1G, 2G, 3G, 4G

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1G, 2G, 3G, 4G
Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they're spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular; Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, just starting to make a place for itself in the world, and the new baby on the way, 4G. Most families have a rich history of great accomplishments, famous ancestors, skeletons in the closets and wacky in-laws. The wireless scrapbook is just as dynamic. There is success, infighting and lots of hope for the future. A brief look at the colorful world of wireless phone standards First of all, this family is the wireless telephone family. It is just starting to compete with the wireless Internet family that includes Wi-Fi and the other 802 wireless IEEE standards. But it is a completely different set of standards. The only place the two are likely to merge is in a marriage of phones that support both the cellular and Wi-Fi standards. Wireless telephone started with what you might call 0G if you can remember back that far. The great ancestor is the mobile telephone service that became available just after World War II. In those precell days, you had a mobile operator to set up the calls and there were only a handful of channels available.
More on the history and evolution of wireless phone standards

Brush up with a fast guide to mobile telephone standards Take our 3G Crash Course Wireless 3G and 4G standards are central to business customers Even as 3G and 4G standards advance, traditional telecom pecking order remains Our one-stop shopping guide to mobile and wireless protocols An overview of the broad range of wireless standards Test your knowledge of wireless standards and protocols The big boom in mobile phone service really began with the introduction of analog cellular service called Analog Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) starting in 1981. This generation is 1G, the first for using cell technology that let users place their own calls and continue their conversations seamlessly as they moved from cell to cell. AMPS uses what is called frequency division multiplexing (FDM). Each phone call uses separate radio frequencies or channels. You probably had a 1G phone, but never called it that.

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The next generation, quick on the heels of the first, is digital cellular. One standard uses a digital version of AMPS called D-AMPS using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). A competing system also emerged using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). As you might suspect, the two are incompatible but you can have a phone that works with both. Europe embraced yet a third standard called GSM, which is based on TDMA. Digital transmissions allow for more phone conversations in the same amount of spectrum. They also lay the groundwork for services beyond simple voice telephone calls. Data services such as Internet access, text messaging, sharing pictures and video are inherently digital. This is where the whole "G" thing got started. The original analog and digital cellular services were invented to cut the wire on landline phone service and give you regular telephone service you could take with you. As such, the bandwidth they offer for adding data services is pretty meager, in the low Kbps region. Now that a cell phone is not merely a cell phone, but also a PDA, a messaging system, a camera, an Internet browser, an email reader and soon to be a television set, true broadband data speeds are needed. That new generation of cell phone service has been dubbed 3G for 3rd generation. Wireless evolution: The move to 3G, 4G and beyond 3G has proven to be a tough generation to launch. The demand for greater bandwidth right now has spawned intermediate generations called 2.5G and even 2.75G. One such standard is General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), which is an extension of the GSM digital cellular service popular in Europe. It offers download speeds up to 144 Kbps. 3G phones and services are just starting to come into their own. One service you'll find is called EVDO, which stands for EVolution Data Only. EVDO has download speeds up to 2.4 Mbps, which is faster than T1, DSL or Cable broadband service. There is also an evolution that includes voice called EVDV which is in the works. While 3G is going to enable telephones to also become Internet computers, video phones and television receivers, its maturity phase will find it competing with wireless VoIP telephone services on Wi-Fi, WiMAX, WiTV and the new wireless mobile standard 802.20, which doesn't seem to have a catchy name yet. The slug-fest between analog wireline phone service and wired VoIP seems likely to be continued on the wireless front. There is also an emerging cellular standard you should be aware of called 4G. The fourth generation being championed in Japan will boost the data rates to 20 Mbps. These speeds enable high quality video transmission and rapid download of large music files. The first 4G phones may appear as soon as 2006. That means we better starting thinking about what to do with 5G if this generation thing is going to continue. More information on cellular generation standards can be found in ourFast Guide to Mobile Telephone Standards and Protocols. You may also enjoy reading some telephone history. T1 Rex's Business Telecom Explainer offers easy to understand information about complex telecommunications and networking technology. T1 Rex explains how T1 lines work, VoIP telephone, PBX, virtual private networks, digital audio transport, Wi-Fi & WiMAX, fiber optic carriers and other business telecom services.

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John Shepler has been a published writer for over 30 years. With a background in electronics engineering technology, he has worked in a variety of industries including radio broadcast, aerospace and manufacturing. Involved in telecommunications since 1998, he combines his interests in writing and technology with T1Rex.com and T1 Rex's Business Telecom Explainer. Cell Phone Plans Finder offers online packages of cellular phone service, free cell phones and cash back deals that are often better than what you'll find in bricks and mortar cellular stores. Copyright 2003 - 2005 by John E. Shepler Contact me at John (at) T1Rex.com 11 Apr 2005 All Rights Reserved,Copyright 2003 - 2011, TechTarget | Read our Privacy Statement

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