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ITS FRUSTRATIONS.
I began to imagine that there exists a political program that 80% of the US
population would vote for, if it were offered, that would be attractive because it
was an adequate approach to the issues that confront us. But it is more the tone and
approach than specifics. People want realistic hope, pragmatism and some serious
working to reverse negative trends. What we have been offered - by both parties -
is militarism and fear and support for old industries, and a state-corporate
partnership that is hostile to the interests of everyone, and, if we include quality of
lived life and long term expectations, even to the owners of capital. There is
fortunately some move within both parties to deal more significantly with
underlying issues.
We each have our own list but these seem central to quality of life.
But the strong backroom tendency is for the Republicans to offer moral
outrage at the lesser sins, and the Democrats offer support to visible fragments of
the socially but not economically marginalized. Each is trying to tie together a
logical chain of issues in order to win the next election - but they actually avoid the
issues that most concern us. This does not add up to a sufficiently viable politics
for this century. Obama’s approach may allow a deeper resonance, but the task of
governance may overwhelm reformist goals.
Thus the title of the book, GardenWorld Politics: American values- toward
the 80% solution and a new politics of inclusion.
I start with the basic perception that American politics is not furthering
American values, while our own image of ourselves, and the world's image of us,
have become depressingly more negative. What happened to the promise? The
promise had evolved from the Declaration's “Life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness", to the post WW2 return to normalcy and a brighter future, to the
"peace dividend"? The American promise of the 1776 revolution gave way to the
“American Dream”, and Clinton even said “Each American deserves a shot at the
American Dream”. Not the promise, not even the dream, but a nightmare lottery of
“having a shot”. In the face of the outpouring of material goods we have forgotten
about the goal of a better life for all and a good environment to live it in. We need
more flexibility and experimentation. Making mistakes is OK providing we are not
stuck with them. The stickiness of bad solutions is a problem for modern society
since bad solutions have stakeholders who work hard, through lawyers, lobbyists
and congress, to maintain that stickiness.
In our time, the neo-liberal policy of globalization turned out to be "liberal"
for the owners of capital and property and their managers, but not generous
towards those who missed out on inheriting property and positioned opportunity
through connections and education. It is often said that globalization is lifting
many out of poverty. It might be true that the percentage of people in deep poverty
is declining, but there is good evidence that those who are left behind are actually
worse off, not better. Their poverty based income works a less well in a fast paced
and more polluted world.
The failure of the liberal and neo-liberal agendas, and the conservative and
neo-conservative agendas, to spread benefits, improve the natural environment,
and avoid armed conflict means that a new look towards the future will have to
emerge. Though the situation could continue to deteriorate in this "entropic age",
especially if elites continue to insulate themselves from the consequences of the
current system and keep benefits for themselves and their rest of the population is
encouraged to be fearful about everything. We live in a time when the economy is
doing well while the people are doing badly.
Details count. The economy is doing well for a small number of people. For
those who know how to get wealth out of this economy and use it, it feels pretty
good. "Doing well" depends upon point of view. Language like "The US economy
had a good fourth quarter" hides any analysis of "for whom was it good?” "Rising
incomes" hides the current facts that an average, even a median, can rise, while,
after increased costs, much more than half the population is losing out, while a
very small number are doing amazingly well at accumulating the kind of cash that
leads to the 500,000 acre ranch where Cheney shoots quail. Gross measures, such
as increased national debt, and details, like the selling of ports to foreign country
corporations (because corporations in other countries have enough money to buy
U.S. assets) are symptoms of a widely acknowledged short sightedness.
For many of the rest of the population in the US the economy is not
completely terrible, and even has its satisfactions. People have cars, televisions,
Internet access (half of them have these things), but they commute longer, have
declining incomes. Home ownership, for the 60% of the families who “own” a
home is often vulnerably mortgaged as a way of increasing current income through
refinancing. Education is declining, jobs are more fragmented and stressful, and
social mobility is way down. The national policy is to protect the rich in a time of
national decline. There is no national policy to help the country cope with meeting
local needs with local jobs while acknowledging globalization. Pension funds are
under pressure, not just private but public, as the money given to the rich by the
functioning of law and tax in the midst of business activity must be obtained from
somewhere, a problem made worse by the costs of war and importation.
There are many good things going on in the world and in the US, but most
of the initiatives I know of are either at the level of the community (cooperative
projects and a willingness to face difficult questions of land development, water,
schools, and homelessness), or very grand, such as the Internet, or the increasing
quality of good writing about the current state of the world. The positive
developments are either at the local levels, or global. But not at the level of
national policy. Worse, national policy can get in the way of local initiatives which
might support GardenWorld, such as the recently announced EPA ruling denying
the right of the states to have tougher automobile emissions standards.
