EnE 304 GTH Numerical Models in Environmental Engineering

Applied Finite Difference Methods to evaluate contaminant concentration with

Microsoft Excel
Lectured by Leonardo Q. Liongson1 Prepared: SIHARATH PHOUMMIXAY2
Team Energy Professorial Chair & Professor, Institute of Civil Engineering and National Hydraulic
Research Center, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines1,
PhD Candidate, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines2.
Assignment: 06.
ID: 301000031

1. Introduction.
In the previous assignment the hydraulic head has been done and retrieved all values
from the last iteration 69th iteration to apply in this study from Laplace Equation
for steady state groundwater seepage flow in 2D as shown on Eq( 1). Consequently,
the objective of the study will evaluate contaminant concentration in the domain from
top until they are reaching to bottom by employing mass transport equation with
advection and diffusion/dispersion in 2D as shown on Eq(5).
In this case, before evaluating the contaminant concentration in domain, firstly the
velocities have to be calculated by using formula as illustrated on Eq(4) and then the
initial contaminant concentration should be assumed to evaluate the contaminant
concentration in domain as shown on initial concentration table.
In practical to obtain the contaminant concentration, there are some variable to be
assumed such as: hydraulic conductivity, difference of x and y in direction,
diffusion/dispersion in x, y direction and also time step.
In this domain there is an aquifer layer has been supposed to be gravel in porous
media and there are homogeneous and isotropic.
Keywords: Finite Difference Methods, concentration, hydraulic head, velocity
Boundary condition, initial condition.
2. Laplace Equation for steady state groundwater seepage flow in 2D.

2h 0
2h 2 h

0
x 2 y 2

(1)

Where
h h( x, y ) Hydraulic head or piezometric head
Finite difference method Gauss-seidel

[m]

Iteration scheme

Figure1: Finite difference method Gauss-seidel

From Eq(1), it can be derived as following:

k
k 1
k
k
k 1
k
2 h 2 h hi 1, j 2hi , j hi 1, j hi , j 1 2hi , j hi , j 1
h 2 2

0
x
y
x 2
y 2
2

hik, j 1 hik, j 1

hik1, j hik1, j
hik, j 1

x 2
2
x 2

y 2
2
y 2

When x y

k 1
i, j

hik1, j hik1, j hik, j 1 hik, j 1

(2)

For all (i,j)

Condition to be convergence | hik, j 1 hik, j | | hik, j |

(3)

3. Velocity equation.

ui , j

hi 1, j hi , j
x
and

vi , j

hi , j 1 hi , j

(4)

y
2

4. Mass transport equation with advection and diffusion/dispersion and reaction

in 2D.

Cik, j 1

Cik, j
t

k
i 1, j

Cik1, j
x

k
i, j

Cik1, j

Cik, j1 Dx (Cik1, j Cik1, j ) Dy (Cik, j 1 Cik, j 1) k

v
v

Si, j
x
y
y
x2
y2
k
k
k
k
1 ui1, j ui, j vi, j1 vi, j 2Dx 2Dy
(

)
t x x y y x2 y2
k
i, j 1

Cik, j1

k
i, j

(5)
Notation
C
t
x
y
u
v
Dx
Dy
Sc
C
t
C
u
x
C
v
y

Contaminant concentration
Time in concentration
Concentration distant in x direction
Concentration distant in y direction
Velocity in x direction
Velocity in y direction
Diffusion/Dispersion coefficient in x direction
Diffusion/Dispersion coefficient in y direction
Reaction source/sink
The changing of contaminant concentration respects to time
Advection in x direction
Advection in y direction

Dx

2C
x 2

Diffusion/Dispersion in x direction

Dy

2C
y 2

Diffusion/Dispersion in y direction

5. Problem and solution.

To evaluate the contaminant concentration in the domain
Assuming data
k 0.1 m / s
t 0.001 m

Dx 1.5 m 2 .s 1

x 0.25 m
y 0.25 m

D y 1.5 m 2 .s 1

[mg/L]
[s]
[m]
[ m.s 1 ]
[ m.s 1 ]
[ m.s 1 ]
[ m2 .s 1 ]
[ m2 .s 1 ]

