201 -Ioumalof llill Agriculture2( 1): 28-32,January-June I

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Evaluationof someIRCTN rice genotypes cold toleranceand leaf for blastdisease under temperate Kashmir conditions
GS SAI{GHERA . AM TIUSSAIM . ALI AIIWER. SC KASHYAP

Received:Sept I 2, 20 I 0; Revised:January 17, 20ll: Accepted:February t 6, 20 I I

ABSTRACT In this study, 68 IRCTN genotypes of rice were grown under temperate conditions for their evaluation to cold tolerance and leaf blast disease. Eighteen genotypes were founci cold tolerant based on spike f'ertility(>90%) and seedlingcolour score(<3). However, evaluation against ieaf blast resistance reveaied that none of the genotypes was immune or highiy resistant,while 2l genotypeswere resistantand 18 were,moderately resistantthat exhibit blast incidence lessthan l0% and ll-20%, respectively.Morphological resultedin observations showedthat low temperature stunting of plant, delayed growth and poor panicle exsertionwhich led to poor phenotypic acceptability in cf genci"'pes general. Four genotypes viz. IRi367, L 10573. M I LLIN an d O L B YE 2 w e re fo u n d tc be promising possessing cold tolerance (>90Vospikelet (PDI<10%) fbrtiliW) coupledwith leaf blast resistance and other desirable traits showine their usefulnessin future rice breeding.

irrigation is melting snow at the higher rangesadversely affect the establishment ofrice nurseries(Sanghera and Wani 2008). Further, the mean temperature during the growing period rangesfrom 130to 260C.The growing period is limited to 120 tol35 days.During the growing season, the temperatures are rather low. The days are long, nights are cool and wider differences exist between daily maximum and minimum temperatures. The lower temperatureat seedling (April-May) and reproductive stages is one of the major problem results in slow establishment low seedsetwhich leadsto pooryields and ofthe crop (Sanghera al. 200 I ). et

The incidence of leaf blast (Magnaporthe grisea) is another rnajor constraint to adoption of modern rice cui ti vars i n ternperate coadi ti ons, w hi ch occur s sporadically every year but may occur in severe fbrrn (endemic form) in such a growing seasonwhen, water stress,medium temperature(20-22 0C),cloudy weather with high humiditv prevails for a longerperiod resultsin tremendous losses in rice production. Therefore, the INTRODUCTION reported is an attempt to know the suitability of some exotic IRCTN (International Rice Cold Tolerance Pjce(Oryza sativaL.) is an important cerealcrop and N ursery) genotypes possessi ng tol erance to l ow a staple fbod for majority of people in Kashmir. In the temperatureand blast diseaseunder temperatecondition valley it is cultivated within an altitude of 1560-1800m amsl,expanding 30.2501o 35.20Nlatitudeand740to75.250 of Kashmir valley. E longitude. The entire areais irrigated and the sourceof . MATERIAISANDMETHODS
Sanghera GSr . Hussaini AMr . Anwer Ali2 . Kashyap SC' rRice Research and RegionalStation,Sher-e-KashmirUniversity ofAgricultural Sciencesand Technolory of Kashmir, Khudwani, Anantnag,Jammuand Kashmir - 192 102, India, 2Divisionof Plant Pathology,Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences Technolory of Kashmiq Shalimar,Srinagar,Jammu and and Kashmir -' 190 121, India (E) Gulzar S Sanghera EmaiI : g_singh72@rediffmail.com

The materi al used for study consi sted of 68 genotypesoriginating from I I countriesobtained from IRRI, Manila, Philippines under INGER (International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice) programme to determine their suitability under temperateconditions of Kashmir. The composition of entries obtained in IRCTN involves both indica (20) and japonica (48) ecotypes of rice. Thirty day old seedlings of these genotypes were transplanted in 4 rows of 3 m length (unreplicated). Seedlingswere transplantedat the rate

