PEIR Main Report Vol11-Dormay-Street

Preliminary environmental information report
Volume 11: Dormay Street site assessment

CSO interception and connection tunnel sequential drive site
Regulations 2 and 10 of the Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009
Thames Tunnel
Phase two consultation documentation

General
Your guide to phase two consultation Why does London need the Thames Tunnel? Feedback form Equalities form Customer overview leaflet
Technical documents
Air management plan Book of plans Code of construction practice Part A: General requirements Consultation strategy and statement of community consultation Design development report Draft waste strategy Interim engagement report Needs Report Phase two scheme development report Preliminary environmental information report Report on phase one consultation Background technical paper Site selection methodology paper
Project information papers

Build Changes Consultation Design Environment Funding Managing construction Odour Options Overflow Regulatory framework Route and tunnel alignment Route to consent Settlement Site selection Timing Transport
Site information papers

Abbey Mills Pumping Station Acton Storm Tanks Albert Embankment Foreshore Barn Elms Beckton Sewage Treatment Works Bekesbourne Street Blackfriars Bridge Foreshore Carnwarth Road Riverside Chambers Wharf Chelsea Embankment Foreshore Cremorne Wharf Depot Deptford Chrurch Street Dormay Street Earl Pumping Station Falconbrook Pumping Station Greenwich Pumping Station Hammersmith Pumping Station Heathwall Pumping Station Jews Row King Edward Memorial Park Forehore King Georges Park Kirtling Street Other works Putney Bridge Foreshore Shad Thames Pumping Station Victoria Embankment Foreshore
Thames Tunn
Thames Tunnel Preliminary environmental information report

List of contents Non technical summary Part A: Preliminary project information Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4 Volume 5 Volume 6 Volume 7 Volume 8 Volume 9 Introduction Proposed development Alternatives Scoping Opinions and technical engagement Assessment methodology Project-wide assessment Acton Storm Tanks CSO interception and main tunnel reception site Hammersmith Pumping Station CSO interception site Barn Elms CSO interception site
Part B: Preliminary site information
Volume 10 Putney Bridge Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 11 Dormay Street CSO interception and connection tunnel sequential drive site (this document) Volume 12 King Georges Park CSO interception and connection tunnel reception site Volume 13 Carnwath Road Riverside main tunnel drive and reception, and connection tunnel reception site Volume 14 Falconbrook Pumping Station CSO interception site Volume 15 Cremorne Wharf Depot CSO interception site Volume 16 Chelsea Embankment Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 17 Kirtling Street main tunnel double drive site Volume 18 Heathwall Pumping Station CSO interception site Volume 19 Albert Embankment Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 20 Victoria Embankment Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 21 Blackfriars Bridge Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 22 Chambers Wharf main tunnel drive and reception and connection tunnel reception site Volume 23 King Edward Memorial Park Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 24 Earl Pumping Station CSO interception site Volume 25 Deptford Church Street CSO interception site
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Volume 26 Greenwich Pumping Station CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site Volume 27 Abbey Mills Pumping Station main tunnel reception site Volume 28 Beckton Sewage Treatment Works site
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Thames Tunnel Volume 11: Dormay Street site assessment

List of contents
Page number
1 2
Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Site context ....................................................................................................... 2 2.1 2.2 Site location ............................................................................................. 2 Environmental setting .............................................................................. 2 Overview.................................................................................................. 4 Operation ................................................................................................. 5 Construction ............................................................................................ 6 Design development and on-site alternatives ........................................ 11 Base case .............................................................................................. 12 Introduction ............................................................................................ 14 Proposed development .......................................................................... 14 Assessment methodology...................................................................... 16 Baseline conditions................................................................................ 16 Construction assessment ...................................................................... 19 Operational assessment ........................................................................ 22 Approach to mitigation ........................................................................... 23 Assessment summary ........................................................................... 24 Assessment completion ......................................................................... 25 Introduction ............................................................................................ 26 Proposed development .......................................................................... 26 Assessment methodology...................................................................... 28 Baseline conditions................................................................................ 30 Construction assessment ...................................................................... 35 Operational assessment ........................................................................ 41 Approach to mitigation ........................................................................... 44 Assessment summary ........................................................................... 45
Proposed development.................................................................................... 4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
Air quality and odour ..................................................................................... 14 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9
Ecology - aquatic ........................................................................................... 26 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8
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5.9 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5
Assessment completion ......................................................................... 49 Introduction ............................................................................................ 50 Proposed development .......................................................................... 50 Assessment methodology...................................................................... 51 Baseline conditions................................................................................ 53 Construction assessment ...................................................................... 59 Operational assessment ........................................................................ 62 Approach to mitigation ........................................................................... 62 Assessment summary ........................................................................... 62 Assessment completion ......................................................................... 64 Introduction ............................................................................................ 65 Proposed development .......................................................................... 65 Assessment methodology...................................................................... 66 Baseline conditions................................................................................ 67 Construction assessment ...................................................................... 80 Operational assessment ........................................................................ 84 Approach to mitigation ........................................................................... 85 Assessment summary ........................................................................... 87 Assessment completion ......................................................................... 90 Introduction ............................................................................................ 91 Proposed development .......................................................................... 91 Assessment methodology...................................................................... 91 Baseline conditions................................................................................ 92 Construction assessment ...................................................................... 99 Operational assessment ...................................................................... 103 Approach to mitigation ......................................................................... 104 Assessment summary ......................................................................... 105 Assessment completion ....................................................................... 106 Introduction .......................................................................................... 107 Proposed development ........................................................................ 107 Assessment methodology.................................................................... 109 Baseline conditions.............................................................................. 110 Construction assessment .................................................................... 112
Ecology - terrestrial ....................................................................................... 50
Historic environment ..................................................................................... 65
Land quality .................................................................................................... 91
Noise and vibration ...................................................................................... 107
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9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 13 13.1 13.2
Operational assessment ...................................................................... 120 Approach to mitigation ......................................................................... 122 Assessment summary ......................................................................... 124 Assessment completion ....................................................................... 126 Introduction .......................................................................................... 127 Proposed development ........................................................................ 127 Assessment methodology.................................................................... 128 Baseline conditions.............................................................................. 129 Construction assessment .................................................................... 133 Operational assessment ...................................................................... 138 Approach to mitigation ......................................................................... 139 Assessment summary ......................................................................... 140 Assessment completion ....................................................................... 141 Introduction .......................................................................................... 142 Proposed development ........................................................................ 142 Assessment methodology.................................................................... 143 Baseline conditions.............................................................................. 144 Construction assessment .................................................................... 154 Operational assessment ...................................................................... 162 Approach to mitigation ......................................................................... 168 Assessment summary ......................................................................... 169 Assessment completion ....................................................................... 174 Introduction .......................................................................................... 175 Proposed development ........................................................................ 175 Assessment methodology.................................................................... 179 Baseline conditions.............................................................................. 181 Construction assessment .................................................................... 186 Operational assessment ...................................................................... 192 Approach to mitigation ......................................................................... 196 Assessment summary ......................................................................... 199 Assessment completion ....................................................................... 201 Introduction .......................................................................................... 202 Proposed development ........................................................................ 202
Socio-economics ......................................................................................... 127
Townscape and visual ................................................................................. 142
Transport ...................................................................................................... 175
Water resources groundwater ................................................................. 202
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13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6
Assessment methodology.................................................................... 203 Baseline conditions.............................................................................. 203 Construction assessment .................................................................... 206 Operational assessment ...................................................................... 207 Approach to mitigation ......................................................................... 209 Assessment summary ......................................................................... 210 Assessment completion ....................................................................... 211 Introduction .......................................................................................... 212 Proposed development ........................................................................ 212 Assessment methodology.................................................................... 214 Baseline conditions.............................................................................. 214 Construction assessment .................................................................... 218 Operational assessment ...................................................................... 222 Approach to mitigation ......................................................................... 226 Assessment summary ......................................................................... 227 Assessment completion ....................................................................... 229 Introduction .......................................................................................... 230 Policy considerations ........................................................................... 231 Regulatory position .............................................................................. 231 Assessment of flood risk ...................................................................... 234 Flood risk design and mitigation ....................................................... 246 Assessment completion ....................................................................... 249
Water resources surface water ................................................................ 212
Water resources flood risk ....................................................................... 230
Appendices ........................................................................................................... 251 Appendix A: Historic environment ...................................................................... 253 Appendix B : Land quality .................................................................................. 264 Appendix C : Noise and vibration ....................................................................... 266 Appendix D : Townscape and visual .................................................................. 267 Appendix E : Water resources - groundwater ................................................... 271 Glossary ................................................................................................................ 282 References ............................................................................................................ 297
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List of figures
Page number
Vol 11 Figure 2.1.1 Site location plan ........................................................................ 2 Vol 11 Figure 2.2.1 Environmental setting ................................................................. 2 Vol 11 Figure 3.1.1 Demolition and site clearance plan............................................. 4 Vol 11 Figure 3.1.2 Construction - site setup, shaft construction & tunneling ............ 4 Vol 11 Figure 3.1.3 Construction - construction of other structures ........................... 4 Vol 11 Figure 3.1.4 Permanent works layout ............................................................. 4 Vol 11 Figure 4.4.1 Air quality monitoring locations ................................................. 18 Vol 11 Figure 5.4.1 Aquatic ecology habitats and sampling locations .................. 31 Vol 11 Figure 5.4.2 Aquatic ecology - long-term EA total fish catches .................... 32 Vol 11 Figure 6.4.1 Terrestrial ecology Phase 1 habitat survey............................... 54 Vol 11 Figure 7.4.1 Historic environment features map ........................................... 68 Vol 11 Figure 8.4.1 Land quality contaminative land uses.................................... 93 Vol 11 Figure 8.4.2 Land quality borehole locations ............................................. 97 Vol 11 Figure 8.4.3 Land quality environmental records and waste sites ............. 98 Vol 11 Figure 9.4.1 Noise and vibration residential receptors................................ 111 Vol 11 Figure 10.4.1 Socio-economic context ....................................................... 130 Vol 11 Figure 11.4.1 Townscape and visual development pattern and scale ..... 145 Vol 11 Figure 11.4.2 Townscape and visual pattern and extent of vegetation ..... 145 Vol 11 Figure 11.4.3 Townscape and visual open space distribution and type... 146 Vol 11 Figure 11.4.4 Townscape and visual transport network .......................... 146 Vol 11 Figure 11.4.5 Townscape character areas ................................................. 147 Vol 11 Figure 11.4.6 Townscape and visual viewpoint locations ........................ 152 Vol 11 Figure 12.2.1 Transport - construction traffic routes ................................... 177 Vol 11 Figure 12.2.2 Transport - construction lorry profile ..................................... 178 Vol 12 Figure 12.4.1 Transport site plan ................................................................ 181 Vol 11 Figure 15.4.1 Flood risk EA flood zones .................................................. 239 Vol 11 Figure 15.4.2 Flood risk River Wandle flood depths ................................ 239
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List of tables
Page number
Vol 11 Table 3.3.1 Standard working hours ............................................................. 11 Vol 11 Table 3.4.1 Design development at Dormay Street ...................................... 12 Vol 11 Table 4.3.1 Air quality and odour stakeholder engagement ......................... 16 Vol 11 Table 4.4.1 Air Quality - measured NO2 concentrations ............................... 17 Vol 11 Table 4.4.2 Air quality - additional monitoring locations................................ 18 Vol 11 Table 4.4.3 Air quality background pollutant concentrations ........................ 18 Vol 11 Table 4.4.4 Air quality receptors - construction ............................................ 19 Vol 11 Table 4.6.1 Odour impacts at ground level - operation ................................. 23 Vol 11 Table 4.6.2 Odour impacts at buildings -operation ....................................... 23 Vol 11 Table 4.8.1 Air quality construction assessment .......................................... 24 Vol 11 Table 4.8.2 Odour operational assessment .................................................. 24 Vol 11 Table 5.3.1 Aquatic ecology Scoping Opinions ............................................ 28 Vol 11 Table 5.4.1 Aquatic ecology features of interest........................................... 31 Vol 11 Table 5.4.2 Aquatic ecology invertebrate fauna ........................................... 33 Vol 11 Table 5.4.3 Aquatic ecology receptors ......................................................... 35 Vol 11 Table 5.5.1 Aquatic ecology impacts - construction ..................................... 37 Vol 11 Table 5.6.1 Aquatic ecology impacts - operation .......................................... 42 Vol 11 Table 5.8.1 Aquatic ecology construction assessment summary ................. 45 Vol 11 Table 5.8.2 Aquatic ecology operational assessment summary ................... 47 Vol 11 Table 6.3.1 Terrestrial ecology notable species surveys .............................. 52 Vol 11 Table 6.4.1 Terrestrial ecology Phase 1 habitat survey ................................ 54 Vol 11 Table 6.8.1 Terrestrial ecology construction assessment ............................. 62 Vol 11 Table 7.4.1 Historic environment receptors .................................................. 79 Vol 11 Table 7.5.1 Historic environment construction effects .................................. 83 Vol 11 Table 7.6.1 Historic environment effects operation ...................................... 84 Vol 11 Table 7.8.1 Historic environment summary of construction assessment ...... 87 Vol 11 Table 7.8.2 Historic environment summary of operational assessment........ 89 Vol 11 Table 8.4.1 Land quality contaminative land use summary .......................... 93 Vol 11 Table 8.4.2 Land quality - site geology and hydrogeology............................ 96 Vol 11 Table 8.4.3 Land quality ground investigation data ...................................... 97 Vol 11 Table 8.4.4 Land quality environmental records and waste sites ................. 98 Vol 11 Table 8.5.1 Land quality impacts - construction ......................................... 101
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Vol 11 Table 8.5.2 Land quality receptor values/sensitivities - construction .......... 102 Vol 11 Table 8.5.3 Land quality significance of effects - construction.................... 102 Vol 11 Table 8.6.1 Land quality impacts - operation .............................................. 104 Vol 11 Table 8.6.2 Land quality receptors - operation ........................................... 104 Vol 11 Table 8.6.3 Land quality effects - operation................................................ 104 Vol 11 Table 8.8.1 Land quality Assessment summary - construction................... 105 Vol 11 Table 8.8.2 Land quality Assessment summary - operation ....................... 105 Vol 11 Table 9.4.1 Noise and vibration receptors .................................................. 111 Vol 11 Table 9.4.2 Airborne noise assessment categories - construction ............. 112 Vol 11 Table 9.5.1 Noise at DS1, 16-22 Armoury Way.......................................... 113 Vol 11 Table 9.5.2 Noise at DS2, 8-13 London Court............................................ 114 Vol 11 Table 9.5.3 Noise at DS3, 28-51 Sudlow Road .......................................... 115 Vol 11 Table 9.5.4 Noise at DC4, Frogmore Complex........................................... 116 Vol 11 Table 9.5.5 Vibration impacts at buildings/structures - construction ........... 118 Vol 11 Table 9.5.6 Vibration impacts and human response -construction ............. 119 Vol 11 Table 9.5.7 Noise and vibration construction effects .................................. 120 Vol 11 Table 9.6.1 Airborne noise impacts - operation .......................................... 120 Vol 11 Table 9.6.2 Noise and vibration effects - operation .................................... 121 Vol 11 Table 9.8.1 Noise and vibration assessment summary - construction ........ 124 Vol 11 Table 9.8.2 Noise and vibration assessment - operation ............................ 124 Vol 11 Table 10.3.1 Socio-economic stakeholder engagement ............................. 128 Vol 11 Table 10.4.1 Socio-economic receptors ..................................................... 132 Vol 11 Table 10.5.1 Socio-economic estimated employment levels ...................... 134 Vol 11 Table 10.5.2 Socio economics construction effects .................................... 137 Vol 11 Table 10.6.1 Socio economics operational effects ..................................... 138 Vol 11 Table 10.8.1 Socio-economic assessment summary - construction ........... 140 Vol 11 Table 10.8.2 Socio-economic assessment summary - operation ............... 140 Vol 11 Table 11.4.1 Townscape site components ................................................. 146 Vol 11 Table 11.4.2 Townscape sensitivities to change ........................................ 152 Vol 11 Table 11.4.3 Visual viewpoints sensitivities to change ............................... 154 Vol 11 Table 11.5.1 Townscape effects on site components - construction .......... 155 Vol 11 Table 11.5.2 Townscape significance of effects - construction................... 158 Vol 11 Table 11.5.3 Viewpoint effects - construction ............................................. 161 Vol 11 Table 11.6.1 Townscape site components effects Year 1 operation .......... 162 Vol 11 Table 11.6.2 Townscape character area effects Year 1 operation ............. 164
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Vol 11 Table 11.6.3 Viewpoint effects Year 1 of operation .................................... 167 Vol 11 Table 11.8.1 Townscape assessment summary - construction .................. 169 Vol 11 Table 11.8.2 Visual assessment summary - construction........................... 170 Vol 11 Table 11.8.3 Townscape assessment summary Year 1 of operation ...... 171 Vol 11 Table 11.8.4 Visual assessment summary Year 1 of operation............... 172 Vol 11 Table 12.2.1 Transport - site construction traffic details ............................. 176 Vol 11 Table 12.2.2 Transport - construction worker numbers .............................. 179 Vol 11 Table 12.3.1 Transport stakeholder engagement ....................................... 180 Vol 11 Table 12.4.1 Transport bus service frequency ........................................ 182 Vol 11 Table 12.4.2 Transport receptor values/sensitivities................................... 186 Vol 11 Table 12.5.1 Transport forecast construction vehicle movements ........... 189 Vol 11 Table 12.8.1 Transport assessment summary - construction ..................... 199 Vol 11 Table 12.8.2 Transport assessment summary - operation ......................... 200 Vol 11 Table 13.2.1 Groundwater - methods of construction ................................. 202 Vol 11 Table 13.4.1 Groundwater - ground conditions and hydrogeology ............. 203 Vol 11 Table 13.4.2 Groundwater receptors .......................................................... 205 Vol 11 Table 13.5.1 Groundwater impacts and magnitudes - construction ............ 207 Vol 11 Table 13.5.2 Groundwater receptor values/sensitivities - construction ....... 207 Vol 11 Table 13.5.3 Groundwater significance of effects - construction ................ 207 Vol 11 Table 13.6.1 Groundwater impacts and magnitudes - operation ................ 208 Vol 11 Table 13.6.2 Groundwater receptor values/sensitivities - operation ........... 208 Vol 11 Table 13.6.3 Groundwater significance of effects - operation..................... 209 Vol 11 Table 13.8.1 Groundwater assessment summary - construction ................ 210 Vol 11 Table 13.8.2 Groundwater assessment summary - operation .................... 210 Vol 11 Table 14.4.1 Surface water receptors......................................................... 215 Vol 11 Table 14.5.1 Surface water assessment summary - construction .............. 221 Vol 11 Table 14.5.2 Surface water significance of effects - construction ............... 222 Vol 11 Table 14.6.1 Surface water impacts - operation ......................................... 224 Vol 11 Table 14.6.2 Surface water effects - operation ........................................... 226 Vol 11 Table 14.8.1 Surface water assessment summary - construction .............. 228 Vol 11 Table 14.8.2 Surface water assessment summary - operation................... 228 Vol 11 Table 15.4.1 Flood risk - runoff rates onsite .............................................. 244 Vol 11 Table 15.5.1 Flood risk to both areas of the site......................................... 246 Vol 11 Table 15.5.2 Flood risk - runoff rates and attenuation volumes ................. 248
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List of abbreviations AADT ACE AM AOD APZ AQEG AQMA AQO ARS ASR ASSI ATC ATD AURN BAP BGS BMWP BOD BPIP BPM BS CABE CAMS CCI CCSS CCTV CDA CEMP CIRIA CLR CoCP CoPA CROW Annual Average Daily Traffic Arts Culture and Entertainment Morning Above Ordnance Datum Archaeological Priority Zone Air Quality Expert Group Air Quality Management Area Air Quality Objective Artificial Recharge Scheme Aquifer Storage and Recovery Area of Special Scientific Interest Automated Traffic Counter Above Tunnel Datum (defined at ~100m AOD) Automatic Urban and Rural Network Biodiversity Action Plan British Geological Survey Biological Monitoring Working Party Biochemical Oxygen Demand Building Profile Input Programme Best Practicable Means British Standard Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy Community Conservation Index Community Consultation Strategy Closed Circuit Television Critical Drainage Area Construction Environment Management Programmes Construction Industry Research and Information Association Contaminated Land Report Code of Construction Practice Control of Pollution Act Countryside and Rights of Way
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CSO dB dB LAeq,T
Combined Sewer Overflow Decibel a equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level having the same energy as a fluctuating sound over a specified time period T Department for Culture, Media and Sport Development Consent Order Department for Communities and Local Government Department for Culture media and Sport Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Department for Transport Development Management Plan Development Management Policies Document Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Dissolved Oxygen Development Plan Document Digital Terrain Mapping Environment Agency European Commission Ecological Impact Assessment Estimated Vibration Dose Value European Economic Area Environment Food and Rural Affairs Committee English Heritage Environmental Health Officer Environmental Impact Assessment European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme English Nature Environment Protection Agency Earth Pressure Balance Earth Pressure Balance Machine Equality Impact Assessment Environmental Quality Standard Environmental Statement European Union Frequently Asked Questions
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DCMS DCO DCLG DCMS Defra DfT DMP DMPD DMRB DO DPD DTM EA EC EcIA eVDV EEA EFRA EH EHO EIA EMEP EN EPA EPB EPBM EqIA EQS ES EU FAQ
FIDOR FRA GARDIT GI GiGL GIS GLA GLHER GQA GSHP GWB GWMU H2S ha HA HDV HEA HER HGV HIA HIAB HPA HQ HRA HTC HWR IEEM IEMA IMD IPC Iron Age JNCC kg km
Frequency, Intensity, Duration, Offensiveness, Receptor Flood Risk Assessment General Aquifer Research Development and Investigation Team Ground Investigation Greenspace Information for Greater London Geographical Information System Greater London Authority Greater London Historic Environment Record General Quality Assessment (EA water quality classification) Ground Source Heat Pump Groundwater Body: distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers Ground Water Management Unit Hydrogen sulphide hectares Highways Authority Heavy Duty Vehicle Historic Environmental Assessment Historic Environment Record Heavy Goods Vehicle Health Impact Assessment Hydrauliska Industri AB Company Health Protection Agency Headquarter Habitats Regulations Assessment Hammersmith Town Centre Hazardous Waste Regulations (2005) Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment Index of Multiple Deprivation Infrastructure Planning Commission 600 BC AD 43 Joint Nature Conservation Committee kilograms kilometre
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kVA kW l/d l/s LA LAARC LAQM LAQN LB LBAP LDF LGV LHA LMB LNR loWR LSB LtB LTI LTT LUL LVMF m m AOD m ATD m/s MAGIC Mbgl MEICA Ml/d MoD MOL MOLA NE NESR
kilo watt amperes kilowatt litres per day litres per second Local Authority London Archaeological Archive and Research Centre Local Air Quality Management London Air Quality Network London Borough Local Biodiversity Action Plan Local Development Framework Light Goods Vehicle Local Highway Authority Lambeth Mottled Beds Local Nature Reserve List of Wastes Regulations 2005 Lower Shelly Beds Laminated Beds London Tideway Improvements London Tideway Tunnels London Underground Limited London View Management Framework metre metres above Ordinance Datum (see AOD) metres above temporary datum, (see ATD) metres per second Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside Metres below ground level Mechanical Electrical Instrumentation Controls Automation Megalitres per day (million litres per day) Ministry of Defence Metropolitan Open Land Museum of London Archaeology Natural England North East Storm Relief
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NCR NGR NMR NNR NO2 NOx NPPF NPS NRMM NSIP NSRA NTS OCU Ofwat OS OUE PAH PCB PEI PEIR PEL PICP PIP PLA PM PM10 PPC PPE PPG PPS PPV PRoW PS pSPA PWS
National Cycle Route National Grid Reference National Monuments Record National Nature Reserve Nitrogen dioxide Oxides of nitrogen National Planning Policy Framework National Policy Statement Non Road Mobile Machinery Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project National Small-bore Rifle Association Non Technical Summary Odour Control Unit The Water Services Regulations Authority Ordnance Survey European Odour Unit Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polychlorinated Biphenyl Preliminary Environmental Information Preliminary Environmental Information Report Probable Effect Levels Pollution Incident Control Plan Project Information Paper Port of London Authority Afternoon Particles on the order of ~10 micrometers or less Pollution Prevention and Control Personal Protective Equipment Pollution Prevention Guidance Planning Policy Statement Peak Particle Velocity Public Rights of Way Pumping Station Potential Special Protected Area Public Water Supply
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RAMS RAMSAR RB RBKC RBMP RDB RHS RPG RSPB RDB RTC RTD SA SAC SAM SCI SCL SFRA SI SINC SMI SNCI SO2 SoCC SPA SPD S-P-R SPZ SR SRN SSR SSSI STW SUDS
Risk Assessment Method Statement The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Royal Borough Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea River Basin Management Plans Red Data Book Royal Horticultural Society Regional Planning Guidance Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Red data book Real Time Control River Terrace Deposits Sustainability Appraisal Special Area of Conservation Scheduled Ancient Monument. More commonly referred to as Scheduled Monument Statement of Community Involvement Sprayed Concrete Lining Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Statutory Instrument Site of Importance for Nature Conservation Site of Metropolitan Importance Site Nature Conservation Importance Sulphur dioxide Statement of Community Consultation Special Protection Area Supplementary Planning Document Source-pathway-receptor Source Protection Zone Storm Relief Strategic Road Network Site Suitability Report Site of Special Scientific Interest Sewage Treatment Works Sustainable (Urban) Drainage Systems
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SWMP SWMP t TA TAS TBC TBM TDP TEBP TEL TfL TFRM TH TLRN Tpa TPO TT TTQI TTSS TWU UDP UK UKHO UMB UPN UWWTD UWWTR UXO VDV VNEB OA WCA WEEE WFD WIA WRAP
waste - Site Waste Management Plan water Surface Water Management Plan tonne Transport Assessment Thames Archaeological Survey To be confirmed Tunnel Boring Machine Thames Discovery Programme Thames Estuary Benthic Programme Threshold Effect Levels Transport for London Tideway Fish Risk Model Tower Hamlets Transport for London Road Network tonnes per annum Tree Preservation Order Thames Tunnel Thames Tideway Quality Improvements Thames Tideway Strategic Study 2005 Thames Water Utilities Unitary Development Plan United Kingdom United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Upper Mottled Beds Upnor Formation Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations Unexploded Ordnance Vibration Dose Value Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea Opportunity Area Wildlife and Countryside Act Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive Water Framework Directive Water Industry Act 1991 Waste Resources Action Programme
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WSI WWT ZTV ZVI
Written Scheme of Investigation Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Zone of Theoretical Visibility Zone of Visual Influence
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Volume 11: Dormay Street
Section 1: Introduction
1
1.1.1 1.1.2
Introduction
This volume presents the preliminary environmental information for the Thames Tunnel proposal at Dormay Street This document reports the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant environmental effects of the Thames Tunnel project at Dormay Street. The planned activities to assist in completing the environmental impact assessment (EIA) include: a. conclude baseline environmental surveys b. confirm final design, informed by, amongst other things, feedback from public consultation c. undertake design of possible mitigation to address adverse effects.
1.1.3
Once complete, the findings of the EIA will be reported in full in the Environmental Statement which will be submitted with the consent application This volume describes the site and environmental context in Section 2. The proposed development including construction and operation is described in Section 3. The design evolution for this site is set out in Section 3.4. Finally, Section 3.5 (base case) refers to other development schemes which have been submitted or with extant planning approval within or in proximity to the site. The site at Dormay Street would be a connection tunnel drive site for the Frogmore connection tunnel. The development would link the existing Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO through a CSO drop shaft to the proposed Frogmore connection tunnel which would run north from the site to the main Thames Tunnel at Carnwath Road Riverside and south to King Georges Park. The Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO currently discharges approximately 26 times a year at approximately 17,300m3 per year. A description of the Thames Tunnel is included in Volume 2. This includes the planning context for the project as well as local planning policies relevant to this site. The alternatives which have been considered are described in Volume 3. Scoping and technical engagement is covered in Volume 4, while Volume 5 sets out the technical assessment methodology. A project-wide assessment is provided in Volume 6. The remaining Volumes 7 to 28 contain the site specific assessments. It is noted that the Scoping Report issued in March 2011 was prepared before Dormay Street was identified as a potential alternative site. This site has therefore not been the subject of formal scoping. The scope of the assessment set out in this volume has drawn on the scoping response received from London Borough (LB) of Wandsworth, and feedback from other statutory consultees as well as professional judgement.
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.1.7
Page 1
Section 2: Site context
2
2.1
2.1.1
Site context
Site location
The site is located in the London Borough (LB) of Wandsworth. It comprises part of the Frogmore Industrial Complex and Causeway Island covering an area of 0.5ha. The site is shown in Vol 11 Figure 2.1.1. Vol 11 Figure 2.1.1 Site location plan (see Volume 11 Figures document)
2.1.2
The site is bounded by railway lines and a vehicle storage area to the north, the Causeway to the east and a London Borough (LB) of Wandsworth maintenance depot to the west. Bell Lane Creek runs through the centre of the site. The south of the site backs onto clusters of industrial buildings along Dormay Street including Wentworth House (a Grade II listed building). A public house, the Armoury, and a row of cottages and terraced properties are located further south at the junction of Dormay Street and Armoury Way. The wider area is mixed, comprising commercial, industrial and residential uses. The Frogmore Complex forms part of a wider industrial area. Access to the site is from Dormay Street. By road, the site is close to Putney Bridge Road (A3209), Armoury Way and Old York Road. The nearest railway station is Wandsworth Town (0.5km), and the nearest London Underground station is East Putney (1.2km). There are no Public Rights of Ways (PRoWs) within the site, with the closest being the Thames Path which runs west-east, approximately 1km to the north of the site. Within the site there is mainly hardstanding and buildings. The site is presently occupied by Keltbray Ltd, a specialist demolition and civil engineering contractor which would vacate the site in early 2012 (see Section 3.4.1 for further details). Causeway Island to the north of Bell Lane Creek also forms part of the site. The Island is currently used for open storage of motor vehicles and materials. Vol 11 Figure 2.1.1 shows the site plan and contextual photographs.
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.2
2.2.1
Environmental setting
Environmental designations for the site and immediate surrounds are shown in Vol 11 Figure 2.2.1. Vol 11 Figure 2.2.1 Environmental setting (see Volume 11 Figures document)
2.2.2
There are no statutory nature conservation designations within the site. The site is immediately adjacent to the River Thames and Tidal Tributaries Site of Metropolitan Importance. The shore of Bell Lane Creek includes mudflats, a UK and London Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) priority habitat. There are a number of listed buildings within 400m of the site including the grade II listed Wentworth House to the south (40m from the site), the
2.2.3
Page 2
Section 2: Site context
Grade II* Ram Brewery (210m from the site), Grade II Stables at Ram structure (90m) and the Grade II Grapes Public House (210m). 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 The site is located within the Wandsworth Archaeological Priority Area and partially within the Wandsworth Town Conservation Area. There are no Tree Protection Orders on or adjacent to the site. The whole of Wandsworth Borough is an Air Quality Management Area for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10). Land quality at the site is influenced by historical onsite and offsite activities including electricity works, infilling of Bell Lane creek and use of the site as a Corporation Yard. Local geology is made up of superficial geology and made ground 2.5 m), alluvium (0.5m), river terrace deposits (2m) and London Clay (45 m). The site is within the Flood Zone 3 of the River Thames/Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle. The southern part of the site is defended to the 1 in 1000 year flood level from the Tidal Thames/Bell Lane Creek. The northern part of the site is not defended from flooding originating from Bell Lane Creek.
2.2.8
Page 3
Section 3: Proposed development
3
3.1
3.1.1
Proposed development
Overview
The development at Dormay Street would link the existing Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO through a CSO drop shaft to the proposed Frogmore Connection Tunnel which would run from the site to the main tunnel at Carnwath Road Riverside and King Georges Park. Vol 11 Figure 3.1.1-Figure 3.1.4 show the demolition and site clearance, construction phasing and permanent works plans. Vol 11 Figure 3.1.1 Demolition and site clearance plan Vol 11 Figure 3.1.2 Construction - site setup, shaft construction & tunneling Vol 11 Figure 3.1.3 Construction - construction of other structures Vol 11 Figure 3.1.4 Permanent works layout (see Volume 11 Figures document)
3.1.2
Construction of the main works at this site is scheduled to commence in early 2017 (Year 1) and be completed by 2019, taking approximately three years. Early works, such as utility connections and diversions may be undertaken in advance of the main works. The site would be operational in 2023. Further detail of the programme is described in Section 3.3. The following structures would be required at this site: a. drop shaft b. below ground interception chamber with ground level access cover(s) c. below ground valve chamber with above ground level access cover(s) d. underground connection culvert with access via the shaft and/or valve chamber e. below ground ventilation chamber consisting of air management systems including filtration, pumps and ventilation ducting f. ventilation column g. permanent restoration of the temporary construction site comprising levelling, infilling and making good, and landscaping works to incorporate maintenance vehicle hardstanding and access to chamber covers. h. Electrical, control and ventilation kiosk
3.1.3
3.1.4 3.1.5
Further details of these elements are given in Section 3.2 where these are relevant to the technical assessments that follow. The following construction related elements would be required: a. gates to temporary site entrance and exit b. hoardings and other means of enclosure, barrier or screening c. office and welfare accommodation and facilities
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Volume 11: Dormay Street d. workshops and stores e. plant and machinery f. power generation plant and lighting g. highways access and Bailey bridge
h. material storage and handling areas and treatment facilities i. 3.1.6 shotcrete plant and power supply Further details of the proposed methods and the relevant phases are given in Section 3.3 where these are relevant to the technical assessments that follow.
3.2
3.2.1
Operation
Once developed the project would divert the majority of current CSO discharges via the CSO shaft and connection tunnel to the main tunnel for treatment at Beckton Sewage Treatment Works. The number of CSO discharges would be reduced from 26 spill events a year to approximately once a year at an average rate of 500m3 per year.
Permanent structures
3.2.2 A plan of the permanent structures is appended Vol 11 Figure 3.1.4.The area of operational land required by the project is less than that required for the construction phase. The land which is not required for operational purposes would be returned to its previous use following completion of construction (see Section 3.5 Base case). Once constructed and operational there would remain on site the structures listed in the following sections. The design and finishing proposed for the above ground features would be further developed during the period up to the application. Shaft 3.2.5 The CSO drop shaft would have an internal diameter of 12m. The shaft would be approximately 24m deep. The Dormay Street CSO shaft would be constructed on the line of the proposed Frogmore Connection Tunnel that would run from King Georges Park to Carnwath Road Riverside, a full description of this tunnel is provided in Volume 2. The shaft would be finished to approximately existing ground level. There would be covers on top of the shaft to allow access and inspection. Interception chambers and culverts 3.2.8 The interception chamber, connection culvert, and valve chamber would be below ground. There would be covers on top of the chambers to allow access and inspection. Tunnel 3.2.9 The Frogmore Connection Tunnel would be driven from this site in two directions; to the Carnwath Road Riverside site in the north and the King Georges Park site in the south.
3.2.3 3.2.4
3.2.6 3.2.7
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Ventilation structures 3.2.10
The passive filter structure would be below ground and would discharge through an above ground ventilation structure approximately 2m by 2m and 4m high integral with the electrical housing. The interception chamber would be vented via a 6m high vent column. Electrical kiosk An electrical kiosk (control cabinet) of approximately 2m by 6m, and 3m high, would be positioned between the valve chamber and the Bell Lane Creek river wall. Paved areas Following completion of construction, the existing LB of Wandsworth Depot would be enlarged to include the part of the Dormay Street site to the south of Bell Lane Creek and the former Keltbray site. The permanent works would therefore be located inside the enlarged council depot but Thames Water would retain a right of access for operations and maintenance purposes. The area around the shaft, interception chamber and valve chamber would be finished with hardstanding to allow crane access to the shaft and chamber access covers. Access and maintenance works Access to the site would be via Dormay Street. The site would be turned over to vehicle parking for the LB of Wandsworth upon completion of construction. The electrical kiosk and valve chamber would be located within a bollarded area for protection and to allow unrestricted access. Access to the shaft covers, which may have vehicles parked over them, would be undertaken in agreement with the council. Access would be required for a light commercial vehicle on a three to six monthly maintenance schedule. This would be carried out during normal working hours and would take approximately half a day. There would be no aerial lighting. Additionally once every ten years, more significant maintenance work would be carried out. This would be carried out in normal working hours. Two cranes would be required for these visits. Access for unplanned maintenance or repairs would also be required. No maintenance access to the Causeway Island would be required during the operational phase.
3.2.11 3.2.12
3.2.13
3.2.14
3.2.15
3.2.16
3.2.17
3.2.18 3.2.19
3.3
3.3.1
Construction
Construction of the main works at this site is scheduled to commence in early 2017 (Year 1) and be completed by 2019, taking approximately three years. Early works, such as utility connections and diversions may be undertaken in advance of the main works. The site would be operational in 2023. Further detail of the programme is described below.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street 3.3.2
The construction works at this site would encompass two areas separated by Bell Lane Creek: a. the site is the southern section of the site where the CSO would be intercepted and flow would be diverted along a connection culvert to the drop shaft. This area would include part of an existing LB of Wandsworth operations depot, the northern end of Dormay Street and the former Keltbray contractors depot which is now owned by Thames Water. b. the Causeway Island site is the northern section of the site and would be used as a temporary working and storage area, ie, no permanent works would be located on this site.
3.3.3 3.3.4
Vol 11 Figure 3.1.1 to Vol 11 Figure 3.1.3 show the demolition and site clearance and construction phasing to be undertaken at the site. The following sections describe: a. Processes to be applied during construction via a Code of Construction Practice b. Construction works including early works and the construction of the shaft, tunnel and CSO interception and the process c. Access and movement d. Construction programme and working hours
Code of Construction Practice

