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A
Extension of qualified fter months of back and forth a legislative victory before sum-
dividend tax cuts negotiations, a House-Senate mer. Congress has been bogged
✔ AMT relief conference committee released down with immigration and lobby
H.R. 4297, the Tax Increase Prevention reform as well as trying to respond
✔ Extended small and Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Tax to high energy prices. The official
business expensing Reconciliation Act). The House promptly name of this new law carries a
✔ Extension of Subpart F approved the bill on May 10, 2006, by “2005” designation because it is
active-financing exception a vote of 244 to 185 and the Senate fol- in fact a carryover from last year’s
✔ Changes to corporate lowed the next day by a vote of 54 to 44. budget. Expectations are that,
estimated tax payments President Bush signed the bill into law at given mid-term elections, there
✔ Modification of test for tax- a While House ceremony on May 17. will be no further tax measures
free corporate spin-offs The Tax Reconciliation Act im- this year under the auspices of the
pacts a broad cross-section of taxpay- “budget process.”
✔ Changes to income ers. The new law extends the contro-
limitations on versial dividend and capital gains tax
Roth IRA conversions rate cuts for two more years beyond
MORE ON THE WAY
✔ Expanded kiddie tax 2008, gives taxpayers some immediate To reach an agreement, and keep within
relief from the alternative minimum tax budget constraints, conferees removed
(AMT), extends small business expens- some important provisions which will
ing thresholds, and allows high-income likely appear in stand-alone legisla-
taxpayers a Roth conversion opportu- tion, a “trailer” bill, or could be tacked
Inside this Issue nity. Moreover, it makes over 20 other onto the pending pension reform bill.
AMT relief .................................. 1 significant changes. These additional provisions include:
Conferees worked for many extending the state and local sales tax
Dividend and capital
gains rate cuts ........................ 2 weeks before pressure from Congres- deduction, the teachers’ classroom
sional leaders and the White House expense deduction, R&D provisions,
Small business expensing ....... 3 encouraged an agreement. While the some employment tax credits, and other
Subpart F.................................. 3 final bill has undergone many changes popular but temporary incentives.
since it started as last year’s 2005
Corporate estimated
reconciliation bill, it still contains AMT RELIEF
tax payments ........................... 3
$70 billion in net tax cuts. It also
CERCLA settlement funds....... 4 contains $20 billion in revenue raisers The Tax Reconciliation Act extends
Revenue Raisers ...................... 4 that should get the attention of a wide and increases-for 2006 only-the AMT
variety of taxpayers. exemption amount for individuals. It
Roth IRAs .................................. 4 also lessens the sting of the AMT for
No Shows ................................. 7 Comment The compromise bill 2006 by allowing the use of certain
came together after prodding by nonrefundable personal credits.
the White House, which wanted Continued on page 2
2
2006 Legislation Update
Despite dire predictions about the AMT and Republicans credit this tax cut with published guidance which dividends and
soon becoming the “regular” tax for spurring economic growth, Democrats capital gains are eligible.
millions of middle-income Americans, decry it as a give-away to the wealthy.
Congress hasn’t found the wherewithal Extending this tax break
to repeal the AMT or reform it. The The dividend and represents a significant tax cut
Tax Reconciliation Act, like many tax capital gains tax rate cut is so for many of those affected. Once
bills before it, merely provides limited controversial that Republicans the extension ends in 2011, capi-
AMT relief. knew they could only get it tal gains will effectively be taxed
Higher AMT exemption amounts. through Congress as part of a tax at a 33.33 percent higher rate (20
Through December 31, 2006, taxpayers reconciliation bill, which requires percent instead of 15 percent);
will be able to take advantage of higher only a simple majority in the while those in the highest tax
AMT exemption amounts. The AMT House and Senate to pass. Oth- bracket (set to revert to 39.6 per-
exemption amount for married couples erwise, a stand-alone bill would cent) will pay over 160 percent
filing jointly is $62,550 and for single require at least 60 votes in the more tax on dividends.
taxpayers is $42,500. Senate to pass and no Democrat
would sign on.
