Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

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Suggested solutions MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics Part I: G-Level WARNING: THERE ARE DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE TEST
Instructions Test period Tools The test

60 minutes Formula sheet, ruler and graphic calculator. For most items a single answer is not enough. It is also expected that you write down what you do that you explain/motivate your reasoning that you draw any necessary illustrations. This test is the first part of a two part test. All problems in this test is of the G-Type, i.e. the minimum requirement for passing!

Total score: Minimum G Higher grade:

46 22 Depends on your performance in part II of the test (Friday 25/09/09)

Name: ________________________ Student Number:

1 a G 1 1 b 1 1 c 1 1 d 2 1 e 2 2 a 1 2 b 1 2 c 2 2 d 1 2 e 1 2 f 2 3 a 1

Class-School: NVC09 Sjdalsgymnasiet

3 b 1

3 c 1

3 d 1

3 E 2

8 a

8 b 1

8 c 1

9 a 3

9 b 3

10 a 3

10 b 3

Tot

46

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Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

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Useful formulas Order of Operations: [], (), exponents (powers), , , +,

(a )

a x a y = a x+ y Note: Both terms share identical base a . ax = a x y ay

x y

= a x y

1 1 = ay y = a y y a a 0 a =1
1 b = a a b

(a b )
x

a x b x = (ab ) Note: Both a and b share identical power, x .

x

y z

= a xz b yz

( a )n = a n n : even number ( a )n = a n n : odd number

( a )( b ) = ab (a )( b ) = ab
a c = ad = bc b d a a a c = 1 = b b b c a c ad + bc + = b d bd a a c c = b b
With addition and subtraction we may add the individual margin of errors! a + b = (427 1) + (5.5 0.5) = 432.5 1.5 a b = (427 1) (5.5 0.5) = 421.5 1.5

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Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

NV-College

In each case, show how you arrived at your answer by clearly indicating all of the necessary steps, formula substitutions, diagrams, graphs, charts, etc.

Part I: You are not allowed to use calculator in this part. Write your answer to the first part on a separate paper. Only after the submission of your solutions to the part one you may be allowed to use your calculator. You may start working with part II before submission of your solutions to part I.

1. Simplify the following expressions to their simplest possible form: 18 a 9 a. [1/0] 3 a6 Suggested Solution: 18 a 9 18 18 a 9 = a 96 = 6 a 3 = 6 a 3 Answer: 6 6 3 a 3 3 a

b. Simplify and express

99 0 9 9 as a fraction 99 98
Answer:

[1/0] 99 0 9 9 1 = 8 99 9 11
[1/0]

Suggested 5olution: 99 0 99 1 9 98 1 = = 8 8 99 9 99 9 11 c. Simplify and express

(5 7 )5 39 (555 552)7 29

in a surd (exact) form

Suggested Solution: (5 7 )5 39 = 25 39 = 32 = 9 37 2 9 2 4 16 (555 552)7 29

a5 a7 d. 4 b Suggested Solution:
3

Answer:

(5 7 )5 39 (555 552)7 29

9 16

[2/0]
3 3

a 5 a 7 a 5+7 a12 a123 a 36 4 = 4 = 4 = 43 = 12 b b b b b

a5 a7 a 36 = 12 Answer: b4 b

e. 2 3 a 3 Suggested Solution:

[2/0] 2 6 64 = a6 a6 Answer: 2 3 a 3

(2

a3

= 2 3(2 ) a 3(2 ) = 2 6 a 6 =

= 2 6 a 6 =

64 a6

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Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

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2. Calculate without the aid of a calculator, and express the final result of the given expressions in a simplest surd (exact) form: 2 a. 3 [1/0] 5 Suggested Solution: 2 3 5 2 15 2 15 2 13 2 13 3 = = = = Answer: 3 = 5 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

3 2 7 5 Suggested Solution: 3 2 3 5 2 7 15 14 15 14 1 = = = = 7 5 7 5 5 7 35 35 35 35
b.

[1/0]

Answer:

3 2 1 = 7 5 35
[2/0]

3 4 +3 2 5 Suggested Solution: 3 4 3 5 4 2 10 15 8 30 15 8 + 30 37 + 3 = + 3 = + = = = 3.7 2 5 2 5 5 2 10 10 10 10 10 10

c. Answer:

3 4 37 +3= = 3.7 2 5 10

180 56 7 60 Suggested Solution: 180 56 60 3 7 8 3 8 // / = = 24 = // 7 60 7 60 1 /

d.

[1/0]

Answer:

180 56 = 24 7 60

7 6 Suggested Solution: 7 5 7 35 5 = = 6 6 6
e. 5

[1/0]

Answer: 5

7 35 = 6 6

7 f. 36 35 6 Suggested Solution: 7 / / 36 = 7 6 = 7 6 = 1 1 = 1 = 1 35 36 35 6 6 5 7 6 5 6 5 30 / / 6

[2/0]

7 1 Answer: 36 = 35 30 6
4

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Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

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3. Calculate and write the final results as a scientific expressions. a.

