Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Introduction
When different things are all put together, we say that they are mixed or they form a
mixture. The same concept holds for chemistry. A mixture is a system (a system is just the
part of the Universe we are studying) formed by different things. Sometimes mixtures are
coarse mixtures as the parrot’s food shown in the figure below (left). In these cases we can
se the parts and separate them just manually or using squeezers. But what in the case we
have a mixture of talc and water? We can still see both things (components) in the mixture:
the specks swirling around in the liquid. This class of mixture is called a dispersion. The
separation of both components is not as easy as for the parrot’s food.
And what if we mix a spoonful of salt with a glass of water? Now after some time we won’t
even notice if we have one or two substances! The liquid will be transparent (see-through).
It will look as if it were just one thing. These homogeneous systems (no different parts
seen) are called solutions.
Some systems seem to be homogeneous but are very fine dispersions and must be seen
through a microscope to tell whether they are mixtures or no. Examples of these systems
are mayonnaise and milk. In fact, almost any liquid that looks opaque or turbid is a mixture:
pure liquids (except for liquid metals and alloys) are transparent (not necessarily
colourless).
Aims
To observe and classify some mixtures. To separate the components of a mixture
Materials
You will need a test tube rack, test tubes, pipettes, teat pipettes, spatula, funnel, iron ring,
stand, filter paper, evaporating dish, Bunsen burner, tripod, wire gauze.
Procedure
1- Fold a filter paper in fourths (the teacher will show you how).
2- Put it on a funnel; three folds on one side the other one opposite. Filter paper will
look like a cone. Hold it straight up by means of an iron ring clamped to a retort
stand. See that the tip of the funnel dips into a clean test tube.
3- Pour the calcium carbonate suspension all at once into filter and wait it to drain
completely.
4- Add 2 cm3 of water to the test tube to rinse it, and
pour it on the filter so that the solid is completely
transferred to it. The substance in the filter is called
the residue. The transparent liquid that passed
down the filter to the test tube is called the filtrate.
(See diagram)
5- Unfold the filter paper and let it dry. You will have separated calcium carbonate
from water
Part Three: Separating the Components of a Solution by Evaporation