Without this 2006-only The extension through
retroactive relief, an additional 15 December 31, 2010, now aligns
million taxpayers, many of them the dividend and capital gains
middle-class, would be subject to tax rate cuts with the tax cuts
the AMT. Congress will have to face “These provisions enacted in the Economic Growth
similar “dire consequences” again affect a broad spec- and Tax Relief Reconcilia-
for 2007. trum of taxpayers, tion Act of 2001 (EGTRRA),
including the lower individual
including investors,
marginal income tax rates, mar-
The Working Families job creators and mid- riage penalty relief and tempo-
Tax Relief Act of 2004 extended the dle-income families,” rary repeal of the federal estate
higher AMT exemption amounts Ways & Means Com- tax. All the tax cuts in EGTRRA
through December 31, 2005, but at mittee Announce- will sunset after December
lower levels ($58,000 for married 31, 2010, and at this time, it’s
ment, May 10, 2006.
couples filing jointly and $40,250 for anyone’s guess whether Con-
single taxpayers). gress will extend them. The
current White House and many
Nonrefundable personal credits. Republicans in Congress want
The Tax Reconciliation Act extends In 2003 Congress lowered the maxi- to, but many lawmakers, and
through 2006 the provision allowing mum dividend and capital gains tax rates not only Democrats, believe the
taxpayers to use nonrefundable per- – for most, but not all, dividends and country cannot afford them with
sonal credits to offset AMT liability. capital gains – to 15 percent for qualify- the federal budget deficit at an
Nonrefundable personal credits in- ing taxpayers. Taxpayers in the 10- and all-time high. Therefore, the
clude the dependent care credit, the 15-percent tax brackets are eligible for possibility of higher tax rates
credit for the elderly and disabled, an even lower rate of five percent. In should be considered in any
the credit for interest on certain home 2008, the rate for taxpayers in the 10- long-term tax strategy.
mortgages, the Hope credit for certain and 15-percent tax brackets falls to zero.
college expenses and the Lifetime As originally enacted, these tax rate cuts
Learning credit. were temporary. They were scheduled to CAPITAL GAINS
expire at the end of 2008.
The Tax Reconciliation Act extends Self-created musical works. The Tax
DIVIDEND AND CAPITAL these cuts for two more years through Reconciliation Act allows taxpayers
GAINS RATE CUTS December 31, 2010. to elect to treat the sale or exchange
of self-created musical compositions
No recent tax cut has been as controversial Reminder. Not all dividends and or copyrights as the sale or exchange
as the dividend and capital gains tax rate cut capital gains qualify for the lower rates. of a capital asset. This special treat-
enacted in 2003. While the White House Since 2003, the IRS has explained in ment is effective for sales or ex-
changes in tax years beginning after $108,000 and $430,000, respectively. tions with assets of at least $1 billion
the President signs the new law and Without the extension, the expensing that are due in 2006, 2012 and 2013.
before January 1, 2011. limit would have dropped to $25,000 on Payments due in July, August and
a $200,000 cap after 2007. September 2006 are increased to 105
Despite some initial percent; payments due in July, August
proposals to lower the capital and September 2012 to 106.25 percent;
gains tax rate on collectibles, the
SUBPART F and payments due in July, August and
final bill leaves the current 28- Active financing and insurance in- September 2013 to 100.75 percent.
percent tax rate on collectibles come. The American Jobs Creation Delayed due date. 20.5 percent
unchanged. Act of 2004 carved a temporary excep- of the corporate estimated tax payment
tion from Subpart F taxation for active due on September 15, 2010, will not be
Amortization of song rights. In a financing and insurance income. This due until October 1, 2010. 27.5 percent
related music-industry development, special treatment was set to expire at of the corporate estimated tax payment
the Act permits a taxpayer that puts the end of 2006. The Tax Reconcilia- due on September 15, 2011, will not be
any musical composition or musical tion Act extends the temporary excep- due until October 1, 2011.
copyright into service to elect to use tion through December 31, 2008.
the five-year amortization period for New exception. The Tax Reconcilia-
certain expenses paid or incurred with tion Act also creates another temporary
DISTRIBUTIONS
respect to all musical compositions exception from Subpart F by providing OF CONTROLLED
and musical composition copyrights a look-through exception for dividends, CORPORATIONS -
placed in service in that tax year. interest, rents, and royalties received by ACTIVE BUSINESS TEST
one controlled foreign corporation (CFC)
This will allow music from a related CFC to the extent attribut- The Tax Reconciliation Act also
publishers to amortize advances able to non-Subpart F income of the payor. simplifies the active business test for
they make to song writers over The new temporary exception is effective tax-free corporate spin-offs. Taxpay-
five years. for tax years beginning after December ers can look at all corporations in the
31, 2005, and before January 1, 2009. distributing corporate group and the
spun-off subsidiary’s respective affili-
SMALL BUSINESS ated group to determine if the active
EXPENSING CORPORATE business test is satisfied.