2 5 (5 3) 52 Suggested Solution: 2 2 5 (5 3) 2 5 2 2 2 5 4 2 20 18 = = = = = 6 52 3 3 3 3
2

[1/0]
3 5 (5 2 ) Answer: = 6 52
2

b. 3.5 10 5 410 7 Suggested Solution:

)(

)
5

[1/0]

(3.5 10 ) (4 10 ) = (3.5 4)(10

5 7

10 7 = 14 10 5+7 = 14 10 2 = 1.4 103

Answer: 3.5 10 5 4 10 7 = 1.4 10 3

)(

c.

81 10 25 3 10 27

[1/0]

Suggested Solution: 8110 25 81 = 10 2527 = 27 10 2 = 2.7 10 1 27 3 10 3

81 10 25 = 2.7 10 1 Answer: 27 3 10

d. 2 10100

[1/0]

Suggested Solution:

(2 10 )
e.

100 7

= 2 7 10 7100 = 128 10 700 = 1.28 10 702

Answer: 2 10100

= 1.28 10702

Calculate without the aids of a calculator and express the final results in decimal form: 2 1 + 4 1 + 51 + 101 + 201 [2/0]

Suggested Solution: Answer: 2 1 + 4 1 + 51 + 101 + 201 = 1.10 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 + 4 1 + 51 + 10 1 + 20 1 = + + + + = 0.5 + 0.25 + 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.05 = 1.10 2 4 5 10 20 Alternative Solutions:

2 1 + 4 1 + 51 + 10 1 + 20 1 =

1 1 1 1 1 10 5 4 2 1 22 + + + + = + + + + = = 1.10 2 4 5 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
5

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Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

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4. Round off 205.0456 to a. two significant figures b. three significant figures c. four significant figures d. five significant figures e. three decimal places. Suggested Solution a. two significant figures: 210 b. three significant figures: 205 c. four significant figures: 205 .0 d. five significant figures: 205.05 e. three decimal places: 205 .046 5. If a = 3 and b = 2 find the value of the expression a 3b 2 ab 3 . Suggested solution:
a 3b 2 ab 3 = ( 3) ( 2 ) ( 3)( 2 ) = 33 2 2 3 2 3 = 27 4 3 8 = 108 24 = 132
3 2 3

[3/0]

[1/0]

Answer: a 3b 2 ab3 = 132 6. On a commercial advertising for a laptop computer sale it is announced that: You get 5% discount and save 175 kr . How much was the original price of the laptop computer, and how much does it cost after the discount? [3/0] Suggested Solutions: First method If 5% of the original price is 175 kr , 5% of the original price is 2 175 kr = 350 kr . Therefore, the original price was 10 350 kr = 3 500 kr . The price of the laptop computer on the sale is 3 500 175 = 3 325 kr . Second method If we denote the original price of the laptop by x 175 17 500 = = 3 325 kr 0.05 x = 175 x = 0.05 5 Therefore, the original price was 10 350 kr = 3 500 kr . The price of the laptop computer on the sale is 3 500 175 = 3 325 kr .

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Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

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7.

3 3 or ? Why? Explain. [1/0] 7 8 3 4 b) Which one is larger or ? Why? Explain and show the necessary calculations. [2/0] 7 9 Suggested solutions: 3 3 a) Answer: > 7 8 3 3 Due to the fact that the denominator of , i.e. 7 is smaller that that of , i.e. due to the 7 8 3 3 is larger than . This may be explained also simply by arguing that fact that 7 < 8 , 7 8 3 3 3 3 3 three is divided by 7 in , while in , three is divided to 8 . Therefore > : i.e. is 7 8 7 8 7 3 3 3 larger than . Answer: > 8 7 8 4 3 b) Answer: > 9 7 3 4 To compare to , we should find the least common denominator of these two 7 9 3 9 4 7 fractions. It is 7 9 = 63 . We may multiply by , and multiply by : 7 9 9 7 3 3 9 27 7 = 7 9 = 63 4 3 28 27 4 3 Answer: > > > 9 7 63 63 9 7 4 = 4 7 = 28 9 9 7 63
a) Which one is larger Alternative Solutions:

3 3 3 8 3 7 24 21 3 3 3 = = = >0 > 7 8 7 8 8 7 56 56 7 8 4 3 4 7 3 9 28 27 28 27 1 4 3 = = >0 > b) = = = 9 7 9 7 7 9 63 63 63 63 9 7

a)

3 3 > 7 8 4 3 Answer: > 9 7

Answer:

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Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

