Definition in Semester 1 PST Syllabus Name Physical quantity Basic quantity Derived quantity Dimension Scalar quantity Vector

quantity Kinematics Distance Displacement Speed Velocity Acceleration Freely falling bodies Linear momentum Principle of conservation of linear momentum Collision Elastic collision Inelastic collision Definition Quantity which can be measured Quantity which cannot be derived from any physical quantities Quantity which can be expressed in term of base quantity. A technique or method which the physical quantity can be expressed in terms of combination of basic quantities. A quantity with magnitude only. A quantity with both magnitude & direction. Study of motion of object without considering the effect that produce the motion Length of actual path between 2 point Shortest distance between initial point and final point in a straight line Rate of change of distance Rate of change of displacement Rate of change of velocity The vertical motion of a body at constant acceleration, g under gravitational field without air resistance. The product between mass and velocity In an isolated (closed) system, the total momentum of the system is constant. An isolated event in which two or more bodies exert relatively strong forces on each other for a relatively short time. The total kinetic energy (as well as total momentum) of the system is the same before and after the collision. The total kinetic energy of the system is not the same before and after the collision (even though the total momentum of the system is conserved). Equation v=
vav

aav

d t s = t v = t -

p = mv

= p f

K K
i

= K f

= K f + losses energy

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Definition in Semester 1 PST Syllabus Impulse Force Newtons 1st law Newtons 2nd law Newtons 3rd law One Newton(1 N) Inertia Mass Weight Reaction force Frictional force Coefficient of friction Work done One Joule Energy Kinetic energy, K Potential Energy Elastic potential energy The rate change of momentum Something capable of changing state of motion or size or dimension of a body. An object at rest will remain rest, or continues to move with uniform velocity in a straight line unless external forces acted on it. The rate change of linear momentum of a moving body is proportional to the resultant force and is in the same direction as the force acting on it. Every action force has a reaction force that is equal in magnitude but in opposite direction. The amount of net force that gives an acceleration of one metre per second squared to a body with a mass of one kilogramme. Tendency of an object to resist any change in its state of rest or motion. A measure of a bodys inertia Force exerted on a body under gravitational field Reaction force that exerted by the surface to an object interact with it and the direction always perpendicular to the surfaces, Force that resists the motion of one surface relative to another with which it is in contact. Ratio between frictional force to reaction force The product of the component of the force parallel to the displacement times the displacement of a body. As the work done by a force of 1 N which results in a displacement of 1 m in the direction of the force. The systems ability to do work. The energy of a body due to its motion. The energy stored in a body or system because of its position, shape and state. The energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing. J = Fdt = dp = p2 p1 F
Fnett = F = 0

dp F dt FAB = FBA

W =mg

N = mg f = N

W = F s

f N

K=

U = mgh

1 mv 2 2

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Definition in Semester 1 PST Syllabus Work-energy theorem Principle of conservation of energy Power Instantaneous power Efficiency of a machine Uniform circular motion Linear (tangential) velocity Period Frequency Centripetal acceleration Centripetal force Newtons law of gravitation Gravitational field Gravitational field strength the work done by the net force on a body equals the change in the bodys total energy In an isolated (closed) system, the total energy of that system is constant. The rate at which work is done The instantaneous rate of doing work The ratio of the useful (output) work done to the energy input. A motion in a circle (circular arc) at a constant speed. It is directed tangentially to the circular path and always perpendicular to the radius of the circular path Time taken for one complete revolution The number of revolutions completed in one second Force causing it to move in a circular path of magnitude and its always directed towards the centre of the circular path. Force acting on a body causing it to move in a circular path of magnitude and it is always directed towards the centre of the circular path. A magnitude of an attractive force between two point masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. A region of space surrounding a body that has the property of mass where the attractive force is experienced if a test mass placed in the region The gravitational force per unit mass of a body (test mass) placed at a point.
ac =
Wnett = E = E f Ei

E
Pav =

= E f

P = F v

W E = t t

Wout 100% Ein

v = r
f = 1 T

v2 = r 2 = v r mv 2 Fc = r

Fg = G

m1m2 r2

Fg ag = m

GM r2

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Definition in Semester 1 PST Syllabus Gravitational potential Concurrent forces Equilibrium of a particle Non-concurrent forces Torque Equilibrium of a rigid body Centre of mass Angular displacement Angular velocity Average angular acceleration Tangential acceleration Moment of inertia Angular momentum Principle of conservation of angular momentum Simple harmonic motion (SHM) The work done by an external force in bringing a test mass from infinity to a point per unit the test mass. Forces whose lines of action pass through a single common point. Vector sum of all forces acting on a particle (point) must be zero. The forces whose lines of action do not pass through a single common point. The product of a force and its perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the point Body with definite shape that doesnt change, so that the particles that compose it stay in fixed position relative to one another even though a force is exerted on it. The point at which the whole weight of a body may be considered to act. Angle measured from reference line Rate of change of angular displacement The rate of change of angular velocity. W m

