Analysis of Drinking water Sample

From Hostel Mess & Canteen

SKILL DONE BY:

S. RAMANUJAM
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 SAFE DRINKING WATER

• An ongoing challenge
• Disease Burden:
+ Water related diseases
+ Diarrhoeal disease causes 2.2 million of 3.4 million
water related deaths per year.
+ 1/10 th of productive time sacrificed and more
than 1/3rd deaths in developing countries are due
to drinking contaminated water and water related
disease.
WHO’s Guidelines for Drinking
Water Quality
• International Drinking Water supply and
sanitation decade. (1981 - 1990).
• Surveillance of water quality:
+1. Sanitary Inspection
+2. Water quality control
• Health risk assessment
+Guideline values
+TDI
+NOAEL, LOAEL
 Guideline values of Water
Quality
• Bacteriological quality of drinking water
• Inorganic constituents.
• Organic constituents.
• Pesticides
• Disinfectants and its by-products
• Radioactive Constituents.
• Substances / parameters causing
complaints.
 MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
• History of making water safer:
Father of public health –Cholera
• Indicator concept: - Index/Indicator.
- Criteria.
• Indicator Organisms:
1.Coliform group: a) Total Coliform.
b) Thermo tolerant (faecal) Coliform.
2.Enterococci/ Faecal streptococci.
3.Others:-Clostridium perfringens.
-Pseudomonas/ Aeromonas.
4.Bacteriophages
 Critical Parameters Testing
• Principal risk to human health associated
with drinking water is mainly
MICROBIOLOGICAL .
• Hence it is traditional to rely on few
water quality tests to establish safety.
• They are
• 1. E.coli; thermo tolerant coliform.
• 2. Free chlorine residual
• 3. Supplemental : pH and Turbidity
 Bacteriological quality of
drinking water
Organisms Guideline value
All water intended for drinking
E coli or thermotolerant coliform bacteria Must not be detectable in any 100-ml sample
Treated water entering the distribution system
E coli or thermotolerant coliform bacteria Must not be detectable in any 100-ml sample
Total coliform bacteria Must not be detectable in any 100-ml sample
Treated water in the distribution system
E coli or thermotolerant coliform bacteria Must not be detectable in any 100-ml sample
Total coliform bacteria Must not be detectable in any 100-ml sample
If large suplies must not be present in 95%
of samples in any 12-months.
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 PROCEDURE
• SAMPLING.
• EQUIPMENTS.
• Multiple Tube Method:
- Inoculation at 35-37’ F.
- Reading the tubes for acid/ gas.
- Confirming for thermo tolerant coliform by
sub culturing at 44’F.
- Counting the coliform using tables.
 PHYSICO CHEMICAL
ASPECTS

• FREE CHLORINE RESIDUAL.

• pH.
• TURBIDITY.
• OTHERS:- Fluoride, Nitrates, Lead,
Chromium, Arsenic and Pesticides
 Surveillance of drinking Water
Quality
• SOURCE PREVENTION.
• WATERSHED PROTECTION.
• CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATING PROCEDURES.
+ DISINFECTION.
+ PERIODIC FLUSHING AND CLEANING OF STORAGE
FACILITIES.
+ REGULATION OF CHEMICALS USED IN TREATMENT.
+ CROSS CONECTION CONTROL, BACK FLOW
PREVENTION AND LEEK DETECTION CONTROL.
• SANITARY SURVEYS / INSPECTION.
• WATER QUALITY CONTROL.
 REFERENCES
• GUIDELINES FOR DRINKING WATER QUALITY.
• VOLUME 1 : RECOMMENDATIONS
• VOLUME 2 : HEALTH CRITERA
• VOLUME 3 : SURVEILLANCE AND
CONTROL OF COMMUNITY SUPPLIES
• ASSESING MICROBIAL SAFETY OF DRINKING
WATER.
• PARK’S - TEXT BOOK OF COMMUNITY
MEDICINE.
• PANICKER’S - TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY.
• PRACTICAL MICROBIOLOGY - MACKEY.