There are so many bad things happening, such as post cold war struggles for
power and position in Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, worsening balance of
payments, further skewing of income distribution, energy policies and health
policies, and the loss of the culture of nuclear restraint. These are at the systems
level centered on the management of the nation state. A legal system that supports
prejudgment seizures, entrapment and plea bargaining is not delivering justice, but
deals. A legal system that has two and a half million in jail, and ten million who
have passed through jail, and lost voting rights, is not a legal system of a well
functioning society. An economy that cannot provide jobs is not a part of a
successful civilization. Relationships of parents with each other and their children,
not supported by community, are fragile. If you want to add a new horror story,
look at Guinea and the US struggle to maintain oil hegemony in the Nigerian Gulf.
The problem is, politics substantially supports the disastrous nation-centered
policies more than the helpful local or transnational ones. While we could have
national leadership that was looking to support the positive, we do not. Profit is at
the big systems level. Everything else is a feeder system.
is completely feasible.
William P. Foley II pointed to the mountain. Owns it, mostly. A timber company
began logging in view of his front yard a few years back. He thought they were
cutting too much, so he bought the land.
Mr. Foley belongs to a new wave of investors and landowners across the West who
are snapping up open spaces as private playgrounds on the borders of national
parks and national forests.
In style and temperament, this new money differs greatly from the Western land
barons of old -- the timber magnates, copper kings and cattlemen who created the
extraction-based economy that dominated the region for a century.
Mr. Foley, 62, standing by his private pond, his horses grazing in the distance,
proudly calls himself a conservationist who wants Montana to stay as wild as
possible. That does not mean no development and no profit. Mr. Foley, the
chairman of a major title insurance company, Fidelity National Financial, based in
Florida, also owns a chain of Montana restaurants, a ski resort and a huge cattle
ranch on which he is building homes.
But arriving here already rich and in love with the landscape, he said, also means
his profit motive is different.
''A lot of it is more for fun than for making money,'' said Mr. Foley, who estimates
he has invested about $125 million in Montana in the past few years, mostly in real
estate.
The rise of a new landed gentry in the West is partly another expression of gilded
age economics in America; the super-wealthy elite wades ashore where it will.[v]
A very revealing article. That Insurance money had to come from
somewhere. And look at the use! Why don't we get what we want? Society
throughout history has always had a leadership that pays itself better than the rest
of the tribe’s or nation's people. Leadership has always had more property, money,
and political connections. But after WW2 there was the promise of spreading
benefits to everyone - not right away, but over a few decades. But in the last three
decades since we have increased economic disparities within and between
countries, narrowed ownership, undermined local and regional economies, and, out
of sight of the rich, devastated the environment. Race has been used to avoid issues
of class, making race a marker for poverty and non inclusion, from the native
Americans through slavery and "reconstruction" to the modern invisible but
palpable means of discrimination. Racism keeps alive the hideous scar of slavery
but also hides the invidious reality of class, and is really a policy of how to
"distribute poverty".
In our time, great sociologists like Max Weber, and it is not smart to forget
Marx, and historians like Spengler, saw the move towards the consolidation of
power in the hands of bureaucracy and elites.
The merry-go-round economy is not big enough to hold everyone, and any
move toward greater inclusion threatens the owners and operators of the merry-go-
round, either threatening that it will come apart through increased costs, or that the
profits and salaries to the owner/managers would be cut. What the owners really
like is increased “productivity” which means producing as much with fewer
workers, or more without increasing the number of jobs. Politics is the mechanism
of governance of those Republicans and Democrats who own property, manage
parts of the system, or serve it as professionals and media. Self-satisfaction in the
private space of office, home, and country retreat rules over hope for a better
civilization for self and others.
Those who own, manage, or work for the Merry-go-round (which does
require lots of skilled and well paying jobs) don't take responsibility for those left
off. The CEO of Wal-Mart with one million employees, Lee Scott, writes: "To be
honest, most of us at Wal-Mart have been so busy minding the store that the way
our critics have tried to turn us into a political symbol has taken us by surprise."
Mind the store, neglect the rest! (NYRB April 7, 2005).
The problem is not just that individuals align themselves with the merry-go-
round why the problem but also countries do. China for example. The power of the
merry-go-round to demand alignment is very powerful. But at the same time while
10% of the population has cars, 90% do not. The 10% certainly feel in some kind
of an alignment while the others are left out, and we ignore their thinking to our
peril. Their very existence as “carless” hints at the illusion of Prius-ing the world.
