers-Squibb, is a monoclonal
antibody that blocks CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen
4), a helper T-cell marker that inhibits cytoxic T-cell activation,
masking the tumor cells from the bodys T-cell immune response.
Ipilimumab is the frst drug that has shown overall survival beneft
in melanoma in a Phase III trial, yet only 24% of patients were
still living after 2 years. Ipilimumab is also being researched for
use in small cell and non-small cell lung cancer and metastatic
hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
PLX4032, owned by Genentech/Roche, is a BRAF inhibitor.
About 50% of melanoma patients have a mutation in BRAF, an
anti-apoptotic protooncogene. Tis selective inhibitor induces a
response in about 90% of patients with a BRAF mutation, with
partial or complete regression of tumors. Unfortunately, most
patients relapse after 7 months, likely because a second separate
mutation fuels the cancers growth.
With the introduction of these two new drugs has also come
a novel collaboration, born out of the growing realization
that there is likely no single drug that will be the bullet to kill
melanoma. Combination therapy, similar to the treatment of
HIV with cocktail regimens, will likely be the only solution.
Earlier this year, the Melanoma Research Foundation
(MRF) announced a new consortium, the Melanoma Research
Foundation Breakthrough Consortium, which brings the
research community and pharmaceutical companies together to
pool knowledge and resources in the hope of generating new
breakthroughs in the treatment of melanoma more rapidly than
before.
Te MRF Breakthrough Consortium brings 10 academic
centers that specialize in melanoma together with the major
pharmaceutical companies that have promising individual
therapies for melanoma, breaking down barriers that normally
hinder collaborations between companies and the research
community.
It is currently standard practice for pharmaceutical companies
to have a drug approved individually before testing it in
combination with other therapies, especially if it is a competitors
drug. Since it is not uncommon to invest nearly a billion dollars
to develop new drugs, it is in a companys fnancial interest not
to collaborate. What if, for instance, Company As drug is safe,
but when combined with Companys B drug, it creates toxic side
efects that then renders it unsafe?
Te Consortium also allows researchers to partner together to
conduct laboratory research and clinical trials, and to share data
and information. In a competitive environment of tenure and
research grants, it is currently not in the research communitys
interest to collaborate either.
In addition, academic institutions often do not have the capacity
to test investigative drugs without support from pharmaceutical
companies, and pharmaceutical companies have not been able
to test combination therapies of investigational drugs without
support from research and academic institutions. Cooperation
between academia and industry will allow systematic testing of
Melanoma
HOT TOPICS IN DERMATOLOGY
FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011 15
Dr. Varnagy is a bilingual board-certifed Vascular Surgeon who specializes in minimally
invasive arterial and venous disease treatments, lower extremity revascularizations,
and carotid and aneurysm repairs. As an internationally-acclaimed expert, Dr Varnagys
work has been published in numerous medical journals and holds highly regarded
positions within the most prestigious societies.
To refer a paTienT, call 407-303-7250
Se Habla Espaol
2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 402 | Orlando, FL 32804
www.Vascincf.com
Specialties:
Circulation disorders
Arterial aneurysms
Endovascular treatment of thoracic
& abdominal aortic aneurysms
Peripheral vascular disease
Carotid artery disease
Aortic, mesenteric, renal &
peripheral arterial reconstruction
Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms
State-of-the-art capabilities
Non-invasive, diagnostic testing
Minimally invasive arterial &
venous therapy
Open surgical techniques
Alan Wladis, MD and Mark
Ranson, MD proudly welcome
DaViD Varnagy, MD, facS
to their team of dedicated arterial
and vein specialists.
FPMG_11_3418_VICF_Varnagy_FLA_MD.indd 1 8/18/11 11:21 PM
HOT TOPICS IN DERMATOLOGY
combination therapies in a more efcient
and cost-efective manner.
Unfortunately, since the creation of
the Breakthrough Consortium, a new
challenge faces the academic and phar-
maceutical communities the design of
the clinical trials themselves. As a recent
New York Times article heartbreakingly
elaborated in its story of two cousins with
melanoma, one who lived after receiving
PLX4032 and one who died after be-
ing placed on dacarbazine in the control
arm of the study, the research commu-
nity may need to reconsider how research
with these drugs is done.
Defenders of the traditional randomized
controlled non-crossover clinical trial note
the research communitys past experience
with bone marrow transplants and breast
cancer. Bone marrow transplants seemed
so efective initially that breast cancer
patients were calling for them to be
ofered to all patients, but a later clinical
trial showed that they were less efective
than chemotherapy and in some cases
caused death.
