Technical introduction to GSM modem technology http://www.bioenabletech.com/technical_introduction_to_gsm_modem_techn ology.

htm

FACTS AND APPLICATIONS OF GSM/GPRS MODEM The GSM/GPRS Modem comes with a serial interface through which the modem can be controlled using AT command interface. An antenna and a power adapter are provided. The basic segregation of working of the modem is as under: Voice calls SMS GSM Data calls GPRS Voice calls: Voice calls are not an application area to be targeted. In future if interfaces like a microphone and speaker are provided for some applications then this can be considered. SMS: SMS is an area where the modem can be used to provide features like: Pre-stored SMS transmission These SMS can be transmitted on certain trigger events in an automation system SMS can also be used in areas where small text information has to be sent. The transmitter can be an automation system or machines like vending machines, collection machines or applications like positioning systems where the navigator keeps on sending SMS at particular time intervals SMS can be a solution where GSM data call or GPRS services are not available GSM Data Calls: Data calls can be made using this modem. Data calls can be made to a normal PSTN modem/phone line also (even received). Data calls are basically made to send/receive data streams between two units either PCs or embedded devices. The advantage of Data calls over SMS is that both parties are capable of sending/receiving data through their terminals. Some points to be remembered in case of data calls: The data call service doesnt come with a normal SIM which is purchased but has to be requested with the service provider (say Airtel). Upon activation of data/fax service you are provided with two separate numbers i.e. the Data call number and the Fax service number. Data calls are established using Circuit Switched data connections. Right now the speed at which data can be transmitted is 9.6 kbps. The modem supports speeds up to 14.4 kbps but the provider give a maximum data rate of 9.6 kbps during GSM data call. Technologies like HSCSD (high Speed Circuit Switched Data) will improve drastically the data rates, but still in pipeline. Applications And Facts About GSM Data Calls: Devices that have communication on serial port either on PC or in the embedded environment Devices that want to communicate with a remote server for data transfer This capability of data transfer can help in reducing processing requirements of the device The basic aim is to provide a wireless solution keeping the existing firmware intact The clients firmware continues to work without any modifications (no changes in the existing software required) GSM data calls can be a good solution where data has to be transmitted from a hand-held device to a central server The interface on two sides can be between PCs as well as embedded devices

Calls can be established by the terminals at either side to start data calls The Modem remains transparent during data transfer after the call is established. Call establishment utility to be provided in case PC terminals Call establishment to be automated in case of embedded terminals. GSM converter can be an option where

intelligence of establishing calls has to be put in case of embedded devices. Concept of GSM converter is discussed later in this document Dial-Up Networks Using GSM Data Calls: Dial up networking is a utility available with Windows through a person can dial the Data call number of this modem from any PC and share the file system on either PCs. This can be a good utility where both terminals are PC based. Sharing the file system remotely enables monitoring of devices remotely. Thus the modem can act as a piece of device which acts as a spy in the system. Can be a good debugging utility wherein a person can configure/monitor a remote PC based system and even rectify it. Some companies do sell their products with a GSM modem inside it just for this handy feature which allows them to configure the machines sitting anywhere in the world. Since the connection can have upper layer protocols like TCP/IP in this connection it becomes more reliable and useful. GSM Converter: GSM converter will be an add-on device to be attached between a terminal which wants data transfer and the GSM modem. This GSM converter will take care of call establishment where the embedded device cannot make a call. The converter will remain transparent through-out the call once call is established. The GSM converter will be a very small piece of hardware possibly embedded inside the cable itself. GPRS: This modem can be used to make a GPRS connection. Upon connection the modem can be used for internet connectivity of devices. Key-Points in GPRS: The PC/Embedded device dials the Service Provider (say Airtel) Data is routed through the ISP (Internet Service Provider) GPRS is basically Packet Oriented service Protocols like TCP/IP are inherent characteristics in GPRS One has to talk in terms of IP addresses here not phone numbers The implementation is more useful where PCs want to communicate over GPRS Although data transfer is done from embedded devices too but with reduced features Since you are charged either on monthly flat rates or amount of data transfer taking place GPRS is anyday a cheaper option as compared to GSM data call. But GPRS services are not available everywhere. The data rate rates in GPRS can go upto 40 kbps Application areas in GPRS using this Modem: Applications where mobile devices want to upload data to a central server Monitoring devices that are continuously logged on to the server. Since you are charged for the amount of data transfer hence a continuous connection can be maintained. Virtual private networks Radius servers Virtual private networks A virtual private network (VPN) is the extension of a private network that encompasses links across shared or public networks like the Internet. A VPN enables you to send data between two computers across a shared or public internetwork in a manner that emulates the properties of a point-to-point private link. The act of configuring and creating a virtual private network is known as virtual private networking. To emulate a point-to-point link, data is encapsulated, or wrapped, with a header that provides routing information allowing it to traverse the shared or public transit internetwork to reach its endpoint. To emulate a private link, the data being sent is encrypted for confidentiality. Packets that are intercepted on the shared or public network are indecipherable without the encryption keys. The portion of the connection in which the private data is encapsulated is known as the tunnel. The portion of the connection in which the private data is encrypted is known as the virtual private network (VPN) connection.