3.3.5 3.3.6 All works would be undertaken in accordance with the Thames Tunnel Code of Construction Practice (a draft is appended to Volume 2). The Code sets out a series of measures to protect the environment and limit disturbance from construction activities as far as reasonably practicable. These measures would be applied throughout the construction at this site.
3.3.7
Construction works
3.3.8 The following physical construction works are described (see Vol 11 Figure 3.1.2 and Vol 11 Figure 3.1.3): a. Site setup b. Shaft construction c. Tunnelling d. Construction of other structures e. Reinstatement and commissioning Site setup 3.3.9 Prior to any works commencing the site boundary would be established and secured. The existing boundary walls would be assessed and if adequate would be used as the boundary in lieu of hoarding.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street 3.3.10 3.3.11 3.3.12
Access gates would be established to provide access from Dormay Street via a reconfigured entrance. Demolition of buildings within the ex-Keltbray site would be undertaken and the trees cleared from Causeway Island. The existing Causeway crossing over Bell Lane Creek has a 10t limit and has a restricted width. To minimise the impact on the Causeway by site vehicles moving between the two parts of the site, a temporary Bailey type bridge (a portable component panel bridge) would be built to the west of the Causeway. A number of piles may be required in Bell Lane Creek to optimise the span. Foundations for the bridge would also be required adjacent to the existing river wall. A crane would be required to install the temporary bridge. The existing condition of the river wall is unknown and strengthening works may be required to accommodate both the temporary loading conditions and the permanent works. As an alternative to the Bailey bridge a contractor may propose to erect a tower crane to service the site. This would enable materials to be lifted between the two parts of the site. If this alternative is proposed a suitable crash deck would need to be provided and robust lifting operations procedures instigated. The existing Electrical Substation on the site would be retained. The Causeway Island site would be set up to provide office and welfare facilities. Water and power would be mains connected if available. If not available power would be supplied by a silent running generator. Water would be stored in a tank and pumped on demand and resupplied as required. Plant and material storage areas for shaft and tunnel connection works, waste skips, muck bin and delivery vehicle turning area would also be established on site. A compressor, air receiver, two material silos and static concrete pump would also be required on site. Shaft construction The shaft would be constructed by sheet piles and Sprayed Concrete Lining (SCL). A piling rig would drive sheet piles through the over lying soft ground into the underlying clay to cut off any potential ground water ingress. There is anticipated to be a number of existing buried structures and foundations in the area of the shaft and connection culvert. These would be predrilled to enable the installation of the sheet piling. The shaft would be excavated in 1m incremental cycles. After 1m has been excavated the primary SCL would be constructed. The SLC would be formed by pumping concrete through a nozzle, where compressed air and accelerator would be added, and applied to the vertical face of the shaft excavation.
3.3.13
3.3.14
3.3.15 3.3.16
3.3.17
3.3.18
3.3.19
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The process of excavating and spraying would be repeated until the shaft reaches the required depth. A concrete secondary lining would be constructed within the shaft. Two steel bar reinforced portals would be incorporated within the shaft lining to accommodate construction of the connecting tunnel. A steel reinforced concrete base plug would be formed at the base of the shaft. The reinforcement would be lowered to the shaft base by crane and assembled into the required rebar cage. Concrete would be delivered to site in ready mix concrete mixer trucks and discharged into a truck mounted concrete pump and pumped to the base plug. Tunnelling A 2.6m internal diameter tunnel would be constructed to connect the Dormay Street and King Georges Park sites to the main Thames Tunnel. The tunnel would consist of a precast concrete segmental primary lining and an in situ concrete secondary lining. The tunnel length to King Georges Park would be approximately 510m and the tunnel length to Carnwath Road Riverside would be approximately 610m. The connection tunnel would initially be driven from Dormay Street to King Georges Park and the boring machine lifted out at this shaft. The tunnel would then be driven from Dormay Street to Carnwath Road Riverside where the tunnel machine would be removed from the shaft. Due to varying tunnelling requirements different types of tunnel boring machine may be used for each drive. The connection tunnel would have a 250mm thick secondary cast in situ reinforced concrete lining. Construction of other structures An interception chamber, valve chamber and connection culvert would be constructed to intercept the existing sewer in the depot. The interception chamber would be built over the existing sewer. Prior to works commencing the sewer would internally lined. Driven sheet piles would be used to provide ground support to the chamber excavation. Localised submersible pumps within the excavation would be utilised to manage ground water ingress. The base slab and walls of the interception chamber would be formed by in situ concrete techniques. The temporary sheet pile support wall would be extended to the shaft to allow the valve chamber and connection culvert to be constructed in a similar manner to the interception chamber. The connection culvert might be constructed with precast concrete box sections as an alternative to in situ reinforced concrete. The excavation would be back filled with granular material and compacted in suitable sized layers to design level.
3.3.21 3.3.22
3.3.23
3.3.24
3.3.25
3.3.26 3.3.27 3.3.28
3.3.29 3.3.30
3.3.31
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Reinstatement and commissioning 3.3.32
Once the main elements of construction are completed, the final landscaping works would be undertaken including final treatments and surfaces and installation of street furniture. Testing and commissioning would also be undertaken once construction is complete. For the purposes of this report, completion of the commissioning stage represents the end of construction and the commencement of the operational development.
3.3.33
Access and movement

3.3.34 3.3.35 For the purposes of this report one vehicle movement is defined as a vehicle either accessing or egressing the site. The highest lorry movements at the site would occur during tunnelling when excavated material would be removed from the site by road. The peak daily vehicle movements at this time, averaged over a one month period, would be 40 movements per day. Temporary access and egress to the southern part of the site would be via Dormay Street. A temporary priority working system may need to be installed to allow construction vehicles to safely pass each other as the street narrows and would not permit two way traffic. Heavy vehicle access to the Causeway Island part of the site would be via a temporary bridge structure spanning the Bell Lane Creek. Access to Causeway Island would also be available for light vehicles (<10t) via The Causeway. It is proposed that construction lorries would take the route of minimum impact to the TLRN. It is therefore proposed that the site will be accessed from Armoury Way (A3) which accommodates east/westbound traffic. A traffic management plan for the site would be prepared.
3.3.36 3.3.37 3.3.38
3.3.39
Construction programme and working hours

Construction programme 3.3.40 Construction at Dormay Street is anticipated to take approximately three years and would involve the following steps (with some overlaps): a. Year 1 Site setup (approximately 5 months) b. Year 1 - Shaft construction (approximately 6 months) c. Years 1 to 2 - Tunnelling (approximately 10 months) d. Years 2 to 3 Construction of other structures (approximately 9 months) e. Year 3 Completion of works and site restoration (approximately 8 months) f. 3.3.41 System-wide commissioning would take place following site restoration and is not included in the above programme.
Construction activity at Dormay Street would peak during tunnelling.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Working hours 3.3.42
The following working hours set out in Vol 11 Table 3.3.1 would apply for the construction at this site. Vol 11 Table 3.3.1 Standard working hours Overall construction works Standard working hours Consist of: Core working hours Extended standard working hours core working hours mobilisation period maintenance and support period.
08:00 to 18:00 Weekdays 08:00 to 13:00 Saturdays These are intermittent and are required to cover certain construction activities that require more than the Standard Working Hours to be completed. 18.00 to 22.00 Weekdays 13.00 to 17.00 Saturdays
Mobilisation period
Up to 1 hour before and after the core working hours 07:00 to 08:00 and 18:00 to 19:00 Weekdays 07:00 to 08:00 and 13:00 to 14:00 Saturday
Maintenance and support period
13:00 to 17:00 Saturdays 10:00 to 16:00 Sundays
Long connection tunnel excavation Continuous working 24 Hour working. Monday to Sunday.
Tunnel secondary linings Continuous working 24 hour working. Monday to Sunday
3.4
3.4.1
Design development and on-site alternatives

The design presented here was completed in advance of the completion of all surveys, technical studies. The final design may alter significantly in response to this as well as feedback from phase two consultation. The design of the proposals has developed following the Design Council CABE reviews and the drop-in sessions, as described in the table below.
3.4.2
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Vol 11 Table 3.4.1 Design development at Dormay Street Design development Improvement works to river wall. Reason Heavy construction work would take place adjacent to the existing river wall to Bell Lane Creek which is already suspected to be structurally weak in places. This may require work in the creek to strengthen the wall before construction work commences, in agreement with the Environment Agency.
Reduced height of ventilation Modified scheme-wide air columns from approximately 10m to management proposals and stack 6m and 4m high. height consistent with all CSO only interception sites. Permanent shaft, electrical and control kiosk and ventilation column located at the northern end of Dormay Street. To avoid conflict with the operational sites of London Borough of Wandsworth Dormay Street depot and adjacent land east of Dormay Street.
3.4.3
Information on how the design has evolved at this site is included in the Design Development Report, which is also available as part of phase two consultation. Design development information, and the reasons for the choice of the final design at this site, including environmental design factors, will also be provided in the ES.
3.4.4
3.5
3.5.1
Base case
The assessment undertaken for this site takes account of relevant development projects which have been submitted or with extant planning permission. Because of the other developments the future environmental conditions within and around this site irrespective of the Thames Tunnel are likely to change. This is termed the base case. The Lee Tunnel and the Thames Tideway Quality Improvement (TTQI) projects (improvement works at Mogden, Beckton, Crossness, Long Reach and Riverside Sewage Treatment Works) will be operational by the time construction of the Thames Tunnel commences. The base case would therefore be the water quality in the Thames Tideway with the TTQI projects and the Lee Tunnel in place. As a result, by 2021 discharge from the CSO at the site will be 18,100m3 with 27 spills. The projected spill volumes and spill frequencies for the baseline conditions for the Thames Tunnel (which is with the improvements applied to the STWs, and the Lee Tunnel in place) would still not be a sufficient
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
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level of CSO control to meet the UWWTD (see also Volume 2, Section 2.6). 3.5.5 In addition to the above sewage infrastructure upgrades, the base case assumes the demolition of buildings on the Keltbray site in 2012 by the LB of Wandsworth (ie, the industrial buildings within the Thames Tunnel site to the east of Dormay Street and south of Bell Lane Creek). It also assumes that in 2012 the existing Wandsworth council depot located in west would extend to the east into the Keltbray site (ie, the Thames Tunnel site) and an area to south of the Keltbray site. The assessment assumes that ahead of the Thames Tunnel Construction at this site the Council would temporarily vacate the part of the Thames Tunnel construction site to the south of Bell Lane Creek (ie, the former Keltbray site), but continue to use the southern area between Bell Lane Creek and The Causeway for storing vehicles. It also assumes the Council would resume use of the northern part of site for vehicle storage after Thames Tunnel construction is complete.
3.5.6
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Section 4: Air quality and odour
4
4.1
4.1.1 4.1.2
Air quality and odour

Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant air quality and odour effects at the Dormay Street site. The proposed development has the potential to affect the air quality and odour due to: a. b. c. d. e. Construction traffic on the road (air quality). Temporary closure of lanes during construction (air quality). Emissions from construction plant (air quality). Construction-generated dust (air quality). Operation of the tunnel (odour).
4.1.3
Each of these is considered within the assessment. This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment, and sets out what will be provided in the ES when the full assessment is available. Operational air quality effects from transport have been scoped out of the assessment due to the very limited number of maintenance visits required and hence the low number of vehicular movements.
4.1.4
4.2
4.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to air quality and odour are as follows.
Construction
Road traffic 4.2.2 4.2.3 During the proposed construction period there would be road traffic movements in and out of the site. The highest number of lorry movements to/from the Dormay Street site would occur during Year 2 of construction. The peak number of vehicle movements at that time would be 40 movements per day averaged over a one month period. These traffic effects are based on all materials being transported by road. The construction traffic routes for the key material supply stages, traffic management and access to the site can be found in the Section 12 of this volume. River barges 4.2.5 It is assumed for the purposes of this assessment that all materials would be transported by road. Construction plant 4.2.6 There are a number of items of plant to be used on site that may produce emissions that could affect local air quality.
4.2.4
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Construction dust 4.2.7
Activities with the potential to give rise to dust emissions from the proposed development during construction are as follows: a. Site preparation and establishment. b. Demolition of existing infrastructure and buildings. c. Materials handling.
4.2.8
The potential for these processes to impact at sensitive receptors is dependent on many factors including the following: a. Location of the construction site. b. Proximity of sensitive receptors. c. Extent of demolition. d. Extent of any intended excavation. e. Nature, location and size of stockpiles and length of time they are on site. f. Occurrence and scale of dust generating activities; necessity for onsite concrete crusher or cement batcher.
g. Number and type of vehicles and plant required on site. h. Potential for dirt or mud to be made airborne through vehicle movements. i. 4.2.9 Weather conditions. Appropriate dust and emission control measures are included in the draft CoCP in accordance with the London Councils Best Practice Guidance 1. Measures incorporated into the CoCP to reduce air quality impacts include measures in relation to vehicle and plant emissions, measures to reduce dust formation and resuspension, measures to control dust present and to reduce particulate emissions. These would be observed across all phases of demolition and construction.
Operation
4.2.10 At the Dormay Street site a passive odour control carbon filter is to be housed within an underground chamber. Treated air from the passive filter would be released via a 4m high ventilation column which is incorporated as part of the electrical control housing. The passive filter is sized to treat up to 0.5m3/s of air. The maximum air release rate during a typical year is expected to be less than 0.1m3/s so is well within the capacity of the passive filter. Air would be released from the ventilation column for four hours in a typical year, all of which would have passed through the passive filter. For the remaining hours, no air would be released. This information on the ventilation structure provided input data to the dispersion model used to assess odour dispersion at the site.
4.2.11
4.2.12
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4.3
4.3.1
Assessment methodology Scoping and engagement

Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. All consultee comments relevant to this site are presented in the table below. Vol 11 Table 4.3.1 Air quality and odour stakeholder engagement Organisation LB Wandsworth Comment Monitoring locations Response Locations agreed with Environmental Health Officer. No odour complaints around Dormay Street (confirmed by Env Team Leader (Environmental Initiatives)).
Odour complaints
Baseline
4.3.2 The baseline methodology follows the standard methodology described in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.
Construction
4.3.3 The construction phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology described in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.
Operation
4.3.4 The operational phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology described in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.
Assumptions and limitations

4.3.5 It has been assumed that background odour concentrations are negligible in the future base case as very few complaints have been recorded in recent years. This assumption will be supported by baseline hydrogen sulphide monitoring currently being undertaken at all sites (in August 2011 with repeat monitoring to be undertaken in Autumn 2011).
4.4
Baseline conditions Local air quality

