Focus
Allergy Research Group® Newsletter
In This Issue
Glutathione from Whey Protein:
The Latest Developments . . . 1
The Fat Resistance Diet™ by
Leo Galland, M.D. . . . . . . . . . 2
In The Spotlight: Rye Grass
Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Cysteine-Containing Peptides
Offer Superior Absorption for
Glutathione Production . . . . .4
Comprehensive Ayurvedic
Herbs for Superior Blood
Sugar Stabilization . . . . . . . .7
Allergy Research Group®
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AllergyResearchGroup ®
March 2006
Dr. Leo Galland's New Fat Resistance Diet
Leo Galland, M.D., discusses his new book The Fat Resistance Diet™, and how to
use specific foods to combat leptin resistance, the underlying cause of the obesity
epidemic.
Turn to page 2 for more on Dr. Galland's new book.
In The Spotlight: Rye Grass Extract
Rye Grass Extract, a unique, multipurpose remedy used for asthma and immune
support.
Turn to page 3 for more on Rye Grass Extract.
Glutathione from Whey Protein:
The Latest Developments
Cysteine-Containing Peptides Offer Superior Absorption
With almost thirty years of research behind it, the use of whey protein for raising he-
patic glutathione levels to support patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, HIV, and
cancer, has evolved into some very high quality whey products. Research from such
groundbreaking doctors as Dr. Gustavo Bounous and Dr. Paul Cheney, M.D., Ph.D.,
have paved the way for breakthroughs in the world of whey. Now, a "next-genera-
tion" whey protein product has emerged from a technology utilizing a proprietary
live enzymatic process yielding a superior whey protein with cysteine-containing
peptides, which offers what we believe to be highly bioavailable glutathione precur-
sors. Such bioavailability makes it possible to reduce dosages from what used to be
10-20 grams per day down to 3.5 grams to produce desired results.
Turn to page 4 for more on Cysteine-Containing Peptides.
Comprehensive Ayurvedic Herbs
for Superior Blood Sugar Stabilization
Dr. Aditya Sharma, Ph.D., Clinical Ayurvedic Specialist and Herbalist, has utilized a
comprehensive combination of herbs and nutrients for blood sugar stabilization. His
approach includes a variety of well-documented Ayurvedic herbs with the addition
of alpha-lipoic acid, chromium and vanadium.
For more on Dr. Sharma's herbs & nutrients for blood sugar control, turn to page 7.
 The Fat Resistance Diet™
SUMMARY:
Chronic obesity results from resistance
to leptin, an auto-regulatory fat-de-
rived hormone, or adipokine. The ma-
jor cause of leptin resistance appears to
be the chronic low-grade inflammation
that is associated with obesity. This vi-
cious cycle: weight gain, inflammation,
leptin resistance and increasing obesity,
can be broken by a weight loss diet built
around anti-inflammatory foods. An an-
notated scientific bibliography support-
ing this dietary approach, with sample
menus and recipes, can be found in my
new book The Fat Resistance Diet™.
The discovery that fat cells
produce hormones (adipokines) re-
vealed that fat is a biologically active
tissue, not simply an inert storehouse
of unused calories. Through the ac-
tions of adipokines, excess fat by itself
can cause hypertension, diabetes, car-
diovascular disease, cancer, stroke and
osteoarthritis. More important, by pro-
ducing adipokines, fat regulates itself.
Adipokines can increase or decrease
appetite and metabolic rate, making
weight control easier or harder.
Leptin, the first adipokine, in-
forms the brain of the size of the body’s
fat stores, functioning as part of a nega-
tive feedback loop. When an animal or
human is overfed and begins to gain
weight, the increase in body fat leads
to increased leptin synthesis, which in
turn suppresses appetite and stimulates
fat burning, helping to restore normal
weight. The more body fat, the higher
the circulating levels of leptin. Obesity
results from the failure of leptin signal-
ing, a condition called leptin resistance,
which is analogous to the insulin re-
sistance that underlies type 2 diabetes.
When scientists at the University of Tex-
as developed a breed of rats that were
genetically protected against develop-
ing leptin resistance,
they found that they
To order Dr. Galland's new
 Focus March 2006 book or the ARG products he
recommends call: 800-545-9960
Using Food to Combat Leptin Resistance,
the Underlying Cause of the Obesity Epidemic
By Leo Galland, M.D.
could force feed the rats without mak- tion is promoted by dietary factors that
ing them obese. In all other respects, include trans-fatty acids, saturated fat,
these rats were the same as controls. a high omega-6/omega-3 ratio, refined
For humans, the major cause of carbohydrates and a corresponding
leptin resistance appears to be chronic lack of dietary fiber. Inflammation is
inflammation, a biochemical state in- also promoted by exposure to environ-
duced in the body through the actions mental pollutants like organochlorines
of cytokines, prostanoids, kinins and and phthalates.
other inflammatory molecules. Obesity I designed the Fat Resistance Di
itself adds to inflammation, because et™ as an anti-inflammatory weight loss
fat tissue produces inflammatory cy- diet, enriched with foods that reverse
tokines like TNF-alpha and interleu- leptin resistance by combating inflam-
kin-6. Chronically overweight people mation. Omega-3 fats, fiber, polyphe-
suffer from a vicious cycle of inflam- nols, carotenoids, isothiocyanates and
mation, leptin resistance, obesity, more sulfides are abundant. Saturated and
inflammation, greater weight gain. In omega-6 fats and the glycemic load are
this cycle, inflammation causes leptin carefully controlled. To make this diet
resistance indirectly, by stimulating appealing and attractive, I asked Jona-