Figure 1: Virtual private network connection VPN connections allow users working at home or on the road to connect in a secure fashion to a remote organization server using the routing infrastructure provided by a public internetwork (such as the Internet). From the users perspective, the VPN connection is a point-to-point connection between the users computer and an organization server. The nature of the intermediate internetwork is irrelevant to the user because it appears as if the data is being sent over a dedicated private link. VPN technology also allows a corporation to connect to branch offices or to other companies over a public internetwork (such as the Internet), while maintaining secure communications. The VPN connection across the Internet logically

operates as a wide area network (WAN) link between the sites. In both of these cases, the secure connection across the internetwork appears to the user as a private network communicationdespite the fact that this communication occurs over a public internetworkhence, the name virtual private network. VPN technology is designed to address issues surrounding the current business trend toward increased telecommuting and widely distributed global operations, where workers must be able to connect to central resources and must be able to communicate with one another. To provide employees with the ability to connect to organization computing resources, regardless of their location, a corporation must deploy a scalable remote access solution. Typically, corporations choose either a department solution, where an internal information systems department is charged with buying, installing, and maintaining organization modem pools and a private network infrastructure; or they choose a value-added network (VAN) solution, where they pay an outsourced company to buy, install, and maintain modem pools and a telecommunication infrastructure. Neither of these solutions provides the necessary scalability, in terms of cost, flexible administration, and demand for connections. Therefore, it makes sense to replace the modem pools and private network infrastructure with a less expensive solution based on Internet technology so that the business can focus on its core competencies. With an Internet solution, a few Internet connections through Internet service providers (ISPs) and VPN server computers can serve the remote networking needs of hundreds or thousands of remote clients and branch offices. Common Uses of VPNs The next few sections describe the more common VPN configurations in more detail. Remote Access Over the Internet VPNs provide remote access to organization resources over the public Internet, while maintaining privacy of information. Figure 2 shows a VPN connection used to connect a remote access client to an organization intranet. This is known as a remote access VPN connection.

Figure 2: Using a VPN connection to connect a remote access client to an organization intranet Rather than making a long distance (or 1-800) call to an organization or outsourced network access server (NAS), the user dials a local ISP. Using the connection to the local ISP, the VPN client creates a VPN connection between the remote access computer and the organization VPN server across the Internet. Connecting Networks Over the Internet There are two methods for using VPNs to connect local area networks at remote sites: Using dedicated lines to connect a branch office to an organization LAN. For example, rather than using an expensive long-distance dedicated circuit between the branch office and the corporate hub, both the branch office and the corporate hub routers can use a local dedicated circuit and local ISP to connect to the Internet. The VPN software uses the local ISP connections and the Internet to create a virtual private network between the branch office router and corporate hub router. Using a dial-up line to connect a branch office to the Internet. Rather than having a router at the branch office make a long distance (or 1-800) call to a corporate or outsourced NAS, the router at the branch office can call a local ISP. The VPN client uses the connection to the local ISP to create a VPN connection between the branch office router and the corporate hub router across the Internet. This is known as a site-to-site VPN connection.