Pollutant concentrations
4.4.1 4.4.2
The current conditions with regard to local air quality are best established through long-term air quality monitoring. As part of their duties under Part IV of the Environment Act 1995, local authorities, especially in urban areas where air quality is a significant
Page 16
issue, undertake long-term air quality monitoring within their administrative areas. 4.4.3 There is one continuous monitoring station and three diffusion tubes which collect data pertinent to the Dormay Street site and associated construction traffic routes. All are operated by LB Wandsworth. NO2 monitoring data for these sites are contained in Vol 11 Table 4.4.1. There are no monitoring stations measuring PM10 concentrations in the vicinity of the Dormay Street site. Vol 11 Table 4.4.1 Air Quality - measured NO2 concentrations
Monitoring Site Site Type Annual Mean (g/m3) 2010* Continuous Monitoring Sites Town Hall (WA2) Urban Background 53 48 48 53 3 4 1 4 2009 2008 2007 Number of Exceedences of Hourly Standard 2010* * 2009 2008 2007
4.4.4
Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites Town Hall (WA2) South Thames College (W11) Wandsworth Plain (W12/W13) Roadside 44 44 NM NM NM
Roadside
NM
44
NM
48
NM
Roadside
63
69
73
73
NM
* 2010 data not fully ratified. NM indicates not measured. Emboldened figures indicate an exceedence of the objective / limit value which is 3 3 40g/m for the annual mean and 200g/m for the hourly mean which can be exceeded 18 times per year.
4.4.5
The NO2 monitoring shows exceedences of the annual mean NO2 standard (40g/m3) at all sites in the last four years, including at the urban background site. The number of exceedences of the hourly standard at Town Hall indicates that the hourly objective has however been achieved over recent years. As a result of previous exceedences of air quality objectives, LB Wandsworth has declared the whole Borough an AQMA for NO2 and PM10. In addition to the local authority monitoring, diffusion tube monitoring has been set up as part of the project to monitor NO2 concentrations in the vicinity of the Dormay Street site. This monitoring comprises five diffusion tubes based at the locations detailed in Vol 11 Table 4.4.2. A triplicate site has been established next to a continuous monitoring station in Putney for bias adjustment purposes; otherwise all the monitoring locations have
4.4.6
4.4.7
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single tubes. All identified existing and new sites relating to the Dormay Street site (as well as other sites where they are in close proximity) are shown in Vol 11 Figure 4.4.1. Vol 11 Figure 4.4.1 Air quality monitoring locations (see Volume 11 Figures document) Vol 11 Table 4.4.2 Air quality - additional monitoring locations Monitoring Site Wandsworth 1 Wandsworth 6 Wandsworth 7 Wandsworth 9 Wandsworth 8 4.4.8 Grid Reference 525292, 174710 525412, 174795 525511, 174749 525466, 174880 525803, 174872
This monitoring will be used in conjunction with existing local authority monitoring to provide the baseline situation and also provide input to model verification. A full baseline will be reported in the ES. In addition to monitoring data, an indication of baseline pollutant concentrations in the vicinity of the site can also be obtained from looking at background data on the air quality section of the Defra website where mapped background pollutant concentrations are available for each 1km by 1km grid square within every local authoritys administrative area for the years 2008 to 2020 2. The background data relating to the Dormay Street site are given in the table below for 2010 (baseline year). Vol 11 Table 4.4.3 Air quality background pollutant concentrations Pollutant NOX (g/m3) NO2 (g/m3) PM10 (g/m )
* 3
4.4.9
2010 46.3 29.1 21.0
Annual mean for 1km grid square centred on 525500, 174500
Receptors 4.4.10 The Dormay Street site is located in a mixed use area comprising residential and commercial properties, as well as industrial premises. The closest residential receptors are located to the south of the site fronting on to Armoury Way in an area between Dormay Street and Frogmore 75m from the site boundary. More residential properties (London Court, Windsor Court and Brewers House) are located to the south-west of the site in Frogmore 85m from the site boundary. Commercial and industrial premises are located to south of the site immediately adjacent to the site boundary and to the west of the site 20m from the site boundary. All these receptors are relevant, albeit to different levels of sensitivity, to the emissions sources identified in the local air quality assessment. The
4.4.11
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sensitivity of identified receptors has been determined using the criteria detailed in Volume 5 this identifies their sensitivity in relation to both local air quality and dust nuisance, as shown in the table below. These receptors are relevant to the assessment of emissions from construction road traffic and construction plant, as well as the assessment of construction dust. Vol 11 Table 4.4.4 Air quality receptors - construction Receptors (relating to all identified emissions sources) Residential properties Value/sensitivity
Exposure relevant to annual mean and daily mean standards. Directly affected by construction traffic. High sensitivity to local air quality. Medium sensitivity to dust nuisance. Low sensitivity to local air quality. Medium sensitivity to dust nuisance. Low sensitivity to local air quality. Low sensitivity to dust nuisance.
Commercial Industrial
Odour
4.4.12 The LB Wandsworth has not received any odour complaints in the Dormay Street area in recent years 3. Complaints in the Thames Water database have been reviewed within an area of 500m radius from the site. Only three complaints were identified since 2005, one relating to odour from the general sewerage system in 2010 and the other two in 2011, relating to the Swandon Way and Sheepcote Lane Pumping Stations. The nearest sensitive receptors are described in para. 4.4.10 above. For the purposes of the odour assessment, the sensitivity of these receptors has been determined in accordance with the criteria in Volume 5 which indicates that the residential properties are of high sensitivity while the commercial and industrial premises are of medium sensitivity.
4.4.13
4.5
4.5.1
Construction assessment Construction base and development cases

The peak construction year (Year 2 of construction) is used as the year of assessment for construction effects (road transport, construction plant and construction dust) in which the development case will be assessed against the base case to identify likely significant effects for the Thames Tunnel project. The base case conditions for the construction assessment year will change from the current conditions due to modifications to the sources of the air pollution in the intervening period.
4.5.2
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For road vehicles, there will be a change in the penetration of new Euro standards to the fleet composition between the current situation and the future peak construction year. The uptake of newer vehicles with improved emission controls should lead to a reduction in existing NO2 and PM10 concentrations. However, the uptake of newer vehicles has not improved NO2 concentrations greatly in the last ten years in London, so as a worst case the NOx contribution from diesel vehicles was assumed to be the same for Euro 1 to 5 vehicles in line with Defra advice 4. Reduced emission factors from the introduction of Euro 6 diesel vehicles in the future will reduce the base case concentrations when compared to the 2010 baseline. Other emissions sources should also reduce due to local and national policies. Therefore, the non-road sources of the background concentrations used in the modelling will be reduced in line with Defra guidance LAQM.TG(09) 5.
4.5.4
Assessment area
4.5.5 The assessment area for the local air quality study covers a square area of 600m by 600m centred on the Dormay Street site. This assessment area is used for the assessment of road transport, construction plant and construction dust and has been selected on the basis of professional judgement to ensure that the effects of the Dormay Street site are fully assessed. A distance of 200m is generally considered sufficient to ensure that any significant effects are considered the selected assessment area exceeds this by some margin.
Construction effects
Emissions from road traffic 4.5.6 Road traffic is likely to affect local air quality in two ways: from emissions from the construction traffic; and from enhanced emissions from other road vehicles due to congestion or re-routing due to lane closures. A qualitative assessment of road traffic effects has been undertaken. When traffic surveys are complete, a more detailed quantitative assessment using air quality modelling will be undertaken, the findings of which will be reported in the ES. Based on professional judgement for the purposes of this assessment, it is however predicted that the impacts due to construction traffic are expected to be small (ie, small magnitude of change according to the criteria detailed in Volume 5) due to the low number of additional lorries during construction. Given that the residential properties have a high sensitivity to local air quality (as identified in Section 4.4), the likely significance of the effect of construction traffic is a minor adverse effect (according to the criteria detailed in Volume 5). At the commercial and industrial premises, which have a low sensitivity to local air quality, the significance of effect would be negligible.
4.5.7
4.5.8
4.5.9
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Emissions from plant 4.5.10
Construction plant is likely to affect local air quality in two ways: from direct exhaust emissions; and from construction dust associated with the use and movement of the plant around the site. This part of the assessment considers exhaust emissions while construction dust from plant movement is considered in the following section. Emission factors are being assigned to each item of plant. More data are being gathered regarding the operation of these items of plant in terms of expected usage through the construction phase. A qualitative assessment has been undertaken. Modelling is currently being undertaken, the findings of which will be reported in the ES. Based on professional judgement for the purposes of the assessment, it is noted that the impacts due to construction plant are expected to be small (ie, small magnitude of change according to the criteria detailed in Volume 5), given the localised nature of the emissions. Compared to the traffic flows in the surrounding area, the amount of plant and their emissions are likely to have a negligible impact. At the residential properties which have a high sensitivity to local air quality (as identified in Section 4.4), the likely significance of the effect of construction traffic is a minor adverse effect (according to the criteria detailed in Volume 5). At the commercial and industrial premises, which have a low sensitivity to local air quality, the significance of effect would be negligible. Construction dust Construction dust would be generated from both on-site activities and from road vehicles assessing and servicing the site. Dust sensitive receptors have been identified in the vicinity of the Dormay Street site in accordance with Volume 5, as described in Vol 11 Table 4.4.4. In line with the London Councils guidance 6, the site has been categorised using the criteria given in Volume 5 which takes into account the area taken up by the development and the potential impact of the development on sensitive receptors close to the development. The specific site details relating to the site with respect to the criteria set are: a. Site would have a maximum construction area of approximately 5,000m2. b. The project is a non-residential development. c. Main construction at the site would last approximately three years. d. There are likely intermittent impacts on identified sensitive receptors.
4.5.11
4.5.12 4.5.13
4.5.14
4.5.15 4.5.16
4.5.17
4.5.18
4.5.19
On this basis, the development has been classified as a medium risk site. Given that the receptor sensitivity is identified as medium for residential properties and the distance to residential properties are above 10m, the likely significance of the effect of construction dust is deemed to be a
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minor adverse effect (according to the criteria detailed in Volume 5). The closest commercial and industrial premises are within 10m of the site boundary. The effect of construction dust for commercial properties (medium sensitivity) is identified as moderate adverse, and for industrial premises (low sensitivity) is minor adverse. 4.5.20 These effects would be reduced by the implementation of the measures contained in the CoCP (see Section 4.2). This would result in a minor adverse effect at commercial properties within 10m of the site and negligible effects at residential properties and industrial premises. Overall construction effects 4.5.21 When considering the overall local air quality construction effects (ie, effects from construction road traffic and plant), it is concluded that the overall significance of effects is likely to be minor adverse at residential properties, and negligible at commercial and industrial premises. With regard to construction dust, the likely significance of effects is negligible at residential properties and industrial premises. The likely significance of effects is minor adverse at the commercial buildings within 10m of the site boundary. On this basis no significant construction effects are predicted.
4.5.22
4.5.23
4.6
4.6.1 4.6.2
Operational assessment Operational base and development cases

The assessment undertaken for a typical use year (as described in Volume 5) applies equally to all operational years. Base and development cases have been developed for modelling purposes. Base case conditions are assumed to be the same as baseline conditions as no change in background odour concentrations is anticipated.
Operational assessment area

4.6.3 Odour dispersion modelling was carried out over an area of 280m by 240m. The assessment area was selected on the basis of it being considered the potential maximum extent of the impact area.
Operational effects
4.6.4 Vol 11 Table 4.6.1 shows the predicted maximum ground level odour concentrations at the Dormay Street site. These are the highest concentrations that could occur at the worst affected ground level receptor at or near the site. In accordance with the odour criterion set up by the Environment Agency and in the draft NPS 7, results are presented for the 98th percentile of hourly average concentrations in the year (or the 176th highest concentration in the year), and the number of hours in a year with concentrations above 1.5ouE/m3. The number of hours with concentrations above 1.5ouE/m3 gives an indication of the number of hours in a year that an odour might be detectable at the worst affected receptor. The table also identifies the magnitude of the identified impacts in
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accordance with the criteria detailed in Volume 5. Vol 11 Table 4.6.2 gives similar results for the predicted impacts at the worst affected buildings, where concentrations at ground level and at height have been considered. Vol 11 Table 4.6.1 Odour impacts at ground level - operation Year Typical Maximum at ground level locations 98th percentile 0 (ouE/m3) No. of hours > 0 1.5ouE/m3 Impact magnitude and justification Negligible 98th percentile concentration is less than 1ouE/m3
Vol 11 Table 4.6.2 Odour impacts at buildings -operation Year Typical Maximum at buildings 98th percentile (ouE/m3) No. of hours > 1.5ouE/m3 0 0 Impact magnitude and justification Negligible 98th percentile concentration is less than 1ouE/m3
4.6.5
In both Vol 11 Table 4.6.1 and Vol 11 Table 4.6.2, the 98th percentile is shown as zero as the number of hours with air released from the vent would be less than 176 and therefore the 98th percentile concentration would be zero at all locations, thus achieving the odour criterion at all locations. This represents an impact of negligible magnitude. Odour would not be detectable at any location including at buildings. With regard to the significance of effects at ground level and building locations, given that the predicted odour concentrations at all locations and at buildings do not exceed the 98th percentile criterion of 1.5ouE/m3, it is considered that an overall significance effects would be negligible in relation to the Dormay Street site. No significant effects are therefore predicted in relation to odour.
4.6.6 4.6.7
4.7
4.7.1
Approach to mitigation Construction

All measures embedded in the draft CoCP of relevance to air quality and odour are summarised in Section 4.2. No mitigation is required.
Operation
4.7.2 No mitigation is required.
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4.8
Vol 11 Table 4.8.1 Air quality construction assessment Effect Minor adverse Negligible Negligible Minor adverse Negligible Negligible None required None required None required None required None required None required Significance Mitigation Residual significance Minor adverse Negligible Negligible Minor adverse Negligible Negligible
Assessment summary
Receptor
Residential properties
Local air quality effects from construction road traffic and plant emissions
Effects from construction dust
Commercial premises
Industrial premises
Vol 11 Table 4.8.2 Odour operational assessment Effect Odour Odour Odour Negligible Negligible Negligible Significance Mitigation None required None required None required Residual significance Negligible Negligible Negligible
Receptor
Residential properties
Commercial premises
Industrial premises
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4.9
4.9.1
Assessment completion
The following work is required in order to complete the local air quality and odour assessment for the Dormay Street site: a. Diffusion tube monitoring has been set up at five sites to monitor NO2 concentrations in the vicinity of the Dormay Street site. This monitoring will be used to provide a baseline to the assessment and as an input for model verification. b. For the assessment of road traffic emissions, air quality modelling will be undertaken to predict the effects on local air quality. c. The nature, quantities and operation of the construction plant are being finalised. The appropriate emission factors will then be applied to the plant in order to initialise the modelling work. These models will then be run and the effects of construction plant on local air quality predicted.
d. The assessment of cumulative and in combination effects will be undertaken and reported in the ES. e. Following completion of the assessment the mitigation approaches for air quality and odour within the project will be finalised and reported in the ES.
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Section 5: Ecology - aquatic
5
5.1
5.1.1
Ecology - aquatic
Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant aquatic ecology effects at the Dormay Street site. For the purposes of the assessment of the Thames Tunnel scheme aquatic ecology includes plants and animals that live in and depend on the tidal River Thames and its tidal tributaries (known collectively as the Thames Tideway). The topic includes the habitats, mammals, fish, invertebrates and algae which occur in the Thames Tideway in the vicinity of the site. Animals, plants and habitats which occur above the mean high water level are assessed in Terrestrial ecology (Section 6). Waterfowl, including those which occur on the Thames Tideway are also included under Terrestrial Ecology. Further details of the scope of the assessment are provided in Volume 5.
5.1.2
5.2
5.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to aquatic ecology are as follows. Construction The site is split between two parcels of land; one on either side of Bell Lane Creek. For the purposes of this assessment, it is assumed that there would be a Bailey type bridge across the Creek in order to provide access between the two sites. While there is an existing causeway crossing the Creek it has a 10t limit and a very restricted width. As stated in para. 3.3.12, an alternative to the Bailey type bridge which may be proposed by a contractor would be a tower crane to service the site. A number of piles may be required in Bell Lane Creek to optimise the span. For the purposes of this assessment it is assumed that these would be constructed with a mini piling rig from a temporary steel/scaffold platform in the creek. Foundations for the bridge would also be required on land, behind the existing river wall. A crane would be required to install the temporary bridge. The Bailey type bridge would be present from Year 1 of construction to Year 3. The existing condition of the river wall is unknown and strengthening works may be required to accommodate temporary loading conditions. Additional support beams and ground anchors may be required to support the wall, although other options may be explored. If they were required, they would probably be constructed using a small drilling rig from a temporary steel/scaffold platform in the creek. Measures incorporated into the draft CoCP to reduce aquatic ecology impacts include the following elements which are considered to be an integral part of the environmental design of the project for the purposes of this assessment:
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
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a. Avoiding piling at night, to ensure free windows of opportunity to allow fish to migrate passed the site within each 24-hour period; b. Undertaking in river cofferdam/piling works at or around low tide where possible to avoid transmission of noise and vibration through the water column; c. Utilising low noise/vibration cofferdam or pile/pier installation techniques such as pressing or vibro-piling rather than impact/percussive piling. Where vibro-piling is used, slowly increasing the power of the driving over a 5 minute period would enable those fish that are able to swim away to leave the area before the full power of the pile driver is felt through the river;
d. Where predictions indicate that best practice limits would not be achievable, confining as much of the underwater noise generating activities as possible to outside peak fish migration periods should be considered; e. Limiting allowable increases in noise and vibration levels at the midpoint of the navigable channel to leave part of the river cross-section passable by fish at all times; f. Appropriate measures will be taken to prevent the spread of nonnative invasive species in accordance with current good practice; and
g. Avoidance of pollution of the river. EA approval would be required for works which would be likely to affect any surface or groundwater resource. Discharge to watercourses would only be permitted where discharge consent or other relevant approval has been obtained. Measures to avoid pollution measures would accord with the principles set out in industry guidelines including as the EAs note PPG05: Works in near or liable to affect water courses and CIRIAs report C532: Control of water pollution from construction sites. Operation 5.2.6 The elements of the operation of the proposed development of relevance to aquatic ecology are listed below: a. The Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO currently discharges into the Bell Lane Creek. The sewer would be intercepted as part of the proposed development. Based on the base case (which includes permitted Thames Tideway sewage treatment works upgrades, and the Lee Tunnel scheme, as well as projected population increases) discharges from this CSO are anticipated to be 18,100m3 per annum over a total of 27 discharge events (or spills) by 2021. The discharge is projected to reduce to 500m3 per annum and a single spill once the Thames Tideway scheme, including the Thames Tunnel, is operational1. Further information about projected changes in discharge as a result of the project is presented in Volume 2.
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5.3
5.3.1

Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. The Scoping Report was prepared before the Dormay Street site was identified as a potential alternative site and therefore has not been the subject of a formal scoping exercise. The scope for aquatic ecology for this site has therefore drawn on the scoping response received from the LB of Wandsworth as well as those responses received for other sites of a similar nature or where similar activities are proposed, it has also drawn from informal comments received as part of the regular stakeholder meetings held during the course of the assessment, including a biodiversity working group on 22 March 2011 attended by Wandsworth, and from professional judgement. All consultee comments relating to the Bell Lane Creek relevant to aquatic ecology are presented in the table below. Vol 11 Table 5.3.1 Aquatic ecology Scoping Opinions Organisation Environment Agency Scoping Opinion item Response (With reference to Bell Lane Creek) There are opportunities within the project to improve habitat availability and quality through works on and near the River Wandle. Bell Lane Weir and nearby EDF Weir are both considerable barriers to fish movement, changes to one or both of these structures would allow fish to move from the Thames Tideway into the freshwater river upstream. We have a report advising on possible options for this area and would be happy to share this with Thames Water. There has been a dramatic decline in elver numbers in recent years and specific works at sites such as Bell Lane Options for habitat compensation schemes are currently being considered.
5.3.2
LB of Wandsworth
Potential presence of eels has been assumed and effects assessed accordingly
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Organisation
Section 5: Ecology - aquatic Scoping Opinion item Response Creek need to take account of the potential presence of this species. This is currently omitted. The Environment Agency fisheries staff can give more information if required.
Baseline
5.3.3 5.3.4 Details of the approach to baseline collection and the assessment are presented in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site. Details of the background data sets are provided in Volume 5. Habitats and invertebrates in Bell Lane Creek were surveyed during autumn 2010. Survey data was supplemented by Environment Agency background data for sites in the River Thames up and downstream of the Bell Lane Creek. Fish and invertebrate data are available for Battersea 1.8km downstream of the site. Existing algal data has been requested and will be assessed and reported in the ES.
5.3.5
Construction
5.3.6 The methodology for assessing construction effects is described in Volume 5. There are no deviations from the standard assessment methodology.
Operation
5.3.7 The methodology for assessing operational effects is described in Volume 5. There are no deviations from the standard assessment methodology.

5.3.8 The number of piles that may be needed to support the Bailey type bridge and the exact working area around them is not known at this point. It is assumed for the purposes of the assessment that removal of the Bailey type bridge would involve cutting the piles off at the surrounding foreshore level at the end of construction, rather than extraction of the foundations. It is assumed that excavated material from the shaft would be stored in the materials storage area, and would not be transported across the Bailey type bridge. An October 2010 survey for fish was attempted at Bell Lane Creek, but no fish were caught due to insufficient water depth for sampling. Due to the lack of depth of water, sub-tidal sampling for invertebrates at Bell Lane Creek was not possible. Further surveys have been undertaken in 2011 and will be reported in the ES.
5.3.9
5.3.10
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5.4
5.4.1
Baseline conditions Designations

There are no statutory nature conservation sites within the assessment area of this site. The CSO discharges directly into Bell Lane Creek which is assumed to be part of the River Thames and Tidal Tributaries Site of Metropolitan Importance. The River Thames and Tidal Tributaries Site of Metropolitan Importance (Site Reference: M31) is adopted by all Boroughs which border the River Thames. The designation, which is proposed by the Greater London Authority, recognises the range and quality of estuarine habitats including mud flat, shingle beach, reedbeds and the river channel itself. Over 120 species of fish have been recorded in the Tideway, though many of these are only occasional visitors. The more common species include dace (Leuciscus leuciscus), bream (Abramis brama) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) in the freshwater reaches, and sand-smelt (Atherina presbyter), flounder (Platichtyhys flesus) and Dover sole (Solea solea) in the estuarine reaches. Important migratory species include Twaite shad (Alosa fallax), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (S. trutta). A number of nationally rare snails occur, including the brackish water snail, Pseudamnicola confusa, and an important assemblage of wetland and wading birds. The Tidal Thames is also the subject of a Habitat Action Plan under the London Biodiversity Action Plan 8. The Habitat Action Plan identifies a number of flagship habitats and species which characterise the estuary, such as gravel foreshore, mudflat and saltmarsh. A number of these habitats and species, including mudflat, are also the subject of action plans under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. The lower River Wandle, which is separated from the Bell Lane Creek by a weir beneath the existing causeway, is designated as a Site of Borough Importance (Grade 1) (Site Reference: Wa BI 5).
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.4.4
Habitats
5.4.5 The Tidal Thames Habitat Action Plan (HAP) divides the river into the zones; freshwater, brackish and marine. Bell Lane Creek lies within the freshwater zone (see Volume 6, Figure 2.1.1). The Bell Lane Creek diverges approximately 500m upstream of the mouth of the River Wandle, and is separated from the main river by a weir structure, and rejoins at the confluence with the River Thames. The Creek is a muddy channel, with a muddy intertidal area exposed at low tide. The substrate is made up of pebbles, silt, cobbles and shingle. The relative composition of the substrate is presented in Vol 11 Table 5.4.1. The banks at the site are largely vertical, reinforced concrete walls, although there are a several small areas of marginal reedbed close to the mouth, which form part of a habitat creation and river restoration project. There is no marginal vegetation in the vicinity of the CSO. The vertical walls support a small amount of green algae. Surveys of wall vegetation communities are currently being scoped and will be reported in the ES.
5.4.6
5.4.7
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Following the survey methodology, a summary of habitat types present, and other features of interest are presented in the table below. Vol 11 Table 5.4.1 Aquatic ecology features of interest
Target habitats present and features of interest Gravel foreshore Silty, exposed areas Sublittoral sand and gravels River wall CSO outfall Road Bridges Substrate type (approximate cover) Pebbles (20%) Silt (55%) Cobbles (10%) Shingle (15%)
Mammals 5.4.9 Records compiled by the Zoological Society of London for 2003 2011 indicate that harbour porpoise, bottlenose dolphin and various seal species (grey and common) migrate through the ThamesTideway. No specific habitat of value for marine mammals is believed to occur within the vicinity of the site.
Fish
5.4.10 Fish surveys of Bell Lane Creek were undertaken during October 2010. The extent of the survey and location of trawl and seine net hauls are presented in Vol 11 Figure 5.4.1. Vol 11 Figure 5.4.1 Aquatic ecology habitats and sampling locations (see Volume 11 Figures document) 5.4.11 Full details of the methodology are presented in Volume 5. No fish were caught during seine netting or trawling. However, it is considered that this was the result of the channel being too shallow to sample adequately. As the mouth of the creek is considered to be an important spawning area for smelt, surveys have been repeated in 2011 and their data will inform the ES. The Environment Agency carry out annual surveys for fish within the Thames Tideway using a variety of methods including trawling and seine netting, with data available over 18 years from 1992 to 2010. The nearest sampling site to the Bell Lane Creek is Battersea, approximately 1.8km downstream. Fifteen fish species are recorded for Battersea. These show fairly steady catches from trawls but some indication of increasing seine-net catches in recent years (Vol 11 Figure 5.4.2). Catches are dominated by estuarine resident fish such as common goby, flounder and sand-smelt, freshwater species including dace, common bream, perch and roach, and migratory species including eel and smelt. Other migratory species such as salmon and sea trout must pass through the area but are too infrequent to be detected by only one or two surveys per year.
5.4.12
5.4.13
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Vol 11 Figure 5.4.2 Aquatic ecology - long-term EA total fish catches