the synthesis of blocking molecules than Galland, a gourmet cook, to de-
called suppressors of cytokine signal- sign and test delicious, easy to prepare
ing (SOCS). recipes and meal plans based on classic
To limit the damage produced American and international favorites,
by the inflammatory response, the adapted to meet exacting standards of
body offers a counter-regulatory, anti- nutritional quality. The food elevates the
inflammatory response, spearheaded science and makes it practical.
by anti-inflammatory
SOCS molecules. SOCS-1
and SOCS-3 interfere with
cells’ ability to respond to Dr. Galland recom-
leptin. SOCS-3 also blocks mends the follow-
the response to insulin
and is a key factor in insu- ing products avail-
lin resistance.
The SOCS coun-
able from ARG:
ter-regulatory response
is a major cause of leptin
resistance and a major fac- Metabolic Co-Factor
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of obesity. To turn off utilization and metabolism of essential fatty acids.* Developed
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chemicals that cause leptin
resistance, one has to turn SlimGreens
off the inflammation that Item #75690
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Research on several fronts tional support. Specially formulated by Dr. Galland for use with
has shown that inflamma- The Fat Resistance Diet™.
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*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These
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 In The Spotlight: Rye Grass Extract
What is Rye Grass Extract?
Rye Grass Extract (RGE) is a patent-
ed extract of the young rye plant,
Secale cereale L., which is harvested
while the rye grass is still green, and
at its peak in nutrient density. RGE
is produced in Australia, where it is
recognized as an over-the-counter
remedy for the temporary relief of
the symptoms of coughs, colds, flus
and sore throats by the Australian
Therapeutic Goods Administra-
tion.
The rye grass used in RGE is culti-
vated from biodynamically grown
Secale cereale grain. The biodynamic
preparations were developed as
indicated by Dr. Rudolf Steiner in
1924: a specific manure prepara-
tion ("cow horn") is used to enliven
the soil in which the Secale is grown
to increase the microflora content
and bioavailability of nutrients and
trace elements. While the biody-
namically grown Secale cereale plant
contains traditional nutrients, such
as proteins, amino acids, fatty ac-
ids, carbohydrates, vitamins and
minerals, it is also rich in beta-1,
3-glucan, squalene, coenzyme Q10,
phytoestrogens, genistein, daidze-
in, matairesinol, phytosterols and
sterolins.
RGE & Asthma
Study at John Hunter Hospital
In April 1999, the John Hunter Hos-
pital in New South Wales, Australia,
completed a controlled clinical trial
on the effectiveness of RGE on mild
to moderate asthma in adults. Dur-
ing the study, patients taking RGE
reported improvement in asthma
symptoms and general well-being,
as well as improved ability to ex-
ercise and significantly improved cells enhance the function of spe-
lung function. The researchers con- cialized cytotoxic cells, which kill
cluded in their report that clinicians off cells infected with bacteria or
may consider the use of RGE for pa- viruses. In HIV, for example, it is
tients who are seeking complemen- known that immune suppression
tary asthma therapies. is due to the body’s failure to make
sufficient lymphokines which stim-
RGE & Cancer ulate the activity of cytotoxic cells.
Study at University of Witwa-
terstrand, South Africa In 2001, the Journal of Orthomo-
lecular Medicine (Vol. 16, No. 3),
A study of RGE for anti-tumor ac-
published an article by Daniel Ru-
tivity in vitro using five cancer cell
bin, N.D., on RGE as a primary im-
lines was conducted in 2002 by the
mune activator. Dr. Rubin reported
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty
on five cases which clinically illus-
of Health Sciences, University of
trate the therapeutic effect of RGE
Witwaterstrand, South Africa. Re-
on people with HIV.
search professors Indres Moodley
and Ntyiso Shengwenyana report-
The article suggests that RGE's pos-
ed that RGE caused a concentra-
itive effect on the immune system
tion-related inhibition of cell prolif-
is via augmentation of the natural
eration in all five cancer cell lines.
defenses, and most likely includes
Calculated in percentages, the level
mobilization of the latent CD4+
of inhibition reached for each can-
leukocyte population.
cer cell line is shown below:
Cancer Cell Line Inhibition In all five cases, the T-cell count rose
and the viral load dropped after ad-
Liver Carcinoma 89% ministration of RGE. In addition,
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia 78% RGE improved patient tolerance to
Renal Cancer 52%
medication regimens, the side-ef-
Breast Cancer 89%
fects of which are often debilitating.
Liver Cancer 55%
The improved tolerance not only
enhanced quality of life, but also
The researchers stated that the level
improved patient compliance.
of inhibition was equal to or greater
than that produced by commonly
"My personal experience with RGE
used cytotoxic agents.
as a physician has been compelling
and I feel it is my duty to share this
RGE & HIV
clinical data which I believe repre-
Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine
sents an important marker for the
The Secale plant contains phytoster- well being and longevity of people
ols and sterolins. These plant fats, with HIV and AIDS. I believe that
when present together, have been RGE finds its strengths mainly in
shown to modulate the function of promoting quality of life and well
T-cells by enhancing T-cell division being, while effectively augment-
and their secretion of lymphokine- ing the immune system..." - Dan
activated killer cells. These killer Rubin, N.D.