Figure 3: Using a VPN connection to connect two remote sites In both cases, the facilities that connect the branch office and corporate offices to the Internet are local. The corporate hub router that acts as a VPN server must be connected to a local ISP with a dedicated line. This VPN server must be listening 24 hours a day for incoming VPN traffic. Connecting Computers Over an Intranet In some organization internetworks, the departmental data is so sensitive that the departments LAN is physically disconnected from the rest of the organization internetwork. Although this protects the departments confidential information, it creates information accessibility problems for those users not physically connected to the separate LAN.

Figure 4: Using a VPN connection to connect to a secured or hidden network VPNs allow the departments LAN to be physically connected to the organization internetwork but separated by a VPN server. The VPN server is not acting as a router between the organization internetwork and the department LAN. A router would connect the two networks, allowing everyone access to the sensitive LAN. By using a VPN server, the network administrator can ensure that only those users on the organization internetwork who have appropriate credentials (based on a need-to-know policy within the company) can establish a VPN connection with the VPN server and gain access to the protected resources of the department. Additionally, all communication across the VPN can be encrypted for data confidentiality. Those users who do not have the proper credentials cannot view the department LAN. RADIUS: The Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) protocol is a popular method for managing remote user authentication and authorization. RADIUS is a lightweight, UDP-based protocol. RADIUS servers can be located anywhere on the Internet and provide authentication (including PPP PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP, MS-CHAP v2, and EAP) and authorization for access servers such as NASes and VPN servers. In addition, RADIUS servers can provide a proxy service to forward authentication requests to distant RADIUS servers. For example, many ISPs have agreements to allow roaming subscribers to use local services from the nearest ISP for dial-up access to the Internet. These roaming alliances take advantage of the RADIUS proxy service. If an ISP recognizes a user name as being a subscriber to a remote network, the ISP uses a RADIUS proxy to forward the access request to the appropriate network. Windows Server 2003 includes a RADIUS server and proxy with the Internet Authentication Service (IAS); an optional Windows networking component installed using Control Panel-Network. NOTE: 1. The possibilities in areas using GPRS like VPN and RADIUS technologies are abundant and have to be discovered. Future documents will try to keep you updated about these trends. 2. Similarly other areas of applications will be documented as early as possible 3. Please get back with your suggestions on this document. Click for Product Details....

Blast Monitoring
Whether you are blasting on a construction project, in a mine or a quarry, you are likely feeling the effects of increased public and regulatory pressure. These pressures make it more difficult to maintain schedules and keep production at acceptable levels; the one thing you cannot tolerate is an interruption of the blasting program.

Event monitoring is typically performed to either improve blasting efficiency, Near-Field Monitoring, or to monitor for compliance purposes, Far-Field Monitoring. You need a monitor that is easy to operate and reliable - period. Blasters and Consultants have turned to Instantel for over 25 years, as the worlds most trusted name in blast vibration monitoring equipment. The Instantel Blastmate III product lines are the workhorses of the industry, with the features you need for the environments that you work in, all accessed through simple menudriven operation. Contact your Instantel Dealer for more information and assistance in selecting the monitoring unit and sensors that best meet your monitoring application requirements. Blast Monitoring Compliance (Far-Field) Far-Field Monitoring Description: The Event source is typically greater than 50 meters in Far-Field Monitoring. This includes environmental monitoring and compliance with stated regulations. It is accomplished by providing a compliance graph, in the form of an Event Report from Instantel Blastware, and ensuring that human annoyance or damage to structures is minimized by adhering to regulations. It also provides a record for litigation purposes, if required. The typical frequency range for sensors used in Far-Field Monitoring is 2 to 250 Hz. By measuring air pressure, we can determine the effect of air blast energy on structures, measured on the Linear L scale with an Instantel ISEE Linear Microphone (2 to 250 Hz), or as perceived by the human ear, measured on the A Weight scale, using an Instantel AWeight Microphone (15 Hz to 18 kHz). Instantel ISEE and A-Weight Microphones are used to measures air blast to ensure regulatory compliance while Instantel High Pressure Microphones (5 Hz to 1 kHz) are being used for underground applications, such as mining and tunneling. Other sensors used in Far-Field Monitoring include standard geophones, which come in uniaxial and triaxial configurations, such as the Instantel ISEE (2 to 250 Hz) and Instantel DIN (1-80 Hz or 1-315 Hz) Triaxial Geophones. These are used to measure ground. Additionally, Instantel offers Hydrophones (8 to 500 Hz) that are used to measure water pressure changes caused by construction activities. Visit Downloads for sample Event Report Blast Monitoring Advanced (Near-Field)

