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DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm TakeOFDM

Adaptive Modulation and Multiuser Diversity in OFDM Transmission Systems

Sonom Olonbayar, Duc Anh Bui, Hermann Rohling Technical University Hamburg-Harburg Department of Telecommunications

Outline

v v v v v

Chosen system and channel parameters Multiuser situation in OFDM based systems Multiuser diversity and subcarrier selection in OFDM-FDMA Adaptive modulation in OFDM-TDMA Simulation results

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

Advantages of OFDM
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Robust to multipath radio channel and efficient removal of ISI Maintaining orthogonality of subcarriers at the output of a radio channel Suitable for high and variable data rate transmission Flexible and adaptable to hostile radio channel conditions

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

Adopted channel model

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WSSUS channel parameters Maximum delay of the channel OFDM symbol duration Number of multipath 3.2 s 16 s 30

Magnitude of channel transfer factor

5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 80 60 120 100 40 80 60 20 20 40 0 0

hT ( , t ) = e
l =1

j ( 2f D ,l t ) l

( l )

number of subcarriers

number of symbols (time axes)

Time variant and frequency selective channel transfer function for a single user

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

System parameters
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OFDM system parameters

Carrier frequency Bandwidth Number of Subcarriers Subcarrier distance f Guard interval OFDM symbol duration Total number of users Convolutional Coder Considered PHY modes f0 =5 GHz B=20 MHz K=256 78125 Hz TG=3.2s Ts =16 s Nu =16 R=1/2 QPSK, 16QAM R=1/2

K = 256
f = 78 kHz

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

Assumptions on system configuration

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v Same data rate for all users

v Perfect channel knowledge at both receiver and transmitter v No shadowing and path loss v Downlink situation Single cell with 16 users at the same distance from BS v Time invariant channel, no Doppler v Perfect syncronisation

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

Multiuser situation
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Subcarrier selection for each user

Time slot selection

Spreading code selection

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

OFDM-FDMA
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Selecting time frequency blocks

Low granularity
1 9

High granularity

Block-1 Block-2

f
256

Block-1 Block-2

f
Block-256

Block-32

t
Time frequency block with 8 adjacent subcarriers low signalling overhead, easy subcarrier selection process

t
Subcarrier specific time frequency block high signalling overhead, high computational complexity for subcarrier selection

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

OFDM-FDMA
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Multiuser diversity
20 10 0 -10

v Subcarriers fade differently from user to user

|H| [dB]

-20 -30 -40 -50 -60 0

OBJECTIVES
v Benefit from multiuser diversity
user 1 user 2
4 8 12 16 20

v Select subcarriers with highest possible SNR

f[MHz]

Magnitude of channel transfer function for a radio channel with multiptath

v Guarantee all users the same QoS

Selection scheme is most important !

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

OFDM-FDMA
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Subcarrier selection algorithm

selection criteria: maximize Z

Z = H i , j xi , j
2 i =1 j =1
user subcarrier

Nu

Selection parameter

xi, j =

1 0

allocation no allocation

under following constraints

subcarrier

x
i =1

Nu

i, j

=1
user one subcarrier is selected at once, users do not share the same subcarriers

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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OFDM-FDMA Simulation results

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BER of a fully loaded (all users are active) OFDM-FDMA (QPSK, R=1/2)
low granularity
10
0

high granularity
adaptive select best subc. select non adaptive select
10
0

10

-1

10

-1

adaptive select best subc. select non adaptive select

10

-2

BER

10

-2

10

-3

BER
10
-3

4dB
10
-4

7dB
10
-4

2dB
10
-5

-6

-4

-2

10

10

-5

SNR (dB)

-6

-4

-2

10

SNR (dB)

8 subcarriers per block, 16 users

1 subcarrier per block, 16 users

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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OFDM-FDMA Simulation results

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BER of OFDM-FDMA (QPSK, R=1/2)

high granularity
10
0

high granularity
10
adaptive select best subc. select non adaptive select
0

10

-1

10

-1

adaptive select best subc. select non adaptive select

10

-2

BER

10

-2

10

-3

BER
10
-3

7dB
10
-4

8dB
10
-4

10

-5

-6

-4

-2

10

10

-5

SNR (dB)

-6

-4

-2

10

SNR (dB)

Fully loaded system

Half loaded system

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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OFDM-FDMA Simulation results

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BER of a fully loaded OFDM-FDMA

high granularity
10
0

high granularity
adaptive select best subc. select non adaptive select
10
0

10

-1

10

-1

10

-2

10

-2

BER

10

-3

BER
10

-3

10

-4

7dB
10

7dB
-4

10

-5

10

-5

best subc select adapt. selection nonadapt select -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

-6

-4

-2

10

-6

SNR (dB)

SNR (dB)

QPSK, R=1/2

16 QAM, R=1/2

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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OFDM-FDMA Simulation results

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90 80

Percentage of ranking

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10

=17.66

=17.47
v In most cases the best subcarriers are selected

90% of selections include best subcarriers

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Ranking of selected subcarriers

Percentage of the ranking of selected subcarriers for a fully loaded system

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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OFDM-TDMA
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Adaptive modulation 256QAM 64QAM 16QAM QPSK BPSK Not used due to low SNR Subcarriers
Algorithms: Chow, Cioffi and Bingham: capacity maximization Fischer: Error probability minimization Grnheid: simple blockwise loading algorithm Hughes-Hartogs: sets target rate R, intensive searching

Average SNR
DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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OFDM-TDMA Simulation results

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Adaptive modulation (average 2 bits per subcarrier)

10
0

adapt modulation fixed modulation

10
-1

10

-2

BER

Bit loading by Fischer Algorithm

1.5 dB

10

-3

10

-4

10

-5

-6

-4

-2

10

SNR (dB)

OFDM-TDMA with fixed and adaptive modulation (R=1/2)

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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OFDM-CDMA
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v Single User Detection

Despread signals with corresponding spreading codes Loss of orthogonality between spread codes due to multi access interference (MAI) MMSE Equalization required

v Multi User Detection

Removal of MAI improved performance High computational complexity

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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Simulation results
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BER performance comparison between OFDM multiple access techniques (QPSK, R=1/2)
10
0

OFDM-CDMA
10
-1

10

-2

OFDM-TDMA
-3

BER
10

10

-4

5dB OFDM-FDMA

2.5dB

10

-5

-6

-4

-2

10

SNR (dB)

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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Conclusion
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OFDM-FDMA with adaptive subcarrier selection (multiuser diversity) outperforms both OFDM-TDMA with adaptive modulation and SUD OFDM-CDMA

Subcarrier selection scheme plays a central role for OFDM-FDMA OFDM-TDMA achieves better performance with the introduction of adaptive modulation compared with the fixed modulated OFDM-TDMA

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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Thank you for the attention

DFG-Kolloquium, Karlsruhe, 15-16. Feb 2005

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