Cysteine-Containing Peptides Offer Superior
Absorption for Glutathione Production
Whey protein extract/filtrate (WPEF)
is a new development in hydrolysed
whey protein powder that is specifi-
cally designed to support glutathione
production in the liver. Cysteine is an
important precursor to glutathione,
one of the most powerful antioxidant
nutrients. Research suggests that the
key active ingredient in WPEF, cyste-
ine-containing peptides, are easier for
the body to absorb.
Glutathione plays a major role in de-
toxification and is synthesized pri-
marily in the liver. There have been
a number of researchers over the
years that have suggested that glu-
tathione may be the missing link in
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Dr.
Paul Cheney is considered one of the
preeminent researchers in the etiol-
“Glutathione deficiency has been very refractory to
treatment, with very few strategies available. That has
changed significantly, however, with the advent of partial-
ly hydrolyzed/undenatured whey protein.”
Dr. Paul Cheney, M.D., Ph.D.
Leading Chronic Fatigue Researcher
ogy, pathophysiology and treatment
of CFS. Dr. Cheney has a “unifying”
concept that explains and integrates
the complex and diverse factors in-
volved in the pathogenesis of CFS,
including the defect in detoxication
and elevated xenobiotic toxicity: rela-
tive glutathione deficiency. In a 1999
presentation at a medical meeting in
Dallas, Dr. Cheney reported finding
glutathione deficiency in virtually
all CFS patients tested over the pre-
vious 10 years; one-half to one-third
of patients had below normal glu-
tathione levels (whole blood) while
the remainder fell in the very low
normal range compared to controls.
Additional evidence of the biologi-
cal importance of this phenomenon
 Focus March 2006
was demonstrated by concomitant
elevation of lipid peroxides (a good
indirect indicator of glutathione de-
ficiency) in the same subjects. (For
more on the history of CFS & whey
protein see opposite page).
Glutathione for Autism & Parkinson's
In the work of S. Jill James, et al. (Am
J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6):1611-7), it
was found that glutathione was de-
pleted in autistic children, and that
this resulted from a partial block in
the methylation (also called methio-
nine) cycle, and that this partial block
resulted in part from genetic varia-
tions in the genes for certain enzymes
and proteins associated with sulfur
metabolism, and that it interfered
with the conversion of methionine
to cysteine, which is the rate-limiting
amino acid for the synthesis of gluta-
thione. They found that by using cer-
tain supplements, they could lift the
block in the methylation cycle and
restore glutathione levels.
It has long been recognized that most
Parkinson’s patients manifest flaws in
their ability to detoxify various chemi-
cals to which they are exposed. Intra-
venous glutathione treatments have
been shown to considerably improve
some of the symptoms of Parkinson’s
disease including difficulties with ri-
gidity, walking, movement, coordina-
tion and speech. A marked reduction
of tremor has been observed as well as
a decrease in depression.
David Perlmutter, M.D. and Patri-
cia Kane, Ph.D., are among doctors
utilizing I.V. glutathione therapy.
Perlmutter, a pioneer in the therapy,
has developed a protocol used at the
Perlmutter Health Center. Dr. Perl-
mutter states that: “Eighty to ninety
percent improve dramatically. It’s
felt that the mechanism that allows it
to work is in increasing the sensitiv-
ity to certain receptors to dopamine.
Glutathione doesn’t raise dopamine
levels, but it allows the dopamine in
the brain to be more effective. Gluta-
thione not only increases sensitivity
to dopamine, but also to serotonin,
which may explain why many of our
depressed Parkinson's patients have
a remarkable improvement.”
Informal Human Trials
In informal product trials, 11 volun-
teers taking WPEF reported expe-
riencing improved energy, motiva-
tion, sleep, and mental alertness. The
subjects reported they felt increased
natural energy levels, which allowed
them to get more things done. Their
comments include the following:
“feels like a nice even flow of ener-
gy, not hyper energy”, “its not a fake
type of energy”, “just feeling better,
more energy”, “more alive, but don’t
know how to explain it.” After the
study was completed, many of them
wanted more WPEF for themselves
and for family and friends. Most of
the subjects began to notice the health
benefits of WPEF within 3 days to 1
week of taking it.
Animal Studies
In an independent animal study, rats
were fed a standard, casein-based diet
in which the supply of sulfur-con-
taining amino acids (GSH precur-
sors) was increased by 40%. The total
protein content of the diet was 20%, a
part of it (max. 50%) was replaced by
cysteine-containing peptides. In rats
given a reference diet low in cyste-
ine, the baseline levels were re-estab-
lished, whereas in the WPEF group,
almost two times more GSH was syn-
thesized. Higher amounts of cysteine
did not increase the liver glutathione
synthesis further because a feedback
level was reached.
In a second study, the researchers
wanted to determine the effect WPEF
would have on liver glutathione lev-
els after severe toxic and oxidative
stress. They discovered that when
glutathione binds to toxins in the
liver for detoxification, glutathione
levels can be completely exhausted,
even if there was a high glutathione
level before the challenge. In rats giv-
en WPEF, baseline glutathione levels
were re-established, with an increase
of 40%. These results indicate that
following a stressful condition, the
liver will attempt to produce more
glutathione, which can only occur in
the presence of increased amounts of
its limiting precursor, cysteine. The
researchers also observed quicker
restoration of liver tissue integrity af-
ter oxidative challenge. These stud-
ies demonstrate that glutathione lev-
els can be dramatically altered with
WPEF.
New Human Clinical Study: Effect of
WPEF after Oxidative Challenge by
Alcohol
In a 21-day placebo controlled, blind
study, human subjects consumed 40
g of alcohol (2 glasses of red wine)
per day on a controlled diet. The test
group received 3.4 g WPEF (1 level
tablespoon) per day, while the place-
bo group received 3.4 g of an amino
acid mixture identical to WPEF, but
without the key active ingredient
cysteine-containing peptides.
After 21 days, biomarkers were mea-
sured: urine F2-isoprostanes (F2IP),
a marker of lipid peroxidation, was
found to be reduced in the WPEF
group to a statistically significantly
degree. In addition, plasma C-reac-
tive protein (hsCRP), a marker for
systemic inflammation as well as a
cardiovascular disease risk marker,
was also found to be reduced to near
statistically significant levels. In light
of the fact that this was a small study,
this is an impressive result.
Alcohol was chosen as a model for
this particular study on oxidative
stress, but we believe that the ma-
jority of oxidative stressors could
be offset with the compound. Much
of chemical stress is oxidative. Even
emotional stress can precipitate oxi-
dative stress because of the auto-
oxidation of stress hormones. Infec-
tion can stimulate oxidative stress
through the free radical oxidative
burst of phagocytes. Physical trauma
can also precipitate oxidative damage
through iron and copper catalyzed
single electron transfers. Glutathi-
one is often considered by experts to
be the key antioxidant that the body
produces.
These results demonstrate that WPEF
reduces oxidative stress after hepatic
challenge (in this case, alcohol). The
results were presented by the manu-
facturer in December 2005, and are
set to be published in a peer-reviewed
journal in 2006.
More History on Whey Protein &
Chronic Fatigue
In 1978, Dr. Gustavo Bounous initi-
ated a novel research program to
search for a dietary protein source
that would boost the immune sys-
tem. In collaboration with colleague
Dr. Patricia Kongshavn, studies led to
the discovery of an undenatured se-
rum milk concentrate that sustained
normal glutathione levels and pro-
moted immune enhancing activity.
In 1993, subsequent identification of
the active ingredients present in this
protein mixture led to the produc-
tion of one of the more well-known
whey protein powders called Im-
“The new WPEF whey product is absolutely phenomenal. I
am very excited about it because raising liver glutathione
is so critical as the liver is the chief repository of glutathi-
one and seeds it to all the other key organs including the
intestines.”
Dr. Michael Rosenbaum, M.D.
munocal®. From 1978 to 1989, Bou-
nous and Kongshavn published 14
papers on their research (see www.
immunocal.com). Dr. Bounous origi-
nally patented the use of whey pro-
tein for HIV and cancer based upon
the fact that it enhanced glutathione
production. WPEF is an extension of
his work and the work of Dr. Paul
Cheney, however with WPEF, one
can take 3 or 4 grams for efficacy as
opposed to taking the 10 to 20 grams
needed with Immunocal®.
The Advantages of WPEF Supplementa-
tion
Glutathione fulfills most of its bio-
logical functions intracellularly. It
generally cannot be transported as
a tripeptide into cells. The transport
mechanism comprises the degrada-
tion of glutathione, coupled with the
transfer of free cysteine into the cell.
Therefore, to be effective, glutathione
supplements generally must first be
broken down to cysteine, absorbed,
and then re-synthesized by the liver
to fulfill glutathione’s many biologi-
cal functions. WPEF, which contains
cysteine-containing peptides, offers
a unique solution to this metabolic
challenge.
The whey proteins have captured
the attention of many innovative
physicians and appear to be a more
advanced method of glutathione
precursor supplementation over N-
acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Although
NAC is still a well documented and
proven way to enhance glutathione
levels, there have been reports of
stomach upset at higher doses. Of
the available whey protein products,
cysteine-containing peptides are a
more convenient method of supple-
mentation because they can be used
at much lower doses and have a neu-
tral taste, and are supported by both
animal and human studies. q