Recommended Products for Blast Monitoring:

Minimate Pro6 Minimate Pro4 Minimate Plus Minimate Blaster Blastmate III
Minimate Pro6 Highlights Key Features Ethernet interface Auto Call Home remote monitoring function Cast aluminum case Water resistant to IPC67 submerse to 30 cm (1 ft.) for 24 hours Compliant to CE Class B - Meets or exceeds RF and EMI requirements Sensor Check for automatic error checking

6 Channels

Microphone and Triaxial Geophone or two Triaxial Geophones 7,100 plus events Manual, Continuous, Histogram, Instantel Histogram Combo, and VDV - Vibration Dose Value (optional) 512 to 4,096 S/s per channel

Available Memory Record Modes

Available Sample Rates Unit Dimensions Unit Weight User Interface Product Rank

254 X 117 X 108 mm (10.0 X 4.6 X 4.25 in) 2.27 kg (5 lbs) 10 domed tactile keys Premium Visit Minimate Pro6 Minimate Pro6 Specification Sheet

Key Features

Ethernet interface Auto Call Home remote monitoring function Cast aluminum case Water resistant to IPC67 submerse to 30 cm (1 ft.) for 24 hours Compliant to CE Class B - Meets or exceeds RF and EMI requirements Sensor Check for automatic error checking Microphone and Triaxial Geophone 8,000 plus events Manual, Continuous, Histogram, Instantel Histogram Combo, and VDV - Vibration Dose Value (optional) 1,024 to 4096 S/s per channel

4 Channels Available Memory Record Modes

Available Sample Rates Unit Dimensions Unit Weight

254 X 117 X 108 mm (10.0 X 4.6 X 4.25 in) 2.27 kg (5 lbs)

User Interface Product Rank Key Features

10 domed tactile keys Premium Most versatile monitor available Auto Call Home remote monitoring function Wide variety of sensors microphones, geophones, accelerometers, and hydrophones Microphone and Triaxial Geophone Two Microphones and two Triaxial Geophones or 8 independent channels 300 events Manual, Single-shot, Continuous, Histogram, and Instantel Histogram Combo 1,024 S/s to 16,384 S/s per channel, selectable up to 65,536 S/s for 8 channels 81 X 91 X 160 mm (3.2 X 3.6 X 6.3 in) 1.4kg (3lbs) 8 domed tactile keys Mid-range Easy to use AutoRecord record stop mode Built for blasters Microphone and Triaxial Geophone 300 events Manual and Continuous 1,024 to 4096 S/s per channel 81 X 91 X 160 mm (3.2 X 3.6 X 6.3 in) 1.4kg (3lbs)

4 Channels 8 Channels

Available Memory Record Modes

Available Sample Rates Unit Dimensions Unit Weight User Interface Product Rank Key Features

4 Channels Available Memory Record Modes Available Sample Rates Unit Dimensions Unit Weight

User Interface Product Rank Key Features

8 domed tactile keys Low-cost Onsite/In-field printing Auto Call Home remote monitoring function Wide variety of sensors microphones, geophones, accelerometers, and hydrophones Microphone and Triaxial Geophone Two Microphones and two Triaxial Geophones or 8 independent channels 300 events Manual, Single-shot, Continuous, Histogram, and Instantel Histogram Combo 1,024 S/s to 16,384 S/s per channel, selectable up to 65,536 S/s for 8 channels 269 X 355 X 165 mm (10.6 X 14.0 X 6.5 in) 6.4 kg (14 lbs) 63 domed tactile keys, incl. full keyboard Mid-range

4 Channels 8 Channels

Available Memory Record Modes

Available Sample Rates Unit Dimensions Unit Weight User Interface Product Rank

http://www.instantel.com/products/InstaLink.aspx
Its about time. Precious time. Your time. Introducing InstaLink from Instantel. This innovative web based monitoring system is a complete solution allowing you to satisfy the most demanding reporting requirements, effortlessly and cost effectively. Now youll have safe and secure 24/7 access to your vibration data. InstaLink is the perfect extension for your Instantel equipment saving you valuable time like never before.