Journalof HillAgriculture (Volume 2, No. I January-June l) 201

29 promising cold tolerant genotypes having low leaf discolourationscore (1-3) that remainedgreen after l0 days in the I 2 0Ccold water tank. Saini and Tandon( 1986) reported that screening for cold tolerance using leaf disclourationscore at seedling stage is easy and under simple genetic control. Spikelet fertility of genotypes understudy rangedfrom3'l .32 to 96.53 % which implies that anthesis I reproductive stage of rice was the mosi sensitive to low temperature that led to poor seed set. Khan et al. (1986) also observedsimilar results whiie selectingfor toleranceto low temperaturein rice based on spikelet sterility at anthesis. Data given in Table i showed that the japonica cultivars have high spikelet :91.23 %) ferriliry (52.09 - 96.53 Yo)than indico (,37.32 cultivars implying greater sensitivitv of indica rice to low temperature. Theseresultsare in completeagreernent with earlier findings of Glaszmannet al. (1990) and Sanghera et al. (2001). Basedon high spikeletfertility (>90 %), I 8 genotypes including one indica and.17 japonica were found tolerant to low temperature under Kashmir conditions.Rasolofo(1980) evaluated182accessions for cold tolerance and found 14 outstandingcold tolerant genotypeshaving hiCh (t 90 %) spikelet fertility. Under natural incidence of M. grisea revealed that none of genotypes was immune or highly resistant as the weather conditions like temperature(2A-24 0C) and reiative humidity (80-90 %) has accelerated disease the pressure during crop seaso$ (lig l) which were favourable to increase the sporulation . However, promising entries showing resistant and moderately resistantreaction are presentedin Table 2. Data appended that per cent diseaseincidence(PDI) ofthese genotypes

of one seedlingper hill with inter and intra row spacing of 20 and l5 cm, respectively.Normal package of practiceswere followed to get an ideal crop stand.f)ata were scoredon ten randomly selected competitiveplants plant height (cm), seedling vigor, on tillaring ability, per panicleexsertion. centspikeletfertility and incidence leaf blast, while days to 50% flowering, days to of maturi4/, cold tolerance (leaf discoloration score) and phenotypic acceptability were adjudged on plot basis as per standardeValuationsystem(SES) for rice (IRRI 2003). Data collected were subjected to statistical analysisusing DMR| (Duccan's Multiple Range T'est) asdetailedby Gomezand Gomez(1984). RESULTSAI\[D DISCUSSION Sixb" eight entries of IRCTN having 2A indica and 48 japonica varieties were evaluated under temperate conditionsof Kashmir at an elevationof 1560m amsl to identif, promising culturespossessing toleranceto low temperature and leaf blast (Magnaporthe grisea) disease.The agro-meteorologicaldata for crop seasorr are detailedin Fig l. The averageminimum and maximum temperatures during crop period spannedfrom I 1.440C ta29.94 oCcoupledwith relativehumidiry (89.02o/o) and mean 8.80 h/day sunshine. The experimentaistationlies between340N latitudeand 760Elongitudeat an elevation of 1560m amsl imply'ng it as ideai piace firr e'raluetion of rice againstlow temperatureunder field conditions. PerusalofTable I showedthat ofthe 68 enkies scored for leafdiscolouration (l-9 score) at seedlingstage, l6 genotypes exhibited low seedlingcolour score (<3) can be consideredcold tolerant. Rasolofo ( I 980) identified l9

.4-Min

Temp.(C) (mm)

-B-Max

Temp(C)

*Relative *Evaporation

bumidity (%i (mm)

-0-Rainfall 80 70 60
c)

...ix-Sun shinehours

50 40 30

20 t0 0 August
September

Fig I Mean monthly metrological data for crop season (2008-09).