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 Focus March 2006

 Comprehensive Ayurvedic Herbs for
Superior Blood Sugar Stabilization
by Dr. Aditya Sharma, Ph.D., Clinical Ayurvedic Specialist, Herbalist
Dr. Aditya Sharma, Ph.D., has
over 20 years experience in the
nutritional and pharmaceutical
field. His expertise is in the for-
mulation of vitamins, minerals
and Ayurvedic herbs. He is also
a founder of the Geeta Ayurvedic
Healing Center in Southern Cali-
fornia. Dr. Sharma practices Ay-
urvedic medicine and also teaches
the principles of Ayurveda.
For many years, Dr. Sharma has uti-
lized a broad spectrum approach
using various Ayurvedic herbal
and nutrient adaptogens with his
patients for blood sugar stabiliza-
tion. According to Dr. Sharma, the
most common response of benefits
in patients occurs in 2-4 days, how-
ever, some patients require up to 2-3
weeks. Dr. Sharma also states that
the herbs are appropriate for all three
Ayurvedic doshas (Vata, Pitta and
Kapha). These herbs and nutrients
include: Trigonella foenum-graecum
extract (fenugreek), Gymnema sylves-
tre extract (gurmar), guggul extract,
green tea extract, Azadirachta indica
extract (neem), Eugenia jambolana
extract (jambu), Momordica charan-
tia extract (bitter melon), alpha-li-
poic acid, chromium polynicotinate,
vanadyl sulfate, bilberry extract, tur-
meric (curcumin 95%), cayenne pep-
per extract, banaba leaf extract, and
cinnamon extract.
The following is Dr. Sharma’s de-
tailed description of these com-
pounds and their actions:
Trigonella Foenum-Graecum
Extract (Fenugreek)
Fenugreek has a long history in
Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine
for numerous indications, includ-
ing labor induction, aiding di-
gestion, and as a general tonic to
improve metabolism and health.
Preliminary animal and human
trials suggest possible hypogly-
cemic and antihyperlipidemic
properties of oral fenugreek seed
powder.1
Fenugreek contains a number of
steroidal sapogenins. The alka-
loids trigonelline, trigocoumarin,
trimethyl coumarin and nicotinic
acid are also present. Mucilage
is a prominent constituent in the
seeds.2 Fenugreek has been men-
tioned in early literature as a hy-
poglycemic and anti-inflamma-
tory agent. Its effects as an oral
hypoglycemic have been evalu-
ated.3 Anti-ulcer properties have
been studied in rats.4 Hypocho-
lesterolemic and anti-inflamma-
tory effects have been observed,
forming the basis of its medicinal
use in rheumatic disorders and
spondylosis.5,6 It is used as an ad-
junct in diabetes mellitus, and is
indicated in hyperlipidemia.7
1. Altern Med Rev 2003;8(1):20-27
2. Hardman, R.J. et al.: Phytochemistry 19 :698 (1980)
3. Sulman, F.G. and E.Menczel: Harokeach Haire 9:6 (1962).
Chem. Abstr. 57:11308 e(1962)
4. Al-Mesgakm I.A et al.: Abstr. Int. Symp. Chinese Med.
Mat.Res. Hong Kong, June 12, p. 48 (1984)
5. Singhal, .C. et al. Curr. Sci. 51 : 136 (1982)
6. Khare, A.K. et al : Ind. Drugs, February, p.191 (1982)
7. Selected Medicinal Plants of India, CHEMEXCIL, Mum-
bai (1992)
Gymnema Sylvestre Extract
(Gurmar)
Gymnema sylvestre is a plant native
to the tropical forests of India, and
has long been used as a treatment
for diabetes. Recent scientific in-
vestigation has upheld its effec-
tiveness in both Type I and Type
II diabetes. Gymnema is probably
the most practical herbal recom-
mendation for improving blood
sugar control in diabetics. There is
some evidence that it may regen-
erate or revitalize the insulin-pro-
ducing beta cells of the pancreas.
The leaves of gymnema have
been found to be antidiabetic
and insulinotropic.4,5 They con-
tain several O-isopropylidene
derivatives of gymnemagenin,
crystalline gymnemagenin, gym-
nestrogenin, and gymnemic acid,
which is a complex mixture of at
least nine closely related acidic
glycosides.1,2,3 Research suggests
that the topical and selective an-
esthetic effect of the plant might
result from the competition be-
tween these active glycosides and
sweet substances for the receptor
sites.6 In a study of Type II diabe-
tes, 22 patients were given 400 mg
gymnema extract daily along with
their oral hypoglycemic drugs. All
patients demonstrated improved
blood sugar control. Of 22 patients,
21 were able to reduce their oral
hypoglycemic drug dosage con-
siderably, and 5 patients were able
Continued next page