Leveraging the Internet - The Future of Vibration Monitoring InstaLink leverages the Internet to automate the process of transferring vibration data directly from an Instantel Series III vibration monitor to a secure, password-protected web site for viewing by approved stakeholders. Using the popular Instantel Auto Call Home automated call-in feature allows Instantel monitors to send vibration data through a variety of

modems to a PC, immediately after it is recorded. The new InstaLink reporting system takes this process one step further - automatically forwarding the data to the secure InstaLink database. Once there, users and their pre-authorized stakeholders (Inspectors, Project Engineers, contractors, etc.) can log in and view vibration data from their project(s) through the users own customized InstaLink website page.

Ideal for projects with time-sensitive reporting requirements to many stakeholders, or for sites that have many monitoring points, InstaLink provides users and their stakeholders with reliable and immediate distribution of their data as soon as it is collected. Instalink Web Based Vibration Monitoring InstaLink Web-enabled Reporting System InstaLink Technology InstaLink Testimonials

David Miller, Seismic Surveys, Incorporated "With InstaLink and cellular modems, we have been able to monitor several remote sites without having staff onhand. This has enabled us to operate our business more efficiently and provide our clients with faster, more cost-effective service

MINIMATE PLUS
VIBRATION AND OVERPRESSURE MONITOR

Versatile
Use the Minimate Plus monitor with an Instantel Standard Triaxial Geophone (ISEE or DIN version) and an overpressure microphone (Linear or A Weight) to provide a rugged, reliable compliance monitoring system. Add the Instantel 8-Channel option and a single monitor may be used with two triaxial geophones and two microphones.

Channels

Microphone and Triaxial Geophone or 4 independent user-configurable channels (two Vibration Monitoring (with Microphones and two Triaxial Geophones or 8 Standard Triaxial Geophone) independent channels with optional 8-channel Range Resolution Accuracy (ISEE / DIN) Transducer Density Frequency Range (ISEE / DIN) Maximum Cable Length (ISEE / DIN) +/- 5% or 0.5 mm/s (0.02 in/s), whichever is larger, between 4 and 125 Hz / DIN 45669-1 standard 2.13 g/cc (133 lbs/ft3) upgrade) Up to 254 mm/s (10 in/s) 0.127 mm/s (0.005 in/s) or 0.0159 mm/s (0.000625 in/s) with built-in preamp

2 to 250 Hz, within zero to -3 dB of an ideal flat Air Overpressure Monitoring response / 1 to 315 Hz

Weighting Scales Linear Range Linear Resolution Linear Accuracy

75 m (250 ft) / 1,000 m (3,280 ft) Linear or A-weight 88 to 148 dB (500 Pa (0.072 PSI) Peak) 0.25 Pa (0.0000363 PSI)

Linear Frequency Response +/- 10% or +/- 1 dB, whichever is larger, between 4 and 125 Hz A-weight Range 2 to 250 Hz between -3 dB roll off points A-weight Resolution 50 to 110 dBA WAVEFORM RECORDING 0.1 dBA Record Modes Manual, Single-shot, Continuous Seismic Trigger 0.125 to 254 mm/s (0.005 to 10 in/s) Acoustic Triggers 100 to 148 dB Linear 55 to 110 dBA A-weight 1,024 to 16,000 S/s per channel (independent of record time), up to 65,000 S/s in single-channel Sample Rate Record Stop Mode Record Time AutoRecord Time Cycle Time Storage Capacity Full Waveform Events Event Summaries HISTOGRAM RECORDING Record Modes Recording Interval Fixed record time, Instantel AutoRecord record stop mode 1 to 100 seconds (programmable in one-second steps) or 500 seconds plus 0.25 seconds pretrigger Auto window programmable from 1 to 9 seconds, plus a 0.25 second pre-trigger. Event is recorded untilactivity remains below trigger level for duration of auto window, or until available memory is filled. Recording uninterrupted by event processing no dead time 300 one-second events at 1,024 S/s sample rate (1,500 event capacity with optional memory mode with advanced software (max 8,000 S/s per channel for 8 channels)