Opponents feel that PLX4032 is in a
diferent category, as no other drugs for
melanoma have been efective, and that
patients should be able to cross over to
PLX4032 in the studies if they are not
doing well on the dacarbazine, which is
known to be inefective. Complicating
matters more, Roche recently announced
that they would not be willing to ofer the
drug for compassionate use, citing fears
that prospective trial candidates might
undergo chemotherapy just to qualify for
the drug without undergoing the trial.
Despite the newest challenge for the
Breakthrough Consortium, it is clear with
these two new targeted therapies that we
are closer to an efective treatment for
metastatic melanoma. With increased
collaboration, and a dedication to patients
and science instead of self-interest,
metastatic melanoma patients can have
greater hope than ever before.
Erica Mailler-Savage, MD, is a board-certifed Dermatologist and fellowship-
trained Mohs surgeon specializing in skin cancer removal. Her practice,
Comprehensive Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, recently opened
in Winter Park, Florida. Prior to moving to Winter Park, Dr. Mailler-
Savage was a practicing physician and clinical instructor at the University
of Cincinnati. She may be contacted at (407) 339-7546 or by visiting www.
comprehensivedermorlando.com.
FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011 16
Disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may be associated
with osteoporosis. Pathophysiologic factors specifc to GI diseases
include the frequent onset of IBD and celiac disease in childhood
or young adulthood; impaired absorption of nutrients vital to
bone health, such as calcium and vitamin D; the use of glucocor-
ticoids in the treatment of IBD; and the chronic infammatory
state of IBD and untreated celiac disease.
Te development of bone densitometry has made it possible to
measure bone mass and assess its contribution to fracture risk. It
is generally accepted that bone mass is the single best predictor of
in vitro skeletal strength and of fracture risk. Dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry (DXA) is the current gold standard technique for
measuring bone mass. Measurements are usually obtained at the
femoral neck and lumbar spine, and less often from the forearm
and total body. Bone mass measurements are typically reported
as Z score, refecting the number of standard deviations (SDs)
above or below the mean for an age-matched population, or T
score, refecting the number of SDs above or below the mean for
a young adult population (corresponding to peak bone mass).
Caution must be exercised when extrapolating data from DXA
in the postmenopausal state to DXA in GI diseases. Tere is no
consensus on the diagnosis of osteoporosis in men or even on the
appropriate reference population for generating the T score. Te
use of serum and urine measures of bone metabolism is largely
confned to research studies. A complete blood count, serum to-
tal alkaline phosphatase level, calcium level corrected for serum
albumin level, creatinine level, testosterone level (in males), and,
in selected cases, 25-(OH)-vitamin D level and protein electro-
phoresis can be reliably measured in most hospital laboratories
and should be obtained in patients with suspected skeletal com-
plications of GI disease to screen for other causes of low bone
density.
Te single most powerful predictor of a future osteoporotic
fracture is the presence of previous such fractures. Such factors
as advanced age, family history of osteoporosis, lack of exercise,
smoking, and hypogonadal states increase the risk of osteoporo-
sis in patients with GI disease and the general population alike.
Other risk factors that warrant consideration in patients with GI
disease include malnutrition, low body weight, low intake or ab-
sorption of dietary calcium and vitamin D, and corticosteroid
use.
SUMMARY OF BONE DISEASE IN
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
1. Osteomalacia and vitamin D defciency are not common in
IBD (including Crohns disease) and are unlikely to be im-
portant causes of most cases of diminished bone mineral den-
sity (BMD) in IBD (level B evidence).
Osteoporosis in Gastrointestinal
Disease
2. IBD has only a modest efect on
BMD, with a pooled Z score of 0.5
(level A evidence).
3. Te overall prevalence of osteoporosis (T score <2.5) using
DXA is approximately 15%, but is strongly afected by age,
being higher in older subjects (level A evidence).
4. At diagnosis, the prevalence of diminished BMD is low (level
B evidence) and when followed longitudinally, changes in
BMD are similar to those expected (level B evidence).
5. DXA is a marker of diminished bone mass and fracture risk,
but is not the only marker of fracture risk and should be used
to predict fracture risk in concert with other clinical variables
(level D evidence).
6. Males and females are at similar risk for osteoporosis (level A
evidence).
7. Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis carry comparable risks
for osteoporosis (level B evidence).
8. Corticosteroid use is the variable most strongly associated
with osteoporosis (level A evidence). However, it is difcult
to distinguish corticosteroid use from disease activity in terms
of causal impact on bone density, because the 2 are closely
linked.