to discontinue oral medication is interesting to note that gymne- macol 1990;30:281-294.
11. The Healing Power of Herbs pages - 358 & 359.
and maintain blood sugar control ma extract is without side effects
with the gymnema extract alone.9 and exerts blood sugar-lowering Guggul Extract
It was postulated that gymnema effects only in cases of diabetes.
enhances the production of en- When given to healthy volun- Guggul resin contains a number of
dogenous insulin.10 teers, gymnema does not produce compounds including a diterpene
any blood sugar-lowering or hy- hydrocarbon, a diterpene alcohol,
Gymnemic acids are also use- poglycemic effects.11 Z-gugulsterone, E-gugulsterone,
ful for prevention of the forma- 1. Helv. Chim. Acta, 1969, 52:365
and Gugulsterols I, II and III.1
tion of dental plaque and caries.8 2. J. Pharma Sci., 1991, 60:190 Guggul has undergone investiga-
3. Ibid, 1970, 59:622, 629
Gymnemic acids also inhibited 4. Ind. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 1983, 27:257 tion for its hypolipidemic action
glucan formation by streptococ- 5. Pharmacol. Res. Commun, 1981, 13(5) : 475
6. Nature, 1969, 223, 94
(which has been recognized since
cus mutans in vivo and markedly 7. Yonga Igaku Zasshi 1987, 38, 127:chem. abst. 187, 107, the vedic ages) and its anti-in-
89854e.
inhibited the activity of glucos- 8. Indian Materia Medica Vol.1, Dr. K.M. Nadkarni, Bombay flammatory effects. Oral adminis-
yltransferase from the bacterial Popular Prakashan (1996)
9. Baskaran K, Kizar Ahamath B, Radha Shanmugasundaram
tration of guggul produced lower
coat of S.mutans. Gymnema also K, Shanmugasundaram ER. Antidiabetic effect of a leaf ex- cholesterol levels and lessened
tract from Gymnema sylvestre in non-insulin-dependent dia-
stimulates the heart and circula- betes mellitus patients. J Ethnopharmacol 1990;30:295-300. serum turbidity.2 The cholesterol-
tory system, activates the uterus 10. Shanmugasundaram ER, Rajeswari G, Baskaran K, et al.
Use of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in the control of blood
lowering effects have been seen
and increases urine secretion.7 It glucose in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Ethnophar- in monkeys kept on a high cho-
lesterol diet, with results compa-
rable to those of Atromid-S.3 It has
a high anti-inflammatory poten-
What Is Ayurveda? tial against Brownlee’s formalde-
hyde-induced arthritis in albino
Ayurveda, which literally means the knowl-
rats.4 It is also indicated in rheu-
edge and wisdom of life, is the traditional
matic disorders and obesity.5
healing system of India, which originated
over 5000 years ago. Ayurveda is consid- 1. Patil, N.D. et al: Tetrahedron 8 :2341 (1972)
ered the healing side of Yoga. Likewise, 2. Tripathi, S.N. Et al: J.Res.INd. Med.Res. 57: 900 (1969)
3. Das, D. et al: Ind.J.Pharmacol 5 : 223 (1973)
Yoga is the spiritual side of Ayurveda. To- 4. Gujral, M.L. et al: Ind. J.Physiol.Pharmacol. 4 : 267
gether, they encompass a complete approach to the well be- (1960)
5. Selected Medicinal Plants of India, CHEMIXCIL, Mumbai
ing of the body, mind and spirit. Ayurveda assists the body (1992)
back to optimal health by balancing the body and mind
through the use of herbs, diet, lifestyle, yoga and meditation, Green Tea Extract
along with the ayurvedic cleansing therapies known as Pan-
cha Karma. Green tea extract contains poly-
phenols and an essential oil.1 The
In Ayurveda, each individual has a unique nature or constitu- polyphenols strengthen the walls
tion (prakruti) and is an individual blend of the three doshas, of blood vessels and regulate
Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each person's dosha determines what their permeability. They protect
diet, herbs and lifestyle will be in harmony with their nature. In ascorbic acid from oxidation in
Ayurveda, an understanding of the constitution is essential in rat tissue homogenates because
achieving optimal health.
of their antioxidant properties.
This indicates an important role
Recently, Ayurveda has had a profound impact upon the
of green tea in human nutri-
world of healthcare. Popular books by Deepak Chopra, M.D.,
and others have called attention to the potential of this an-
tion in preventing symptoms of
cient healing system. Along with the potential to heal chronic ascorbic acid deficiency. Green
diseases, Ayurveda promises to improve health and increase tea polyphenols have been found
longevity. to normalize thyroid hyperfunc-
tion, thus preventing thyrotoxico-

 Focus March 2006

sis. Green tea extract inhibits the
growth of tumors in humans, es-
pecially cancers of the esophagus,
stomach and intestines. Green tea
polyphenols inhibit the growth of
S.mutans, preventing the cause of
dental caries, and have been re-
ported to be more effective in pre-
venting tooth decay than fluoride
compounds. It also prevents the
formation of stones in the bladder,
gallbladder and kidneys. A spray
prepared from tannins of green
tea extract can be effective for al-
lergies caused by mites in the air.
It was found that the extracts of
green tea exhibited antitumor
promoting activity, antioxidation,
antimutagenecity, antiviral, and
anticoagulation properties, and
could reduce serum cholesterol
levels and blood pressure.1-6
Green tea’s ability to significantly
lower blood glucose has also been
confirmed in studies using diabet-
ic rats. Both green and black tea
extracts have been shown to pos-
sess anti-diabetic activity, and to
be effective both in the prevention
and treatment of diabetes. The
fact that aged rats responded so
dramatically to these polyphenols
implies that they potentially can
reverse the age-related rise in glu-
cose intolerance and the resulting
degenerative cascade of athero-
sclerosis and other degenerative
disorders. Tea polyphenols lower
serum glucose levels by inhibiting
the activity of both salivary and
intestinal amylase, so that starch
is broken down more slowly, and
the rise in serum glucose is thus
minimized. In addition, accord-
ing to a recent study, tea may also
reduce the intestinal absorption of
glucose.
A relatively little known com-
pound found in onions and in
tea, especially green tea, called
diphenylamine, seems to have
a strong blood sugar-lowering
effect. We are just beginning to
identify these significant pheno-
lic compounds and their interac-
tions, thus it is best not to rely on
a single agent, such as epigallocat-
echin gallate, but rather to ingest
the whole complex set of bioactive
compounds present in tea for best
results. The serum glucose-lower-
ing effects of tea offers significant
anti-aging benefits through calorie
restriction, reduced glycation, and
lower insulin secretion. Consum-
ing a carbohydrate-rich meal with
tea will slow down the release of
glucose and reduce its absorption
(it also reduces the absorption of
iron, another anti-aging benefit).
By preventing the harmful spike
in insulin, tea offers other benefits
that go with calorie restriction and
insulin control.7
1. Yoshizawas et al : Phytother. Res. 1, 44-46, 1987.
2. Lee M.H. et al: Chung-Kuo Nung yeh Hua Hsueh Hui
Chih, 22, 226-231, 1984
3. Kada T. et al: Mutat. Res. 150, 127-132, 1985.
4. Okuda T. et al: JARQ 12, 27-32, 1978.
5. Hong Rx et al : Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi, 8,621, 1988.
6. Matsuda H et al: J.Ethanopharmacol. 17, 213-214, 1986.
7. Deng ZY, Tao BY, et al. Effect of green tea and black tea on
blood glucose, triglycerides, and antioxidants in aged rats. J
Agricult Food Chem 1998;46:3875-78.
Azadirachta Indica Extract
(Commonly known as Neem)
Neem contains bitters as well as
quercetin and ß-sitosterol gluco-
side.1 Aqueous extract of neem
leaves decreased blood sugar lev-
els and prevented adrenaline as
well as glucose hyperglycemia.2
Neem fractions showed CNS de-
pressant, positive inotropic and
blood pressure lowering activi-
ties.3 A single dose of 3 g in hu-
man subjects was found to be
highly effective for ascariasis, and
a majority of follow-up stool sam-
ples were found to be worm and
ovum free. Neem has been found
to be effective against intestinal
worms in farm animals.4 The ex-
tract showed antifungal activity
Continued next page

