CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

I. Background Language consist of two aspects namely form and meaning. In relation to meaning, the smallest meaningful unit in language is morpheme. Morpheme is defined as the smallest meaningful unit of a language. Words are made of morphemes. The word teachers, for example, consists of three meaningful units or morphemes, teach, -er, and s. The morpheme teach forming the word teachers has the lexical meaning; the morpheme er means the doer of teaching; the morpheme s has plural meaning. We can identify the meaning of the morpheme teach although it stands alone but we cannot identify the meaning of morphemes er and s in isolation. We can identify the meaning of the morpheme er and s after they combine to the morpheme teach. The morphemes which can meaningfully stand alone are called free morphemes while the morphemes such as er and s, which cannot meaningfully stand alone are called Bound Morphemes. Bound morphemes must be attached to free morphemes. Bound morphemes are also called affixes which can be classified into prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. English only has two kinds of bound morphemes namely prefixes and suffixes. Bound morphemes are classified into two namely derivational and inflectional morphemes. This articel tries to discuss derivational morphemes. These morphemes are complicated so that understanding what derivational morphemes are is important. II. Problems 1. What is derivational morphemes ? 2. Explain the English derivational prefixes ? Give examples! 3. Explain the English derivational suffixes ? Give examples! III. Purpose In order that student can know whats English derivational morphemes and what words that is English derivational prefixes and English derivational suffixes.

CHAPTER 2 DISCUSSION
1. Derivational Morphemes A derivational morpheme is the morpheme which produce a new lexeme from a base. Derivational morphemes are bound morphemes which derive (create) new words by either changing the meaning or the part of speech or both. Some drivational morphemes create new meaning but do not change the syntactic category or part of speech. In English, derivational morphemes can be prefixes or suffiex. All prefixes in English modify the meaning although they do not modify the syntactic category. All the derivational prefixes explained above have the meaning not. Most derivational suffixes change both the syntactic category and the meaning. Only a few of them do not change the syntactic category. The derivational suffixes which change the syntactic category can be noun-forming suffixes, verb-forming suffixes, adjective-forming suffixes, and adver-forming suffixes. 2. English derivational Prefixes a. Prefixes unPrefix Base Derived Word Meaning unable unable not able unafraid unafraid not afraid unfree unfree not free unimportant unimportant not important unlucky unlucky not lucky untrue untrue not true Based on the examples above the rule of the prefix un- attached to adjectives can be stated as: (un-) + Adjective New Adjective b. Prefix inPrefix InInInInInIn-

Base tolerant efficient expensive formal complete consistent

Derived Word intolerant inefficient inexpensive informal incomplete inconsistent

Meaning not tolerant not efficient not expensive not formal not complete not consistent

c. Prefix reThe meaning of prefix re- is again. Prefix Base Derived Word Rearrange rearrange Recount recount

Meaning arrange again count again

ReReReRe-

print write select adjust

reprint rewrite reselect readjust

print again write again select again adjust again

d. Prefix disThis prefix has several meanings but its basic meaning is not. Prefix Base Derived Word Meaning Dislike dislike not like Disconnect disconnect take apart Discontinue discontinue give up Disagree disagree not agree Disappear disappear be seen no more Disobey diobey not obey e. Prefix misThe new meaning created by this prefix is wrong. Prefix Base Derived Word Misunderstand misunderstand MisMisMisMismatch direct judge remember mismatch misdirect misjudge misremember

Meaning understand wrongly match wrongly direct wrongly judge wrongly remember wrongly

f. Prefix preThe new meaning created by this prefix is before Prefix Base Derived Word Preselect preselect Prearrange prearrange Prewash prewash Precook precook Predetermine predetermine

Meaning select before arrange before wash before cook before determine before

3. English Derivational Suffixes a. Suffixes er The suffix creates a new meaning a person who performs an action. Base Suffix Derived Word (Verb) (Noun) Box Drive Write Speak Sing -er -er -er -er -er boxer driver writer speaker singer

Read Teach Paint

-er -er -er

reader teacher painter

b. Suffix ment This suffix bring the new meaning abstract noun. Base Suffix Derived Word (Verb) (Noun) Govern Move Argue Agree Commit -ment -ment -ment -ment -ment government movement argument agreement commitment

c. Suffix ful The suffix ful is the derivational morpheme which changes the bases (Noun) to Adjective. Base Suffix Derived Word (Noun) (Adjective) Use Beauty Wonder Care -ful -ful -ful -ful useful beautiful wonderful careful

d. Suffix able This suffix able is the derivational morpheme which change the bases (Noun) to A djective. Base Suffix Derived Word (Verb) (Adjective) Predict Eat Sink Understand Base (Noun) Profit Comfort Market -able -able -able -able Suffix predictable eatable sinkable understandable Derived Word (Adjective) profitable comfortable marketable

-able -able -able

e. Suffix ify The suffix ify is the derivational morphemes which change the base to verb. The base can be adjective and noun.

Base (Adjective)

Suffix

Derived Word (Verb)

Specific Clear Pure Base (Noun) Beauty Identity

-ify -ify -ify Suffix

specify clarify purify Derived Word (Verb) beautify identify

-ify -ify

f. Suffix ize The suffix ize is the derivational morphemes which change the base to verb. Base Suffix Derived Word (Noun) (Verb) Victim Apology Memory Base (Adjective) Vocal Local Real -ize -ize -ize Suffix victimize apologize memorize Derived Word (Verb) vocalize localize realize

-ize -ize -ize

CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language. Morphemes can be classified into two namely free morpheme and bound morpheme. Free morphemes are those which can meanngfully stand alone while bound morphemes are the morphemes which cannot meaningfully stand alone. It means that bound morphemes must be attached to other morphemes. Derivational morphemes are bound morphemes or affixes which derive (create) new words by either changing the meaning or the part of speech or both English only has prefixes and suffixes. In English, derivational morphemes can be prefixes and suffixes. Only several prefixes change the part of speech, means that most of the prefixes in English do not change part of speech. On the other hand, most derivational English suffixes change part of speech, only small number of suffixes do not change part of speech.

ASSIGNMENT

MORPHOLOGY
DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES IN ENGLISH

BY NAME : MARTHA YUNITA M. NO. STAMBUK : A1D3 09 037

ENGLISH EXTENSION PROGRAM OF HALUOLEO UNIVERSITY 2011