ESTIMATED TAX
Since 2003, Congress has enhanced PAYMENTS By applying the test
small business expensing under Code at the group level, the necessity
Sec. 179 several times to encourage Increases for large corporations. for corporate restructuring to
business investment. The Tax Rec- The Tax Reconciliation Act increases satisfy the active business test
onciliation Act continues this special estimated tax payments for corpora- may be avoided.
treatment. The enhanced small
business expensing thresholds in
the American Jobs Creation Act
of 2004 are extended through 2008 Tax Savings (in percentage of total tax liability)
December 31, 2009. For Taxpayers With Qualified Dividend And Long
Term Capital Gains Income
The maximum amount a
taxpayer may expense is $100,000 % Saved From Quali- % Saved From Long-Term
of the cost of qualifying property, AGI fied Dividend Income Capital Gain Income
reduced by the amount by which $50K and Under 7.6 % 10.2%
the cost of qualifying property ex- $50K to $75K 3.6% 5.3%
ceeds $400,000. Both amounts are
$75K to $100K 2.5% 3.8%
indexed for inflation for tax years
$100K to $200K 2.0% 3.6%
beginning after 2003 and before
2010. These amounts are increased $200K and Over 2.2% 7.6%
for Gulf Opportunity Zone prop- *Data issued by the JCT.
erty. For 2006, the amounts are
C C H T A X B R I E F I N G
4
2006 Legislation Update
Under current law, the kiddie tax applies effect September 30, 2000. The Tax cent (computed on a daily basis) of
if the child is under age 14, the child Reconciliation Act repeals this FSC the foreign earned income exclusion
has net unearned income over $1,700, transition rule. limitation, multiplied by the number of
and the parent can claim the child as a days of foreign residence or presence
dependent. The Tax Reconciliation Act ETI binding contract relief. The Tax in that year.
raises the age limit to under 18. Reconciliation Act repeals a similar ETI
transition rule. Reasonable foreign
This provision is effec- housing expenses over the base
tive immediately, for the entire These provisions had to amount may be excluded from
2006 tax year. Parents who had be repealed because the World Trade gross income. The exclusion
planned to sell a child’s college Organization (WTO) had deter- amount is limited to 30 percent
stock portfolio after age 13 and mined they were illegal. If Congress of the maximum amount of a
before entering college have no did not repeal them, the U.S. risked taxpayer ’s foreign earned in-
opportunity now to accelerate billions in trade sanctions. come exclusion. For 2006, the
that planning technique if the maximum amount for the foreign
child is over 13. If the family was housing cost exclusion is $11,536
planning to postpone a sale until WAGE LIMITATION if the taxpayer lives year-round in
2008, when the rate for capital IN CODE SEC. 199 a foreign residence.
gains would be zero, that’s a loss
of 15 percentage points on the tax Code Sec. 199 allows a deduction The Tax Reconciliation Act also
otherwise not due on the sale of from taxable income for the portion of sets the tax brackets for any income in
stock or other portfolio assets. a taxpayer’s income that arises from excess of the exclusion amount. Any
qualified production activities but limits income over the exclusion will be sub-
the deduction to 50 percent of the wages ject to the tax rate applicable had the
WITHHOLDING paid by the taxpayer in the same calendar taxpayer not elected the exclusion.
ON GOVERNMENT year. Partners, shareholders, or other
PAYMENTS persons who are allocated part of quali-
TAX SHELTERS
fied production activities income (QPAI)
Effective in 2011, federal, state and from passthrough entities were treated as Tax-exempt entities that are parties to
local government agencies must having been allocated their share of the tax shelter transactions risk penalties
withhold three percent on payments partnership’s wages. under the new law. The penalties are
for services or property provided by The Tax Reconciliation Act modifies imposed on tax-exempt entities and
a taxpayer. Agencies must report the the wage limitation by limiting the deduc- on any entity manager that causes the
payments and the amount withheld tions to 50 percent of the wages that are entity to be a party to the tax shelter
to the IRS. The new requirement will deducted in arriving at QPAI. Partners transaction. The tax-exempt entities are
not apply to payments determined by and shareholders will be allocated their subject to disclosure requirements and
a needs or income test, such as food share of the partnership’s W-2 wages but the parties to a prohibited tax shelter
stamps or welfare payments. will include in their wage limit only wages transaction are required to disclose to
paid to determine QPAI. tax-exempt entities the fact that it is a
prohibited transaction.