Attention Doctors & Healthcare

Practitioners:
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against some soil-borne patho-
gens of Cicer arietinum. Neem has
been used as an antineoplastic
and antiviral agent. Indicated in
eczema, ringworm and scabies, it
is a very effective antihelmintic in
ascariasis.5
1. Shibata el al : Ind.J.Phram., 17:230 (1955)
2. Iketa T.: Nippon Kosholnin Kagakkushu 8(1):67:(1984)
3. Selected Medicinal Plants of India, CHEMEXCIL, NewD-
elhi (1992)
4. Hennemann,H. and G.Kunnert, Pharmazie 8:463 (1953)
5. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 17th edi-
tion, 1999
Eugenia Jambolana Extract
(Jambu)
Jambolana, or Jambolan, is a spe-
cies of cloves used in Ayurvedic
medicine. It is used for diabe-
tes and diseases of the pancreas.
Jambolan is used to treat diabetes
because it quickly reduces blood
sugar without side effects. Jam-
bolan may also decrease the risk
of diabetic patients developing
atherosclerosis because it contains
oleanolic acid, which short-circuits
the chemical reactions that make
toxic free radicals. Oleanolic acid
reduces the action of free radicals
in atherosclerosis by 60-90%.1,2
Effect of Momordica Charantia Extract on
Fasting and Postprandial Serum Glucose
Levels in NIDDM Patients
1. Natural Treatments for Diabetes - page 21
2. Prescription for Herbal Healing - pages 84 & 85
Momordica Charantia Extract
(Bitter Melon)
Momordica charantia, also known
as bitter melon, balsam pear, or
karolla, has been referred to as
both a vegetable and a fruit, and
is widely cultivated in Asia, Afri-
ca, and South America. It has been
used extensively in folk medicine
as a remedy for diabetes. The
blood sugar-lowering action of
the fresh juice or unripe fruit has
been established in experimental
animal models, as well as human
clinical trials.1,2
Bitter melon contains several
compounds with confirmed anti-
diabetic properties. Alcohol-ex-
tracted charantin from momordi-
ca consists of mixed steroids and
was found to be more potent than
the oral hypoglycemic agent tol-
butamide in an animal study.3
Bitter melon also contains an
insulin-like polypeptide called
polypeptide-P, which is similar in
structure to bovine insulin. It was
found to decrease blood sugar lev-
els when injected sub-
cutaneously into type I
diabetic patients.4 The
oral administration of
bitter melon prepara-
tions has also shown
decrease in postprandial blood
sugar levels and a 17% reduction
in glycosylated hemoglobin in 6
patients.2 Bitter melon’s mecha-
nism for lowering blood glucose
is unknown, but in diabetic rabbit
models it has been proposed that
it has a direct action similar to
insulin, and was found effective
in lowering blood glucose in al-
loxan-treated rabbits.5 Bailey and
Day report the herb appears to in-
hibit gluconeogenesis.6
The recommended dose of bitter
melon depends on the form being
consumed. Dosage for tincture
ranges from 5 mL 2-3 times daily
to as high as 50 mL per day.7 How-
ever, bitter melon juice is very dif-
ficult to make palatable since, as
the name implies, it is quite bit-
ter. To avoid the bitter taste, the
Indians and Chinese crush the
herb and form tablets. In Central
America, it is prepared as an ex-
tract or decoction. Dosages of cap-
sulized dried powder range from
3-15 g daily. However, to avoid
the necessity of taking so many
capsules, a standardized extract
may be used at dosages of 100-200
mg three times daily.
1. Welihinda J, Karunanayake EH, Sheriff MH, Jayas-
inghe KS. Effect of Momordica charantia on the glucose
tolerance in maturity onset diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol
1986;17:277-282.

The effect of Momordica charantia, a bitter veg- satisfactory results in
etable popularly known as Karolla, on fasting clinical trials in type II
and postprandial (2 hours after 75 g oral glucose diabetic patients.
intake) serum glucose levels were studied in 100
cases of moderate, non-insulin dependent dia-
betic subjects. Drinking of the aqueous homog-
enized suspension of the vegetable pulp led to
significant reduction (p<0.001) of both fasting
and postprandial serum glucose levels. This hy-
poglycemic action was observed in 86 cases. 5
cases showed lowering of fasting serum glucose
only.
Ahmad N, Hassan MR, Halder H, Bennoor KS Bangladesh. August, 2000,
Med Res Counc Bull 1999;25:11-13.
Welihinda, et al.
showed improved
glucose tolerance in
73% of type II diabetic
patients given 57 g of
the juice.1 In another
study, 15 g of the aque-
ous extract of bitter
melon produced a 54%
2. Srivastava Y, Venkatakrishna-Bhatt H, Verma Y, et al.
Antidiabetic and adaptogenic properties of Momordica
charantia extract. An experimental and clinical evalua-
tion. Phytother Res 1993;7:285-289.
3. Sarkar S, Pranava M, Marita R. Demonstration of the
hypoglycemic action of Momordica charantia in a validat-
ed animal model of diabetes. Pharmacol Res 1996;33:1-
4. Baldwa VS, Bhandari CM, Pangaria A, Goyal RK.
Clinical trial in patients with diabetes mellitus of an in-
sulin-like compound obtained from plant sources. Upsala
J Med Sci 1977;82:39-41.
5. Akhtar MS, Athar MA, Yaqub M. Effect of Momordica
charantia on blood glucose level of normal and alloxan-
diabetic rabbits. Planta Med 1981;42:205-212.
6. Bailey CJ, Day C. Traditional plant medicines as treat-
ments for diabetes. Diabetes Care 1989;12:553-564.
7. Mozersky RP. Herbal products and supplemental nu-
trients used in the management of diabetes. J Am Osteo-
path Assoc 1999;99:S4-S9.
Continued on page 12

10 Focus March 2006

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11
 Lipoic acid decreases lipid peroxi-
dation and protein glycosylation
and increases (Na(+) + K(+))- and
Ca(++)-ATPase activities in high
glucose-treated human erythro-
diabetic condition. It was a com-
plex of chromium and several
amino acids that is now known as
Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF).
GTF chromium does not act like
levels and controlling conditions
such as insulin resistance, or type
II diabetes.3
1. Cohen N, Halberstam M, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl
sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in

cytes.
Lipoic acid supplementation has been
found to be beneficial in preventing
neurovascular abnormalities in diabetic
insulin, but rather, appears to
enhance insulin sensitivity. It
has been noted that tissue con-
centrations of chromium in the
patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin
Invest 1995;95:2501-2509.
2. Halberstam M, Cohen N, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl
sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in
obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes 1996;45:659-666.
3. Earl Mindell’s Supplement Bible page 157