9. Biochemical bone markers do not correlate sufciently well
with current BMD or rate of bone loss for routine use (level
B evidence).
10. Te ileoanal pouch procedure after curative colectomy in ul-
cerative colitis may be associated with an improvement in
DXA (level C evidence).
11. Calcaneal ultrasonography has not been as well evaluated as
DXA, but possibly could help select patients for DXA (level
B evidence).
12. Pediatric DXA should be adjusted for bone age, or else BMD
will typically be underestimated (level B evidence).
13. Te overall incidence of fractures in a population-based study
is 1 per 100 patient-years, but this rate is strongly afected
by age, being more common in subjects over age 60 (level A
evidence).
14. Te overall relative risk of fractures is 40% greater than that
of the general population and increases with age (level A evi-
dence).
15. Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis carry comparable risks
for fracture (level A evidence).
16. Males and females share a comparable risk for fracture (level
A evidence).
By Harinath Sheela, M.D.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER UPDATE
FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011 17
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER UPDATE
SUMMARY OF BONE DISEASE IN CELIAC DISEASE
1. Osteoporosis is more common in patients with untreated
celiac disease than in the general population (level A evi-
dence).
2. Vitamin D defciency is common in celiac disease, but the ac-
tual prevalence of osteomalacia in celiac disease is unknown
(level B evidence).
3. Among newly diagnosed patients, the prevalence of osteopo-
rosis using DXA is approximately 28% at the spine and 15%
at the hip (level B evidence).
4. In adults with a known diagnosis of celiac disease treated with
a gluten-free diet, the prevalence of osteoporosis detected us-
ing DXA is still increased compared with that in controls
(level B evidence).
5. At the time of diagnosis of celiac disease, children and adults
have similarly low BMDs; however, children are more likely
than adults to have fully restored bone mass after a gluten-
free diet (level B evidence).
6. Patients with celiac disease exhibit an increased BMD after
initiating a gluten-free diet (level A evidence). Te greatest
increase occurs in the frst year (average of 5%), but fnal
BMD remains below average, with fnal Z scores of approxi-
mately 1.0 for the spine and 0.5 for the hip (level B evi-
dence).
7. Body mass index consistently correlates with BMD at both
diagnosis and follow-up (level A evidence).
8. Axial bone mass increases more than appendicular mass dur-
ing gluten-free diet therapy (level B evidence).
9. Subjects with asymptomatic celiac disease are at increased
risk for osteoporosis (level B evidence).
10. Te high prevalence of osteoporosis among patients with ce-
liac disease, in asymptomatic subjects, provides a rationale
for gluten-free diet therapy for those who do not have overt
malabsorption (level D evidence).
11. Males and females are at equal risk for osteoporosis; post-
menopausal females are at greatest risk (level B evidence).
12. Typical serological abnormalities that correlate with dimin-
ished BMD include elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH)
level and 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D and diminished 25-OHD.
Levels of 25-OHD, calcium, and possibly PTH should be
measured in newly diagnosed celiac disease and in patients
where elevated levels warrant increased attention to bone
health (level B evidence).
13. Te precise incidence of fracture in celiac disease is unknown
but is estimated to be 40% by age 70, which is more than
twice the expected incidence for the general population (level
B evidence).
14. Te value of calcaneal ultrasound as a screening test for frac-
ture risk in celiac disease is unknown (level D evidence).
15. DXA is a marker of diminished bone mass but is not a proven
marker of fracture risk in patients with celiac disease (level B
evidence).
SUMMARY OF BONE DISEASE IN
POSTGASTRECTOMY STATES
1. Postgastrectomy patients typically have a number of risk fac-
tors for osteoporosis, and bone disease may not necessarily be
a sequela of the surgery per se. Nonetheless, postgastrectomy
patients are at risk for bone disease (level A evidence).
2. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia may both occur postgastrec-
tomy. Te incidence of osteomalacia is approximately 10%
20% (level B evidence). Te incidence of osteoporosis is un-
known but may be as high as 32%42% (level B evidence).
3. Postgastrectomy states are associated with an increased risk of
fracture and thus patients postgastrectomy should be evalu-
ated for possible underlying bone disease (level B evidence).
4. Tere is no diference in the risk of postgastrectomy bone dis-
ease between patients with a Billroth I procedure and those
with a Billroth II procedure (level A evidence).
5. Tere is no diference in the risk of postgastrectomy bone dis-
ease between partial gastrectomy and total gastrectomy (level
A evidence).