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Part 1.2
You may use calculator in this section. Submit the solutions your solutions to the first part 8. Give the margin of error in the numbers below if they are rounded off correctly: (a) 35.7 m (b) 1.362 s (c) 1.027 4101 kg Suggested solutions: (a) 35.7 0.05 m (b) 1.362 0.0005 s (c) 1.027 4101 0.000 000 05 kg 9. A sunflower of length 90 220 cm may grow at an average rate of 5% per day during a sunny summer day. a. By how much may a 110 cm tall sunflower grow during a sunny summer week? [3/0] b. After how many days is the sunflower doubled in height? [3/0] Suggested Solutions: gested Answer: The sunflower is grown by 45 cm during a sunny summer week. Answer: During the 15th day the sunflower will be doubled in height. a. After one week, i.e. 7 days, the sunflowers is 7 110 (1.05) cm = 154.8 cm tall. Therefore it has grown by 154.8 110 = 44.8 cm 45 cm b. To find the number of days that the sunflower may take to get doubled in length we may use a calculator and multiply 110 cm by 1.05 and count. First Method: With TI-82 and higher we may solve the problem as: 110 cm ENTER ; 2nd , 1.05 ENTER ENTER . The screen of the calculator may seem as in the illustrated figure. Counting the number of ENTER , that is responsible for every line in the screen, and one day in the life of the sunflower, we may realize that during the 15th day of its growth, it has passed 220 cm and therefore has doubled its height. We may check our results by calculating: 15 110 (1.05) cm = 228.7 cm QED!
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100 100 Ans 1.05 115.5 121.3 127.3 133.7 140.4 147.4 154.8 162.5 170.6 179. 2 188.1 197.5 207.4 217.8 228.7

[1/0] [1/0] [1/0]

[1/0] [1/0] [1/0]

Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

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Second Method: Trial-error: We may guess a number for example 10 days, then calculate 10 110 (1.05) cm = 179.2 cm By increasing and adjusting the power of 1.05 we may relatively easily approach 15 110 (1.05) cm = 228.7 cm . Third Method: Graphical Method Using In TI-82 and higher, Press Y = and write: WINDOW Y 1 = 110 1.05 x Xmin = 0 Y 2 = 220 Xmax = 20 Choosing a proper frame! Press WINDOW , and write for example the Xscl = 1 values illustrated above. Press GRAPH Ymin = 0 A graph similar to the illustrated figure below is drawn on the screen. Ymin = 240 Press 2nd CALC then press 5 or choose 5 : intersect of the 7 choices available on the screen. Then respond to the 3 questions of the Yscl = 20 calculator by just pressing ENTER 3 times in a row. The calculators Xres = 1 responds is plotted above.
240 200 160 y (cm) 120 80 40 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 t (days) 12 14 16 18 20

Intersecti on X = 14.2

Y = 220

Fourth Method: Use logarithms (we have not yet studied it) n 110 (1.05) cm = 220 cm Divide both sides by 110: (1.05)n = 2 Take logarithm of both sides: n log (1.05 ) = log (2 )

Use log a = n log a n log(1.05) = log(2 ) Divide both sides by log(1.05) : log(2) n= log(1.05) Answer: During the 15th day the sunflower will be doubled in height. n = 14.2
n

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Suggested solutions G-Level V1MaA1NVCO09 Arithmatics

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10. If a = 630 10 and b = 9.5 0.5 . Find the maximum, the minimum, and the margin of error in the expressions below: (a) a + b [3/0] [3/0] (b) a b [3/0] (c) a b a [3/0] (c) b Suggested solutions: The maximum value of a = 630 10 is amax = 630 + 10 = 640 , and its minimum value is a min = 630 10 = 620 . Similarly the maximum value of b = 9.5 0.5 is bmax = 9.5 + 0.5 = 10 , and its minimum value is bmin = 9.5 0.5 = 9.0 . (a) (a + b )max = amax + bmax = 640 + 10 = 650

(a + b )min = amin + bmin = 620 + 9 = 629 Therefore: 629 a + b < 650 or a + b = (630 10 ) + (9.5 0.5) = 639.5 10.5 .

[1/0] [1/0] With [1/0] [1/0] [1/0]

addition and subtraction we may add the individual margin of errors! (b) (a b )max = amax bmin = 640 9 = 631

With addition and subtraction we may add the individual margin of errors! Note that margin of errors are always added. This is due to the fact that experimental error reported is usually that of the maximum possible error due to the limitations of measuring instruments. [1/0] (c) (a b )max = amax bmax = 640 10 = 6 400

(a b )min = amin bmax = 620 10 = 610 Therefore: 610 a b < 631 or a b = (630 10 ) (9.5 0.5) = 620.5 10.5 .

(a b )min = amin bmin = 620 9 = 5 580

[1/0] [1/0] [1/0]

[1/0] [1/0] [1/0]

Therefore: 5 580 a b < 6 400 a 640 a = 71.1 (c) = max = 9 b max bmin
a 620 a = 62 = min = 10 b min bmax a Therefore: 62 < 71.1 b

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10