neuropathy. Insufficient (Na(+) + K(+))- U.S. decline with age. Nearly 20

ATPase activity has been suggested as
a contributing factor in the development
of diabetic neuropathy. This study was
undertaken to test the hypothesis that
lipoic acid reduces lipid peroxidation
and glycosylation and can increase the
(Na(+) + K(+))- and Ca(++)-ATPase activi-
ties in high glucose-exposed red blood
cells (RBC).
Result: Lipoic acid was found to lower
lipid peroxidation and protein glycosyl-
ation, and increase (Na(+) + K(+))- and
Ca(++)-ATPase activities in high-glucose
exposed RBC, which provides a poten-
tial mechanism by which lipoic acid may
delay or inhibit the development of neu-
ropathy in diabetes.
Jain SK, Lim G. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;29:1122-
1128.
Bilberry Extract
controlled studies have demon-
strated the positive effect of chro-
Bilberry is widely used as a pos-
mium for the management of dia-
sible preventive treatment for the
betes. In clinical studies of type II
complications of diabetes. Bil-
diabetes, supplementing the diet
berry also improves night vision,
with chromium has been shown
strengthens capillaries, reduces
to decrease fasting glucose levels,
blood clotting, and has antioxi-
improve glucose tolerance, lower
dant action. Research done mostly
insulin levels, and decrease total
in Italy, has also uncovered bilber-
cholesterol and triglyceride levels
ry’s potential for treating retinal
while increasing HDL cholesterol
problems from poor blood circu-
levels.1
lation, diabetes-caused glaucoma,
1. Reversing Diabetes pages 89 & 90, The Pill Guide Book to and day blindness.1
Natural Medicines - pages 128 & 129
1. Journal of Longevity - Volume 5/No. 8, page 40, New
Encyclopedia Vitamins, Minerals, Supplements, & Herbs -
Vanadyl Sulfate page 386

Prior to the discovery of in-

Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) is a vi-
tamin-like substance produced in
small amounts by the body, and is
important to almost all cells. ALA
is found in just a few food sources,
such as brewer’s yeast, liver and
spinach. ALA assists the body’s
energy production and acts as a
powerful antioxidant, helping to
treat diabetic neuropathy, protect-
ing the liver, preventing cataracts,
boosting immune function, and
possibly helping to slow the pro-
gression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Chromium Polynicotinate
Since as early as 1854, a substance vanadyl is very effective in
was identified that improved the normalizing blood sugar
sulin in 1922, the trace min-
eral vanadium was used
for the control of blood
sugar, because it can mimic
the activity of insulin. Two
small studies (one with six
type II diabetic patients,
and one with seven type II
diabetic patients) have con-
firmed the effectiveness of
vanadyl sulfate at a dose of
100 mg/day in improving
insulin sensitivity.1,2
Vanadyl sulfate is a biolog-
ically active form of vana-
dium. Because of its insu-
lin-like properties, vanadyl
is being used to manage
diabetes. Studies show that
Efficacy of turmeric on blood sugar and
polyol pathway in diabetic albino rats
The effect of turmeric and its active principle,
curcumin, on diabetes mellitus in a rat model
was observed. Alloxan was used to induce dia-
betes. Administration of turmeric or curcumin to
diabetic rats reduced the blood sugar, Hb and
glycosylated hemoglobin levels significantly.
Turmeric and curcumin supplementation also
reduced the oxidative stress encountered by
the diabetic rats. This was demonstrated by the
lower levels of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reac-
tive substances), which may have been due to
the decreased influx of glucose into the polyol
pathway leading to an increased NADPH/NADP
ratio and elevated activity of the potent anti-
oxidant enzyme GPx. Moreover, the activity of
SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase), which catalyzes
the conversion of sorbitol to fructose, was low-
ered significantly with treatment using turmeric
or curcumin. These results also appear to reveal
that curcumin is more effective in attenuating di-
abetes mellitus related changes than turmeric.1
1. Arun N, Nalini N. Efficacy of turmeric on blood sugar and
polyol pathway in diabetic albino rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr.
2002 Winter;57(1):41-52.