30

GS SANGHERA. AM HUSSAINI I ALI ANWER. SC KASHYAP

and stage their per centspikeletfertility undertemperatc score(<5) at seedling with cold tolerance Table I IRCTN rice genotypes of conditions Kashmir PACP Exs Mat Vg TP .' HT (cm) DFF sF (o/o)
Genotype Leaf colour score (l-9)

cT6742-F2-CA-5 Hl 2 4 -36- l- l rR6l009-37-2-l-2 IR72 K3 9 -9 6- l- l- l- 2 cr6747-F2-CA-8 cT6749-36-7-2-M-M DONGHAECHAL ECHUCA GLUJUI H2'14-16-r-r HAMNAM 15 BARKAT(K78-13 HEXI 5 HS-379 16 HSC I Rl 3 6 7 L 1 0 5 73 MILLIN MILYAN 80 OLBYE2 ONPOI 45 STEJAREE 6 ONPO 14 RYONSONG IO SIJUNG YUNLEN I5 YUNLEN4 3 ZHONGYI.J TASUMIMOCHI

5 5 ) ) 5
J

82.98d" 78.17d 8 84.1 d" 88.88"r 9l.23tt 8232e 92.54 tt 91.53fE 93.75tt 87.40"r 82.58d' 95.70t 96.03r 94.34t 91. 81r 79.04d 91.7118 92.72ft 90.67r 83.34d' 91. 84f s 95.6AE 95.24t 96.53s 88.62"f 89.59f 93.57ts 93.46t8 82. 16d' 88. 05. f

9 lb l20s ll3d

82"
90d 72"D 70 "b 94d" 88d 89d 72'h 8 lb"

l0.l b 7.0' 12.2e 14.8.d 17.3d. 7.2' 8.5 .b 12.2e 6.5' 13.0b" 1 5 . 3d 8.2 "b 1 0 . 2b 12.3 b. 16.3d" 7.5 "b 9.2* 14.2d 9.6 "b 1 3 . 6" 5.6. 1 4 . 6d 6.3. 15.0"d 1 6 . 3d " 12.4v 24.5t 7.5rt 1 5 . 3d 8.3 "b

5 I 3 I 3 3 5 5 3 5 3 3 I 5 5 5 I I I 5 5 5 I 5 3 5 I 3 I 5

1 3 9b 149. 1 3 8b 1 5 8f 128" 1 3 90 l3l. l4l b" l4l b" 1 5 0" 147"d l2'l' 137 b l4l h 1 3 3. 129. 133' 129. 137 b l4l b 14l b. 14l k 1 3 7b 1 3 7b l4l h 1 4 4h 1 3 9b 137 b 14l b 14l b"

l19
9 lb 9 lb 87"b

82'
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98f 96f ggf l 0l f8 I l 4h 107 c ggd

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Tesl significantll !i{ere1t at 57o level of Duccan's Multiple Range In a column, meansfollowed by the common letters are not nowerlng;HT- height;TP-r-Tillersper plant; Mat- daysto maturity SF- spikelet fertility; DFF- daysto soy" Abbreviations: plants score(CTol): l-dark green;3-light green;S-lightyellow Leaf discoloration or 5- Intermediate normal S".Otingvigour (Vg): l-Extra vigour; 3-Vivrous; 5well exserted; just exserted panicleexsertion (Exs): l-well eiseried;3- Moderately pf,"notypir acceptabillty (PACP): l- Excellent;3- Good; S-Fair; 7- Poor

by has field genotypes-under conditions beenreported rangedfrom3.50-lg.0percent.Ofthegenotypesscored, et (Rana al' 1977'Saifulla al' 1995'Bhat et earlieiworkers viz. fle indica cultivars lu25g24-51-2-3,IR5638i-iiS-ietal'2001)' 2-2,8,57259-g-2-l-3,tr(72andSUMADEL(PSBRC46)and of and incidence of H150,H257'2-l-1, A comparison cold tolerance ltiaponf"arypesnamelyGRALOO, somegenotypes in Table3 revealed leaf rnzd-3o-z-t,iiE)0 25,R63347-AC20I-1,1R64630-16-2-3, blasrappended (>90 % spikeletfertility) and L10573(ACC6S106),MILLIN,MILYAN80,OLBYE2, had high cold tolerance while otherhavelow cold blastresistance, low level of RyoNSoNGl4,yuNLEN4,yuNLm,t ls,zHONGJIAl2g (<75%fertility)andhighblastresistance(<10 leaf blast and tolerance to resistant and ZHONGyU 3 showed between field implieslack of correlation natural pDI incidence) (<5) under 7odisease and exhibited (<10o/o) scored (l l-20%) showed cold tolerance and blast resistancewhich may be while other l8 with PDI conditions, Mao et of attributedto differencesin weatherconditions. Similarly,varietalresistance rice resistance. moderate

