CHAPTER 5 DYNAMICS OF UNIFORM

CIRCULAR MOTION
PROBLEMS
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1.

REASONING The speed of the plane is given by Equation 5.1: v = 2 r / T , where T is the period or the time required for the plane to complete one revolution. SOLUTION Solving Equation 5.1 for T we have T= 2 r 2 ( 2850 m ) = = 160 s v 110 m / s

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2.

REASONING The magnitude ac of the cars centripetal acceleration is given by Equation a = v2 / r 5.2 as c , where v is the speed of the car and r is the radius of the track. The radius 3 is r = 2.6 10 m. The speed can be obtained from Equation 5.1 as the circumference (2 r) of the track divided by the period T of the motion. The period is the time for the car to go once around the track (T = 360 s). SOLUTION Since acceleration is ac = v 2 / r and
2

v = ( 2 r ) / T

, the magnitude of the cars centripetal

2 r 2 3 2 v 4 2 r 4 ( 2.6 10 m ) T ac = = = 2 = = 0.79 m/s 2 2 r r T ( 360 s )

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5.

REASONING AND SOLUTION Since the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration is a = v2 / r given by Equation 5.2, C , we can solve for r and find that v2 ( 98.8 m / s ) 2 r= = = 332 m a C 3.00(9.80 m / s 2 )

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7.

REASONING AND SOLUTION a. We know

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DYNAMICS OF UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

1 2 ac = v2/r = (1.4 m/s)2/(0.039 m) = 5.0 10 m/s

b. Between sprockets, the chain is straight and travels at a constant speed, so its acceleration is zero . c. For the front sprocket
1 2 ac = v2/r = (1.4 m/s)2/(0.10 m) = 2.0 10 m/s

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11.

REASONING AND SOLUTION The magnitude of the centripetal force on the ball is 2 F = mv / r given by Equation 5.3: C . Solving for v, we have v= FC r m = (0.028 N)(0.25 m) = 0.68 m / s 0.015 kg

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12. REASONING The magnitude Fc of the centripetal force that acts on the skater is given by F = mv 2 / r Equation 5.3 as c , where m and v are the mass and speed of the skater, and r is the distance of the skater from the pivot. Since all of these variables are known, we can find the magnitude of the centripetal force. SOLUTION The magnitude of the centripetal force is mv 2 ( 80.0 kg ) ( 6.80 m/s ) Fc = = = 606 N r 6.10 m ______________________________________________________________________________
2

13.

REASONING AND SOLUTION a. In terms of the period of the motion, the centripetal force is written as Fc = 4 mr/T = 4
2 2 2 2 (0.0120 kg)(0.100 m)/(0.500 s) = 0.189 N

b. The centripetal force varies as the square of the speed. Thus, doubling the speed would
2 increase the centripetal force by a factor of 2 = 4 .

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16. REASONING AND SOLUTION Initially, the stone executes uniform circular motion in a

Chapter 5 Problems

204

circle of radius r which is equal to the radius of the tire. At the instant that the stone flies MAX = s FN out of the tire, the force of static friction just exceeds its maximum value f s (see Equation 4.7). The force of static friction that acts on the stone from one side of the tread channel is, therefore, f sMAX = 0.90 (1.8 N) = 1.6 N and the magnitude of the total frictional force that acts on the stone just before it flies out is 2 1.6 N = 3.2 N . If we assume that only static friction supplies the centripetal force, then, Fc = 3.2 N . Solving Equation 5.3 ( Fc = mv 2 / r ) for the radius r, we have r= FC = mv 2 6.0 10 3 kg (13 m / s) 2 = = 0.31 m Fc 3.2 N
2 mv 0

(7.3 kg)(29.3 m / s) 2 = = 3500 N 1.8 m

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18. REASONING AND SOLUTION

2

The centripetal acceleration of the block is

2 2

ac = v /r = (28 m/s) /(150 m) = 5.2 m/s The angle can be obtained from

= tan

a F I = tan F5.2 m / s I = GJ g H K 9.80 H K G m/s J

C 1 2 2

28

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19. REASONING a. The free body diagram shows the swing ride and the two forces that act on a chair: the tension T in the cable, and the weight mg of the chair and its occupant. We note that the Fy in the vertical direction must be chair does not accelerate vertically, so the net force Fy = 0 . The net force consists of the upward vertical component of the tension and zero, the downward weight of the chair. The fact that the net force is zero will allow us to determine the magnitude of the tension. Error: Reference source not found F b. According to Newtons second law, the net force x in the horizontal direction is equal to the mass m of the chair and its occupant times the centripetal acceleration ( ac = v 2 / r ) , so that Fx = mac = mv 2 / r . There is only one force in the horizontal

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DYNAMICS OF UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

direction, the horizontal component of the tension, so it is the net force. We will use Newtons second law to find the speed v of the chair. SOLUTION a. The vertical component of the tension is +T cos 60.0, and the weight is mg, where we have chosen up as the + direction. Since the chair and its occupant have no vertical Fy = 0 , so acceleration, we have that +T cos 60.0 mg = 0 144 2444 4 3 Fy Solving for the magnitude T of the tension gives (1 )

( 179 kg ) ( 9.80 m/s 2 ) mg T= = = 3510 N cos 60.0 cos 60.0

b. The horizontal component of the tension is +T sin 60.0, where we have chosen the direction to the left in the diagram as the + direction. Since the chair and its occupant have a centripetal acceleration in this direction, we have v2 T 4 260.0 = mac = m sin 4 3 1 r Fx (2 )

From the drawing we see that the radius r of the circular path is r = (15.0 m) sin 60.0 = 13.0 m. Solving Equation (2) for the speed v gives

( 13.0 m ) ( 3510 N ) sin 60.0 = 14.9 m/s r T sin 60.0 = m 179 kg ______________________________________________________________________________
v=