6. Tere is no apparent risk of postgastrectomy bone disease as-
sociated with acid-reducing procedures such as vagotomy in
the absence of gastrectomy (level B evidence).
7. Serum calcium and phosphate levels are most often normal in
postgastrectomy states, although calcium levels may be nor-
mal as a result of mobilization of calcium from bone (level A
evidence).
8. Serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP), vitamin D metabolite,
and PTH levels are variable in postgastrectomy states (level A
evidence).
MANAGEMENT
Tere is a paucity of therapeutic intervention studies specif-
cally aimed at bone health in GI diseases. Most therapy studies
of sufcient size are in populations of postmenopausal women or
corticosteroid-using patients who do not have GI disease. Tere
is a need for studies that assess interventions directed at improv-
ing bone health in patients with GI disease specifcally and that
use fracture prevention as endpoints.
Te following steps outline a possible approach to managing
osteoporosis in GI disease:
1. All patients should receive education on the importance of
lifestyle changes (e.g., engaging in regular weight-bearing ex-
ercise, quitting smoking, avoiding excessive alcohol intake),
as well as vitamin D and calcium supplementation (level D
evidence).
2. DXA scans should be selectively ordered in IBD patients based
on a thorough risk factor assessment (level D evidence).
3. DXA scans are likely unnecessary in patients with newly di-
agnosed uncomplicated pediatric celiac disease, but should be
considered for adults with newly diagnosed celiac disease 1
year after initiation of a gluten-free diet, to allow for stabiliza-
tion of bone density (level D evidence).
4. Patients who are at least 10 years postgastrectomy, especially
postmenopausal females, males over age 50, and patients with
low-trauma fractures should undergo DXA testing (level D
evidence).
FLORIDA MD - OCTOBER 2011 18
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER UPDATE
5. In patients with IBD and celiac disease, serum calcium level,
corrected for albumin, should be measured at diagnosis. In
IBD, celiac disease, and postgastrectomy states in which the
patient is found to be osteoporotic or has a low-trauma frac-
ture, screening for other causes of low bone density should be
performed through a complete blood count, total SAP level,
calcium level, creatinine level, 25-(OH) vitamin D level, pro-
tein electrophoresis, and testosterone level (in males) (level D
evidence).
6. Serum measurements of PTH are unnecessary unless a patient
is found to have an abnormal serum or urinary calcium level
(level D evidence).
7. Implementation of a gluten-free diet in celiac disease and cor-
rection of nutritional defciencies is necessary in all GI dis-
eases (level A evidence).
8. Corticosteroid dosing in IBD should be kept to a minimum,
and other immunomodulatory agents should be considered to
help withdraw patients from corticosteroids once corticoste-
roid dependence becomes evident (level D evidence in IBD;
level A evidence regarding fracture risk reduction by minimiz-
ing the corticosteroid dosage for other non-GI diseases).
9. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation should be given to
those deemed to be at high risk for osteoporosis or with prov-
en osteoporosis. Younger men and premenopausal women
require 1000 mg/day of elemental calcium, whereas men and
women over age 50 require up to 1500 mg/day. Vitamin D
400 to 800 IU/day is usually an adequate replacement dose
in healthy individuals; it can be obtained from many multi-
vitamin preparations (level D evidence in GI disease, level B
evidence regarding nonvertebral and vertebral fracture risk re-
duction by optimizing calcium and vitamin D intake in older
men and women).
10.Estrogen therapy has received FDA approval for the preven-
tion of osteoporosis in postmenopausal or hypogonadal pre-
menopausal women, but must be balanced against the signif-
cant risks (level D evidence in GI disease, level A evidence for
vertebral and nonvertebral fracture risk reduction in generally
healthy postmenopausal women).
11.A selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) has been
approved by the FDA for the prevention and treatment of
osteoporosis in menopausal women (level D evidence in GI
disease, level A evidence for vertebral fracture risk reduction
in osteoporotic postmenopausal women). A bone disease spe-
cialist should participate in the decision to choose a SERM in
patients with GI diseases.
12.Testosterone should be used to treat hypogonadism in males
(level D evidence).
13.Bisphosphonates are FDA-approved for the prevention and
treatment of osteoporosis in patients with known osteopo-
rosis, patients with atraumatic fractures, and patients who
cannot withdraw from corticosteroids after 3 months of use
(level D evidence in GI disease, level A evidence regarding
vertebral and nonvertebral fracture risk reduction in post-
menopausal women).
14.Nasal or subcutaneous calcitonin can be considered as an al-
ternative treatment approach when the preceding antiresorp-
tive agents are contraindicated or poorly tolerated (level D
evidence in GI disease, level A evidence regarding vertebral
fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women).