i'e Journalof Hitl Agriculture(Volume2, No' I January-Jr: 20I I )

1l

on certain IRCTN rice genotypes Table 2 Mean spikelet fertility, per cenr disease incidence (PDI) and leaf discoloration score grown under temperate Kashmir cOnditions Genotype Hl2 4 -3 6-l-l Per cent disease incidence(PDI) Spikelet fcrtility (o/o) d 78 . 1 7 83.33d" 83.75d. 85.35d" 76.93d 83.33d' 43 . 4 8 . 57.50b d 88 . 8 8 85 . 8 8 . 37.32' 52.00b 8232d" 86.84.f 87.40'r 65 . 3 9 . 89.19f 85.42' 95.70t 75.93d 66.67" 6E.20'f 76.93r 9l .7l tr 92.72r8 80.03d 90.67t 83.34d' 9 1 . 8 4f 8 88.62"r 86.96.f 93.75f8 52.490 82.160"
J
J

Leaf discoloration score

Exs

PACP

Ht3-4-r^2-2 Hl5- F3- 3- 1 lH23 23- l- l I -2-3 IR25924-5 r R5638l- I 55- t-2-2 rR56394-70-l -2-2 IR57259-9-2-l-3 IR72 IOIO SUMADEL(PSBRC-46) IR84-1916 cT6749-21-4-3-M-l-M GIGANTEVERCELLI GILJUI GRALOO Hl50 H257-2-l-l H2',t0-30-2-r HAMNAM 15 HEXI 25 1'.1 IS,5l ?26-4e-?rR63347-AC20l-l IR64630-16-2-3 IRl367 (ACC68I06) L 10573 LAVAl4l8 MILLIN MILYAN 80 OLBYE2 14 RYONGSONG Y R5r 90- 16- 2-1-2 YUNLEN 15 ZHONGJIAI29 ZHONGYU3

t5.20d . 18.90 14.26tr I l .l 8 d 5 .7 0 .b 9.80 " n.20d" 6.40.b 7 .6 0 h 10.00 " 4 .5 0 . d 14.90 e 1 7 .8 0 I 1 .0 0 " 16.20d. 1 .9 0 . 4.80 " 9.30 " b 5.90 d 1 5 .3 0 10.00 " 19,00 6 .1 0 b " b 8.90 1 2 .5 0 .d 4 .7 0 ' 1 8 .7 0 . 3 .5 0 " h 9.00 3.80 " b 7.00 9.30 " 5 .3 0 " b" 8.90 9.50 "

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level of Duccan's Multiple RangeTest In a column, meansfollowed by the common letters are not significantly different at 5o/o green;5-light yellow plants score(cTol): l-dark green;3Jight Leaf discoloration or vigour (Vg): l-Extra vigour; 3-Vivrous;5- Intermediate normal Seedling 5well exserted; just cxserted Panicleexsirtion (Exs): l-well eiscrted; 3- Moderately (PACP): l- Excellent;3- Good; 5-Fair; 7- Poor acceptability Phenotypic

that and al. ( 1997) Anwaret al. (2003)haveindicated low of resistance plant,while a longer decrease temperature period of low temperature inhibited disease viz. In development. this study,four genotypes IR 1367, (ACC68l06),MILLIN andOLBYE2 werefound L 10573 fertility) coupled (>90% spikelet coldtolerant promising

and incidcnce) other (< with blastresistance 10%disease traits (Table3) can be exploitcdas sourceof desirable in and coldtolerance blastresistance futurericebreeding of for programme development cold tolerantand blast iesistantvarieties to enhancerice productivity under conditions. temperate

t!

