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1. (a) An experiment was carried out to study the rate of water loss from the leaves of
a plant under different conditions. Four similar leaves A, B, C and D were detached.
For each leaf, the area of one surface was estimated to be 100 am2. The four leaves
were then smeared with Vaseline and put under different light conditions as shown in
the diagrams below:
(To illustrate the treatments, only the transverse sections of the leaves are shown )
The initial mass of the leaves and their mass after 1 hour of light treatment were
measured and the results are shown in the table below:
Leaf Initial mass of leaf (g) Mass of leaf after 1 hour (g)
A 9.2 9.0
B 9.4 8.8
C 9.5 9.4
D 9.1 8.9
(i) Name the biological process by which the leaves lose water. (1 mark)
(ii) Describe how the area of one surface of a leaf can be estimated. (2 marks)
(iii)Calculate the rate of water loss of each leaf in terms of the decrease in mass per
unit area hour. Present your results in a table. (2 marks)
(iv) (1) Based on your calculations in (iii) above, state which leaf surface lost water at
a faster rate in bright light. (1 mark)
(2) Suggest one structural feature of this leaf surface which would result in a faster
rate of water loss. (1 mark)
(3) Explain the effect of light intensity on the rate of water loss of the leaf. (3
marks)
1. (b) The bar chart below shows the composition of food eaten by an overweight
child for lunch:
100 135 0
150 203 0
200 270 7
250 338 18
300 405 40
350 473 75
400 540 130
(i) Using the same x and y axes, present the above data in the form of a graph.
(4 marks)
(ii) (1) When the concentration of glucose in the plasma is 90 mg per 100cm3
(I) what is the rate of filtering glucose from the glomerulus?
(II) what is the rate of excreting glucose in the urine? (1 mark)
(2) With reference to the function of the kidney tubule, explain your answer in (II)
above. (2 marks)
(iii) Explain one situation which leads to the excretion of glucose in the urine of a
healthy person. (3 marks)
3. (b) The diagrams below show the different stages of development of a germinating
mung bean seed:
(i) (1) With reference to stages 1 and 2, what tropic response is demonstrated by the
radicle? (1 mark)
(2) What is the significance of this tropic response to the plant? (2 marks)
(ii) With reference to the diagrams, deduce, with reasons, two functions of the
cotyledons. (4 marks)
(iii) If an excessive amount of chemical fertilizer is added to the soil at stage 7, the
seeding will wilt after several hours. Explain this phenomenon. (4 marks)
3. (c) The diagram below shows part of a food web in a gei wai at Mai po:
(i) Describe how the energy from the sun becomes available to the gei wai shrimp in
this web. (4 marks)
(ii) Explain what will happen to the yield of the mouthbrooder after all the shrimps
have been harvested from the gei wai. (2 marks)
(iii) Two of the animals in the food web are classified into the same vertebrate group.
(1) Name the group. (1 mark)
(2) State one external feature used for classifying the two animals into this group.
(1 mark)
(iv) Give one reason why the Mai Po reserve area is ecologically valuable. (1 mark)
4. (a) To study the conditions required for photosynthesis, a destarched plant with
variegated leaves was put under sunlight for 4 hours as shown in the diagram below:
(i) Explain why the plant can be destarched by keeping it in darkness for 48 hours.
(2 marks)
(ii) What is the use of soda lime in the set-up? (1 mark)
(iii) After 4 hours, both leaf A and leaf B were detached and tested to see whether
photosynthesis had taken place. Describe how the test should be carried out.
(iv) After the test in (iii) , what is the observed result of (4 marks)
(1) leaf A
(2) leaf B? (2 marks)
(v) What conclusion, if any, can be drawn by comparing the results of
(1) the green part and the non-green part of leaf A only,
(2) the green part of leaf A and the green part of leaf B only,
(3) the green part of leaf A and the non-green part of leaf B only?