So resources are stocked up into the merry-go-round leaving states and local
communities – or other countries if we consider globalization – increasingly
impoverished. Imagine if our resources were more equally divided between the
nation, the states, counties and towns, and individuals. There could be a flowering
of initiatives in the context of rethinking, reinventing, and remaking our local
environments under the twin goals of sustainability and livability.
Despite the wishes of most and the initiatives of many, there is no politics to
move towards a saner solution, no leadership of modest reform to help everyone
have work, home, family education, health, and an attractive environment. Those
who have the money to elect congressmen are the corporations with cash flow -
banks, real estate, insurance, oil, drugs (legal and illegal) at the core, and others at
the edges. There is no effort, no experimentation from the leaderships of the two
parties, to find a path to a new politics that supports the good and weakens support
for bad, a politics that actually believes in freedom, democracy, responsibility,
clean business, environmental remediation, employment, "life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness," free from hyped fear and gross manipulation. Such a politics
is not even being tried. Bush's "freedom" is not freedom, but freedom for capital
disguised as freedom of markets. Bush's Democracy is not democracy, but media
manipulation and press releases. But Bush didn’t create this, he only exemplifies a
tendency that has been building for decades. Being anti Bush and not working to
change the system is just another avoidance.
Looking at efforts to reach a "centrist" politics, I’ve argued that there is
majority view, but it is not the average or a compromise between the two party
positions. The real majority view lies off to the side so to speak, because both party
leaderships are in agreement about maintaining the centrality of current power and
profit.
An example of appearing to seek the 80% solution, but actually trying to
merge the leaderships of the two parties, Bloomberg and Schwarzenegger from the
two sides of the country have been making an effort to find, not the center of the
country, but the center of the leaderships.. Dan Wood[ix] wrote an article in the
Christian Science Monitor looking at the effort.
The next day, his partner in taking to task the political climate, California
Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger (R), echoed: "There really is no more urgent issue
facing America today than … bridging the political divide."
The New York mayor and the California governor are hammering a note that
resonates with the public. Seventy-five percent like leaders who are willing to
compromise, and 60 percent like leaders whose positions are a mix of liberal and
conservative, according to the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press in
Washington.
The best records of reach-across-the-aisle politicians have been at state and
local levels, many experts say. Schwarzenegger has been leading the pack. After
several stumbles in his first two years, he appointed a Democrat as his chief of staff
last year. He has since made headlines with global warming and healthcare
initiatives, prison reform, and a state infrastructure overhaul.
"I would argue that many of the likely party nominees for president –
especially Hillary Clinton – are almost certain to continue the deep partisan divide
that has characterized America through the Clinton and Bush terms," says Larry
Sabato, political scientist at the University of Virginia.
"But when these unifying governors run for president (like the cases of
Clinton and Bush), they have to take stands in the culture wars and on matters of
war and peace."
How can we create a politics that reverses the trends (unsustainable and
ultimately leading to violence if allowed to continue) and raises incomes and
wealth for a much - much - larger share of the population (everybody), that spreads
political participation and makes the future interesting? Perhaps less centralized
and more experimental? Even if we could use government only to support
education and health so as to build the capacity of everyone to participate, and
decreased the incentives for wealth accumulation among a small number of people
(say about 2% of the population, through slightly stiffer taxation and reverting to
old inheritance taxes), we would be making real and not terribly threatening
progress. These alone would increase hope and a feeling of national well-being that
would be good for us and encourage other countries.
The small number among the rich who would not support this have given up
on the American Future and want the wealth to buy security and protect
themselves, the moderately rich by living in enclaves, while the richer are buying
land and assets overseas, and the very rich are buying islands. But this is not a
large number of people.
80% should be easy.
The 80% includes
What counts is the spirit and tone of these proposals. My intent here is also
not to “get it right” but to get us to think that, “yes, an 80% solution IS possible.”
A deeper perspective might be that if any particular moment in any given
society certain interests are at the center. First is the question is self preservation,
providing for food and defense and enough social organization to get it. Second, is
the desire for more comfortable life which is supported by a trade and small-scale
industry. Third comes the desire for luxury and fame and with it the desire to put
down others, to dominate, to rob income from the poor and engage in wars for
resources and to keep the local population focused on the external events.
GardenWorld and the 80% solution are proposals to return to the second
scenario and avoid fascism or collapse.