2aGDB Fundamentals RDalton

ASMC 2005 123 Geodatabase Fundamentals
Geodatabase Fundamentals
Features accessible to all licenses
(ArcView, ArcEditor, ArcInfo)
Ryan Dalton
ESRI Northwest
Copyright © 2002 – 2004 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Introducing the geodatabase

A container for spatial and attribute data
GIS data stored in a relational database (RDBMS)
Scalable solutions (personal GDB or enterprise GDB)
Supports data integrity with rules
ArcGIS has tools to migrate existing GIS data
Shapefiles
Shapefiles
CAD
CAD files
files Coverages
Coverages
Raster
Raster data
data Geodatabase
Geodatabase
ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 2
Storing the geodatabase
Personal geodatabase ArcGIS

Built on Microsoft Jet Engine
Up to 2 GB
ArcGIS 9 now includes raster
Personal ArcSDE
data management
geodatabase
Enterprise geodatabase
Stored in RDBMS & requires ArcSDE Enterprise
Scales to extremely large implementations with geodatabase
high performance IBM DB2
Informix
Stores all GIS data types
Oracle
Facilitates simultaneous multiuser editing and SQL Server
versioning
Edits controlled through ArcEditor or ArcInfo
Use same ArcGIS tools with either storage type

Supporting Multiple Data Types
107’
107’
ArcGIS
Vectors Dimensions
Topology
Data
Surveys ABC
Annotation
In Relational Networks
Images
Tables CAD
Drawings
27 Main St.
3D Objects Attributes
Addresses
Terrain
… With Rules That Define Relationships and Behavior

4
Managing the Geodatabase
Metadata
Rules/
Behavior
Geodatabase ArcGIS
• Application logic
• Tools
• Data store
Data
Maps
Model
Models/
Scripts . . . Simple table
structure,
Data reusable,
and interoperable
… the core geographic information model

to organize GIS data into thematic layers
Advanced Features of the GDB

Core elements of a geodatabase
Feature datasets, feature classes, tables, rasters
Tools and toolboxes
Vector data in the geodatabase

Methods for converting data
Key components
Raster data in the geodatabase

Raster datasets
Raster catalogs
Raster attribute fields


Elements of a
Personal Geodatabase?
Elements within the geodatabase
Geodatabase Tables
Feature dataset Raster datasets
Spatial reference
Raster catalogs
Feature classes
Polygon Route Survey datasets
Line Dimension
Project folder Project
Point
Annotation
Toolboxes
Relationship classes Tool Model Script
Geometric networks Behavior

Attribute defaults Connectivity rules
Topology Attribute domains Relationship rules
Split/Merge policy Topology rules

Data in the personal geodatabase

Most elements and properties in a personal GDB are
stored within a Microsoft Access file
Feature classes are stored as tables with a SHAPE field
Do not edit or
modify personal
GDB outside of
ArcGIS


Toolboxes, toolsets, and tools

Used within ArcGIS geoprocessing framework
Toolbox: Container for tools and toolsets
Toolset: Logical container of tools and other toolsets
Tool: Single geoprocessing operation
Models & Scripts: Chained geoprocessing tools
Toolbox
System tool
Script
Toolset
Model

Working with
Vector Data
Converting digital data

ArcGIS supports conversion of multiple digital formats
Geoprocessing framework makes data conversion simple
ArcView/ArcEditor levels have tools for converting common
data formats
ArcInfo level has comprehensive suite of data conversion tools
DWG/DXF
DWG/DXF
Shapefile
Shapefile DGN
DGN Raster
Raster data
data
GPS
GPS coordinates
coordinates
Table
Table
Geodatabase
XML
XML
Coverage Feature
Feature class
class
Coverage
SDTS
SDTS
TIGER
TIGER
DLG
DLG VPF
VPF

Methods for loading vector data into the GDB

Import/Export tools
ArcCatalog context menu
Geoprocessing framework tools
ArcCatalog Simple Data Loader

Load data into an existing class
(empty or with data)
ArcMap Object Loader

Load data into an existing class
(empty or with data) Geodatabase
Applicable for personal GDB

and enterprise GDB

Spatial reference
Property of a feature class or feature dataset
Defines feature class coordinates
Required for standalone feature classes and feature datasets
Consists of:
Geographic coordinate Projected coordinate Coordinate domains for
system system Y
x/y, z and m
X
• Shape of the earth • 3D earth to 2D map • Controls coordinate storage
• Radius, spheroid, etc. • Origin, units, etc. • Precision
• NAD83, HPGN, etc. • Lambert, Albers, etc. • Extent
• You may change • You may change • You may not change

Geodatabase domains
Domains define legal values for an attribute field
Two types
Range domain: min and max values
Example: PoleHeight = 12 ft to 42 ft
Coded value domain: list of values
Example: Landuse = Residential, Commercial, or Industrial
Split and merge policies