Note: from Battersea site using three sampling methods (x-axis: year; y-axis: numbers of fish)
5.4.14
It is important to note, that Colclough et. al. (2002) 9 regard upstream Tideway sites, including the mouth of the River Wandle to be within the spawning zone for common smelt (a species listed under section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 & Priority UKBAP species). In general, Thames Tideway fish populations are mobile and wide ranging, and hence any analysis of population data needs to be based on an understanding of the ecological requirements and migratory habits of individual species. Although the abundance and diversity of fish at any one site may provide some indication of the habitat quality offered at that site it is important to consider the data within the context of sites throughout the Thames Tideway, since the factors influencing distribution are likely to be acting at this wider scale. Effects at this scale are assessed in Volume 6 (Project-wide effects assessment).
5.4.15
Invertebrates
5.4.16 5.4.17 5.4.18 5.4.19 A single day survey was undertaken at Dormay Street during October 2010. The area covered by the survey is illustrated in Vol 11 Figure 5.4.1. Full details of the methodology are presented in Volume 5. Samples were taken using kick sampling on the rising tide and thus data relate to intertidal areas only, with two samples taken. Benthic invertebrates are used in the freshwater, estuarine and marine environments as biological indicators of water and sediment quality since their abundance and distribution reflects natural or man-made fluctuations in environmental conditions. Species diversity is influenced by factors such as substrate and salinity, however high species diversity (or numbers of species) at any given site generally indicates good water and/or sediment quality, whilst low diversity may indicate poor quality.
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Whilst the abundance and diversity of invertebrate species at any one site provide a more accurate reflection of conditions at that site than site specific fish data, invertebrate populations and particularly those which occur in the water column (pelagic) are influenced by conditions throughout the estuary. The strongest influences on invertebrate distribution and density tend to be physical factors such as salinity, and substrate type followed by water quality and local habitat conditions. These factors are discussed below in relation to the site specific data. The Invertebrates collected during the October 2010 field surveys are presented in the table below. Vol 11 Table 5.4.2 Aquatic ecology invertebrate fauna CCI Score Taxa Potamopyrgus antipodarum Radix balthica Pisidium spp. Oligochaeta Erpobdella testacea Asellus aquaticus Gammarus zaddachi Tipulidae Number of Taxa Intertidal Samples Q SW1 SW2 80 200 18 3 7 1000 1200 40 4 420 3 1 1 4 7
5.4.21
1 1
5 1 1
5.4.22
Sampling at Bell Lane Creek showed that invertebrate diversity was low and samples were dominated by common, pollution tolerant groups (Asellus aquaticus (water louse), Oligochaeta worms and Potamopyrgus antipodarum (a snail). High abundances of Oligochaeta are often used as an indicator of enriched water and sediments, and are the invertebrate group most commonly associated with sewage discharges in the freshwater and estuarine environments. Potamopyrgus antipodarum is a commonly occurring snail species in the Thames Tideway, and is considered to be relatively tolerant to organic enrichment. Diversity and abundance was lower nearer to the location of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO discharge. All of the species present were brackish tolerant or brackish water groups. The CCI score (Chadd and Extence, 2004)10 has initially been used to assess whether any species of nature conservation importance are present. CCI classifies many groups of invertebrates of inland waters according to their scarcity and conservation value in Great Britain. The scores range from 1 to 10, with 1 being very common and 10 being endangered, relating closely to the Red Data Book (RDB) 11,12. As demonstrated by the CCI scores included in Vol 11 Table 5.4.2, no species of high nature conservation value were recorded in Bell Lane Creek in October 2010.
5.4.23
5.4.24
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The Environment Agency takes samples throughout the Thames Tideway using a number of techniques, including cores and kick sampling in the intertidal and day grab and core samples in the subtidal. Dormay Street is located 1.8 km upstream of the Environment Agency site at Battersea (on the main river Thames), which is the nearest sampling location with recent data (2005-2010). Kick sampling was undertaken each year between 2005 and 2010. A total of 46 taxa were recorded at Battersea over the six year period in which samples were collected. The taxa Oligochaeta, which is often used as an indicator of organic pollution, was relatively abundant, together with other pollution tolerant species such as the snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum. However, Gammarus zaddachi, a moderately pollutionsensitive species was also highly abundant and Theodoxus fluviatilis (pollution sensitive river neritid) was present most years. Most of the species sampled by the EA at Battersea were also present at Dormay Street. These included most commonly occurring and abundant animals at Hammersmith (notably Gammarus zaddachi, Oligochaeta, Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Radix balthica). However, there were also some significant differences. These included significantly higher numbers of Erpobdella testacea (leech) and Asellus aquaticus (water louse), both tolerant of organically enriched waters and low dissolved oxygen concentrations. This may partly reflect the presence of wastewater discharge to Bell Lane Creek. Other differences, notably the absence of Chironomidae and Crangon crangon (shrimps) at Dormay Street are likely to reflect subtle differences in habitat, seasonal and sampling variation. In addition to the native G. zaddachi, the amphipod G. tigrinus, of North American origin, was recorded at Battersea (one individual) in 2006. The species was not sampled at Dormay Street in 2010. It is believed that this species of amphipod arrived in English waters via ballast water from ships. It lives in fresh and brackish waters and can expand rapidly, outcompeting local amphipods. However, based on available data, it appears to be much less abundant than the native Gammarus zaddachi within the Thames Tideway. Acorophium lacustre, a species of mud shrimp classified as nationally rare (RDB 3) was abundant at the Environment Agency sampling site at Battersea, but not sampled at Dormay Street in 2010. Environment Agency data have shown A. lacustre to be common in the Thames Tideway. As such, its presence has not been used to elevate the relative value of the invertebrate community at this site for the purposes of the assessment.
5.4.26
5.4.27
5.4.28
5.4.29
Algae
5.4.30 Existing algae data has been requested and will be assessed and reported in the ES.
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Aquatic ecology receptor values and sensitivities

5.4.31 Using the baseline set out above the value accorded to each receptor considered in this assessment is set out in the table below. The definitions of the receptor values and sensitivties used in this evaluation are set out in Volume 5. Vol 11 Table 5.4.3 Aquatic ecology receptors Receptor Foreshore habitat (including intertidal and subtidal habitat) Value/sensitivity and justification Medium (Metropolitan) value. Habitats form part of a Site of Metropolitan Importance. Small areas of recreated high tide marginal habitat contribute to habitat diversity. Low (Local) value. No evidence of specific habitats of value for mammals, although forms part of wider tidal watercourse which is used for migrations. Medium (Metropolitan) value. No fish caught during surveys but the site is a component of the migratory route of all resident Tideway fish populations which collectively are considered to be of Metropolitan importance. Site may offer spawning habitat for fish, and will be re-evaluated following spring survey data. Low (local) value. Pollution tolerant taxa only. To be completed following receipt of data.
Mammals
Fish
Invertebrates Algae
5.5
5.5.1
Construction assessment Construction impacts

The potential impacts arising from construction of the project at this site are described on an impact-by-impact basis below. The definitions of the different magnitudes of impact referred to in this assessment are given in Volume 5. Temporary landtake There would be a temporary loss of a small amount of intertidal and subtidal habitat, from the piles to support the Bailey type bridge. The number of piles is not known at this point but the landtake is unlikely to be more than 50m2. The structure would be in place for three years. It is assumed for the purposes of the assessment that removal of the Bailey type bridge would involve cutting the piles off at the surrounding foreshore level. Given the small amount of direct landtake involved, the impact is
5.5.2
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considered to be low negative. The probability of the impact occurring is considered to be certain. Sediment disturbance and compaction 5.5.3 There would be a small zone outside the area physically occupied by the piles which would be affected by installation of the piles (and the necessary strengthening ties for the river wall) during a period of several weeks during Year 1 of construction. The mini-piling rig would be used to bore piles into place, thus affecting intertidal and subtidal habitat. Compression impacts on the intertidal and subtidal habitats are considered to be low negative, probable and temporary. Shading of the river 5.5.4 The presence of the Bailey type bridge (surface area approximately 140m2) would result in temporary shading of the section of river which lies beneath. However, none of the intertidal habitat in this area is sensitive to shading. Moreover, a proportion of the area covered by the bridge would be subtidal and thus subject to some degree of shading at all times. Overall therefore the impact is considered to be low negative, certain and temporary. Change to the hydrodynamic regime 5.5.5 Some limited changes to the hydrodynamic regime in the intertidal zone may result from the presence of the piles that would support the Bailey type bridge. However, flows in the creek are limited given the presence of the lock immediately upstream. The impact is considered to be negligible, probable and temporary. Waterborne noise and vibration 5.5.6 There would be several piles that would need to be bored into the bed of the creek in order to install the Bailey type bridge. These would be installed using silent piling techniques, thus limiting the principal source of waterborne noise and vibration impacts. Vehicles using the Bailey type bridge would cause some vibration through the piles which may affect the area around pile foundations within the creek. Measures to limit noise and vibration impacts during the construction stage of the project have been incorporated into the Code of Construction Practice. These are described in para. 5.2.5. The impact is considered to be low negative, probable and temporary. Increase in suspended sediment loads 5.5.8 Pile boring operations are likely to lead to localised increases in suspended sediment with the potential to affect local and downstream habitats. Background levels of suspended sediments in the creek are relatively high, and increases associated with the construction site are likely to be minor and localised. Impacts are considered to be low negative, probable and temporary. Spillages from the Bailey type bridge 5.5.9 Given that the excavated materials storage area and the shaft are on the southern side of the creek it is assumed that, in general, vehicles loaded
5.5.7
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with excavated material would not be crossing the bridge, and therefore the risk of spillages of excavated material from vehicles is minimal. In any case, the risk of spillages would be minimised through measures presented in the Code of Construction Practice. 5.5.10 The level of impact of any spills into the watercourse depends on the nature and quantity of the spilled material, with small amounts of silt or excavated material considered low negative, and large amounts of excavated material, oil or chemicals moderate or high negative. However, given the control measures and the site arrangement which means that excavated material would not routinely be crossing the bridge, it is considered to be low negative, temporary and extremely unlikely (5% or less). Vol 11 Table 5.5.1 Aquatic ecology impacts - construction Impact Loss of intertidal and subtidal habitat through the construction of temporary (less than 3-year) Bailey type bridge. Disturbance and compaction of intertidal and subtidal sediments due to mini-piling rig used for installing Bailey type bridge. Slight shading of approximately 140m2 of intertidal and sub-tidal sediment from Bailey type bridge. Magnitude Low negative due to minimal scale. Temporary. Certain. Low negative impact for intertidal and subtidal habitat due relatively limited extent. Temporary. Probable. Low negative impact due to limited extent and low sensitivity of receptor. Temporary. Certain. Negligible due to existing slow flows in channel. Temporary. Probable. Low negative due to proposed silent piling methods and control measures. Temporary. Probable. Low negative due to lack of dredging, small area and short duration of piling and relatively high background levels of sediment. Temporary. Probable. Low negative. Temporary. Extremely unlikely.
Change to hydrodynamic regime due to temporary Bailey type bridge piles in the intertidal and subtidal areas. Waterborne noise and vibration arising from the installation of temporary piles to support Bailey type bridge. This has potential to cause damage to fish and disrupt movements. Increase in suspended sediment loads due to piling operations. Potential for smothering of downstream habitats and reduced water quality. Spillages from Bailey type bridge causing pollution to watercourse.
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5.5.11 The effects of the construction activities on ecological receptors are described in detail below. The way in which the magnitude and reversibility of each impact has been combined with the value of each receptor to determine the significance of the effect is set out in Volume 5. Designated sites and habitats Loss of intertidal and subtidal habitat due to temporary landtake 5.5.12 There would be a temporary loss of a small amount of intertidal and subtidal habitat, from the piles to support the Bailey type bridge. The number of piles is not known at this point but the landtake is estimated to be approximately 50m2. The intrinsic value of the habitats, (ie, the inherent value of the habitat as an ecological feature in itself, rather than simply in terms of the support it provides for fauna) in this area is considered to be of Metropolitan importance as part of the River Thames and Tidal Tributaries Site of Metropolitan Importance. Sediment is expected to naturally and quickly accrete to cover the bases of the piles once they are cut off at bed level for bridge removal. The overall effect is considered to be minor adverse. Disturbance and compaction of intertidal and subtidal habitat 5.5.13 There would be disturbance and compaction outside the bridge area for a period of several weeks during Year 1 of construction as the Bailey type bridge and supporting ties in the existing river wall are installed using a mini-piling rig. Habitats within this zone are expected to recover within the short term (less than 12 months). Despite the medium intrinsic value of the habitats in this area the effect is considered to be minor adverse due to the low magnitude of the impact. Pollution of habitats due to spillages 5.5.14 Spillages of material from the Bailey type bridge have the potential to cause contamination of habitats in the vicinity of the bridge. However, given the nature and volume of materials crossing the bridge, the effect is considered to be minor adverse, albeit with an extremely low risk of occurrence. Mammals Interference with the migrations of marine mammals within the Thames Tideway 5.5.15 No records of marine mammals using Bell Lane Creek have been sourced. Therefore, although noise, vibration and other construction activity has the potential to disturb mammals and deter them from passing the site it is considered to be a negligible effect in this case, particularly within the context of the silent piling methods that would be used and the brief duration during which piling would be taking place.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Fish
Loss of feeding, resting and nursery habitat for fish due to temporary landtake 5.5.16 The limited amount of landtake would result in very little loss of habitat. Although the lower Wandle is considered to be important as a spawning habitat for smelt, the southern bank in this section of the creek has been re-profiled and engineered, thus making it less suitable as spawning habitat. The presence of the CSO outfall may also reduce the habitat value. The effect on fish is therefore considered to be minor adverse, based on the existing baseline. Direct mortality of fish due to temporary landtake, sediment disturbance and compaction 5.5.17 Although there is a risk of mortality of fish as the piles for the Bailey type bridge are installed, and as a result of compaction of the sediments, this is considered to be low since even juvenile fish would move away from the source of the impact. There would be a greater risk of mortality if fish eggs were present, but the site is considered unsuitable spawning habitat. The effect is considered to be minor adverse. Temporary shading of intertidal and subtidal feeding and resting habitat for fish 5.5.18 The intertidal mudflat would support communities of microalgae which would be used as a feeding resource by fish, and this may be affected by reduced light levels. However, given the limited extent of the area covered by the Bailey type bridge, and the availability of similar feeding habitat, the effect is therefore considered to be minor adverse. Interference with the migratory movements of fish 5.5.19 The Bailey type bridge would be on piled piers and would therefore not obstruct fish movements. Given the close proximity of the Bailey type bridge to the weir structure separating the creek from the River Wandle this is considered to be a negligible effect. Effects of waterborne noise and vibration on fish 5.5.20 The effects of waterborne noise and vibration on fish vary according to the proximity of the receptor to the source. Effects depend on distance from source, ranging from potential death at very close proximities, through injury, and behavioural disturbance with increasing distance from the source. The main source at Dormay Street would be the installation of the piles to form the piers for the Bailey type bridge. This would be undertaken using a silent piling technique from a mini-piling rig, thus minimising the level of noise and vibration. A series of control measures relating to the timing and duration of piling operations have been included in the Code of Construction Practice. There would also be noise and vibration impacts associated with HGVs on the Bailey type bridge, although the effects arising from these are considered to be less than those associated with piling. Overall, the effects are considered to be minor adverse.
5.5.21
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Blanketing of feeding areas for fish and reduction in water column visibility due to suspended sediment 5.5.22 Although the Thames Tideway is a sedimentary environment with high levels of suspended solids, construction activities such as piling have the potential to generate high levels of suspended sediment which could be deposited on submerged vegetation and other benthic habitat which may be used for feeding or spawning by fish. Increased turbidity of the water column may also cause disorientation of fish, although reduced visibility could also favour juvenile fish by providing cover from predatory adults. No dredging would be undertaken at this site. The installation of piles into the sediment does have some potential to resuspend sediment, but given background levels of sediment the effect is considered to be minor adverse. Pollution of feeding or spawning habitat due to spillages from the Bailey type bridge 5.5.24 Spillages of material from the Bailey type bridge have the potential to cause direct effects of fish, such as contamination of feeding, resting or spawning habitat in the vicinity of the bridge. However, given the nature and volume of materials crossing the bridge and the extremely low risk of spillage, the effect is considered to be minor adverse. Invertebrates Direct mortality of invertebrates due to temporary landtake, sediment disturbance and compaction 5.5.25 There would be direct mortality of invertebrates due to compaction and disturbance of sediment as the piles for the Bailey type bridge are installed. However, the scale of landtake would be small and the given the low value of the receptor the effect is considered to be negligible. Loss of burrowing and feeding habitat for invertebrates due to temporary landtake, sediment disturbance and compaction 5.5.26 The very small amount of landtake would result in very little loss of habitat for invertebrates. The effect on invertebrates is therefore considered to be negligible. Temporary shading of intertidal and subtidal feeding and resting habitat for invertebrates 5.5.27 The intertidal mudflat supports communities of microalgae which are used as a feeding resource by invertebrates, and this may be affected by reduced light levels. However, given the limited extent of the area covered by the Bailey type bridge, and the availability of similar feeding habitat, the effect is considered to be negligible. Blanketing of feeding areas for invertebrates and reduction in water column visibility due to suspended sediment 5.5.28 Although the Thames Tideway is a sedimentary environment with high levels of suspended solids, construction activities such as piling have the potential to generate high levels of suspended sediment which can deposit
5.5.23
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on submerged vegetation and other benthic habitat which may be used for feeding by invertebrates. 5.5.29 No dredging would be undertaken at this site. The installation of piles into the sediment does have some limited potential for resuspended sediments to coat feeding habitats. However the total surface area of the piles is small and the period of piling would be sufficiently brief. The risk of blanketing of invertebrate feeding habitats is therefore considered to be low and the effect is also considered to be negligible. Pollution of feeding and burrowing habitat due to spillages from the Bailey type bridge 5.5.30 Spillages of material from the Bailey type bridge has the potential to cause direct effects on invertebrates, such as contamination of feeding or burrowing habitat in the vicinity of the bridge. However, given the nature and volume of materials crossing the bridge and the extremely low risk of spillage, the effect is considered to be negligible. Algae 5.5.31 Effects on algae will be reported in the ES.
5.6
5.6.1
Operational assessment Operational impacts

The potential impacts arising from operation of the project at this site would be a large reduction in the volume of sewage effluent discharged from the CSO. These impacts are described below. The definitions of the different magnitudes of impact referred to in this assessment are given in Volume 5. Reduction in the volume of sewage effluent discharged from the CSO.
5.6.2
Discharges from the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO into the Bell Lane Creek are anticipated to be 18,100m3 per annum i over a total of 27 discharge events (or spills) by 2021. The discharge is projected to reduce to 500m3 per annum from a single spill once the Thames Tideway scheme, including the Thames Tunnel, is operational. This would result in localised improvements in water quality, particularly when considered cumulatively with interception of the Frogmore SR (Buckhold Road) CSO, which discharges further up the River Wandle. Project-wide effects of interception of all Thames Tideway CSOs are considered in Volume 6. The improvements will help to achieve water quality standards set under the Water Framework Directive in relation to dissolved oxygen and inorganic nitrogen. The magnitude of the impact is considered to be medium positive, and to be probable and permanent. This is a provisional assessment and will be verified based on the outputs from water quality modelling currently being undertaken.
5.6.3
5.6.4
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Vol 11 Table 5.6.1 Aquatic ecology impacts - operation Impact Improvement of local water quality through CSO interception. Magnitude Medium positive impact Permanent. Probable.
Operational effects
5.6.5 The operational receptors and their value are identical to that of the construction receptors as outlined in Section 5.4 and Vol 11 Table 5.4.3, and are thus not reproduced here. The effects of the operational activities on ecological receptors are described in detail below. The way in which the magnitude and reversibility of each impact has been combined with the value of each receptor to determine the significance of the effect is set out in Volume 5. Unless stated the effects described below apply to both Year 1 of operation and Year 6 of operation consistent with the assessment methodology (Volume 5). Mammals 5.6.7 No changes are anticipated on marine mammals as a result of the water quality improvements associated with interception of a single CSO discharge. This is because they are a mobile receptor, and therefore able to move away from a point source discharge and they are relatively insensitive to the levels of pollution associated with a single source. Effects are considered negligible Fish Reduction in the occurrence of dissolved oxygen related fish mortalities. 5.6.8 The microbial activity associated with untreated sewage effluent (BOD) causes a depletion in the levels of dissolved oxygen downstream of a discharge. This is often referred to as an oxygen sag. Oxygen sags are more common in the summer months when water temperatures are higher and oxygen is less soluble. Impacts on fish health occur when dissolved oxygen levels drop beneath 4mg/l, and significant mortalities begin to occur when levels drop beneath this threshold. Fish mortality due to low dissolved oxygen concentrations is referred to as hypoxia. Such hypoxia events are currently relatively common in the Thames Tideway, particularly during the summer months when heavy storms follow periods of low flow and water temperatures are relatively high. Up to 2004, there had been at least 154 hypoxia events in which fish mortalities have occurred 13. This information will be updated for the ES. Interception of the CSOs throughout the Thames Tideway would improve sewerage system capacity and result in far fewer hypoxia events. The exact number of hypoxia events anticipated with the project in place will be predicted using the Thames Tideway Fish Risk Model and reported in the ES. Interception of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO would contribute to this Thames Tideway wide improvement, but would
5.6.6
5.6.9
5.6.10
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also result in improvements in the local area. Given the potential value of this site as a nursery area for juvenile fish, the effect is considered moderate beneficial at Year 1 and Year 6. Improvements across the Thames Tideway as a whole may be significantly greater and will be assessed in Volume 6 (Project-wide effects assessment). Increase in the distribution of pollution sensitive fish species. 5.6.11 The Thames Tideway supports a number of rare fish species salmon, sea trout and twaite shad and river lamprey. A number of factors limit the colonisation of habitats by these species, including salinity, substrate type and current, but pollution is known to be a significant factor in determining colonisation (eg, Maitland, PS and Hatton-Ellis, TW. Ecology of the Allis and Twaite Shad. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Ecology Series No. 3. English Nature). Changes in the diversity of fish communities, including recruitment of more sensitive species is a process which would occur at a wider scale, and will be assessed in Volume 6 (Project-wide). At the local scale for this site effects on fish diversity are considered to be minor positive, since improvements would be limited by physical barriers to fish movement through the Creek rather than water quality. Given that the impact is considered to be medium beneficial( Vol 11 Table 5.6.1), and the value of the receptors is medium the effect is thus considered to be negligible in Year 1, increasing to moderate beneficial in Year 6. Invertebrates Localised improvements invertebrate diversity and abundance. 5.6.13 As well as causing low dissolved oxygen events, untreated sewage effluent contains nutrients which cause enrichment of the water column and sediments in the river. Excessive nutrient enrichment causes phenomenon such as algal blooms, and is known as eutrophication. Such enrichment tends to favour a small number of pollution tolerant species at the expense of a wider range of pollution sensitive species. For example, certain species of Oligochaete worm are indicative of polluted conditions because they are able to tolerate the low dissolved oxygen conditions and multiply rapidly in the enriched sediments. Oligochaeta was the most abundant taxa at the EA sampling points up and downstream of the site, and so it is reasonable to assume that they will also be dominant at this site. By intercepting the CSO the source of sewage related nutrients would be cut off and the sediments in the vicinity of the outfall would begin to return to a more natural state. As nutrients reduce in concentration a wider range of invertebrate species, including more pollution sensitive species such as the river neretid (Theodoxus fluviatilis), would begin to colonise the sediments. The effect is considered to be minor beneficial. Increase in the distribution of rare and pollution sensitive invertebrate species. 5.6.15 The Thames Tideway currently supports a small number of rare invertebrate species including swollen spire snail and tentacled lagoon
5.6.12
5.6.14
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worm. A number of factors limit the colonisation of habitats by these species, including salinity, substrate type and current, but pollution is known to be a significant factor in determining colonisation. Improving water and sediment quality would facilitate the spread of those pollution sensitive species which are currently being impeded by poor water and sediment quality. 5.6.16 Removal of the CSO discharge at this location may facilitate the spread of the rare depressed river mussel, which is known to occur in the vicinity of the site. Effects on invertebrates diversity are thus considered to be negligible in Year 1, increasing to minor beneficial by Year 6. Algae 5.6.17 Effects on algae will be assessed and reported in the ES.
5.7
5.7.1
Approach to mitigation
The approach to mitigation will be informed by the Mitigation and Compensation Hierarchy discussed with the Thames Tunnel EA Biodiversity Working Group as a systematic and transparent decisionmaking process. The hierarchy is sequential and seeks to avoid adverse environmental effects. The hierarchy of avoid effect, minimise, control compensate, and enhance will be strictly applied in this sequence. The ES will describe how this hierarchy has been applied. The mitigation hierarchy is described in detail in Volume 5.
5.7.2
Construction
5.7.3 The areas of habitat affected by the Bailey type bridge piles would be expected to recover following the cutting off of the piles at the surrounding foreshore level. Sediment is expected to naturally and quickly accrete to cover the bases of the piles once they are cut off. The need for any specific restoration measures will be considered and reported in the ES.
Operation
5.7.4 No mitigation is required since the effects on aquatic ecology receptors are all beneficial associated with the improvements in water quality arising from interception of the CSO.
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5.8
Vol 11 Table 5.8.1 Aquatic ecology construction assessment summary Significance of effect Minor adverse Need for any specific restoration to be considered and reported in ES None viable None required None required Need for any specific restoration to be considered and reported in ES None viable beyond what is already in the CoCP None viable Mitigation Significance of residual effect To be reported in the ES.
Assessment summary
Construction
Receptor
Description of effect
Habitats
Loss of intertidal and subtidal habitat due to temporary landtake
Disturbance and compaction of intertidal and subtidal habitat Negligible Negligible Minor adverse
Minor adverse
Minor adverse Negligible Negligible To be reported in the ES.
Pollution of habitats due to spillages
Mammals
Interference with the migrations of marine mammals within the Tideway
Fish
Loss of feeding, resting and nursery habitat for fish
Direct mortality of fish due to temporary landtake, and disturbance and compaction of sediment. Minor adverse
Minor adverse
Minor adverse
Temporary shading of feeding and resting habitat for fish
Minor adverse
Interference with migratory movements of fish due to partial blockage of the intertidal area by
To be assessed in ES following further investigation
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Significance of effect Minor adverse None viable beyond what is already in the CoCP None viable Minor adverse Minor adverse Mitigation Significance of residual effect
Receptor
temporary structures.
Direct mortality and/or disturbance to fish from waterborne noise and vibration leading to changes in behaviour and migratory patterns. Minor adverse
Blanketing of feeding areas for fish and reduction in water column visibility due to suspended sediment. Negligible None required
Invertebrates
Direct mortality of invertebrates due to temporary landtake and disturbance and compaction of sediment. Negligible Negligible Negligible None required None required None required
Negligible
Loss of feeding/burrowing habitat for invertebrates
Negligible Negligible Negligible
Temporary shading of invertebrate habitat
Blanketing of feeding areas for invertebrates due to suspended sediment. Negligible
Pollution of feeding and burrowing habitat due to spillages from the Bailey type bridge
None required
Negligible
Algae
To be completed in the ES
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Operation
Vol 11 Table 5.8.2 Aquatic ecology operational assessment summary Significance of effect Year 1 Negligible None required. Negligible Year 6 Mitigation Significance of residual effect
Receptor
Mammals
Increase in the Negligible number and/or change in the distribution of marine mammals. Moderate beneficial. Moderate beneficial. None required due to positive effect.
Fish
Reduction in the occurrence of low dissolved oxygen related fish mortalities. Negligible Moderate beneficial. None required due to positive effect
Moderate beneficial.
Increase in the distribution of pollution sensitive fish species. Minor beneficial Minor beneficial
Moderate beneficial
Invertebrates
Localised improvements in invertebrates diversity and abundance. Negligible
None required due to positive effect.
Minor beneficial
Increase in the distribution of rare and pollution sensitive
Minor beneficial.
None required due to positive effect.
Minor beneficial
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Significance of effect Mitigation Significance of residual effect
Receptor
Description of effect invertebrate species.
Algae
To be completed in the ES
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5.9
5.9.1 5.9.2
Algal data and assessment of effects on algae will be reported in the ES. Fish and invertebrate surveys have been undertaken during 2011 and these will be used to finalise and revise the construction and operational assessments as necessary once the data has been analysed. Assessment of cumulative effects will be undertaken as part of the ES. In addition, the 2011 baseline data will be used to update the assessment. Following completion of the assessment, the mitigation approaches for aquatic ecology within the project will be finalised and reported in the ES.
5.9.3 5.9.4
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Section 6: Ecology - terrestrial
6
6.1
6.1.1
Ecology - terrestrial
Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant terrestrial ecology effects at the Dormay Street site. Likely effects on aquatic ecology are reported in Section 5. Elements of the proposed works that have particular relevance to terrestrial ecology comprise site clearance, piling, and wider construction activities. Operational activity would be limited to occasional maintenance works, which are considered unlikely to have significant effects on terrestrial ecology receptors on or off site. The operational phase is therefore not considered in this assessment.
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.2
6.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to terrestrial ecology are as follows.
Construction
a. Site mobilisation, including clearance activities commencing in the first year of construction. b. Noise, vibration and lighting as a result of piling, ground excavation and construction traffic movements and the use of construction machinery. c. Works within the foreshore. d. 24 hour tunnelling during the connection tunnel excavation. Whilst these works will be underground, there will be a degree of aboveground movement of vehicles and people during these works. Code of Construction Practice 6.2.2 Measures incorporated into the draft CoCP to reduce effects on terrestrial ecology receptors include those that would ensure that terrestrial ecology receptors are appropriately managed during construction. The document sets out procedures that would be adhered to both scheme wide and at individual sites. The draft CoCP outlines that where appropriate, works would be undertaken in compliance with legislation, and with due regard to relevant nature conservation policies and guidance, including the Mayors Biodiversity Strategy and local Biodiversity Action Plans. Each site would have an Ecological Management Plan, which would detail the approach to management of effects on ecological receptors with reference to the results of the terrestrial ecology assessment. Where species are protected by specific legislation, approved guidance would be followed, appropriate mitigation would be proposed and any necessary licences or consents obtained.
6.2.3
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Measures not specifically outlined under the ecology section of the draft CoCP are also of relevance, for example the management of noise and vibration, and water resources.
6.3
6.3.1

Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. The Scoping Report was prepared before the Dormay Street site had been identified as a potential site and therefore has not been the subject of formal scoping. The scope for terrestrial ecology has therefore drawn on the scoping response from the LB of Wandsworth for other sites in the area, from stakeholder engagement and on professional judgement. This site was presented at a biodiversity working group on March 2011 attended by local planning authorities, including LB of Wandsworth.
Baseline
6.3.2 Baseline data collection has followed the methodology detailed in Volume 5. Baseline data is derived from desk study, Phase 1 Habitat Survey data and preliminary bat survey data. All subsequent survey data will be reported in the ES. This is described further in Section 6.9 and Vol 11 Table 6.3.1. In summary, the following baseline data has been collated: a. Desk study including data base searches (for ecological records within a 2km radius from the site boundary, which is the industry standard), web-based searches and review of existing available documents in relation to protected and notable species and habitats. Desk study data within 500m of the site are reported here as the works are unlikely to affect species and designated sites beyond this distance. Records dated prior to 2000 have not been included as the information since this date provides the most appropriate data to assess the site baseline conditions. b. A Phase 1 Habitat Survey undertaken on 17th May 2011 following the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Standard Phase 1 Habitat Survey Methodology, 2010. The survey included the site and adjacent habitat considered, using professional judgement, to be potentially affected by the proposed works. c. A bat triggering survey was carried out in June 2011. This is an initial survey using remote recording equipment (Anabat detectors) to determine whether subsequent activity/dawn surveys were required. The survey area includes the site and adjacent features that are assessed (using professional judgement) to be potentially affected by the project. Further surveys were required and preliminary results of the bat triggering surveys have been provided. Full details will be included in the ES.
6.3.3
6.3.4
Species surveys identified as being required following the desk study and Phase 1 Habitat Survey have commenced and will continue in 2011 and
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2012, as shown in the table below. The results of these surveys will be provided in the EIA. Vol 11 Table 6.3.1 Terrestrial ecology notable species surveys Survey Bat activity and dawn surveys Survey area Around suitable features within and immediately adjacent to the site. The survey area included the potentially suitable features on the site and in close proximity to the site that are considered to be potentially affected by the project. The survey area comprises the section of river wall affected by the proposed scheme. The survey area included the potentially suitable features on the site and in close proximity to the site that are considered to be potentially affected by the project. The survey area included the site and areas within 10m of the site boundary. The survey area includes potentially suitable invertebrate habitats on site. The survey area includes the site and adjacent features that are assessed to be potentially affected by the project. Timing July to October 2011
Black redstarts
June to July 2011
Botanical survey of river wall
One visit between June and August 2011
Breeding birds
May to July 2011
Invasive Plants
One visit in August 2011
Invertebrates
May to August 2011
Wintering bird surveys
Monthly intervals from October 2011 to March 2012 inclusive
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Construction
6.3.5 The construction phase assessment methodology follows this standard methodology provided in Volume 5, which is based on IEEM. Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the United Kingdom. Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (2006) 14. The following ecological receptors are included in the assessed: a. Habitats b. Bats c. Black redstart d. Breeding birds e. Wintering birds f. Reptiles g. Invertebrates h. Botanical (river wall) 6.3.6 As contaminated runoff and atmospheric pollution will be controlled through the implementation of the CoCP, no likely significant effects are anticipated on ecological receptors from this source. Therefore, this source of impact is not considered any further in the assessment. The potential presence of Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) noted in para. 6.4.11 is not considered within the assessment as measures to eradicate and control this, and other invasive species, prior to construction commencing are contained within the CoCP (see para. 6.2.2). The findings of the mapping survey will be reported in the ES. The assessment year for construction is the start of site preparation works in construction Year 1. This is likely to be the peak year for impacts on terrestrial ecology as this is when initial site clearance would occur. Assuming that the site and any nearby designated sites would continue to be managed as they are at present then the base case for the construction assessment is considered to be largely unchanged from current conditions as described in Section 6.4.
6.3.7
6.3.8
6.3.9

6.3.10 It is assumed for the purposes of assessment that the current site management regime of the Dormay Street site would continue. The assessment assumes that the measures within the CoCP would be implemented as part of the development. All surveys have been and will be undertaken at appropriate times of the year. No other site specific limitations or assumptions have been identified.
6.4
6.4.1
Baseline conditions
The following section sets out the baseline conditions for terrestrial ecology receptors at the site and surrounds, including their value.
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Designated sites
On site 6.4.2 Bell Lane Creek, which bisects the two site areas, forms part of the River Thames and Tidal Tributaries SINC (Grade Mii) and comprises inter-tidal habitat and river channel. This designated site is included in the aquatic ecology assessment and is not considered further in this assessment. Surrounding area 6.4.3 The following designated sites are located within 500m of the Dormay Street site: a. The Lower River Wandle SINC (Grade B iii) is located adjacent to the east of the site and comprises inter-tidal habitat and river channel. This site is of district (medium) value. b. Wandsworth Park SINC (Grade L iv) is located approximately 390m west of the site. It is of local (low) value. c. King Georges Park SINC (Grade Biii) is located approximately 430m south of Dormay Street and includes formal gardens and a lake. It is of district (medium) value.
6.4.4
Due to the localised nature of the proposed works, no effects on terrestrial ecology have been identified. Therefore, designated sites are not considered further in the assessment
Habitats
6.4.5 The site encompasses London Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) habitat Built Up Areas and Gardens and the adjacent creek shore comprises the London BAP habitat Mudflats. The Tidal Thames is also a London BAP habitat. The habitats recorded within the survey area during the Phase 1 Habitat Survey are detailed in the table below and shown on Vol 11 Figure 6.4.1. Vol 11 Figure 6.4.1 Terrestrial ecology Phase 1 habitat survey (see Volume 11 Figures document) Vol 11 Table 6.4.1 Terrestrial ecology Phase 1 habitat survey Habitats Buildings Habitat Description The survey area and its immediate surrounds contain a number of modern and older buildings (industrial units); these appear to be in good condition. The majority of the survey area comprises buildings and hardstanding. Hardstanding is present across the survey area in the form of tarmac and concreted
6.4.6
Hardstanding
ii
SINC (Grade M) = Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Grade M of Metropolitan importance) SINC (Grade B) = Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Grade B of Borough importance) iv SINC (Grade L) = Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Grade L of Local importance)
iii
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Habitats
Section 6: Ecology - terrestrial Habitat Description ground surfaces and pathways.
Short perennial
Small areas of sparsely vegetated derelict land occur on and directly adjacent to the survey area, to the north of Bell Lane Creek. Occasional ruderal vegetation is present along the peripheries of the storage yard, to the north of Bell Lane Creek. Species present include ragwort Senecio jacobaea, mugwort Artemisia vulgaris, curled dock Rumex crispus and cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris. Scattered trees are present along the western bank of the River Wandle and within the adjacent derelict land to the east of the Causeway. Species present include ash Fraxinus excelsior, willow Salix sp, and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus. A substantial scrub and tree line is present along the northern edge of Bell Lane Creek, which forms the southern edge of the storage yard. A similar tree line occurs along the eastern boundary of the storage yard, alongside the Causeway. The River Wandle runs parallel to the Causeway to the east of the survey area. This meets and flows into Bell Lane Creek which bisects the two adjacent survey areas. Bell Lane Creek includes areas of mudflats exposed at low tide.
Tall ruderal
Scattered trees
Dense scrub
Running Water and Intertidal
On site 6.4.7 Areas of short ephemeral vegetation are restricted to the peripheries of the storage yard and land adjacent to the Causeway between the site and the River Wandle. They comprise abundant plant species and assemblages and are of local (low) value. The limited presence of tall ruderal vegetation may have supporting functions for invertebrates and species that feed on invertebrates. The habitat is considered to be of local (low) value. The mature scrub and trees on site include some native species. These trees have some intrinsic ecological value, but are not UK or London BAP priority species. Therefore, the trees on site are considered to be of local (low) value. Bell Lane Creek, which bisects the northern storage yard and southern industrial area of the site, is not designated but does comprise the London BAP priority habitat mudflats and links to the Tidal Thames BAP habitat.
6.4.8
6.4.9
6.4.10
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The creek forms a mosaic of relatively scarce habitat resources within the area (natural river wall, mudflats, gravel substrates and running water), is in good condition, and is therefore considered to be of county (medium) value. 6.4.11 Japanese knotweed (a noxious and invasive plant) and other invasive plants may be present on site and a survey is proposed. If present, this is considered to be of negative value at the local (low) level. This is not considered further within this assessment as the eradication and control of such invasive species would be managed by the measures set out in the CoCP. Surrounding area 6.4.12 The River Wandle adjacent to the site is in relatively favourable ecological condition and similarly links to the Thames BAP habitat areas. It supports a typical species diversity including some areas of marginal aquatic plants and is likely to be of value to a number of notable species. Therefore, the river is considered to be of county (medium) value.
Notable species
6.4.13 6.4.14 Bats On site There is considered to be a low to moderate potential for bats to be present within the structures on site. The buildings immediately adjacent to (on the south side of) Bell Lane Creek, such as the brick substation building, support some limited (low) potential for roosting opportunities. The trees are generally sub-optimal as roosting habitat, comprising immature to semi-mature in age with no suitable cracks or crevice features that could be used by roosting bats. However, there is the potential for tree and scrub lines on site to be utilised by bats for commuting and foraging. The creek corridor could potentially provide an important foraging and commuting resource and areas of semi-natural vegetation (tall ruderal and short perennial vegetation) may support invertebrates that provide a bat foraging resource. The value of the site to bats will be reported within the ES, however, preliminary bat triggering surveys have shown high levels of foraging and commuting activity and records of both common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus and soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus bats. Surrounding area 6.4.17 Data searches included records of four bat species within 500m of the site. These were of common pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle, Leislers bat Nyctalus leislerii and noctule Nyctalus noctula. There is some greater (moderate) potential for roosting within built structures adjacent to the site; primarily the brick buildings including the Grade II listed Wentworth House to the south of the site, and the railway arch over the River Wandle to the north of the site.
6.4.15
6.4.16
6.4.18
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The River Wandle to the east of the site is likely to provide an important foraging and commuting route for local bat populations. The value of the surrounding area to bats will be assessed and reported within the ES. Black redstart On site
6.4.20
The possible presence of black redstart Phoenicurus ochruros on site cannot be ruled out at this stage (there are no known records of the species within 500m of the site). Although the complex of habitats on site and within the immediately surrounding area, including the buildings, rail arches, creek-side intertidal areas and river wall, and the surrounding short perennial vegetation are potentially suitable for this species, although not considered to be optimal. The value of the site for black redstart will be assessed and reported within the ES. Surrounding area Habitat within the surrounding area has the potential to support black redstart. The value of the surrounding area for black redstart will be assessed and reported within the ES. Breeding birds On site
6.4.21
6.4.22
6.4.23
Any birds nesting within the scrub and trees on site are likely to be species common to the area, potentially including some that are listed as London and UK BAP priority species and also Red v List species. The value of the site to breeding birds will be assessed and reported within the ES. Surrounding area The data search has identified the following notable bird species within 500m: a. Kingfisher Alcedo atthis (Amber List, WCA 1981 Schedule 1 Part 1 species) b. Dunnock Prunella modularis (Amber List, UK and London BAP species) c. Song thrush Turdus philomelos (Red List, UK and London BAP Priority Species)
6.4.24
d. House sparrow Passer domesticus (Red List, UK and London BAP Priority Species) e. Starling Sturnus vulgaris (Red List, UK and London BAP Priority Species)
The UK's birds can be split into three categories of conservation importance - red, amber and green. Red is the highest conservation priority, with species needing urgent action. Amber is the next most critical group, followed by green. (http://www.rspb.org.uk. Page last updated on Monday 7 March 2011).
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It is considered likely that areas of built structures, trees and scrub adjacent to the site will also provide some nesting habitat for small numbers of birds during the breeding season. Additional nesting habitat opportunities that are not present on the site itself include the margins of the River Wandle. The value of the surrounding area to breeding birds will be assessed and reported within the ES. Wintering birds On site
6.4.26
6.4.27
Riparian habitat on site has the potential to support wintering birds. No records of wintering birds are associated with the site. The value of the site to support wintering birds will be assessed and reported within the ES. Surrounding area Habitat adjacent to the site has the potential to support wintering birds. The value of the surrounding area for wintering birds will be assessed and reported within the ES. Reptiles On site
6.4.28
6.4.29
There are very few areas of habitat on site that are considered to be suitable for reptiles. However, the limited areas of scrub edge and its transition into short perennial vegetation to the north of Bell Lane Creek (within the southern edge of the storage yard site) do offer some opportunities for reptile species, such as slow worm Anguis fragilis. It is considered that there is insufficient suitable habitat for a full survey to be required and therefore any reptile finds at the time of vegetation clearance will be addressed as per measures set out in the CoCP. The value of any reptile resource on site, if present at all, is likely to be of local (low) value. Surrounding area The desk study revealed no records of reptiles within 500m of the site. Other habitat of potential for reptiles is present in places along the western boundary of the River Wandle, where occasional scrub or trees, or area of natural river bank and marginal vegetation, may provide habitat for low numbers of reptiles, including grass snake Natrix natrix. Given the isolated and fragmented nature of any suitable habitat within the surrounding area, it is likely that (if at all present) reptiles are present in low numbers only and are of local (low) value, at most. Invertebrates On site
6.4.30
6.4.31
6.4.32
Certain habitats on site are potentially suitable for supporting assemblages of invertebrate species. Primarily, these are considered to be the more natural sections of the river wall and the dense scrub alongside the creek. The value of the invertebrate resource on site will be assessed and reported within the ES.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Surrounding area 6.4.33
Data search records include records of stag beetle Lucanus cervus within 500m of the site. The limited areas of bare ground, short perennial and tall ruderal vegetation within the plot of land adjacent to (west of) the River Wandle offer some minor additional habitat opportunities for assemblages of invertebrates. The value of the invertebrate resource within the surrounding area will be assessed and reported within the ES. Botanical interest On site
6.4.34
The river wall may support notable botanical species. The botanical baseline and the value of the botanical interest will be assessed and reported in the ES. Surrounding area No botanical interest in the surrounding area is likely to be affected by the works.
6.4.35
6.5
Construction assessment Habitats

On-site
6.5.1
It is considered certain that the permanent loss of several mature trees (and associated scrub understorey) of local (low) value, due to the construction of the proposed bridge crossing Bell Lane Creek, would be significant at the local level (minor adverse effect). The pruning of tree branches is unlikely to be significant (negligible) as the trees would be able to maintain their ecological function on the site as an invertebrate habitat and foraging resource to bats. There would also be a permanent loss of a very small amount of tall ruderal and short perennial vegetation around the peripheries of the storage yard (site area to the north of Bell Lane Creek). This is considered unlikely to be significant (negligible). Surrounding area No effects on adjacent habitats are anticipated.
6.5.2
6.5.3
Notable species
Bats On-site 6.5.4 Site clearance would result in the permanent loss of several mature trees that are likely to provide part of a foraging resource/commuting corridor for bats alongside the creek. Lighting, noise and vibration from the works and the demolition of existing above-ground structures could cause disturbance to bats, such as displacement from foraging areas and roost sites.
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The loss of potential bat foraging habitat and disturbance to bats from noise, vibration and lighting may be significant. The significance of effects will be assessed and reported in the ES. Surrounding area Disturbance effects on bats roosting and foraging in adjacent habitat may be significant and will be assessed and reported in the ES. Black redstart On-site
6.5.6
6.5.7
Possible effects on black redstart, if present, include the following: a. Habitat loss on site as a result of construction activities could lead to a reduction in available nesting and foraging habitat for black redstart. The loss of nesting habitat may be significant. The significance of effects will be assessed and reported in the ES. b. Temporary (medium term) adverse disturbance from noise, lighting, vibration and movement of people and machinery during construction to black redstart using the site for nesting and foraging. The significance of effects will be assessed and reported in the ES. Surrounding area
6.5.8
The works may result in temporary (medium term) adverse disturbance from noise, lighting, vibration and movement of people and machinery during construction to black redstart nesting and foraging adjacent to the site. The significance of effects will be assessed and reported in the ES. Breeding birds On-site
6.5.9
Possible effects on breeding birds, if present, include the following: a. Temporary and permanent habitat loss on site as a result of construction activities could lead to a reduction in available nesting and foraging habitat for a range of bird species that are listed on UK and London BAPs. The loss of bird nesting habitat may be significant. The significance of effects will be assessed and reported in the ES. b. Temporary (medium term) adverse disturbance from noise, lighting, vibration and movement of people and machinery during construction to breeding birds using the site trees as nesting and perching habitat, and to birds foraging around the site. Displacement of birds may render a small area of nesting habitat unsuitable to birds. The significance of effects will be assessed and reported in the ES. Surrounding area
6.5.10
The significance of effects on breeding birds in the surrounding area will be assessed and reported in the ES. Wintering birds On-site
6.5.11
Possible effects on wintering birds, if present, include the following
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a. Loss of foreshore may occur as a result of potential works to the river wall (if needed). Foreshore areas provide a foraging resource for populations and assemblages of wildfowl and wading birds. b. Temporary (medium term) adverse disturbance from noise, lighting, vibration and movement of people and machinery during construction to wintering birds using the adjacent intertidal mudflats and shingle beach habitat. 6.5.12 Habitat loss and disturbance effects on wintering birds using the intertidal habitat may be significant and will be assessed and reported in the ES. Surrounding area 6.5.13 Disturbance effects on wintering birds using the adjacent intertidal habitat may be significant and will be assessed and reported in the ES. Reptiles On-site 6.5.14 If reptiles are present, then the works are likely to result in the loss of a very small area of reptile habitat. Construction works could also create a temporary barrier to their movement across the site. The loss of such an area of reptile habitat and the barrier effect caused by construction works is unlikely to be significant (negligible) and the management of any individual reptiles found during works will follow the requirements of the CoCP. Surrounding area 6.5.15 The loss of a small area of reptile habitat on site is unlikely to have a significant effect (negligible) on populations of reptiles within the surrounding area. Invertebrates On-site 6.5.16 Site clearance would result in the loss of a small number of mature trees and understory scrub areas alongside Bell Lane Creek, as well as a strip of adjacent short perennial vegetation, that may provide habitat for a range of invertebrate species. Modifications to the river wall in this area may also result in the loss of invertebrate habitat. The significance of effects will be assessed and reported in the ES. Surrounding area 6.5.17 The significance of effects on invertebrates in the surrounding area will be assessed and reported in the ES. Botanical interest On site 6.5.18 The temporary loss of river wall would result in the loss of any potentially notable botanical communities on the river wall. The significance of the effect on botanical communities on the river wall will be detailed in the ES.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Surrounding area 6.5.19
No botanical communities adjacent to the site are anticipated to be affected by the works.
6.6
6.6.1
Operational assessment
As stated in para. 6.1.3 significant operational effects on terrestrial ecology are not anticipated therefore this has not been assessed.
6.7
6.7.1
The ecological management plan described in the CoCP will include longterm management of habitats and species on site post-construction. It would be prepared following planning approval and prior to commencement of works on site. In addition to measures detailed in the CoCP, the following measures are likely to be required: a. Replacement tree/scrub planting on-site to reconnect the line of vegetation alongside Bell Lane Creek. b. Mitigation for potential effects associated with the presence of bats, black redstarts, wintering birds, breeding birds and river wall flora. c. Disturbance minimisation measures, specific to the site and the faunal species identified during the surveys.
6.7.2
6.8
Assessment summary Construction

Vol 11 Table 6.8.1 Terrestrial ecology construction assessment
Receptor
Significance of effect
Mitigation
Significance of residual effect Unlikely to be significant (negligible)
Habitats Trees Removal of a number of mature trees and pruning of others on site Removal of vegetation on site Loss of very small areas of ruderal vegetation on site Loss of very small areas of Certain local (minor adverse effect) Replacement tree planting
Scrub
Certain local (minor adverse effect) Unlikely to be significant (negligible)
Replacement understorey planting Not required
Unlikely to be significant (negligible) Unlikely to be significant (negligible)
Tall ruderal vegetation
Short perennial
Unlikely to be significant
Not required
Unlikely to be significant
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Receptor Description of effect Significance of effect
Section 6: Ecology - terrestrial Mitigation Significance of residual effect (negligible)
vegetation
short perennial (negligible) vegetation on site
Notable species Bats Loss of Subject to roosting and/or survey results foraging resource on site Disturbance from lighting, noise and vibration to bats on and adjacent to the site. Black redstart Loss of nesting and foraging habitat on site Subject to survey results Subject to survey results Subject to survey results
Subject to survey results
Botanical interest Breeding Birds
Disturbance Subject to from noise and survey results vibration on and adjacent to site Subject to Loss of river wall habitat on survey results site Loss of a small Subject to area of nesting survey results habitat on site Disturbance from lighting, noise and vibration to birds on and adjacent to the site. Subject to survey results
Subject to survey results Subject to survey results Subject to survey results
Subject to survey results Subject to survey results Subject to survey results
Invertebrates
Loss of small area of invertebrate
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Receptor Description of effect habitat on site Reptiles Loss of a small Unlikely to be area of significant (possible) (negligible) reptile habitat on site Unlikely to be Barrier effect significant to the (negligible) (possible) movement of reptiles across the site Subject to Wintering birds Loss of riparian habitat survey results on site and intertidal habitat adjacent to the site Disturbance from lighting, noise and vibration on wintering birds adjacent to the site. Subject to survey results Significance of effect
Section 6: Ecology - terrestrial Mitigation Significance of residual effect Unlikely to be significant (negligible)
Not required
Not required
Unlikely to be significant (negligible)
6.9
6.9.1
Bats, breeding and wintering birds, black redstart, invertebrates, invasive plants and botanical surveys are ongoing in 2011 and 2012 as summarised in Vol 11 Table 6.3.1. The data from these surveys will be used to inform the ES and further evaluation of effects on ecological receptors will be undertaken. Where required, appropriate mitigation to avoid or minimise impacts to terrestrial ecological receptors will be developed in consultation with stakeholders and a final assessment will be made of the significance of any residual effects to ecological receptors in the ES. Consideration will be given to biodiversity enhancement measures in consultation with stakeholders. Where necessary, these mitigation and enhancement measures will be embedded in the project design.
6.9.2
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Section 7: Historic environment
7
7.1
7.1.1
Historic environment
Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant effects on heritage assets at the Dormay Street site. These are aspects of the historic environment which are considered to be significant because of their historical, evidential, aesthetic or communal interest (these terms are defined in Volume 5). These might comprise below or above ground archaeological remains, buildings, structures, monuments or heritage landscapes within or around the site 15. The section should be read in conjunction with Volume 6, which sets the site in its broad topographic, geological, archaeological and historical context and discusses the project-wide landscape and topic themes in respect of the historic environment. These themes are summarised in this section, where they are relevant to the site.
7.1.2
7.2
7.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to the historic environment are as follows.
Construction
7.2.2 Those aspects of specific relevance to the historic environment assessment, since they could lead to effects on heritage assets, are as follows: a. Enabling works will require the construction of boundary hoarding; demolition of all buildings within the site; river piling for temporary bridge support over Bell Lane Creek; potential piling for the strengthening of the existing river wall on the south side of Bell Lane Creek; construction of storage, office and welfare facilities and the diversion of existing services. b. Permanent works comprise the construction of a CSO drop shaft; an interception chamber; connection culvert; valve chamber, ventilation duct, control cabinet and ventilation structures. 7.2.3 Measures incorporated into the draft CoCP to reduce impacts on the historic environment include protective measures where appropriate such as temporary support, hoardings, barriers and screening around heritage assets within and adjacent to work sites, and advance planning of plant and working methods for use where heritage assets are close to work sites, or attached to structures within work sites. The CoCP also includes provisions for the contractor to prepare a site specific Heritage Management Plan.
Operation
7.2.4 The proposed operation of the infrastructure at Dormay Street is described in Volume 3. The particular components that are relevant to the assessment, in terms of indirect effects on the historic setting of heritage
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assets, comprise the permanent structures visible above ground, in the form the ventilation structure, a ventilation column, and control cabinet.
7.3
7.3.1

Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. There were no site specific comments from consultees for this particular site. It should also be noted that Volume 5 details the approach to the assessment of effects on the historic setting of heritage assets which it has been agreed, following the formal scoping process, will be covered in the assessment of construction and operational effects. This assessment will be completed for the final ES
7.3.2
Baseline
7.3.3 The baseline methodology follows that set out in Volume 5, with a key component being a desk based assessment, consulting a broad range of archaeological, documentary and cartographic sources, along with a site walkover survey. The results of geotechnical investigations, some of which were archaeologically monitored, have also been incorporated. The 300m-radius study area used for the assessment is considered through professional judgement to be most appropriate to characterise the historic environment potential of the site. There are occasional references to assets beyond the study area where appropriate, for example, where such assets are particularly important and/or where they contribute to current understanding of the site and its environs.
7.3.4
Construction
7.3.5 7.3.6 The construction phase methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. Any site specific variations are described below. Likely significant effects on the historic environment could arise throughout the five year construction phase from activities likely to remove, disturb or alter above ground or buried heritage assets, as a result of enabling or construction works. The methodology is based on an understanding of the nature and extent of proposed ground disturbance, in relation to known or potential heritage assets. The base case (future baseline) during the construction phase will be the same as at present for buried heritage assets. Archaeological remains are a static resource, which have reached equilibrium with their environment and do not change (ie, decay or grow) unless their environment changes as a result of human or natural intervention. No direct changes in the condition of above ground heritage assets are anticipated for the assessment phase. Neither are any indirect changes to the setting of heritage assets anticipated as a result of other developments on or close to the site (as detailed in Section 3.4.1).
7.3.7
7.3.8
7.3.9
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Operation
7.3.10 7.3.11 7.3.12 The operational phase methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. Any site specific variations are described below. The operational phase assessment will be undertaken for Year 1 of operation (2020). The base case (future baseline) during the assessment year will be the same as at present for historic assets present and their condition. As noted above no indirect changes to the setting of heritage assets from other developments on or close to the site are anticipated.