Give an explanation if no conclusion can be drawn. (4 marks)
4. (b) Yeast is commonly used in the making of bread. The diagrams below show the
steps in bread-making:
(i) Explain what happens to the volume of the dough after keeping it at 30℃ for 1
hour. (3 marks)
(ii) Give a reason why the volume of the dough will not change any more after it has
been kept in the oven for 10 minutes. (1 mark)
(iii) Suggest another industrial application of yeast. (1 mark)
(iv) If the bread is left in a warm and humid place for several days, black dots will be
found on the bread surface. Make a labelled drawing to show some of these black dots
and their associated structures when observed under a microscope. (3 marks)
4. (c) The photographs below show two postures of a woman doing sit-up exercises:
(i) Describe how the movement of the head can be detected by the semi-circular
canals of the ear when the woman changes her posture from 1 to 2. (5 marks)
(ii) Referring to photograph 2, which muscles in her arms, biceps or triceps, are in a
contracted state so that she can touch her knees? (1 mark)
(iii) Give two structural features of the backbone which allow it to bend to a smooth
and curved shape as shown in photograph 2. (2 marks)
(iv) Suggest one advantage of doing regular exercise. (1 mark)
ANSWER
1. (a) (Total : 10 marks)
(i) *Transpiration (1 mark)
(ii) Trace the outline of the leaf on a graph paper(1 mark)
then count the number of (1 cm2) squares within the outline(1 mark)
(no mark if the method is not workable)
(Deduct 0.5 mark if multiply the area by 2)
(iii)
Leaf Rate of water loss (g cm-2h-1)
A 0.002
B 0.006
C 0.001
D 0.00
Correct results (1 or 0)
Results presented in table from with proper heading and units (0.5 + 0.5)
(iv) (1) The upper surface(1 mark)
(2) There are more stomata on the upper surface of the leaves)
The cuticle on the upper surface is thinner )any one (1 mark)
(3) The rate of water loss increased at higher light intensity
Reasons:
The stomatal pore opened wider at higher light intensity
So the rate diffusion of water vapour became faster(1+1 mark)
OR
The temperature increased at higher light intensity
So the rate of diffusion of water vapour/evaporation became faster(1+1 mark)
Any one set
1. (b) (Total :11+1 marks)
(i) (1) dietary fibre (1 mark)
(2) It adds bulk to food )
promotes peristalsis of the intestine )
and prevents constipation ) any two 1+1 marks
(ii) (1) Milk chocolate contains large proportion of energy-rich food
substances/carbohydrates/fat(1 mark)
If the energy intake of the child is greater than the energy needed. (1 mark)
The excess energy-rich food substances will be stored in the body as fat
Which leads to overweight(1 mark)
(2) Milk chocolate contains high proportion of carbohydrates/It sticks easily to the
tooth surface(1 mark)
Sugars in the chocolate are broken down by the bacteria in the plaque(1 mark)
To form acid which dissolves the enamel and causes tooth decay(1 mark)
Communication Skill (C) (1 mark)
(iii) Food from animals is rich in protein(1 mark)
Which is necessary for the growth of the child(1 mark)
1. (c) (Total 9+1 marks)
(i) homozygous recessive(1 mark)
(ii) Peter is heterozygous(1 mark)
because John must receive a recessive allele from each of his parents(1 mark)
As Peter is normal for this character, he must have at least one dominant allele
(1 mark)
Communication Skill (C) (1 mark)
(iii) May is heterozygous, so genotypes of Paul and June are also heterozygous
(1 mark)
There is a chance for them to have a diseased child(1 mark)
The occurrence of a disease child I random(1 mark)
(iv) to predict the risk of getting a diseased child(1 mark)
(v) lack of iron in the diet(1 mark)
2. (a) ( Total : 11+1 marks)
(i) air sac (1 mark)
(ii) The intercostals muscles contract to raise the rib cage(1 mark)
The diaphragm muscles contract to flatten the diaphragm(1 mark)
The volume of the thoracic cavity increases(1 mark)
And hence the pressure inside decreases(1 mark)
So air rushes into structure A
Communication Skill (C) (1 mark)
(iii) the number/surface area of structure A is reduced/the surface of structure A of the
smoker is less folded(1 mark)
which greatly reduces the rate of gaseous exchange(1 mark)
(iv) (1) lung cancer(1 mark)
(2) large and accurate diagram (D) (1 mark)
Label and title (L): *cigarette, filter *pump, *cotton wool (4 X 0.5 mark)
(No mark if the set-up is not workable)
2. (b) (Total :9+1 marks)
(i) (1)insect (1 mark)
(2) A is club-shaped/has a broad tip
to receive pollen grains on the insect body (1 +1 marks)
OR
Presence of nectary/D
Which produces grains on the insect body(1 +1 marks)
OR
C is relatively large in size
To attract insects(1 +1 marks) (any one set)
(ii) (1) Animal dispersal (1 mark)
(2) The fruit has fleshy portion/E is fleshy and juicy )
OR The fruit has a good smell/taste )
OR The outer skin of the fruit is in bright colour ) any one 1 mark
To attract animals to eat the fruit (1 mark)
(iii) Because cells in tissue E are formed from cells/ovary wall of the mother plant
only(1 mark)
while cells in tissue F are developed from the zygote(1 mark)
which contains a combination of genes from two parent plants(1 mark)
Communication Skill (C) (1 mark)
2. (c) ( Total : 10 marks)
(i) left ventricle (1 mark)
(ii) The pressure increases sharply(1 mark)
because the muscles of chamber Q is contracting(1 mark)
(iii) (1) closed(1 mark)
(2) the pressure in the left ventricle (Q) is greater than that in the left atrium (P)
(1 mark)
thus closing valve A
the heart tendons prevent valve A from turning into the left atrium (P) (1 mark)
(iv) The unidirectional flow of the blood through the heart cannot be maintained (1
mark)
Thus, less blood is pumped out of the heart(1 mark)
(v) (1) chamber P(1 mark)
(2) chamber S(1 mark)
3. (a) (Total : 10 marks)
(i) Title (T) (0.5 mark)
Correct choice of axes (A) (0.5 mark)
Correct labeling of axes with units (L) (0.5 +0.5 mark)
Correct plotting and joining of all points (P) (0.5 +0.5 mark)
Labelling of the two lines (B) (0.5 +0.5 mark)