15.Fluoride is not recommended as treatment for osteoporosis
associated with GI disease (level D evidence in GI disease, no
consistent evidence for fracture risk reduction in postmeno-
pausal women.
Harinath Sheela, MD moved to Orlando, Florida after
fnishing his fellowship in gastroenterology at Yale Univer-
sity School of Medicine, one of the fnest programs in the
country. During his training he spent signifcant amount
of time in basic and clinical research and has published
articles in gastroenterology literature.
His interests include Infammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD),
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Hepatitis B, Hepatitis
C, Metabolic and other liver disorders. He is a member of
the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), the
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE)
and the American Association for the Study of Liver Dis-
eases (AASLD) and Crohns Colitis foundation (CCF).
Dr. Sheela is a Clinical Assistant Professor at the University
of Central Florida School of Medicine. He is also a teaching
attending physician at Florida Hospital Internal Medcine
Residency and Family Practice Residence (MD and DO)
programs.
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21
FOR YOUR ENTERTAINMENT
Te Orlando Philharmonic presents American Voices, the third concert in the 2011- 2012 Super Series, on Saturday, November 12
at 8:00 p.m. in the Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre, located at 401 W. Livingston Street, in downtown Orlando.
Maestro Christopher Wilkins leads the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra in this community collaboration for Te Zora Neale Hur-
ston Legacy Concert. Also on the program are the combined choruses of Te Negro Spiritual Scholarship Foundation Master Sing-
ers, under the direction of Edward Washington II, and the Florida Opera Teatre Chorus, under the direction of Robin Stamper.
Rooted in Florida soil and bursting with folk melodies of Appalachia and a Native-American name for the North Ameri-
can continent Zora Neale Hurston would have been proud of this musical celebration of our Central Florida culture.
-- Christopher Wilkins
Te concert features two compositions by Adolphus Hailstork: Celebration and the world premiere of Zora! Were Calling You (Eliza-
beth Van Dyke, librettist). Also on the program - Appalachia by Delius and the much-loved Appalachian Spring by Copland.
Zora Neale Hurston is known as an American folklorist, anthropologist and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance.
She was a seed for change in the Black culture especially in African-American feminist circles. She published four novels and more
than 50 published short stories, plays and essays but she is perhaps best known for her 1937 novel Teir Eyes Were Watching God. Ms.
Hurston moved to the Central Florida community of Eatonville when she was three years old. Eatonville has the distinction of being
the frst all-Black town to be incorporated in the United States. Troughout her life, her accomplishments and successes put the tiny
town of Eatonville in the spotlight as a sort of utopia and she glorifed the town in her stories as a place where black Americans
could be independent of the white culture and attain sovereignty amid the bigotry.
Te Negro Spiritual Scholarship Foundation Master Singers, under the direction of Edward Washington II, is a professional
ensemble of post-secondary singers of all ages and backgrounds. Using a repertoire of arranged Negro spirituals and other selected
works, the Master Signers ofers its mem-
bers performance opportunities along with
intellectual stimulation, professional devel-
opment and musical growth.
Te Florida Opera Teatre Chorus is
a young but growing opera company com-
posed of 40 plus professional, semi-pro-
fessional and student singers along with a
number of talented local residents who in-
dulge their passion for music and opera as
an avocation. Te chorus frst performed for
the Orlando Philharmonics production of
La Bohem in the spring of 2011 and will
be a part of its production of Verdis Rigo-
letto in the spring of 2012. Tey are led by
Florida Opera Teatres Chorus Master and
Music Director, Robin Andrew Stamper.
Te Super Series is sponsored by Darden
Restaurants Foundation, the Concert
is sponsored by Te Pabst Charitable
Foundation for the Arts and the Na-
tional Endowment for the Arts.
For tickets call the Orlando Philhar-
monic Box Ofce at (407) 770-0071 or
visit online at www.OrlandoPhil.org.
Box Ofce hours are Monday Friday,
9:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
robot.
- Dr. Kelly Molpus
At Halifax Health, Im able
to treat patients in a manner
that is better than I couldve
hoped for.
- Dr. Walter Durkin
You need compassion for
patients to support them
and I enjoy working with
my patients.
- Dr. Abdul Sorathia
We lead the state in
multidisciplinary cancer
care and the Novalis Tx
is a continuation.
- Dr. Brad Factor
The goal is to deliver the
best care in a kind and
thoughtful manner.
- Dr. Richard Weiss
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