7.3.13 Volume 5: Methodology sets out the generic assumptions and limitations of the assessment. In summary, the main limitation is the nature of the archaeological resource (buried and not visible) and acknowledgement of the difficulty of attempting to predict the presence/extent, date, nature, survival and significance of possible, previously unrecorded, buried heritage assets, based on a desk based study and site visit. In particular, no intrusive archaeological investigation has been carried out on the site in the past and few investigations have been carried out in the study area around the site. Notwithstanding this limitation, the assessment presented here is robust, based on reasonably available information, and conforms to the requirements of local and national guidance and planning policy (as detailed in Volume 5). Typically, appropriate standard archaeological prospection and evaluation techniques are utilised post-consent to reduce the uncertainties inherent in any desk based study, as part of an overall EIA mitigation strategy (for the proposed mitigation at this site see Section 7.7 below).
7.3.14
7.4
7.4.1
Baseline conditions
The following description of baseline conditions comprises seven subsections which set out: a. A description of historic environment features, with an introduction to the features map (which shows the location of known historic environment features within the 300m-radius study area around the site) and the study area; b. A description of statutorily and locally designated assets within the site and its vicinity (ie, within a 100m-radius of the site); c. A description of the site location, topography and geology to set the context of the site;
d. A summary of past archaeological investigation within the study area, providing an indication of how well the area is understood archaeologically. e. A summary of the archaeological and historical background which sets out what is known about the site and its environs.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street f.
A statement of significance for above ground assets within and around the site, describing the features which contribute to their significance.
g. A discussion of potential for buried heritage assets, taking account of factors affecting survival, and a statement of their potential significance. 7.4.2 A site visit was carried out by MOLA Historic Buildings and EIA specialists on 31st March 2011. The site was viewed from the river pathway to the east and Dormay Street to the south of the site. The area surrounding the site was also inspected. This highlighted a cluster of historic buildings to the south of the site, on the corner of Dormay Street and Armoury Way. Of particular interest is The Armoury, a public house (previously known as the Crane) (HEA 21), and noted in the Wandsworth Town Conservation Area appraisal (Draft) as a building worth considering for local listing. A length of yellowstock brick boundary wall (HEA 22) was identified running along the eastern boundary of the site and a post-medieval bargebed was seen in Bell Lane Creek (HEA 23). A cobbled stretch of street was identified located along the river pathway, to the northeast of Dormay Street (HEA 24).
Historic environment features

7.4.3 The historic environment features map (Vol 11 Figure 7.5.1) shows the location of known historic environment features within the 300m-radius study area around the site, compiled from the baseline sources set out in the topic specific methodology in Volume 5. These historic environment features have been allocated a unique historic environment asset reference number (HEA 1, 2, etc), which is listed in the gazetteer in Appendix A.4. Vol 11 Figure 7.4.1 Historic environment features map (see Volume 11 Figures document) 7.4.4 Where there are a considerable number of listed buildings in the study area, only those within the vicinity of the site (ie, within a 100m-radius) are included on the map and in the gazetteer. The study area for assessing setting effects on heritage assets may be revised because setting effects are most likely to occur within the visual envelope of the site, which may differ from the study area defined for the purposes of this assessment.
Designated assets
Statutory designations 7.4.5 The site does not contain any nationally designated (protected) heritage assets, such as scheduled monuments, listed buildings or registered parks and gardens. The grade II listed early 18th-century Wentworth House with forecourt wall, gate and gate piers (HEA 3) lies approximately 40m to the south of the site. Local authority designations 7.4.6 The site lies in the Archaeological Priority Area which covers the River Thames and River Wandle floodplains. These areas are considered to
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have a high potential for palaeoenvironmental remains, and contain historic settlement areas on the gravel terraces adjacent to the floodplains. The site does not lie within a conservation area. Known burial grounds 7.4.7 There are no known burial grounds within the site or adjacent to it. The nearest burial ground is the Church of All Saints cemetery (HEA 15), approximately 210m to the south of the site.
Site location, topography and geology

Site location 7.4.8 The site is bounded by a vehicle storage area to the north, The Causeway to the east, low rise industrial buildings to the south and the Frogmore Industrial Complex to the west. Bell Lane Creek runs through the middle of the site on an east-west alignment, while the Wandle River lies approximately 20m to the east. The Wandle is a tributary of the River Thames, which flows 300m to the north of the site. Topography 7.4.9 The southern part of the site, south of Bell Lane Creek is relatively flat with a slight rise up from south to north, from 104.1 ATD (above Tunnel Datum; the equivalent of 4.1m Ordnance Datum) along Dormay Street to 107.4m ATD beside the creek. The site walkover survey noted that the land north of the creek was flat and the ground levels similar to the south side of the creek. There is a drop of around 3.0m down to the foreshore of the creek. Geology 7.4.10 The site is situated in an area of alluvial deposits overlying sand and gravel deposits associated with the River Wandle (British Geological Survey digital data). The Wandle is a major tributary of the Thames and flows south to north, with the confluence of the two rivers 350m to the north of the site. The site is situated slightly east of the centre of the floodplain. The Kempton Park gravel terrace forms the Wandle valley sides, 70m to the east and 140m to the west of the site (British Geological Survey solid and drift geology, map sheet 270). British Geological Survey boreholes are sparse in the area, with 11 boreholes within 300m of the site. The borehole logs are generally modern and detailed. There is one borehole record within the site (SA1105), in the northern part. This recorded the top of the underlying gravels at 100.5m ATD overlain by organic alluvial clays (with root traces) to 101.2m ATD followed by peats to 101.8m ATD. Over these sediments there is 3.4m thickness of made ground, to 105.2m ATD. The borehole indicates the site is situated over an area that was once one of migrating channels of the Wandle. A geoarchaeological investigation on the floodplain 80m to the west of the site, has found similar alluvial deposits. These had been deposited by the river over the last 2,300 years, from the late Neolithic to post-medieval period (HEA 2). Significantly, the Neolithic sees a change in land use by prehistoric peoples from hunter-gathers to farmers and consequently,
7.4.11
7.4.12
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vegetation clearance and cereal production. Pollen analysis indicates the area to be predominantly marshy, it confirms anthropogenic disturbance in the wider area with the occurrence of cereal pollen and herbs associated with local arable agriculture. Diatom analysis showed a freshwater environment developing into a brackish water environment over time as rising sea levels brought the tidal head of the Thames further upriver. The sedimentary record also revealed evidence of industrial dyeing with some very brightly coloured sediments relating to a time when the Wandle supported textile industries during the post-medieval period. The borehole within the site (no. SA1105) indicates the site area contains sediments which are important for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction as they are indicative of the water salinity and flow, vegetational history and for establishing a timeframe through radiocarbon dating.
Past archaeological investigations within the study area

7.4.13 No archaeological investigations have been carried out in the site in the past. There have been seven archaeological investigations within the study area. These have revealed multi-period remains. The nearest archaeological investigation to the site was in 2004 at the Frogmore Depot (HEA 2), approximately 80m to the west of the site. This recorded organic silts overlaid by clays, dating from 2300 BC AD 1150 (Late Neolithic to medieval periods). Pollen analysis found grass, marshland plants and evidence of nearby cereal production. Diatom analysis provided clear indications of the changing environment along the River Wandle, including the increasing influence of the Thames. Investigations on the gravel terrace on both sides of the Wandle valley have revealed prehistoric activity. Approximately 210m to the east Neolithic or Bronze Age activity in the form of pits and ditches was recorded (HEA 9), whilst Mesolithic or Neolithic features with struck flint was recorded approximately 200m to the west (HEA 17). Other surveys have revealed mostly post-medieval remains, 80m to the west (HEA 2); 180m to the south (HEA 6); 210m to the east (HEA 9); 200m to the south (HEA 10); 225m to the southwest (HEA 16); 200m to the west (HEA 17); and 240m to the northwest (HEA 18) of the site. The results of these investigations, along with other known sites and finds within the study area, are discussed by period, below.
7.4.14
7.4.15
7.4.16
Archaeological and historical background of the site

7.4.17 The following section presents a chronological summary of the archaeological and historical background of the site, drawing on the information collated above. Prehistoric period (700,000 BCAD 43) 7.4.18 During the early prehistoric, the River Wandle comprised a braided river, with channels spanning the current floodplain. The site, located close to the modern channel of the Thames and the Wandle, would have been within an area which may have comprised marsh, dry land and river channel at different times (the prehistoric landscape of marshes and river channels is a project-wide theme and is discussed in the route overview,
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Volume 6). The geological evidence from the site indicates that the area was generally subject to flooding. 7.4.19 The Mesolithic hunter-gather communities of the postglacial period (10,0004000 BC) inhabited a still largely wooded environment. The river Wandle would have provided a predictable source of food (from hunting and fishing) and water, as well as a means of transport and communication. Evidence of activity is characterised by flint tools rather than structural remains. A Mesolithic flake or blade was found by chance approximately 220m to the northeast of the site (HEA 8). Sea levels gradually rose and the area would have been increasingly subject to flooding and alluvial sedimentation. At Frogmore Depot (HEA 2), approximately 80m to the west of the site, evidence indicated that the area around the site was marshy and prone to flooding by the Neolithic. Further evidence of a marshy environment was recorded at Osiers Road (HEA 18), approximately 240m to the northwest of the site. The borehole data from the site itself suggests that the site was partially or wholly within one of the channels of the Wandle during the later prehistoric, although the alignment of the channel may have changed and may not have included the whole site. Prehistoric settlement would have been on the higher, drier gravel terraces on either side of the valley. At the Ferrier Industrial Estate (HEA 9), approximately 210m to the east of the site, prehistoric features in the form of at least five pits and several ditches were found to cut into the natural geology. These features included fragments of Neolithic to Bronze Age pottery as well as struck flint fragments. An archaeological evaluation at 6684 Putney Bridge Road (HEA 17), approximately 200 to the west of the site and on the other side of the valley, unearthed a disturbed prehistoric flint scatter. Although settlement within the site is unlikely, due to the marshy environment, the natural resources of the marshes would have been exploited, as a source of food, transport and raw materials. In wetland areas wooden trackways were sometimes constructed to provide access to gravel islands on the floodplain, and/or areas of activity. Water was associated with certain religious or votive practices and trackways and wooden structures can also be associated with ritual deposits of metals and other objects. The Greater London Historic Environment Record (GLHER) notes the chance find of a Neolithic or Bronze Age palstave (bronze axe) from the River Wandle just outside the site (HEA 1); a group of Neolithic flint tools (HEA 4), found approximately 40m to the west, and an Iron Age blade 240m to the south of the site (HEA 13). Roman period (AD 43410) 7.4.23 The site lay c. 8.8km to the southwest of the Roman town of Londinium, which grew up in the mid 1st century AD in the area of the City of London. The relationship of London to settlements in its hinterland was symbiotic. Small, nucleated settlements, typically located along the major roads leading to the capital, acted both as markets and as producers to the capital16.
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Although no evidence of Roman settlement has been found at Wandsworth, it has been suggested that the High Street, 240m to the south of the site, originally followed the line of an east-west Roman road that branched off Stane Street Roman road in the area of Clapham 17, and there is evidence for an east-west road through Mortlake and Putney to the west, which may have formed part of the same road 18. The road, and its crossing of the Wandle, is likely to have attracted settlement and other activity. Despite the presence of the possible road and suitable topographical and geological conditions, evidence of Roman activity in Wandsworth has been elusive to date and is limited to a small number of isolated findspots of Roman objects largely found by chance. Evidence of Roman activity in the study area around the site comprises only isolated chance finds recorded on the GLHER, in the form of an early Romano British coin and fragments of pottery (HEA 7), found 190m to the south of the site; and a possible Roman bronze knife and a Roman hoe found 250m to the south (HEA 13). The position of the site within the Wandle floodplain suggests that it was still marsh and prone to flooding, and evidence of the wetland environment was found during archaeological investigations at Osiers Road (HEA 18), 240m to the northwest of the site. By this time, the Wandle had probably largely developed into a single channel river. Parts of the marshes were possibly exploited for a number of resources, and the periphery of the floodplain may have been cleared and used as grazing particularly during the summer months. Early medieval (Saxon) period (AD 4101066) Wandsworth (Wendleswurthe - Wendels farm) is first mentioned in AD 693 when it is referred to as a single large estate, granted to the nuns of Barking Abbey, and covering much of the area of modern Battersea and Wandsworth 19. It reverted back to the Crown following the destruction of the Abbey by the Danes 20, and Domesday Book (1086) records that the manor (estate) of Wandsworth was held by Edward the Confessor prior to the Conquest (1066). At that time it was occupied by six freemen tenants farming land with a considerable amount of meadowland 21. The exact location of settlement within the manor of Wandsworth is not known, but it is possible that the main focus developed in the vicinity of a bridge over the Wandle, approximately 300m to the south of the site. It is believed that the mid-16th century bridge, at this location, was built on the site of an earlier bridge. No evidence of early medieval activity or occupation has been recorded within the study area. In all likelihood the site was located in marshland outside the main settlement, and was possibly used for rough pasture. Later medieval period (AD 10661485) Although Wandsworth was included in the entry for Battersea manor within Domesday Book, the reference to the berewick (outlying part of an estate) of Wandsworth in Williams grant to the Abbey suggests that at this time it was a distinct place. The Wandsworth berewick was administered from Savage Farm, which stood just north of Wandsworths medieval
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7.4.26
7.4.27
7.4.28
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church 22. This church stood on the site of the current 17th/18th-century All Saints Church (HEA 14), 200m to the south of the site 23. Wandsworth grew up as a roadside settlement along the east-west road from South London into Surrey, beside the church and bridge crossing of the River Wandle, approximately 300m to the south of the site. Until the 19th century the High Street bridge, which is known to have existed before 1539, was the only bridge across the river. Land to the north, beside the Wandles mouth, would have been a marshy area 24. The archaeological evaluation at the Frogmore Depot (HEA 2), 80m to the west of the site suggest that the area around the site was still prone to flooding during this period. 7.4.30 Domesday Book records 13 mills along the River Wandle, seven of which fell within the manor of Wandsworth, indicating the economic importance of the river. The fast-flow and the reported cleanness of the River Wandle was exploited for a number of industries including fishing, bleaching and hat making, known to have been carried out in the area as early as the 13th century 25. There is no evidence to suggest that there was a mill within the site. An archaeological evaluation at 6684 Putney Bridge Road (HEA 17), 200m to the west of the site, recorded fragments of medieval pottery and evidence of agricultural activity. Medieval pottery within a channel was uncovered during an archaeological watching brief and excavation at Osiers Road (HEA 18), 240m to the northwest of the site. The GLHER records the chance find of a medieval dagger and medieval part of a horses bridle, 250m to the south of the site (HEA 13). Parts of the floodplain were probably drained and reclaimed piecemeal during this period. The lack of finds and the distance from the High Street and the bridge crossing, suggests that the site lay some distance outside the village, probably in meadow/pasture. Post-medieval period (AD 1485present) 7.4.33 Documentary evidence suggests that a stone bridge across the River Wandle existed on the site of the present bridge, prior to 1569 26, and this was confirmed when remains of a 16th-century bridge abutment were recorded during an archaeological watching brief. Savage Farm, the bridge and the church formed the focus of the settlement, approximately 300m to the south of the site. The site lay outside the settlement, probably on reclaimed land beside the River Wandle, the course of which was altered throughout this, and earlier, periods. The main channel effectively became a succession of level pools between mills, and originally occupied more of central Wandsworth than the present channel 27. Rocques map of 1746 (Appendix A) is small scale but shows the general topography and the location of the main settlement and roads. It is difficult to locate the site accurately as the area has subsequently changed considerably. The site appears to lie in pasture west of the River Wandle, possibly with one or more industrial buildings within the site. The map shows the main settlement of Wandsworth to the south, stretched out
7.4.31
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along the High Street. The River Wandle comprises several main channels. 7.4.36 Stanfords map of 1862 (Appendix A) shows the increasing urbanisation of the area, with further development extending out from the town centre along both banks of the Wandle, and further industrial activity north-south along the sides of the Wandle. Much of the growth would have been brought about by the coming of the railways. The Richmond and Windsor branch of the London and South Western Railway, built by 1848, is shown just north of the site and is still extant. This map shows extensive osier beds (for growing a kind of willow used in basket making) in the northern part of the site, north of Bell Lane Creek. The southern part of the site has several buildings and yards, probably of an industrial nature, along the south side of the creek. The Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25:mile map of 186295 (Appendix A) is a detailed map that shows the buildings in the southern half of the site. These comprised three large industrial warehouses, open yards, and two circular Maltkilns and Pumps adjoining the south side of the central building. The business would have made use of the water from the creek in industrial processes and also for transportation. Two small inlets/wharfs off the main Bell Lane Creek are also shown within the site. The westernmost extent of the site includes two other linear warehouses and the creek itself. The map shows the northern part of the site as undeveloped land. The Ordnance Survey 2nd edition 25:mile map of 18968 (Appendix A) shows little change within the site and the immediate vicinity, although the former maltings are labelled Wandsworth Royal Laundry indicating a change in use, and a small annex has been added at the eastern end of the building in the eastern part of the site. The Ordnance Survey 3rd edition 25:mile map of 190920 (not reproduced) shows no change other than the demolition of the building(s) in the western part of the site. The Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 scale map of 19628 (Appendix A) show that the earlier buildings which lay in the southern part of the site had been demolished and replaced with three buildings. The western building lies in the vicinity of the western branch of the Bell Lane Creek, which had now been filled in. This building is probably that which currently still exists within the site. The northern part of the site is shown as open land and is unchanged. The current site 7.4.40 The northern part of the site comprises an area of hardstanding surrounded by security fencing and is currently used as storage for recycling vehicles (Appendix A2 Photograph A2.1). The western half of the southern part of the site comprises the Frogmore Industrial Complex which is used for car parking and as a coach depot. This part of the site also contains a coach shed which fronts onto the creek. The eastern part of the southern half of the site, which contains storage warehouses constructed of corrugated iron and storage facilities, is occupied by Keltbray Ltd.
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Statement of significance: above ground heritage assets

Introduction 7.4.41 In accordance with the national policy set out in PPS5, the following section provides a statement based on professional and expert judgement on the likely significance (which is a reflection of the value or importance) of heritage assets, derived from the perceived historical, evidential, aesthetic and communal value. These terms are defined in Volume 5. Within the site 7.4.42 The eastern part of the site is bounded a yellowstock brick wall, formed in Flemish bond, and capped with sandstone (HEA 22). It is topped with a series of Lshaped stanchions at a 45 degree angle and threaded with barbed wire (Appendix A2 Photograph A2.2). There appear to have been a number of repairs, repointing and alterations to the wall. It is assumed that this wall relates to the development of the site during the mid 19th century, as seen in the 1862 map. Based on its likely historical value as an integral part of the industrial heritage landscape of the area, the wall is considered to be of low significance. The south side of Bell Lane Creek has evidence of a timber revetment retaining rounded boulders and dumped materials. The eastern part of the revetment is covered by a layer of concrete (Appendix A2 Photograph A2.3). This is probably an old barge bed (HEA 23). Such barge beds are common along the foreshore of industrial rivers and were constructed using a layer of chalk sometimes, as in this case, held back by a timber revetment. Bargebeds were designed to prevent barges from getting beached or stuck on the river mud banks. The timber revetment structure is a reminder of the River Wandles industrial past/use and is one of the few remaining markers of the industrial heritage of the river in the area. The significance of the barge bed is medium, in light of its historic and evidential value. Within the study area 7.4.44 Immediately to the south of the site lies the Wandsworth Town Conservation Area. This covers a substantial area to the south of Armoury Way, and the triangular shaped area to the north of Armoury Way, between Dormay Street to the west and the River Wandle to the east. The conservation area is considered to be a heritage asset of high significance. The statutorily designated Grade II Wentworth House with forecourt wall, gate and gatepiers (HEA 3) is located 40m to the south of the site, within the Wandsworth Town Conservation Area. It is nestled between industrial buildings (Appendix A2 Photograph A2.4). Dated to the early 18th century, this compact twostorey residence is formed of brown brick in Flemish bond. The building is slightly set back from the street frontage, with a forecourt wall, Flemish bond, gates and gate piers. To the north, the building is of two stories of yellow stock brick with segmental-headed arched fenestration. It has undergone some modernisation in the last 20 years, but probably dates to the early to mid 19th century. To the south is a further, modern industrial structure with a newly rendered boundary wall,
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which breaks up the street frontage and impacts upon the historic setting of Wentworth House. However, the conservation area appraisal notes that the grouping of residential structures with industrial buildings is typical of the area and characterises much of the Wandsworth Town Conservation Area. As a residential building set amongst industrial buildings, Wentworth House reflects this characteristic. For this reason, as well as its aesthetic and communal value, Wentworth House is considered a heritage asset of high significance. 7.4.46 At the corner of Dormay Street and Armoury Way, 70m to the south of the site, is The Armoury public house (HEA 21). The Conservation Area Appraisal describes it as a building which should be considered for local listed listing (Appendix A2 Photograph A2.5). It forms part of a group of buildings located on the corner of Armoury Way and Dormay Street and contributes to the character of the group as a whole (Appendix A2 Photograph A2.6). It is of high aesthetic value and is considered to be a heritage asset of medium significance. A small patch of cobbled surface of granite sets (HEA 24), is situated along the river pathway to the south of the site and east of Dormay Street (Appendix A2 Photograph A2.7). This is most likely remnants of the industrial area of the Wandle riverside and the industrial buildings which were once located here. It contributes to the industrial character of the area and probably dates to around the mid 19th century. It is of low significance, as derived from its aesthetic, evidential and historical value. Given the low value of this asset and the fact that there would be no direct effect on it, it is not considered further in the assessment.
7.4.47
Statement of significance: buried heritage assets on the site

Introduction 7.4.48 The following section discusses past impacts on the site which are likely to have compromised asset survival (generally from late 19th and 20th century developments, eg, building foundations or quarrying), identified primarily from historic maps, the site walkover survey, and information on the likely depth of deposits. In accordance with PPS5, this is followed by a statement on the likely potential for and significance of buried heritage assets within the site, derived from current understanding of the baseline conditions, past impacts, and professional judgement. Factors affecting survival 7.4.50 Archaeological survival potential across the site is likely to vary. The greatest potential for archaeological remains is to the northern half of the site, north of the creek, as historic maps show no building development here. The survival of archaeological remains in the southern half of the site is likely to be more localised. Remains within and beneath any deep alluvial deposits within the northern and southern parts of the site, and at the alluvial/gravel interface, (ie, palaeoenvironmental, prehistoric) have a greater survival potential. Later remains will have seen disturbance from
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building development from the late 19th century onwards, with probably localised rather than extensive survival. 7.4.51 Based on the evidence of the available borehole data there is potentially up to 4.7m of archaeological sequence (ie, chronologically arranged layers, or contexts of archaeological material, such as dump layers, pits or ditches, masonry or timber). The top 3.4m of this is made ground, which may be modern or contain archaeological remains of the postmedieval period. The earliest deposits (such as prehistoric remains) would potentially be found within the alluvium and at the interface between the alluvial clay and the gravel, approximately 4.7m below ground level (mbgl). The main factor in the southern half of the site which could have affected survival is the excavation works associated with two wharves/inlets in the central and western parts of the southern half of the site in the mid to late19th century. It is likely that these would have probably completely removed any earlier archaeological remains from within the footprint of each inlet. Although excavation for the inlets represents an impact, any surviving elements of the structures themselves (eg, riverwalls and associated features and deposits) would potentially be of archaeological interest. The small size of the existing modern buildings suggests that they probably have strip footings or concrete raft foundations rather than piles. It is not known whether they have basements but it is considered unlikely. The strip footings might extend to a depth of 1.5m, the raft to 0.5m. This would have extended into the made ground on the site, but would not have penetrated the underlying alluvium. The nature of the made ground is not known. The upper part may be modern; the lower part might contain postmedieval archaeological remains. Modern foundations may therefore have locally truncated surviving buried remains of 19th-century and earlier post-medieval buildings but would not have had an impact on earlier, deeper remains within the alluvium (ie medieval and earlier). It is likely that the site contains services and drainage trenches, up to 1.0 1.5m deep (potentially as deep as 2.0m for sewer trenches). These would have had a similar impact to the modern footings, described above. Asset potential and significance 7.4.55 The following statement of asset significance takes into account the levels of natural geology at the site and the level and nature of disturbance and truncation. Palaeo-environment 7.4.56 The site has high potential to contain palaeoenvironmental remains. The deposits recorded across the site form part of the floodplain sequence which is archaeologically well understood in this area of the Thames, and elsewhere have been shown to hold a record of environmental change and the evolving floodplain geomorphology stretching back to the Late Glacial period. Peat deposits have the potential to preserve a range of palaeoenvironmental proxy indicators (pollen, plant macro fossils), which if present can be utilised to reconstruct the past palaeoecology of the
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floodplain and environments within which prehistoric occupation occurred. Any fluvial and estuarine deposits also have the potential to preserve palaeoenvironmental remains (ostracods, foraminifera, diatoms) which can be utilised to reconstruct the past fluvial regimes and indicate the onset of tidal inundations and the transition to an estuarine river environment. The significance of any such remains based on their evidential value would be low or medium. Prehistoric 7.4.57 The site has a high potential for archaeological remains dating to the prehistoric period. A number of prehistoric artefacts have been recorded within the study area, with evidence of prehistoric occupation on both sides of the Wandle valley. The geological borehole results and evidence from archaeological investigations suggest that much of the floodplain surrounding the site was prone to flooding. It is unlikely that the site itself was settled, but the marshlands were probably exploited for a number of predictable resources throughout this period, which may have left archaeological evidence. Timber trackways, used to traverse the marshes, and boats, may potentially be preserved within the underlying alluvial and peat deposits. Such remains provide a unique insight into prehistoric marshland activities and would be considered to be of high significance due to their evidential value. Such remains are relatively rare and the site is most likely to contain isolated or redeposited prehistoric finds. Isolated finds would be of low evidential value and considered to be of low significance. Roman 7.4.58 The site has a low potential for archaeological remains dating to the Roman period. Wandsworth High Street, 240m to the south of the site, may originally have followed the line of an east-west Roman road. There may have been a small settlement where it crossed the Wandle, although the archaeological evidence of such has been elusive to date. Evidence of Roman activity in the study area around the site comprises only isolated chance finds. The site would have been marshland and prone to flooding. Parts of the marshes were possibly exploited for a number of resources. The potential of the site is for isolated finds, of low significance, due to their low evidential value. Early medieval 7.4.59 The site has a low potential for archaeological remains dating to the early medieval period. The early medieval settlement of Wandsworth is thought to have been located 300m to the south of the site. The site was probably located within marshland during this period, and possibly used for rough grazing land. Isolated or agricultural remains would be of low significance, due to their low evidential value. Later medieval 7.4.60 The site has a moderate potential for archaeological remains dating to the later medieval period. The medieval settlement of Wandsworth lay 300m to the south of the site. The site would have been outside the settlement, but during this period a number of industries grew up along the channels
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of the Wandle, exploiting the fast flow of the water. Parts of the marshland were probably drained and reclaimed, with drainage ditches and river embankments. The site has moderate potential evidence of reclamation and riverside features (ie, ditches, revetments, boats, wharves etc). The significance of such features depends on their type and level of survival, but they are most likely to be of either low or medium significance based on their possible historical and evidential value. Post-medieval 7.4.61 The site has a high potential for archaeological remains dating to the postmedieval period. There may have been buildings on the site as early as the mid-18th century, as a number of industries grew up along the creek. By the mid-19th century three large industrial buildings and malt kilns had been built within the southern half of the site, which later became the Wandsworth Royal Laundry. These buildings were demolished around the beginning of the 20th century, but footings may survive, along with yard surfaces and remains of industrial processes. Based on their historical and evidential value, such remains would potentially be of low significance.
Summary of asset significance