V =

nett

GM r
=0

F = F

= Fd

F = F

nett

=0

nett

=0

2 1 = t 2 t1 t 1 av = 2 = t 2 t1 t av =
at = r
n

s r

Measure of the object rotational inertia/ resistance to change in its angular velocity The product of the angular velocity of a body and its moment of inertia about the rotation axis. A total angular momentum of a system about an rotation axis is constant if no external torque acts on the system. a periodic motion without loss of energy in which the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to its displacement from the

I = mi ri 2
L = I
i =1

= f L

a = 2 x =

d 2x dt 2
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Copyright: Nurul Shaiedah Binti Roslan, Alexander Tan and F6P1(2010/2011) Kolej Matrikulasi Negeri Sembilan

Definition in Semester 1 PST Syllabus equilibrium position (fixed point) and is directed towards the equilibrium position but in opposite direction of the displacement. The maximum magnitude of the displacement from the equilibrium position. The time- varying quantity Indicate the starting point in SHM where the time, t= 0 The direction of vibration of particles is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave. The direction of vibration of particles is parallel to the direction of propagation of wave. The distance moved by a particle from its equilibrium position at every point along a wave.

Amplitude Phase Initial phase angle Transverse wave Longitudinal wave Displacement (Wave) Particle vibrational velocity Wave propagation velocity Wave number wavelength Phase angle Wave speed Stationary waves Principle of superposition Superposition constructive Superposition destructive Node (N) Antinode (A)

y ( x, t ) = A sin (t kx )

v y = A cos (t kx )

v=f Number of cycles of a wave in unit length Measured between two successive crests or troughs. The difference in phase between two sinusoidal varying quantities. Distance travelled by a wave profile per unit time. Produced by the superposition of two harmonic waves of equal amplitude and period but travelling in opposite direction When two or more waves overlap, the het disturbance at any point is the sum of the individual disturbance due to each wave. The resultant amplitude obtained is greater than the individual amplitude The resultant amplitude is zero. The individual amplitude are destroying each other at the moment superposition occurs. A point at which the displacement is zero where the destructive interference occurred. A point at which the displacement is maximum where the constructive interference occurred Page 5

y = A cos kx sin t y = A cos kx sin t

v=f

Copyright: Nurul Shaiedah Binti Roslan, Alexander Tan and F6P1(2010/2011) Kolej Matrikulasi Negeri Sembilan

Definition in Semester 1 PST Syllabus Overtone Harmonics Beats End correction ,c Resonance Doppler effect Intermolecular forces elastic deformation Plastic deformation Stress Strain Young modulus Hookes law Heat Thermal The other tones upper than the fundamental tone (mode) emits by the musical instruments The frequencies, which are multiples of fundamental frequency of a vibrating system Periodic variation in amplitude of sound at a given point due to superposition of two sound waves having slightly different frequencies. Distance between from antinodes in stationary wave to the open end pipe The phenomenon of the occurrence of maximum amplitude when the driving frequency equals the natural frequency of a system forced into oscillation. The change in the apparent (observed) frequency of waves as a result of relative motion between the source and the observer. The forces which exist between molecules can explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Ability of the material to returns back to its original length when load is removed A material is deformed beyond its elastic limit. Force per unit area Ratio of extension length of wire to the original length of wire Ratio of the tensile stress to the tensile strain if the proportionality limit has not been exceeded. Below the proportionality limit, the restoring force, Fs is directly proportional to the extension, e Energy that is transferred from one object to another due to difference in temperature Measuring device: calorimeter A process whereby heat is transferred through a solid from a

f = nf 0
f b = f1 f 2

v vO fO = v v S

fS

F A e l l0 = = l0 l0

Y =

F l Tensile stress = 0 Tensile strain Ae Fs = kx

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Definition in Semester 1 PST Syllabus conduction Thermal Conductivity region of high temperature to a region of lower temperature. A rate of heat flows perpendicularly through the unit cross sectional area of a solid, per unit temperature gradient along the direction of heat flow. Amount of expansion per unit length per unit increase in its temperature. Amount of expansion in area per unit area per unit increase in its temperature Amount of expansion volume per unit volume per unit increase in its temperature The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its volume The volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. A perfect gas which obeys the three gas laws (Boyles, Charless and GayLussacs) exactly. Number of independent ways in which an atom or molecule can absorb or release or store the energy. The mean (average) kinetic energy of every degrees of freedom of a molecule is kT. Or The energy is distributed equally all the effective degrees of freedom of the gas. The sum of total kinetic energy and total potential energy of the gas molecules.

Coefficient of linear expansion Coefficient of area expansion Coefficient of volume expansion Boyles law Charless Law Gay Lussacs (Pressure)Law Ideal gas Degree of Freedom Principle of equipartition energy Internal energy, U

dQ dt k = dT A x l = l0 T
A = A0 T = V0 V T

PV = constant
V = constant T P = constant T PV = nRT PV = NkT f kT 2 f < K >= RT 2 < K >= f NkT 2 f U = nRT 2 U = 0 , Q =W U =

Isothermal

A process that occurs at constant temperature.

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Definition in Semester 1 PST Syllabus Adiabatic Isochoric isobaric As a process that occurs without heat transfer into or out of a system. A process that occurs at constant volume. A process that occurs at constant pressure.
Q =0 , U = W

W = 0 , Q = U
Q = U + PV

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