GS SANGHERA.AM HUSSAINI.ALI ANWER. SC KASH}AP

Kashmir conditions under temperate toleranceto cold and blast disease Table 3 promising IRCTN genotypespossessing Genotype Leaf colour score(1-9) SF(Yo) 87.40"f fs 9r.71gi. 72t s 90.6?f 83.34d" 9l . 84f c 88.62"r 82. 16d" PDI (%) DFF HT (cm) 68" 89 78k g7d 82' 64" 82. 91f TP'' b 13.0 " Vg 3 Mat 1 5 0" t33 129^ 1 3 7o i4lo' l4l k 141"" l4lb"
11 JJ

Exs

PACP

1 GT,UJU rR.l 367 L 10573 MILLIN MILYAN 80 OLBYE2 14 RYONSONG 3 ZI{ONGYU

5 3
! I

5 I 5

d" 16.20 * 1 2 .5 0 4 .7 0 , 3"50 " 9.00b" 3 .8 0 " D 7 .0 0 9 .5 0 "

9l b

. 109
tn?e

9.2A,b.I 14.2d | 9 . 6" b 13.6" 5.6, 1 6 . 3f t 15.3d I i 5 3 I

81,

?'t"
78" 91 0 I l4f

Range 'fest In a column, means followed by the common letters are not significantly different ai 5%olevel of Duccan's Multiple pDi- Per cent Disease incidence; DFF- days to 509/o flowering; HT- height; TP'r -Tillers per plant; Abbreviations: SF- Spiketet fertititS;; Mat- days to maturit;' Leaf discoloration score (cTol): l-dark green; 3-light green; 5-light yellow plants Seedling vigour (Vg): l-Extra vigour; 3-Vivrous; 5- lntermediate or normal just exserted Panicle exsertion (Exs): l-wel[ exserted, 3- Modorately well exserted; 5Phen ot y p i c a c c e p t a b i l ity ( PACP) : l- Exce lle n t, 3 - Go o d ; S- Fai r; 7- P oor

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He Mao J, Ming HZ, Wu H, Ziu Y, Mao JH. He N4, MZQ' Liu low Y 199'1.. studvon the effectsof continuous A on temperature rice blast(Pyricularia oryzae).J South WestAgrl Univ 19:228-nA. RanaoS, Singhup, NandaJS,choudhuryKC 1977.Field Hilts fromKamaon for in resisiance btast ricecollections of U.p.SciCult43: 435-436.
stageand rice RasalofoPP 1980.Screening cultivarsat seedling anthesisfor low temperaturetolerancein |{adagascarIRRN6: l2-13. Saifulla M, Devaiah BM, PoonachaNM 1995.Evaluation of brorvn spot and ieafscald diseases. rice germplasmto bla-st, Agrl SciDig 15:93-94. Saini JP,Tandon JP 1986.Evaluatingricesfor cold tolerance. IRRN l0:9-10. SangheraGS, Zarger MA, Ahmad N, Rather MA 2001 Genetic in variability studieson panicle and grain characters rice (Oryza sativa L.) under temperateconditions.National seminar on Agriculture and Environment, SKUAST-K' Shalimar,March 28-29, pp54. to GS, Wani SH 2008. Innovative approaches enhance Sanghera genetic potential of rice for higher productivity under conditionsof Kashmir.J Pl Sci Res24: 99-113' temperate Zhong LX, Zhong YM, Lu XJ 1995. Evaluation of rice germplasm for resistance to rice blast, bacterial blight, brown plant hopper and white backed plant hopper in 2:31-32. SiaphunProvince.Crop Genet Resources

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