7.4.62 The table below provides a summary of the known or likely historic environment assets relevant to the proposed scheme. Vol 11 Table 7.4.1 Historic environment receptors Receptor (Asset) 19th century barge bed within Bell Lane Creek 19th century boundary wall potentially related to the industrial development of the area Wandsworth Town Conservation Area Grade II listed Wentworth House The Armoury (formerly the Crane Public House) (being considered for local listing) High potential for palaeoenvironmental remains Asset type Above ground/ within the site Above ground/ within the site Significance (value) Medium Low
Above ground/ outside the site Above ground/ outside the site Above ground/ outside the site
High High Medium
Buried/ within the site
Low or medium
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Receptor (Asset) High potential for prehistoric remains
Section 7: Historic environment Asset type Buried/ within the site Significance (value) High (timber trackways, boats); Low (isolated or redeposited finds) Low
Low potential for Roman isolated or redeposited artefacts Low potential for early medieval isolated or agricultural remains Moderate potential for later medieval riverside/ reclamation features High potential for postmedieval 18th and 19th century industrial buildings
Buried/ within the site Buried/within the site Buried/within the site Buried/within the site
Low
Low or medium (depending on nature and preservation) Low
7.5
Construction assessment Above ground heritage assets

Within the site
7.5.1
Enabling works would give rise to an impact from the piling for the temporary bridge over the Bell Lane Creek. If located over the 19th century bargebed, the piles would locally remove the structure within the footprint of each pile. If the piling layout is particularly dense, this would fragment the surviving remains, making them incomprehensible in terms of any future investigation. In the worst case the significance of the assets could be reduced to negligible and this would comprise a high impact on this asset of medium significance. As a result the impact would give rise to a moderate adverse effect. The 19th century boundary wall which lies within the southeastern part of the site, of low heritage asset significance, would not be impacted by the construction works and the effect on asset significance would be negligible. Within the study area The assessment of effects upon the historic setting of surrounding designated/protected heritage assets within the study area, including Wandsworth Town Conservation Area and Grade II listed Wentworth House, for example from the visual presence of construction machinery, requires further consideration and will be completed for the ES. This assessment is distinct from the assessment of effects on townscape character areas presented in Section 11, as it is based on criteria specific to the historic environment. The study area for assessing setting effects
7.5.2
7.5.3
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on heritage assets may be revised because historic setting effects are most likely to occur within the visual envelope of the site, which may differ from the study area defined for the purposes of this assessment. 7.5.4 The effects of other construction phase activities on particularly significant assets (ie, statutorily designated/protected features) on or adjacent to the site, will also be assessed in the ongoing EIA for presentation in the ES. Construction impacts which may affect the setting of such assets might include vibration from piling, dust and disturbance from the movement of heavy goods vehicles.
Buried heritage assets

Enabling works 7.5.5 The predicted impact of each element of the enabling works is set out below: a. The construction of the works compound is likely to entail demolition of existing buildings and preliminary site stripping, assumed for the purposes of this assessment to extend to a depth of up to 0.2mbgl. Site fencing will be erected, supported by timber posts in concrete foundations. Office, storage and welfare facilities will be constructed upon pad foundations up to approximately 1.0mbgl, as assumed for the purposes of this assessment. b. The enabling works would also entail new service connections approximately 1.02.0m deep, as assumed for the purposes of this assessment. These works would potentially locally truncate archaeological remains 7.5.6 Only archaeological remains located at the top of the archaeological sequence (ie, at the top of the made ground) are likely to be affected by the above works. They would have a localised impact on any archaeological remains within the made ground, which would comprise post-medieval remains of low asset significance. Local truncation by the proposed works would locally reduce the significance of the asset to negligible and comprise a medium magnitude of impact. Given the low significance of these assets, this would result in a minor adverse effect. If the made ground is entirely modern, there would be no impact upon archaeological remains. River piling for the temporary bridge of the Bell Lane Creek and possible piling to strengthen the existing river wall on the southern side of Bell Lane Creek would also have an impact upon archaeological remains. All archaeological remains (post-medieval through to prehistoric) would be removed from within the footprint of each pile. The density of the piles is unknown, but a dense piling layout would render surviving archaeological remains between the piles incomprehensible in terms of future analysis. This would reduce the significance of any affect assets to negligible and result in a high magnitude of impact. The environmental effect would depend on the original significance of the individual assets concerned: a. There is a high potential for palaeoenvironmental remains of low to medium asset significance. As palaeoenvironmental remains are
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likely to be extensive across the site, their localised removal by the piled bridge would comprise a minor adverse effect. b. There is a high potential for prehistoric remains. These are most likely to comprise isolated artefacts of low asset significance, the removal of which would comprise a minor adverse effect. In the event that high significance trackways or boats were present, their removal would constitute a major adverse effect. c. There is a low potential for Roman remains, which are most likely to comprise isolated artefacts of low asset significance. The removal of these remains would comprise a minor adverse effect.
d. There is a low potential for medieval isolated or agricultural remains of low asset significance. The removal of these remains would comprise a minor adverse effect. e. There is a moderate potential for later medieval riverside or reclamation features of low to medium asset significance. The high magnitude of impact resulting from their removal would comprise an minor or moderate adverse effect. Construction works 7.5.8 During the main construction works any archaeological remains would be completely removed from within the footprint of the CSO drop shaft. This would potentially have a high magnitude of impact. The affected assets and the significance of effect are the same as those described for the temporary works in para. 7.5.7 above. Post-medieval remains of low significance would also potentially be removed by the CSO drop shaft, which would constitute a high magnitude of impact and result in a minor adverse effect. Within the footprint of the interception chamber, ventilation structures, valve chamber, kiosk foundations and crane base, any archaeological remains present above the formation level of the works would be removed, reducing the significance of any affected assets present here to negligible. If these structures are deep enough to penetrate beneath the made ground and into underlying deposits, they would have a high magnitude of impact on the remains as detailed in para. 7.5.7. These structures would also have a high magnitude on impact on post-medieval remains of low asset significance within the made ground, resulting in a minor adverse effect on these assets.
7.5.9
7.5.10
Significance of environmental effects

7.5.11 The table below summarises the magnitude of impact upon known and possible historic environment assets at the site (above ground and buried), during the construction phase, and the resulting environmental effect. This is the effect prior to the implementation of an agreed mitigation strategy.
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Vol 11 Table 7.5.1 Historic environment construction effects Asset (resource) Impact (magnitude, and justification) Above ground heritage assets 19th century barge bed within the Bell Lane Creek (Medium asset significance) High Asset removed by piling and surviving remains potentially incomprehensible Moderate adverse Effect (prior to mitigation)
19th century boundary Negligible wall potentially related to the industrial development of the area (Low asset significance) Wandsworth Town Conservation Area Grade II listed Wentworth House (outside the site) (High asset significance) High potential for palaeoenvironmental remains (Low to medium asset significance) High potential for prehistoric remains (Low to high asset significance) Low potential for Roman redeposited artefacts (Low asset significance) Low potential for early medieval isolated or agricultural remains (Low asset significance) Moderate potential for later medieval riverside/ To be considered in ES To be considered in ES
Negligible
To be considered in ES To be considered in ES
Buried heritage assets High Asset removed by piling, CSO shaft, and possibly by other deep constructions High Assets removed by piling, CSO shaft and other constructions High Assets removed by piling, CSO shaft and other constructions High Assets removed by piling, CSO shaft and other constructions High Assets removed by piling, Minor adverse
Minor (for isolated artefacts) or major adverse (for trackways or boats) Minor adverse
Minor adverse
Minor or moderate adverse (depending on the
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Asset (resource) reclamation features (Low to medium asset significance) High potential for postmedieval 18th and 19th century industrial buildings (Low asset significance)
Section 7: Historic environment Impact (magnitude, and justification) CSO shaft and other constructions High Assets removed by piling, CSO shaft and other constructions Effect (prior to mitigation) nature and preservation) Minor adverse
7.6
7.6.1
Operational assessment Above ground heritage assets

The effect of the project upon the historic setting of designated/protected heritage assets within the study area including Wandsworth Town Conservation Area and the Grade II listed Wentworth House requires further consideration and will be assessed through the ongoing EIA for presentation in the ES. This assessment is distinct from the assessment of effects on townscape character areas presented in Section 11, as it is based on criteria specific to the historic environment. The study area for assessing setting effects on heritage assets may be revised because historic setting effects are most likely to occur within the visual envelope of the site, which may differ from the study area defined for the purposes of this assessment.

7.6.2 Operational maintenance would not lead to any disturbance of buried heritage assets. Therefore there would be no effects upon buried heritage assets resulting from the operation of the project.
Significance of environmental effect

7.6.3 The table below summarises the historic environment assets at the site for which effects during the operational phase will be assessed through the ongoing EIA for presentation in the ES. Vol 11 Table 7.6.1 Historic environment effects operation Asset (resource) Wandsworth Town Conservation Area (within the study area) (High asset significance) Impact (magnitude, and justification) To be assessed in the final ES Effect (prior to mitigation) To be assessed in the final ES
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Asset (resource) Setting of the Grade II listed Wentworth House (within the study area) (High asset significance)
Section 7: Historic environment Impact (magnitude, and justification) To be assessed in the final ES Effect (prior to mitigation) To be assessed in the final ES
7.7
7.7.1

Measures embedded in the draft CoCP of relevance to the historic environment are summarised in Section 7.2. Additional mitigation measures required are detailed below.
Above ground heritage assets

Within the site 7.7.2 The proposed mitigation strategy for the moderate adverse effect resulting from possible removal of the post-medieval bargebed by the piles across Bell Lane Creek would consist of careful placement of the pile locations to avoid having an impact on this asset. If this is not feasible, archaeological investigation and recording of this feature prior to the construction of the bridge would be undertaken, in order to preserve its significance by making a full record. These measures would reduce the adverse effect to negligible. Within the study area 7.7.3 Any mitigation which may be required for indirect effects on above ground heritage assets will be detailed in the final ES, following consideration of the significance of these assets, their setting and the predicted effects. However, it is acknowledged that the scope for mitigation is likely to be limited, for example where effects on historic setting arise from the visible presence of construction machinery.

7.7.4 Based on this assessment, no heritage assets of very high significance are anticipated that might merit a mitigation strategy of permanent preservation in situ. It is therefore considered that the adverse environmental effects of the proposed development could be successfully mitigated by a suitable programme of archaeological investigation before and/or during construction, to achieve preservation by record (through advancing understanding of asset significance). The assessment presented here has identified potential effects on buried heritage assets resulting from construction works. Mitigation requirements would be informed by selective site based assessment. This could include a variety of techniques, such as geotechnical investigation,
7.7.5
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geoarchaeologcial deposit modelling, archaeological test pits and trial trenches. This evaluation would enable a more targeted and precise mitigation strategy to be developed for the site post-consent and in advance of construction. 7.7.6 Subject to the findings of any subsequent field evaluation post-consent and prior to the start of construction, mitigation of the adverse effects upon archaeological remains within the site is likely to include the following: a. An archaeological watching brief during site clearance and construction to mitigate impacts on post-medieval remains of low significance. b. Prior archaeological survey and excavation (where appropriate) of the foreshore within the footprints of the proposed bridge. c. Targeted archaeological investigation as the ground within the perimeter walls/shaft segments is excavated downwards to mitigate the impacts of the deeper proposed excavations on palaeoenvironmental, prehistoric and possible Roman remains, taking into account the depth of deposits on the site. Mitigation would only become feasible following the insertion of the perimeter walls/shaft segments of each construction (the shaft, the chambers etc).
7.7.7
Both evaluation and mitigation would be carried out in accordance with a scope of works (Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI)), which would be agreed with statutory consultees prior to conducting any archaeological fieldwork prior to or during construction, to ensure that the scope and method of fieldwork are appropriate to satisfy requirements of the application.
Operation
Above ground heritage assets 7.7.8 Any mitigation which may be required for indirect effects on above ground heritage assets will be detailed in the final ES, following consideration of the significance of these assets, their setting and the predicted effects. Mitigation might, for example, include changes to the proposed finishing materials of above ground structures, such as cladding and ground treatments. Buried heritage assets 7.7.9 No operational effects on the historic environment have been identified and so no mitigation is required.
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7.8
Significance of effect Mitigation Residual effect
Assessment summary
Vol 11 Table 7.8.1 Historic environment summary of construction assessment
Asset (receptor)
Above ground heritage assets Moderate adverse Move proposed bridge away from barge bed if possible. Alternatively archaeological excavation and recording to form preservation by record None required Negligible
19th century barge bed within the Bell Lane Creek (Medium asset significance)
19th century boundary wall potentially related to the industrial development of the area (Low asset significance) To be assessed in ES To be assessed in ES To be identified in ES To be assessed in ES
Negligible
Negligible
Wandsworth Town Conservation Area
To be assessed in ES To be assessed in ES
Grade II listed Wentworth House (outside the site) (High asset significance)
Buried heritage assets Minor adverse Environmental sampling during archaeological investigation Negligible
High potential for palaeoenvironmental remains (Low or medium asset significance)
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Significance of effect Minor to major adverse (depending on nature and preservation) Minor adverse Archaeological excavation and recording to form preservation by record Negligible Negligible Mitigation Residual effect
Asset (receptor)
High potential for prehistoric remains (Low to high asset significance)
Low potential for Roman redeposited artefacts (Low asset significance) Minor adverse
Low potential for isolated and agricultural early medieval remains. (Low asset significance) Minor or moderate adverse Archaeological excavation and recording to form preservation by record
Negligible
Moderate potential for later medieval riverside/reclamation features (Low or medium asset significance) Minor adverse
Negligible
High potential for post-medieval 18th- to 19th century industrial buildings (Low asset significance)
Archaeological watching brief prior to and during construction achieve preservation by record.
Negligible
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Vol 11 Table 7.8.2 Historic environment summary of operational assessment Significance of effect To be assessed in the ES To be identified in the ES To be assessed in the ES Mitigation Residual effect
Asset (receptor)
Wandsworth Town Conservation Area (outside the site) (High asset significance) To be assessed in the ES To be identified in the ES To be assessed in the ES
Grade II listed Wentworth House (outside the site) (High asset significance)
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7.9
7.9.1
In terms of desk based sources, the outstanding information that will contribute to the EIA baseline comprises the results of geoarchaeological monitoring of geotechnical boreholes (clarifying depth and nature of deposits). Possible effects of ground settlement resulting from deep constructions within the site, other than the tunnel itself (this will be assessed in Volume 6) will be assessed in the ongoing EIA and reported in the ES. The assessment of indirect construction and operational effects upon the historic setting of surrounding designated/protected heritage assets within the study area requires further consideration and will be completed for the ES. This assessment is distinct from the assessment of effects on townscape character areas presented in Section 11, as it is based on criteria specific to the historic environment. The study area for assessing setting effects on heritage assets may be revised because historic setting effects are most likely to occur within the visual envelope of the site, which may differ from the study area defined for the purposes of this assessment. Assessment of cumulative and in combination effects will be undertaken and reported in the ES. Following completion of the assessment, the mitigation approaches for the historic environment within the project will be finalised and reported in the ES.
7.9.2
7.9.3
7.9.4 7.9.5
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Section 8: Land quality
8
8.1
8.1.1 8.1.2
Land quality
Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant land quality effects at the Dormay Street site. This section should be read in conjunction with Section 13 (Groundwater), Section 14 (Surface water), Section 5 (Aquatic ecology) and Section 6 (Terrestrial ecology).
8.2
8.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to land quality are as follows: a. a CSO drop shaft, an interception chamber, a connection culvert and a valve chamber b. a Bailey type bridge will be constructed linking the northern and southern sections of the site spanning Bell Lane Creek c. the Frogmore connection tunnel will be constructed from Dormay Street to the main tunnel at Carnwath Road Riverside site and the King Georges Park site
d. no dewatering or ground treatment required at this location e. on completion of the civil works the permanent works area will be graded and a capping concrete and paving constructed on the surface. 8.2.2 Construction workers involved in intensive below ground works are high sensitivity receptors. Measures incorporated into the draft CoCP which aim to substantially reduce risks associated with construction activities include: a. the remediation of the site so it is fit for purpose (where required) b. the use of appropriate PPE as well as training and welfare for construction staff c. 8.2.3 confined space working measures where applicable d. the employment of UXO specialist advice. The CoCP includes measures to minimise the migration of dusts during construction activities. These include the use of wheel washing at site entrances, damping down during dry weather and covering and safe storage of potentially contaminating materials (if any).
8.3
8.3.1 8.3.2

Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. There were no site specific comments from consultees on land quality.
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Construction and operation

8.3.3 8.3.4 The construction and operational phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.

8.3.5 The assumptions and limitations associated with this study are presented in Volume 5. There are no site specific assumptions or limitations for the site.
8.4
8.4.1
Baseline conditions
Baseline conditions have been established for the site itself and for a distance of up to 250m beyond (in order to take into account off-site contamination sources and receptors). The baseline data was sourced from the Thames Tunnel Geographical Information Systems (GIS) database, including historic maps and environmental records. A full list of the data sets drawn upon in this assessment is presented in Volume 5 methodology. In addition information has been sourced from a walkover survey, stakeholder consultation and results from a preliminary intrusive ground investigation undertaken by the Thames Tunnel project.
8.4.2
Site walkover
8.4.3 8.4.4 A site walkover was undertaken on 9 November 2010. The construction site is split over two areas separated by Bell Lane Creek. The southern site is the location for the CSO drop shaft and comprises the LB of Wandsworth Maintenance Depot (which includes fuel storage and distribution via a pump island) and Keltbray Limited, a specialist Demolition and Civil Engineering contractor. A Hazchem sign was noted at the site entrance and construction plant equipment could be viewed. Adjacent to the south of the site are offices of an aerial supply company (Panorama Antennas). The site is bordered by Bell Lane Creek to the north. To the south of Panorama Antennas, at the entrance to Dormay Road, is a ceramics/tile workshop called Prestige Tiling and bordering this road is a row of refurbished Victorian Warehouses. The northern site area (which will form part of the construction compound) is currently covered with hardstanding and is used for storage of vehicles and skips by Wandsworth Council. A railway bridge is present on an along the northern boundary and all other sides are formed by the River Wandle. The site walkover notes are provided in Appendix B.
8.4.5
8.4.6
8.4.7
8.4.8
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Site history and surroundings with potential for contaminants

8.4.9 Vol 11 Table 8.4.1 provides a summary of the site history, including potentially contaminative activities and principal contaminants of concern in and around the site. The table was produced following inspection of historic mapping dating from the late 19th century to the present day, together with a site walkover in order to more fully understand the site and surrounding area. The items listed in the table are shown in the table below. Vol 11 Figure 8.4.1 Land quality contaminative land uses (see Volume 11 Figures document) Vol 11 Table 8.4.1 Land quality contaminative land use summary Ref Item Inferred date of operation c1898c1980 Heavy metals, arsenic, boron, nitrates, sulphates, sulphides, asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Various depending upon source of infill organic materials will degrade to produce landfill gases (eg methane, carbon dioxide). Heavy metals, asbestos, TPH, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons, PAHs, heavy oils, PCBs
8.4.10
On-site 1 Corporation/works yard
Bell lane creek (infilled land)
c1869c1964
Depot
c1988present c1951c1968 c1985present present
Electricity works including switch house Depot
Works
Heavy metals, asbestos, TPH, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Heavy metals, arsenic, boron, nitrates, sulphates, sulphides, asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Chlorine (oils, greases, PCBs possibly associated with backup power) Hydrocarbons (diesel and lubricating oils), ash and fill with heavy metals, sulphates, PAHs, asbestos, herbicides, SVOCs. Sulphur, metal oxides, explosives Hydrocarbons, heavy metals
Off-site 7 Water works (140m north) 8 Railway (25m north)
c1896c1949 c1868present c1896 c1916c1920
9 10
Firework factory (145m north) Food works (195m north west)
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Ref Item Inferred date of operation c1868recent
11
Ram brewery (125m south)
12
Wharves (5m west)
c1951c1988
13 14
Warehouse (25m west) Dye works (65m south) Electrical substation (85m south) Laundry (165m west and 175m west)
c1951recent c1951c1952 c1951 c1951c1988
Volatile organic compounds, total petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, ethanol/methanol, ammonia, chlorinated alkalis, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes Heavy metals, arsenic, asbestos, phenols, oil/fuels, hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, sulphides, sulphates, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Use unknown Heavy metals, sodium dichromate, chlorinated organic solvents, chlorinated hydrocarbons, organic solvents Oils, PCBs Heavy metals, arsenic, selinium, free cyanide, nitrates, sulphates , asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, PCBs. Heavy metals, arsenic, boron, free cyanide, nitrate, sulphate, sulphide, asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons BTEX, phenolics, PAH, ammoniacal liquors, cyanides, tar. Heavy metals, arsenic, boron, sulphates, phenols, acetone, aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, cresols Heavy metals, arsenic, selinium, free cyanide, nitrates, sulphates , asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, PCBs Hydrocarbons, heavy metals, arsenic, PAHs, PCBs, sulphide, sulphate
15 16
17
Engineering works/ garage (230m north west) Wandsworth tar works with tanks (15m east) Timber yard (115m south) Laundry (170m south)
c1951 c1980recent c1951c1967 c1951
18
19
20
c1951
21 22 23
Coal hopper (120m north) Coal bunker (160m north east) Works (195m north west)
c1951 c1951 c1951
24
Engineering works (195m north west)
c1951c1959
Heavy metals, arsenic, boron, free cyanide, nitrates, sulphates, sulphides, asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Heavy metals, arsenic, boron, free cyanide, nitrates, sulphates, sulphides,
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Ref Item Inferred date of operation c1951c1971c1985 c1868recent
25
26
Engineering works electrical works (240m north west) Gas works and holder (75m east)
asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Volatile aromatics (BTEX), phenolics (phenol and creosol), PAH in coal tar and ash, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, free cyanide, ammoniacal liquors, sulphate Oils, PCBs
27
28
Electrical sub stations (closest 100m south west) Works (65m south)
c1951present c1968present
29
30 31
Refuse disposal solid waste transfer station (130m north east) Cement works (55m north east) Garage (115m east)
c1986
c1986 c1988present c1988present c1988present c1988present c1988 c1971c1980 c1964c1988 present
32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Works (100m south) Works (45m south) Works (60m south) Works (15m south) Sugar packing station (95m west) Flavouring essences factory (205m south) Garage (190m south)
Heavy metals, arsenic, boron, free cyanide, nitrates, sulphates, sulphides, asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Heavy metals, arsenic, free cyanide, sulphate, sulphide, asbestos, oil/ fuel hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, PCBs Slag, PFA, asbestos, lignosulphonate, carboxylic acids, plasticisers, sulphates. Hydrocarbons, MTBE, BTEX, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, heavy metals, asbestos Heavy metals, arsenic, boron, free cyanide, nitrates, sulphates, sulphides, asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons, heavy oils, solvents. Hydrocarbons, heavy oils, solvents Hydrocarbons, MTBE, BTEX, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, heavy metals, asbestos
*distances are approximate
8.4.11
The historic map dated 1896 shows a channel with wharfs, part of Bell Lane Creek, directly to the northwest and crossing the north corner of the site. By 1964 this extension of the creek has been infilled and developed. Made ground fill may contain potentially contaminative substances. In summary the historical mapping has identified two potentially contaminative on site uses. The site was previously operated as a Corporation Yard of unspecified use and the northern area of the site may
8.4.12
Page 95
be underlain by a depth of made ground material associated with the infill of the creek. 8.4.13 The northern part of the site was undeveloped in the 1870s, although the railway that forms the northern boundary was in place by this time. The available historic mapping shows that some buildings formerly existed between The Causeway and River Wandle (including an unspecified tank) with some further minor structures present centrally within the site during the 1960s to 1980s. These are associated with the wider electricity works which was present to the north. The search radius has also identified that the local area was heavily industrialised from the late 19th Century onwards including a sizable gas works, tar works, wharves and unspecified works surrounding the site on all boundaries.
8.4.14
Geology and hydrogeology

8.4.15 Data from British Geological survey provided to Thames Tunnel GIS and sourced from the published geological map of the area together with logs from boreholes excavated as part of previous investigations of the site indicate the geological succession which is summarised in Vol 11 Table 8.4.2. Controlled waters (ie, surface water and groundwater) can potentially represent a pathway for the spread of mobile contaminants as well as being a sensitive environmental receptor. The Environment Agency (EA) Aquifer Designation maps have been used to classify the geological units according to their aquifer status which is also presented in the table below. The site is classified by the EA as not being within a source protection zone for groundwater that is extracted for potable supply. Vol 11 Table 8.4.2 Land quality - site geology and hydrogeology Geological Unit/ Strata Made Ground Description Largely comprises sandy gravely silt with local gravels of brick, concrete and flint. Soft and firm sandy slightly gravely clay with occasional shell fragments Medium dense to dense to dense sand and gravel (predominantly quartz sand and flint Approximate depth below ground level (m) 0.0 2.5 Hydrogeological classification Unclassified
8.4.16
8.4.17
Alluvium
2.5 2.9 Secondary (undifferentiated) superficial Aquifer 2.9 5.0
River Terrace Deposits
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Volume 11: Dormay Street gravel). London Clay Slightly sandy and silty fissured clay. 5.0 49.5
Unproductive strata
Unexploded ordnance
8.4.18 During World Wars I and II, the London area was subject to bombing. In some cases bombs failed to detonate on impact. During construction works unexploded ordnance or bombs (UXO) are sometimes encountered and require safe disposal. A desk based assessment for UXO threat was undertaken for proposed ground investigation works at the site. The report review of information sources such as the Ministry of Defence (MoD), Public Records Office and the Port of London Authority. The report established that the nearby areas suffered severe bomb damage during the 1940 to 1941 bombing campaign. Taking into account the findings of this study and the known extent of the proposed works, it is considered that there is an overall medium/high threat from UXO at the site.
8.4.19
8.4.20
Thames Tunnel ground investigation