Attribute behavior when features split or merge
Property of the geodatabase

Apply domain to many fields
Apply to all records or by subtype

Hyperlinks to documents
Hyperlinks
Document
URL
Macro
Multiple links per feature
Text fields hyperlink

automatically if they
start with…
http:, ftp:, c:\ or
\\network_drive

A parcel example
Coverages Logical Design Geodatabase
Annotation
Boundaries
Lots
Parcels
PLSS Monument
PLSS Quarter
PLSS Section
• Boundaries hold COGO
PLSS Township attributes.
• Coverage parcel polygons
only exist for regions
Working with
Raster Data

Raster data in the personal geodatabase

Raster data seemingly stored in the geodatabase
However, all data stored externally from geodatabase
Two management types
Managed by the GDB
Unmanaged by the GDB
Advantages
Has little impact on the size of a personal GDB
Organization through common location
Raster catalogs provide a selection
Personal
environment Geodatabase

Rasters in the geodatabase

Images and grids in ArcGIS
Image formats (IMG, TIFF, BMP, many others supported)
Grids (ArcInfo Workstation native raster format)
Geodatabase stores as:
Raster catalogs
A collection of raster datasets
stored in a table
Raster dataset
New to personal geodatabase
Any valid raster format that
organizes data into bands
May include mosaics
Raster attribute
Attribute field data type New to ArcSDE geodatabase

Raster catalogs
A collection of raster
datasets
Raster datasets stored
in a table format
One record for each
raster dataset
Each raster dataset keeps its

own properties
Can mosaic rasters within each
raster dataset
Footprint for each raster dataset
Footprints
Footprints stored
stored as
as
Used for spatial searching vector
vector data
data in
in SHAPE
SHAPE field
field

Raster datasets
An element in the GDB for images
GRID, IMG, TIFF, etc.
Fast display at any scale
Can mosaic multiple images
Image1
Image1 Image2
Image2
Append into one continuous raster
dataset in the GDB
Inputs are typically adjacent
Multiple options to address overlapping
pixels
Gaps are allowed
Partial pyramid building when inserting
or updating area of raster dataset
Mosaic
Mosaic

Raster attributes
New Raster column data type
One raster column per table
Multiple rasters can be supported through related tables
Personal GDB, can be managed or unmanaged

Managed: Data converted to IMG format; managed by GDB
Unmanaged: Analogous to a hyperlink
Enterprise GDB, all rasters converted to ArcSDE

raster format
Using raster attributes

Load rasters within an ArcMap edit session
Use Identify tool to view raster attributes


Why store data in a Geodatabase?

Next generation in data storage
Includes the best of shapefiles and coverages
Adds advanced intelligence to your data
Manages all types of your data
Vector, raster, tables, attributes, domains
Plus many more advanced capabilities (next session)
Easily implemented
Easy-to-use tools for converting your data to GDB
Basic editing techniques are the same as a with a shapefile
Easily Scalable
Featureclasses from Personal GDB may be easily converted to an
enterprise GDB

Questions?
AK Sales:
Terri Morganson
Anchorage, AK
907-644-8470
tmorganson@esri.com
Technical:
Ryan Dalton
Seattle, WA
206-749-0533
rdalton@esri.com


2aGDB Fundamentals RDalton

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ASMC 2005 123 Geodatabase Fundamentals

Copyright © 2002 – 2004 ESRI. All rights reserved.

Introducing the geodatabase

 ArcGIS has tools to migrate existing GIS data

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Storing the geodatabase

 Personal geodatabase ArcGIS

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 1

Supporting Multiple Data Types

… With Rules That Define Relationships and Behavior

Managing the Geodatabase

… the core geographic information model

Advanced Features of the GDB

 Vector data in the geodatabase

 Raster data in the geodatabase

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 2

Copyright © 2002 – 2004 ESRI. All rights reserved.

Elements within the geodatabase

Geometric networks Behavior

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Data in the personal geodatabase

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 3

Toolboxes, toolsets, and tools

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Copyright © 2002 – 2004 ESRI. All rights reserved.

Converting digital data

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 4

Methods for loading vector data into the GDB

 ArcCatalog Simple Data Loader

 ArcMap Object Loader

 Applicable for personal GDB

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

 Split and merge policies

 Property of the geodatabase

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 5

 Multiple links per feature

 Text fields hyperlink

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Copyright © 2002 – 2004 ESRI. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 6

Raster data in the personal geodatabase

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Rasters in the geodatabase

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

 Each raster dataset keeps its

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 7

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

 Personal GDB, can be managed or unmanaged

 Enterprise GDB, all rasters converted to ArcSDE

Using raster attributes

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 8

Why store data in a Geodatabase?

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

ASMC 2005, Geodatabase Fundamentals

Copyright © 2002 – 2005 ESRI. All rights reserved. 9

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Raster data in the geodatabase

ArcCatalog Simple Data Loader

ArcMap Object Loader

Applicable for personal GDB

Split and merge policies

Property of the geodatabase

Multiple links per feature

Text fields hyperlink

Each raster dataset keeps its

Personal GDB, can be managed or unmanaged

Enterprise GDB, all rasters converted to ArcSDE