6. Results.
6.1. Hydraulic head hik, j 1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

5
2.3478
1.2529
0.7315
0.4564
0.3001
0.2054
0.1442
0.1017
0.0699
0.0439
0.0212
0

5
3.1371
1.9307
1.2144
0.7917
0.536
0.3747
0.2674
0.191
0.1323
0.0838
0.0406
0

5
3.2683
2.1159
1.4005
0.9562
0.6734
0.4864
0.3561
0.2595
0.1826
0.1168
0.057
0

5
2.8181
1.8607
1.3112
0.9545
0.7101
0.5363
0.4068
0.3048
0.2189
0.1421
0.0699
0

hik1, j hik1, j hik, j 1 hik, j 1

4

0
1.1409
1.1939
1.0242
0.8347
0.6706
0.5361
0.4251
0.3296
0.2431
0.1607
0.08
0

0
0.5489
0.7455
0.7518
0.6838
0.5954
0.5067
0.4224
0.3411
0.2597
0.1758
0.0888
0

0
0.3066
0.4834
0.5484
0.5474
0.5143
0.4668
0.4115
0.3483
0.2754
0.1918
0.0987
0

0
0.1915
0.3291
0.406
0.4377
0.4417
0.4292
0.4033
0.361
0.2988
0.2155
0.1136
0

0
0.1281
0.2319
0.3044
0.3508
0.3805
0.4
0.4073
0.3899
0.3404
0.2564
0.1396
0

0
0.0871
0.1633
0.2252
0.2765
0.3255
0.3791
0.4323
0.4478
0.4145
0.3287
0.1878
0

0
0.0556
0.107
0.1539
0.2017
0.2626
0.3558
0.4923
0.5523
0.5393
0.4552
0.2828
0

0
0.0274
0.0537
0.0801
0.112
0.1656
0.2873
0.6272
0.7286
0.7344
0.6695
0.4881
0

-0.03
-0.06
-0.1
-0.14
-0.16
-0.11
0.077
0.132
0.12
0.084
0.043

-0.04
-0.09
-0.15
-0.23
-0.31
-0.29
0.261
0.278
0.204
0.128
0.061

-0.05
-0.11
-0.19
-0.32
-0.55
-1.02
0.986
0.519
0.296
0.166
0.076

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0

6.2. Velocity
h h
ui , j i 1, j i , j
x
0.034
0.079
0.141
0.22
0.301
0.291
-0.26
-0.27
-0.2
-0.12
-0.06

vi , j

0.027
0.06
0.099
0.138
0.155
0.104
-0.08
-0.13
-0.12
-0.08
-0.04

0.019
0.041
0.064
0.081
0.081
0.046
-0.02
-0.06
-0.07
-0.05
-0.03

0.012
0.026
0.038
0.046
0.042
0.023
-0.01
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02

0.007
0.015
0.021
0.023
0.02
0.011
-0
-0.01
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01

0.003
0.0053
0.0063
0.0058
0.004
0.0016
-8E-04
-0.002
-0.003
-0.003
-0.002

-0
-0
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
9E-04
0.008
0.01
0.009
0.005

-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04
-0.04
-0.02
0.006
0.025
0.03
0.025
0.014

-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.08
-0.05
0.023
0.06
0.063
0.049
0.026

hi , j 1 hi , j

-0.03773
-0.053393
-0.082519
-0.132924
-0.23284
-0.477506
-1.201722
-0.471687
-0.224558
-0.127724
-0.086344

y
-0.07
-0.1
-0.14
-0.21
-0.31
-0.47
-0.65
-0.46
-0.3
-0.2
-0.15

-0.1
-0.13
-0.18
-0.25
-0.33
-0.42
-0.47
-0.4
-0.31
-0.24
-0.19

-0.12
-0.15
-0.21
-0.27
-0.33
-0.38
-0.4
-0.36
-0.31
-0.25
-0.22

-0.13
-0.17
-0.22
-0.28
-0.33
-0.36
-0.37
-0.34
-0.3
-0.26
-0.23

-0.14
-0.17
-0.22
-0.28
-0.32
-0.35
-0.36
-0.33
-0.3
-0.26
-0.24

-0.14
-0.18
-0.23
-0.28
-0.32
-0.35
-0.35
-0.33
-0.3
-0.26
-0.24

-0.14
-0.17
-0.22
-0.27
-0.32
-0.35
-0.36
-0.34
-0.3
-0.26
-0.23

-0.13
-0.16
-0.21
-0.27
-0.32
-0.37
-0.39
-0.36
-0.31
-0.26
-0.22

-0.11
-0.14
-0.19
-0.25
-0.32
-0.4
-0.46
-0.39
-0.31
-0.24
-0.2

-0.09
-0.11
-0.15
-0.21
-0.3
-0.46
-0.64
-0.45
-0.3
-0.21
-0.16

-0.05
-0.06
-0.08
-0.13
-0.23
-0.47
-1.19
-0.47
-0.22
-0.13
-0.09

6.3 Contaminant concentration.

Initial concentration
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
0

1st Iteration
10.00010.00010.00010.00010.0000.000
0.000 0.259 0.246 0.244 0.251 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.043
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.000

0.000
0.300
0.170
0.054
0.012
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.105
0.068
0.024
0.006
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.069
0.048
0.018
0.005
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.000

0.000
0.065
0.048
0.020
0.008
0.008
0.013
0.015
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.011
0.000