FSC/ETI REPEAL
FSC binding contract relief. The
CODE SEC. 911 Congress has been
FSC regime has been repealed; but HOUSING EXCLUSION particularly concerned about the
still in place is a transition rule that role of tax-exempts in tax shelters,
allowed for FSC relief for transac- Code Sec. 911 provides an exclusion especially as promoters have been
tions in the ordinary course of a from gross income for certain foreign seeking new vehicles for tax shel-
trade or business occurring before housing costs in an amount equal to the ters. This provision could be just
January 1, 2002, or after December excess of a taxpayer’s housing costs over the first of many that crack down
31, 2001, pursuant to a binding a base housing amount. on exempt-organizations that will-
contract between the taxpayer and The Tax Reconciliation Act sets ingly – or unwittingly – participate
an unrelated person which was in a new base housing amount at 16 per- in abusive transactions.
C C H T A X B R I E F I N G
6
2006 Legislation Update
AMORTIZATION 30%
OIC Partial Payments
OF GEOLOGICAL
AND GEOPHYSICAL 31% Minor Age Increase
EXPENDITURES
Currently geological and geophysi- 10% Government
cal (G&G costs) expenses are costs payment withholding
incurred for gathering data to acquire 10% 9%
mineral properties. G&G costs for Other*
oil and gas exploration in the U.S.
can be amortized over two years.
The Tax Reconciliation Act requires * Earnings stripping rules for C corps; Interest reporting on tax-exempt for bonds;
amortization of G&G costs over five 5-year G&G amortization; FIRPTA gains; Controlled Corp Distributions; Pooled
years for certain major integrated oil financing loan requirements; Repeal FSC/ETI binding contract relief; Modify wage
companies. This proposal applies limits for Sec. 199; Involvement with tax shelter transactions.
to amounts paid or incurred after the
date of enactment.
is a disqualified investment corporation if While some of these “extenders” may limitations despite strong support
the investment assets are 3/4 or more of yet find their way into the “trailer from some lawmakers:
the fair-market value of the corporation’s bill” that Senator Charles Grassley, Charitable giving incentives, in-
total assets. Special rules apply in the case R-Iowa, and chairman of the Senate cluding a charitable deduction for
of securities marked to market and where Finance Committee, is determined to non-itemizers, tax-free distributions
a transaction involves stock issued by a push through Congress this spring, from IRAs for charitable donations,
corporation that is a 20-percent controlled many are considered “off the table” exclusion of mileage reimbursements
entity with respect to the distributing or for the rest of 2006. These include: from income, contributions of façade
controlled corporation. The welfare-to-work and work op- easements, and contributions of food
portunity tax credits; and book inventory;
Archer Medical Savings Accounts; Restructuring of New York Liberty
POOLED 15-year straight-line depreciation for Zone incentives;
FINANCING BONDS lease and restaurant improvements; Interest deduction for mortgage pre-
Enhanced percentage depletion from mium insurance;
The Tax Reconciliation Act modifies marginal wells; Codification of the economic sub-
the requirements that pooled financing Increased ceiling for Zone Academy stance doctrine; and
bonds must meet in order to retain their Bonds; Additional tax shelter provisions, in-
tax-exempt status. Increased expensing of environmental cluding increased penalties on tax shel-
remediation costs; and ter promoters, frivolous submissions,
NO SHOWS Parity requirement for mental health interest deductions for transactions lack-
Congress chose not to extend a benefits. ing economic substance, and increased
number of tax incentives that either Congress also chose not to adopt taxes for offshore arrangements, corpo-
have expired or will soon expire. some new tax incentives and rate inversions, and expatriates.
Count on CCH to provide you with practical and timely resources to help you
understand and comply with the newest tax laws.
Standing
Qty. Order Item
_____ ❏ 2007 U.S. Master Tax Guide® (05957301)
_____ ❏ Internal Revenue Code: Income, Estate, Gift,
Employment and Excise Taxes (04403301)
_____ ❏ Income Tax Regulations, As of July, 2006
(04471301)
_____ ❏ Tax Planning Strategies, 2006-2007 (04453301)
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