Storage Capacity PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS Dimensions Weight

upgrade) 1,750 (8,750 event capacity with optional memory upgrade) Histogram and Instantel Histogram Combo (monitor captures triggered waveforms while recording in Histogram mode)

Battery 2, 5 or 15 seconds; 1, 5 or 15 minutes User Interface Display PC Interface Auxiliary Inputs and Outputs 81 x 91 x 160 mm (3.2 x 3.6 x 6.3 in) Environmental 1.4 kg (3 lbs) LCD Operating Temperature Electronics Operating Temperature Remote Communications Additional Features RS-232 External Trigger, Remote Alarm, coordinate download from GPS -10 to 500C (14 to 1220F) -20 to 600C (-4 to 1400F) Compatible with Telephone, GSM, Cellular, RF, Satellite, Short-haul modems and Ethernet device servers.Automatically transfers events when they occur through the Instantel Auto Call Home feature. Monitor start/stop timer Rechargeable 6 V sealed gel cell - capacity for 210 hours of continuous monitoring 8-key keypad with domed tactile keys 4-line x 20-character, high-contrast, backlit LCD with on-line help 46,656 intervals - 3 days at 5-second intervals or 102 days at 15-minute intervals (with memory upgrade - 15 days at 5-second intervals or 540 days at 15-minute intervals)

Canada Payment Method: Pack. & Delivery: Specification: Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) UNIT General Specifi cations * Channels : Microphone and Triaxial Geophone or 4 independent user-confi gurable channels ( two Microphones and two Triaxial Geophones or 8 independent channels with optional 8-channel upgrade) Vibration Monitoring ( with Standard Triaxial Geophone) Range : Up to 254 mm/ s ( 10 in/ s) Resolution : 0.127 mm/ s ( 0.005 in/ s) or 0.0159 mm/ s ( 0.000625 in/ s) with built-in preamp Accuracy ( ISEE / DIN) : + / - 5% or 0.5 mm/ s ( 0.02 in/ s) , whichever is larger, between 4 and 125 Hz / DIN 45669-1 standard Transducer Density : 2.13 g/ cc ( 133 lbs/ ft3) Frequency Range ( ISEE / DIN) : 2 to 250 Hz, within zero to -3 dB of an ideal fl at response / 1 to 315 Hz Maximum Cable Length ( ISEE / DIN) : 75 m ( 250 ft) / 1, 000 m ( 3, 280 ft) Air Overpressure Monitoring Weighting Scales : Linear or A-weight Linear Range : 88 to 148 dB ( 500 Pa ( 0.072 PSI) Peak) Linear Resolution : 0.25 Pa ( 0.0000363 PSI) Linear Accuracy : + / - 10% or + / - 1 dB, whichever is larger, between 4 and 125 Hz Linear Frequency Response : 2 to 250 Hz between -3 dB roll off points A-weight Range : 50 to 110 dBA A-weight Resolution : 0.1 dBA Physical Specifi cations Dimensions : 269 x 355 x 165 mm ( 10.6 x 14.0 x 6.5 in) Weight : 6.4 kg ( 14 lbs) Battery : Rechargeable 6 V sealed gel cell - capacity for 30 days of continuous monitoring User Interface : 63 domed tactile keys including full keyboard and dedicated keys for common functions Display : 4-line x 20 character, high contrast, backlit LCD with online help Printer : High resolution thermal plotter PC Interface : RS-232 Auxillary Inputs and Outputs : External Trigger, Remote Alarm, coordinate download from GPS Environmental Printer/ LCD Operating Temperature : -10 to 500C ( 14 to 1220F) Electronics Operating Temperature : -20 to 600C ( -4 to 1400F) Remote Communications : Compatible with Telephone, GSM, Cellular, RF, Satellite, Short-haul modems, and Ethernet device servers. Automatically transfers events when they occur through Instantel Auto Call Home feature. Additional Features : Monitor start/ stop timer

http://www.eliteas.com/files/m7026seriesiiipiledriving.pdf
http://www.eliteas.com/files/m7026seriesiiipiledriving.pdf