0.000
0.071
0.057
0.032
0.024
0.034
0.063
0.077
0.082
0.082
0.076
0.055
0.000

0.000
0.081
0.078
0.060
0.063
0.111
0.247
0.305
0.319
0.319
0.302
0.226
0.000

0.000
0.073
0.082
0.076
0.096
0.222
0.771
0.914
0.940
0.940
0.909
0.746
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.000

43rd Iteration
10.00010.00010.00010.00010.0000.000
0.000 4.412 5.005 4.960 4.324 1.178
0.000 1.465 1.794 1.760 1.435 0.543
0.000 0.412 0.502 0.474 0.370 0.158
0.000 0.128 0.135 0.109 0.078 0.034
0.000 0.059 0.049 0.027 0.015 0.006
0.000 0.031 0.022 0.009 0.003 0.001
0.000 0.018 0.013 0.005 0.001 0.000
0.000 0.014 0.010 0.003 0.001 0.000
0.000 0.013 0.009 0.003 0.001 0.000
0.000 0.011 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.000
0.000 0.007 0.005 0.002 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

85th Iteration.
10.00010.00010.00010.00010.0000.000
0.000 5.174 6.112 6.112 5.267 1.788
0.000 2.299 3.050 3.074 2.507 1.206
0.000 0.896 1.274 1.294 1.037 0.569
0.000 0.313 0.459 0.466 0.371 0.216
0.000 0.102 0.150 0.150 0.117 0.069
0.000 0.035 0.049 0.046 0.034 0.020
0.000 0.014 0.018 0.016 0.010 0.006
0.000 0.007 0.009 0.007 0.004 0.002
0.000 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.002 0.001
0.000 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.001
0.000 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000
0.565
0.473
0.249
0.101
0.034
0.011
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000

0.000
0.177
0.172
0.100
0.045
0.018
0.009
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.003
0.000

0.000
0.065
0.072
0.048
0.027
0.019
0.021
0.024
0.026
0.026
0.022
0.013
0.000

0.000
0.037
0.047
0.039
0.034
0.043
0.063
0.079
0.086
0.085
0.074
0.046
0.000

0.000
0.033
0.046
0.049
0.061
0.104
0.176
0.225
0.245
0.243
0.214
0.139
0.000

0.000
0.032
0.049
0.061
0.100
0.210
0.430
0.550
0.592
0.589
0.533
0.368
0.000

0.000
0.022
0.035
0.052
0.107
0.299
0.936
1.140
1.194
1.191
1.125
0.879
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.000

0.000
0.571
0.480
0.255
0.104
0.036
0.011
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.000

0.000
0.179
0.175
0.103
0.046
0.019
0.010
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.000

0.000
0.066
0.073
0.049
0.028
0.020
0.021
0.025
0.027
0.026
0.023
0.014
0.000

0.000
0.037
0.047
0.039
0.035
0.044
0.064
0.081
0.088
0.087
0.075
0.047
0.000

0.000
0.033
0.046
0.049
0.062
0.105
0.179
0.229
0.249
0.247
0.217
0.140
0.000

0.000
0.031
0.048
0.061
0.101
0.212
0.434
0.554
0.597
0.593
0.536
0.370
0.000

0.000
0.021
0.035
0.052
0.107
0.300
0.938
1.144
1.198
1.195
1.128
0.881
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.000

86th Iteration.
10.00010.00010.00010.00010.0000.000
0.000 5.184 6.127 6.128 5.281 1.798
0.000 2.312 3.070 3.096 2.526 1.219
0.000 0.906 1.289 1.311 1.052 0.579
0.000 0.318 0.468 0.476 0.379 0.221
0.000 0.104 0.154 0.154 0.120 0.072
0.000 0.035 0.050 0.047 0.035 0.021
0.000 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.011 0.006
0.000 0.007 0.009 0.007 0.004 0.002
0.000 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.002 0.001
0.000 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.001
0.000 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Figure(2): Contaminant concentration at 85th iteration.

Figure(3): Contaminant concentration at 86th iteration.

In practical, iteration has iterated from first until 86th iteration as illustrated on Fig (3).
Finally, the concentration gradually reached to the bottom and the number inside
domain were changing from 0 to other numbers depending on condition of boundary
and also the velocity in x and y directions.
From this study, the contaminant concentration can be changed fast or slowly
depending on time step, if time step very small the iteration will be increased,
otherwise decreased. Nevertheless, in this study gave a lot experience and be useful
for groundwater engineer when doing in actual site.

References:
Lecture notes for EnE 304 GTH Numerical Models in Environmental Engineering,
Lectured by Leonardo Q. Liongson Team Energy Professorial Chair & Professor,
Institute of Civil Engineering and National Hydraulic Research Center, University of
the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines,
http://www.connectedwater.gov.au/framework/hydrometric_k.php
The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering 2007.pdf