12 Focus March 2006

 "In the traditional system of medicine Ayurveda, several spices and herbs are thought
to possess medicinal properties. Among these spices, turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa.
Linn.) are used as flavoring and coloring agents in the Indian diet every day."
Dr. Aditya Sharma, Ph.D.
Turmeric (Curcumin 95%)
Curcuminoids, found in high con-
centrations in turmeric extract,
have been primarily recognized
for their “super” antioxidant
properties. Curcuminoids are ca-
pable of both the prevention of
free radical formation and inter-
vention to neutralize existing free
radicals.
Curcuminoids are natural plant
compounds that guard the cells,
tissues and organs of the body
from numerous “inside” and
“outside” detrimental influences.
Unlike other antioxidants, which
have more of a “policing effect”
on such errant molecules, the tur-
meric curcuminoids merge with
the potential free radicals before
they form.
Cayenne Pepper Extract
Cayenne contains capsaicin, the
compound that produces the “hot”
in hot peppers. Cayenne is known
to increase the metabolic rate,
which is one reason why people
get so hot and sweaty after eating
spicy foods.1 One of the addition-
al benefits of cayenne is its func-
tion as a digestive aid. Cayenne
increases the secretion of acids in
the stomach, which increases the
absorption and effectiveness of
other herbs consumed with it. In
a double-blind trial, reductions
in appetite were found in healthy
Protective effects of Piper ni-
grum and Vinca rosea in alloxan-
induced diabetic rats
Aqueous extract of Piper nigrum
seeds and Vinca rosea flowers were
administered orally to alloxan induced
diabetic rats once a day for 4 weeks.
These treatments lead to significant
lowering of blood sugar levels and
reduction in serum lipids. The levels
of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and
glutathione peroxidase decreased in
alloxan induced diabetic rats however
these levels returned to normal in in-
sulin, P. nigrum and V. rosea treated
rats. There was no significant differ-
ence in superoxide dismutase activ-
ity in all groups compared to controls.
Lipid peroxidation levels were signifi-
cantly higher in diabetic rats and were
slightly increased in the treated rats as
compared to the control rats.
These results suggest that oxidative
stress plays a key role in diabetes, and
treatment with P. nigrum and V. rosea
are useful in controlling not only glu-
cose and lipid levels but may be help-
ful in strengthening their antioxidant
potential.1
1. Kaleem M, Sheema, Sarmad H, Bano B. Pro-
tective effects of Piper nigrum and Vinca rosea
in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;49(1):65-71.
Japanese women and Caucasian
men when they consumed cay-
enne pepper along with meals.2 A
similar trial showed that cayenne
raised the metabolic rate in Japa-
nese women.3 These trials suggest
that cayenne may be beneficial for
weight loss.
1. Henry, C. J. K., (1986). Effect of spiced food on metabolic
rate. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition, 40, 165-168
2.Yoshioka, M., St-Pierre, S., & Drapeau, V. (1999). Effects
of red pepper on appetite and energy intake. British Journal of
Nutrition, 82, 115-123
3.Yoshioka, M., St-Pierre, S., Suzuki, M., & Tremblay A.
(1998). Effects of red pepper added to high-fat and high-car-
bohydrate meals on energy metabolism and substrate utili-
zation in Japanese women. British Journal of Nutrition, 80,
503-510.
Piper Nigrum & Vinca Rosea
(Banaba Leaf Extract)
Banaba is a botanical extract that
comes from the leaves of the
banaba tree. In Southeast Asia
and the Philippines, the leaves
are traditionally used as an herb-
al medicine to treat diabetes and
hyperglycemia. Banaba balances
blood sugar, regulates insulin lev-
els, and supports healthy weight
loss.1
Corosolic acid, a triterpenoid
found in the leaves, helps regu-
late blood sugar by stimulating
glucose uptake. This blood sugar
lowering effect is similar to that
of insulin, which induces glu-
cose transport from the blood into
body cells.2,3 Animal studies have
shown it to be effective for man-
aging both diabetes and obesity.3-5
Researchers have found that coro-
solic acid is not the only active in-
gredient in banaba leaves. Studies
show that banaba contains at least
three other active ingredients in-
cluding lagerstroemin, flosin B
and reginin A. These natural phy-
tochemicals regulate glucose up-
take, and could be responsible for
lowering blood glucose levels.6,7
The blood sugar regulating prop-
Continued next page
13
erties of banaba have been demon-
strated in cell culture and animal
and human studies. In diabetic
mice, banaba reduced elevated
blood sugar and insulin levels
to normal.3-5 Additionally, total
blood cholesterol levels were also
lowered.7 In a study of humans
with type II diabetes, banaba ex-
tract showed a 30% reduction in
blood glucose levels.8
1. American Diabetes Association,
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics/national-dia-
betes-fact-sheet.jsp (29 July 2004)
2. Hattori K, Sukenobu N, Sasaki T, Takasuga S, Hayashi
T, Kasai R, Yamasaki K, Hazeki O. Activation of insu-
lin receptors by lagerstroemin. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003
Sep;93(1):69-73.
3. Suzuki Y, Unno T, Ushitani M, Hayashi K, Kakuda
T. “Antiobesity activity of extracts from Lagerstroemia
speciosa L. leaves on female KK-Ay mice.” J Nutr Sci Vi-
taminol (Tokyo) 1999 Dec;45(6):791-5.
4. Liu F, Kim J, Li Y, Liu X, Li J, Chen X. An extract of
Lagerstroemia speciosa L. has insulin-like glucose uptake-
stimulatory and adipocyte differentiation-inhibitory ac-
tivities in 3T3-L1 cells. J Nutr. 2001 Sep;131(9):2242-7.
5. Hayashi T, Maruyama H, Kasai R, Hattori K, Takasuga
S, Hazeki O, Yamasaki K, Tanaka T. Ellagitannins from
Lagerstroemia speciosa as activators of glucose transport
in fat cells. Planta Med. 2002 Feb;68(2):173
6. Hosoyama H, Sugimoto A, Suzuki Y, Sakane I, Kakuda
T. [Isolation and quantitative analysis of the alpha-
amylase inhibitor in Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.
(Banaba)] Yakugaku Zasshi. 2003 Jul;123(7):599-605.
[Article in Japanese]
7. Kakuda T, Sakane I, Takihara T, Ozaki Y, Takeuchi H,
Kuroyanagi M. Hypoglycemic effect of extracts from La-
gerstroemia speciosa L. leaves in genetically diabetic KK-
AY mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1996 Feb;60(2):204-
8.
8. Judy WV, Hari SP, Stogsdill WW, Judy JS, Naguib
YM, Passwater R. Antidiabetic activity of a standardized
extract (Glucosol) from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves in
Type II diabetics. A dose-dependence study. J Ethnophar-
macol. 2003 Jul;87(1):115-7.
Cinnamon Extract By contrast, the placebo group
had no significant effect on either
Cinnamon has been in the news
measure. The highest dose (6 g/
lately because it is proving to be
day) produced the most rapid re-
effective in helping prevent and
sponse, while the lowest dose (1
control blood sugar and choles-
g/day) produced the most sus-
terol levels for patients with type
tained response, i.e., a continued
II diabetes. Dr. Richard Anderson
reduction in glucose levels even
and his research team at the U.S.
at the 60-day mark; the reduc-
Department of Agriculture have
tion observed was 16%. The two
been studying the effects of cinna-
higher doses produced slightly
mon on improving insulin, blood
lower sustained responses, which
sugar and blood lipid metabolism
were not statistically significant.1
for the past 20 years. In 2004, they
Researchers also noted blood sug-
identified cinnamon’s bioactive
ar levels rebounded when sub-
compound polyphenol type-A
jects stopped taking cinnamon.
polymer.1 Before that, Anderson
Another double blind, placebo-
worked with a team of research-
controlled trial conducted by an
ers in Pakistan to test cinnamon
Ohio research group showed that
extract’s ability to lower glucose
pre-diabetics supplemented with
and lipid levels in 60 patients
cinnamon extract showed statisti-
with type II diabetes (30 men and
cally significant decreases in fast-
30 women, average age 52, with
ing blood glucose levels, marked
an average disease duration of 7
improvements in insulin sensitiv-
years).2 One group received a pla-
ity and no statistically significant
cebo, while the other received cin-
changes in clinical blood chemis-
namon in daily amounts of 1, 3,
try.3 q
or 6 grams. The treatment lasted
40 days.2 The results were dra- 1. Anderson R et al. Isolation and characterization of
matic. All three cinnamon doses polyphenol type-A polymers from cinnamon with in-
had a strong impact on blood sulin-like biological activity. J Agric Food Chem 2004,
52:65-70.
glucose levels, reducing them by 2. Khan A, Safdar M, Khan MMA, Khattak KN, An-
18-29% following 40 days of treat- derson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids
of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003
ment. Positive effects on blood Dec;26(12):3215-8. http://care.diabetesjournals.org
lipid levels were also observed. 3. Proprietary study. Property of Integrity. 2005.

Focus on Allergy Research Group®

Editor-in-Chief: Stephen A. Levine, Ph.D.
Managing Editor: Elise Zurlo, CNC
Medical Editor: Jeffry L. Anderson, M.D.
Assistant Editors: Dan Milosevich, CN and Luba Voloshko, Ph.D.
Graphic Design & Layout: Elise Zurlo & Blake Dayton

FOCUS publishes emerging nutritional science and scientific theories that should not be construed to be conclusive scientific proof of any specific cause, effect,
or relationship. The publication is for the educational use of healthcare practitioners and physicians. The articles in the publication are the independent scientific
views and theories of the authors. FOCUS takes no position on the views and theories expressed but offers them for candid inquiry and debate. The articles are
not intended for use in support of the sale of any commercial product and should not be construed as indicative of the use or efficacy of any commercial prod-
uct. Emerging science and scientific theories do not constitute scientific proof of any specific cause, effect, or relationship. Copyright © 2006. Allergy Research
Group®. Special permission is required to reproduce by any manner, in whole or in part, the materials herein contained.

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