8.4.21 Vol 11 Table 8.4.3 summarises the Thames Tunnel Ground Investigation data from the boreholes located in the vicinity of the preferred site, Boreholes SA1105, SA1106 and PR1107 were drilled on or in the immediate vicinity of the site. Other nearby boreholes are considered too remote to provide useful data on land quality at the site. The results of the ground investigation have been compared against human health screening values for commercial/light industrial land. Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) criteria for fresh water have been used for the shallow aquifer / London Clay as it is may be in continuity with the tidal River Thames The borehole locations are shown in Vol 11 Figure 8.4.2. Vol 11 Figure 8.4.2 Land quality borehole locations (see Volume 11 Figures document) Vol 11 Table 8.4.3 Land quality ground investigation data Borehole refs. Soil contamination Groundwater testing contamination testing SA1105 No contaminants TPH 0.37mg/l above above human health screening value for screening values in oils/hydrocarbons the three samples that were tested.
8.4.22
8.4.23
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Borehole refs. Soil contamination testing No contaminants above human health screening values in the two samples that were tested. No contaminants above human health screening values in the three samples that were tested
Section 8: Land quality Groundwater contamination testing Slight exceedance of EQS for copper in groundwater sample taken from London Clay. No exceedance of EQS in groundwater samples taken from the River Terrace Deposits and Lambeth Group.
SA1106
PR1107
8.4.24 8.4.25
In summary the testing to date shows no significant contamination of the soils. Some contamination of the shallow aquifer in the northern part of the site with Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) has been identified by the ground investigation. Soil gas monitoring was undertaken on two occasions within the standpipe installed within the River Terrace Deposits in PR1107. Results from both rounds of monitoring recorded no methane or carbon dioxide. The concentrations of contaminants within the sediments in Bell Lane Creek are presently unknown.
8.4.26
8.4.27
Other environmental records

8.4.28 Details of environmental records for the vicinity of the site held by the EA and other bodies were obtained from the Thames Tunnel GIS which is partially sourced from Landmark Information Group. Significant records are discussed in further detail after the summary table (Vol 11 Table 8.4.4). The locations of the sites below are shown on Vol 11 Figure 8.4.3. Vol 11 Figure 8.4.3 Land quality environmental records and waste sites (see Volume 11 Figures document) Vol 11 Table 8.4.4 Land quality environmental records and waste sites Item On-site Within 250m of site boundary 2
8.4.29
Licensed industrial activities
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Item On-site
Section 8: Land quality Within 250m of site boundary 2 1 5 1 2 16
Hazardous substance sites Pollution incidents to controlled water* Waste treatment and disposal sites Landfill sites Industrial authorisations (IPPC, COMAH, PPC) Past potential contaminated industrial uses Licensed abstractions
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8.4.30 8.4.31
A local authority air pollution and control entry is located with the site, which is likely to relate to the fuel storage within the council depot. Within a 250m radius of the site there are a number of past potential contaminative uses surrounding the site. These are detailed in Vol 11 Table 8.4.1. There are also two recorded pollution incidents to controlled water (the River Wandle). The two Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) records relate to the nearby gas works. A single historic landfill is located approximately 150m to the north and five waste treatment and disposal sites are located within the 250m buffer.
8.4.32 8.4.33 8.4.34
8.5
8.5.1 8.5.2
Construction assessment
Assessment year: construction For land quality, the assessment is based on the likely baseline conditions which will be experienced in Year 1 of construction. It is not anticipated that land quality baseline conditions will alter significantly from those described above by the commencement of construction.
Development of conceptual model

8.5.3 A key element of the Preliminary Risk Assessment for land quality is the development of source-pathway-receptor conceptual model which aims to understand the presence and significance of potentially complete pollutant linkages. The methodology for undertaking this analysis is provided in Volume 5.
8.5.4
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The following section outlines the sources, pathways and receptors which are relevant to the land quality assessment at the site. Sources of contamination The following potential on site sources of contamination have been identified: a. industrial/commercial use and council depot (including fuel tanks) b. residual contamination from previous on-site usage (electricity works) c. possible unexploded ordnance d. potentially elevated land gas from infilled creek and alluvial soils.
8.5.6
8.5.7
The following potential off-site sources of contamination have been identified: a. residual off-site contamination from previously existing sources (gas and tar works). Pathways
8.5.8
The following pathways for contamination have been identified: a. human uptake through: ingestion of exposed contaminated soils during construction; inhalation of soil/dust, volatilised compounds or ground gas via migration through permeable strata and conduits b. dermal contact with exposed soils during construction c. horizontal and vertical migration of leachable contaminants via groundwater within the upper aquifer in the Alluvium/River Terrace Deposits
d. vertical migration of contaminants along preferential pathways created by excavation of shaft e. direct contact of soils with construction materials f. accidental detonation of UXO g. gas/vapour migration through pipes/foundations, along piles and into structures. Receptors 8.5.9 The following receptors have been identified: a. construction workers b. site end users (maintenance staff) c. off-site receptors - residents and workers d. built environment e. controlled waters - groundwater in upper aquifer f. controlled waters surface water in Bell Lane Creek/River Wandle/ Thames
g. aquatic ecology of Bell Lane Creek/ River Wandle/Thames
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Volume 11: Dormay Street 8.5.10 8.5.11
The sensitivity of the land quality receptors are defined in Vol 5 Table 7.4.2. The following section discusses the potential impacts on receptors as a result of the existing land quality conditions at the site. The tables below summarise the construction impacts, receptors, and effects. Impacts and effects upon construction workers Desk based information suggests that the soils beneath the site may be contaminated, principally as a result of previous (historic) site usage. In particular timbers associated with the former wharf wall contain high levels of arsenic. Such contamination may pose a risk to construction workers via a variety of pathways including direct contact and vapour pathways. There is also the potential for the build-up of asphyxiant or explosive gases associated with confined space construction. Some elevated soil gas/vapour may be associated with hydrocarbon contamination locally and also from nearby alluvial soils. Overall therefore the magnitude of the impact is likely to be negligible, giving a slight effect (not significant). Impacts and effects upon off-site receptors The construction works may result in the creation of new pathways for contaminants to migrate to adjacent industrial sites eg, via wind-borne dust during excavated material handling and storage or by migration of liquid contaminants through newly created service conduits. Additionally phased contamination risk assessments (including intrusive investigation) and remediation (as necessary) will form part of the preliminary works prior to construction. This will allow any unacceptable risks to be mitigated as necessary in advance of the works. Whilst the sensitivity of adjacent industrial/commercial sites is low to moderate, the impact from this will be negligible giving a negligible effect (not significant). Impacts and effects upon built environment High levels of certain contaminants, if contained within subsurface materials, can lead to impacts on the built environment (both existing and proposed), including chemical attack on buried concrete structures. Additionally detonation of potential unidentified buried UXO could represent a risk during construction. The existing built environment is a moderate sensitivity receptor and following the proposed procedures such as site investigation, UXO surveys and remediation, the magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible, giving a negligible effect (not significant). Vol 11 Table 8.5.1 Land quality impacts - construction Impact Health impact on construction workers Magnitude, and justification Negligible soils unlikely to be contaminated plus measures such
8.5.12
8.5.13
8.5.14
8.5.15
8.5.16
8.5.17
8.5.18
8.5.19
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Impact
Section 8: Land quality Magnitude, and justification as use of correct PPE, safety briefings and remediation of contaminated soils reduce impacts substantially. Negligible contaminated soils are unlikely to be encountered additionally measures for dust suppression, correct storage of potentially contaminated materials, wheel washing at site entrance will substantially reduce impacts in the event of finding contamination. Negligible - measures such as UXO specialists employed to advise staff reduce impacts substantially. Negligible - measures such as input into concrete mix design reduce impacts.
Health impact on off-site receptors workers and members of the public
Damage to built environment existing structures Damage to built environment proposed structures
Vol 11 Table 8.5.2 Land quality receptor values/sensitivities construction Receptor Construction workers Off-site receptors workers Built environment - existing Built environment - proposed Value/sensitivity and justification High intensive below ground construction Moderate commercial/light industrial Moderate commercial/light industrial Low - infrastructure
Vol 11 Table 8.5.3 Land quality significance of effects - construction Effect Negligible effect on off-site receptors Negligible effect on built environment - existing Negligible effect on built environment - proposed Significance, and justification Not significant Not significant Not significant
Slight effect on construction workers Not significant
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8.6
8.6.1
Operational effects would include potential exposure to end users from contaminated soils and for the leakage of sewage from the shaft into the surrounding soils. The tables below summarise the operational land quality impacts, receptors, and effects. Impacts and effects on future site users The future site users include maintenance workers who will be working on the site. These are high sensitivity receptors. Following the design measures incorporated into the construction phase as well as the placement of newly built hardstanding there is not considered to be any impacts to site users from pre-existing contamination in the completed development. There is some potential for maintenance personnel to be impacted by elevated ground gases; however, the completed shaft is designed to have sophisticated gas and odour control measures as part of the design due to gassing source represented by the tunnel contents. Shaft design (including secondary lining) would ensure that any outflow from the shaft is unlikely and that there is a negligible impact to the identified receptors giving a negligible effect (not significant). Impacts and effects upon built environment The principal impact relates to the potential for the degradation of new structures by attack from deleterious substances which may in turn reduce the integrity of the structure (and could promote leakage of sewage through the walls of the shaft). The proposed built environment may be regarded as low sensitivity receptor and with the inclusion of the proposed measures such as suitable concrete mix design and soil remediation (as necessary), the impact of the effect is low giving a negligible to negligible effect overall (not significant). In addition it is possible that elevated gases may be able to impact proposed above ground structures. These are however very limited and measures, such as site investigation, gas risk assessment and the incorporation of measures into building design (such as gas resistant membranes if necessary), mean the magnitude of impact is negligible. This gives a negligible effect (not significant).
8.6.2 8.6.3
8.6.4
8.6.5
8.6.6
8.6.7
8.6.8
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Vol 11 Table 8.6.1 Land quality impacts - operation Impact Health impact to site end users Magnitude, and justification Negligible provision of shaft construction negates risk to end users from foreshore area. Ventilation of shaft to ensure no gas build-up form sewage prevents risks to construction personnel from inground gases. Negligible - measures such as incorporation of gas membranes in buildings and suitable concrete mix design reduce impacts Negligible - measures such as remediation of heavily contaminated soils reduce risks substantially.
Damage to built environment proposed structures
Damage to built environment existing structures
Vol 11 Table 8.6.2 Land quality receptors - operation Receptor Site end users Value/sensitivity and justification Industrial/infrastructure end use may be considered as low sensitivity. Low industrial/infrastructure Low - industrial/infrastructure
Built environment existing Built environment - proposed
Vol 11 Table 8.6.3 Land quality effects - operation Effect Negligible effect on end users Negligible effect on built environment - existing Negligible effect on built environment proposed Significance, and justification Not significant Not significant Not significant
8.7
8.7.1
Construction No further site specific mitigation measures during the construction phase are required. Operation No further site specific mitigation measures during the operational phase are required.
8.7.2
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8.8
Vol 11 Table 8.8.1 Land quality Assessment summary - construction Significance of effect Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant Not required Not required Not required Not required Mitigation Significance of residual effect No residual effects identified No residual effects identified No residual effects identified No residual effects identified
Assessment summary
Receptor
Construction workers
Slight effect on construction workers
Off-site receptors residents and workers
Slight effect on off-site receptors
Built environment existing
Negligible effect on built environment - existing
Built environment proposed
Negligible effect on built environment - proposed
Vol 11 Table 8.8.2 Land quality Assessment summary - operation Significance of effect Not significant Not significant Not significant Mitigation Not required Not required Not required Significance of residual effect No residual effects identified No residual effects identified No residual effects identified
Receptor
Site end users
Negligible effect on end users
Slight effect on built environment - existing
Slight effect on built environment - proposed
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8.9
8.9.1 8.9.2 8.9.3 8.9.4
New data from site investigations (including new boreholes and foreshore samplings) will be reviewed and the baseline updated as required. Assessment of cumulative and in combination effects will be undertaken and reported in the ES. Following completion of the assessment the mitigation approaches for land quality within the project will be finalised and reported in the ES. Impacts on groundwater, surface water and aquatic ecology will be assessed and reported in the ES.
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Section 9: Noise and vibration
9
9.1
9.1.1 9.1.2
Noise and vibration

Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant noise and vibration effects at the Dormay Street site. This section includes an assessment of the following: a. Noise and vibration from the construction site activities b. Noise from construction traffic on roads outside the site c. Noise and vibration from the operation of the site.
9.1.3
The tunnel drive for the main tunnel does not run beneath this location. Noise and vibration from the tunnelling activities associated with the main tunnel are considered in Volume 6.
9.2
9.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to noise and vibration are as follows. Construction Measures incorporated within the draft CoCP to reduce noise and vibration impacts include: a. careful selection of construction plant (conforming to the relevant SI), construction methods and programming b. equipment to be suitably sited so as to minimise noise impact on sensitive receptors c. use of site enclosures, and temporary stockpiles, where practicable and necessary, to provide acoustic screening
9.2.2
d. choice of routes and programming for the transportation of construction materials, excavated material and personnel to and from the site e. careful programming so that activities which may generate significant noise are planned with regard to local occupants and sensitive receptors. 9.2.3 9.2.4 It has been assumed for the purpose of this assessment that the hoarding height will be 2.4m at this location. Where the need for additional noise control measures (beyond standard best practicable means measures described in the CoCP) has been identified, these have not been assumed for the purposes of the assessment. Where that the assessment indicates that these are likely to be required, this information has been included in the section on mitigation. For the purposes of the noise and vibration assessment the construction activities have been grouped into the following stages of work:
9.2.5
Page 107
Volume 11: Dormay Street a. Enabling works (including demolition) b. Shaft sinking c. Connection tunnel drive
d. Interception, CSO works and secondary lining e. Completion work (including landscaping, and construction and fit-out of permanent facility). 9.2.6 The above ground works (stages a, b and e) have the potential to create airborne noise impacts. Some noise will be generated for activities c and d, however as stages c and d will be mostly carried out below ground level, impacts from this activity are considered to be much lower. Stage e is likely to be much smaller in scale than the other activities considered here. Stages b, c, d and e have the potential to generate groundborne noise and vibration impacts, namely from sheet piling during the shaft sinking process (stage b) which would involve a piling rig driving sheet piles through the over lying soft ground to cut off any potential ground water ingress and the construction of the connection tunnel and the completion work (stage c and e) which involve the compaction of backfilled materials. Sheet piling methods are proposed at this location as part of the enabling works. The noise from this activity has not been quantitatively assessed as it is considered no significant effects would arise owing to the distance to the closest receptors and the assumed short durations involved. The vibration levels have been assessed from the point of view of building damage. Plant schedules for stages d and e (shaft fit out and completion work respectively) are not available at this stage of the design so these have not been assessed as part of this assessment. However, these stages are likely to be much smaller in scale than the rest of the works and would not involve heavy construction operations. Much of the shaft fit-out works would be underground works in any case. This information will be assessed in the ES once the information becomes available. A TBM would be driven from the Dormay Street site to construct the Frogmore connection tunnel. Noise and vibration from this source are considered in Volume 6. The Phase two consultation logistics strategy considers the removal of all materials by road. The strategic transport network would be used to move materials to and from the site. Estimated vehicle movement numbers are presented in Section 3.3. The majority of activities would be carried out during standard (core) hours as identified in Vol 11 Table 3.3.1. The potential for 24-hour working has been proposed during the construction of the connection tunnel, however this work would be carried out below ground-level and as such it is considered that noise from these activities would not cause any disturbance. However, the potential for any associated activities at
9.2.7
9.2.8
9.2.9
9.2.10
9.2.11
9.2.12
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surface levels would be examined further in the ES when more information is available. Operation 9.2.13 The permanent installation would have above ground structures housing ventilation equipment and electrical and control equipment. This plant equipment would be required to operate under various different scenarios dependent on the flows into and along the tunnel, with the potential to operate at any time of the day or night. The plant installed and the cascade events (ie, the combined sewer overflow passing down the shaft) have the potential to create noise and vibration impacts.
9.3
9.3.1
Assessment methodology
Scoping and consultation Scoping comments are presented in Volume 4. A Scoping Opinion was received from LB Wandsworth but there were no comments of relevance to noise and vibration at the site. Baseline The baseline methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site. Construction The construction phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. Any site specific variations are described below. At this location construction activities have been assessed over the three year construction phase. Baseline noise levels have not yet been measured, and as such the assessment has been carried out based on all residential receptors being in the most sensitive assessment category according to BS5228. For non-residential receptors, comparison has been made to the noise levels reported from road traffic in the DEFRA London Noise Maps (2007)28. The level reported in these maps is based on an average over a longer period (7am to 11pm) than the standard (core) construction hours at this location, which is likely to be lower than the measured noise level and therefore worst case vi. The noise level has been assumed to be the lowest value in the reported range (with a facade correction). The noise levels reported in this document are indicative of the noise climate, however they are not intended to be used to indicate noise levels at a specific receptor. These noise levels will be updated with the measured data during the ES. Baseline traffic data collection is ongoing and is thus not reported in this assessment, and therefore although peak traffic movements are known, it is not possible to calculate the change in noise level that would arise at the identified receptor locations. A qualitative assessment has therefore been
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4 9.3.5
9.3.6
9.3.7
vi
See para 9.2.12 for a discussion of 24 hour working.
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undertaken to consider the likelihood of a significant effect given current traffic levels and considering the proposed peak daily lorry movements. Operation 9.3.8 The operational phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.

9.3.9 9.3.10 Noise-related environmental design measures have been assumed as defined in the CoCP. The assessment of noise from construction activities is not based on the measured ambient noise levels, as baseline data is at present unavailable. A programme of baseline measurements is currently in progress and data will be collected in line with the methodology in Volume 5. The ES will make use of this data to forecast the change in noise levels. The assessment has been based on the worst case scenario for residences, where all residences fall into the most sensitive category. The assessment has been carried out based on the assumption that the noisiest two activities within any one stage could potentially occur onsite simultaneously for the duration of the stage. This is an extremely conservative approach, as the activities are unlikely to last the duration of any one stage. At the current level of construction planning, this is considered a reasonable assumption and would be refined as the construction methodology develops. The assessment of construction traffic effects has been based on predicted numbers of construction traffic movements (presented in Section 3), using professional judgement at this stage. This assessment will be revisited and presented in the ES upon receipt of baseline traffic data. While it is considered that there is a possibility for noise and vibration effects arising from water cascading during tunnel filling events at receptors very close to drop shafts, it has not been possible to adequately assess this as part of this assessment. The likely noise and vibration emissions however be estimated as the cascade design develops and will be reported in the ES.
9.3.11
9.3.12
9.3.13
9.4
9.4.1
Baseline conditions
This section reviews the setting and receptor characteristics of the site for the purposes of this assessment. The site is located at the northern end of Dormay Street, within the LB of Wandsworth. To the north of the site lies a vehicle storage area, immediately to the east is The Causeway. Wandsworth maintenance depot and other industrial buildings are located to the west. Further industrial buildings lie close to the southern perimeter of the site. Just beyond these buildings are the nearest residential properties in Armoury Way and London Court on Frogmore. The nearest residences located south of the development are a mixture of two and three storey town houses situated to the south along the A3, Armoury Way, between Dormay Street and Frogmore. The assessment
9.4.2
Page 110
has been carried out based on the noise levels to the rear of properties on the northern side of Armoury Way, as well as properties within London Court, along Frogmore. As these facades do not directly look out onto the busy A3, they are exposed to lower noise levels, and therefore more likely to experience noise and vibration impacts. 9.4.3 9.4.4 More residential properties lie further from the site to the west along Sudlow Road, as well as along the southern side of Armoury Way. The residential properties selected for the noise and vibration assessment are identified in Vol 11 Table 9.4.1. These are shown in plan view in Vol 11 Figure 9.4.1 and are selected to be representative of the range of noise climates where sensitive receptors are situated around the site. The approximate numbers of properties affected at each of these locations is indicated in Vol 11 Table 9.4.1. Beyond these receptors there are other residential locations which are screened from the site by intervening buildings. Vol 11 Figure 9.4.1 Noise and vibration residential receptors (see Volume 11 Figures document) 9.4.5 9.4.6 The Frogmore complex, a non-residential noise sensitive receptor, has also been assessed and has been included in Vol 11 Table 9.4.1. The noise climate around this area site is presently dominated by road traffic noise from the A3, Armoury Way, and to a lesser extent from traffic along the A217. Passenger train movements along the mainline railway to the north of the site, is also a contributing noise source to the overall noise climate in this area.
Receptor sensitivity
9.4.7 The noise sensitive receptors have been assessed according to their sensitivity, using the methodology outlined in Volume 5. The sensitivities of all assessed receptors are presented in Vol 11 Table 9.4.1. All residential receptors have been assessed as having a high sensitivity. The remaining assessed buildings are offices, which are considered to be of medium sensitivity. Vol 11 Table 9.4.1 Noise and vibration receptors Ref Receptor addresses Building Use Sensitivity No. of noise sensitive properties/ areas 4 6 24 1
9.4.8
DS1 DS2 DS3 DS4
16-22 Armoury Way 8-13 London Court 28-51 Sudlow Road Frogmore
Residential Residential Residential Council
High High High Medium
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Ref Receptor addresses Building Use
Section 9: Noise and vibration Sensitivity No. of noise sensitive properties/ areas
Complex 9.4.9
Offices
The criteria for determining the significance of noise effects from construction sources are dependent upon the existing ambient noise levels. As measured ambient noise levels are currently not available, the lowest assessment category has been assumed for all residential receptors. The assessment noise threshold levels for the receptors near Dormay Street are as shown in the table below. As described in the assessment methodology, this follows the ABC method for determining construction noise significance defined in BS 5228:2009 29. Vol 11 Table 9.4.2 Airborne noise assessment categories construction Ref Noise sensitive receptor Ambient noise level, rounded to nearest 5dBLAeq** Assessment category* Significance criterion threshold level1, dBLAeq, 10hour 65 65 65 n/a***
DS1 DS2 DS3 DS4

* **
16-22 Armoury Way 8-13 London Court 28-51 Sudlow Road Frogmore Complex
A A A n/a***
From ABC method BS5228:200929 Baseline measurement data not available for this assessment ABC method BS5228:2009 does not apply directly to non-residential receptors
***
9.5
9.5.1 9.5.2
Construction assessment Construction base case

The noise level for the base case for the assessment is expected to be the same as that assumed for 2011. Where there is a variation in the conditions during the first year of construction, it is likely that the noise levels would increase compared to the measured data from 2011 (due to natural traffic growth and the potential for additional construction noise from adjacent developments), and as such an assessment based on data from 2011 would be worst case. It is not considered that there are any other circumstances at this location that would cause the baseline noise levels at the receptor locations to change significantly between 2011 and the first year of construction.
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For vibration, it is considered that the levels of vibration around the site are low at present, and they are unlikely to change between the present time and the future base case. The development case is therefore assumed to be the base case as identified in 2011 plus any additional noise and vibration sources associated with this.
9.5.4
9.5.5 Predictions of construction noise have been carried out based on information available to date on construction, as presented in Section 3 of this volume. Noise measures incorporated in the CoCP have been assumed for the purposes of the assessment. At all locations, the top floor of residences would directly overlook the site despite the site hoarding. Construction noise 9.5.7 The results of the assessment of construction noise are presented in Vol 11 Table 9.5.1 to Vol 11 Table 9.5.4. 16-22 Armoury Way 9.5.8 The properties at 16-22 Armoury Way are a mixture of two and three storey buildings. Although the upper floors do not directly overlook the site, they receive less screening than the ground floor. Based on the BS 5228 impact criterion threshold, no excesses above the threshold are predicted to occur at ground level. At first floor level, the impact threshold criterion is exceeded during the enabling works, and as such a significant impact is identified here. The impact at the upper floors of these four properties is caused by an excess of 2dB above the BS5228 criterion for six months from the enabling and shaft sinking works and an excess of 1dB above the BS5228 criterion for ten months from the connection tunnels. Based on the BS5228 impact threshold criterion, these increases will result in a significant impact. Vol 11 Table 9.5.1 Noise at DS1, 16-22 Armoury Way Receptor No. of noise sensitive properties 4 Impact (noise level*, dBLAeq) Significance criterion threshold level, dBLAeq Value/sensitivity
9.5.6
9.5.9
16-22 Armoury Way Activity
High Magnitude/ justification Excess above criterion, dBLAeq Approx. activity duration, months
Ground Floor
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Receptor
Section 9: Noise and vibration No. of noise sensitive properties 4 Impact (noise level*, dBLAeq) Significance criterion threshold level, dBLAeq Value/sensitivity
16-22 Armoury Way Activity
High Magnitude/ justification Excess above criterion, dBLAeq -8 -8 -9 Approx. activity duration, months 5 6 10
Enabling Works Shaft Sinking Connection Tunnels Second Floor** Enabling Works Shaft Sinking Connection Tunnels
*
57 57 56
65 65 65
67 67 66
65 65 65
+2 +2 +1
5 6 10
Construction noise only;
**worst case floors assessed not necessarily the highest floor level
8-13 London Court 9.5.10 The properties at 8-13 London Court are three storey apartments. Residences at ground floor level are completely screened from site activities; however properties at the top of the building will not be screened from noise. Exceedences occur at the upper floors during all assessed activities, by a maximum of 3dB. Based on the BS5228 impact threshold criterion, these increases will result in a significant impact. Vol 11 Table 9.5.2 Noise at DS2, 8-13 London Court Receptor No. of noise sensitive properties 6 Impact (noise level*, dBLAeq) Significance criterion threshold level, dBLAeq Value/sensitivity
8-13 London Court Activity
Ground Floor
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8-13 London Court Activity
Enabling Works Shaft Sinking Connection Tunnels Second floor** Enabling Works Shaft Sinking Connection Tunnels
*
57 56 56
65 65 65
67 66 62
65 65 65
+2 +1 -3
5 6 10
Construction noise only
28-51 Sudlow Road 9.5.11 The properties at 28-51 Sudlow Road are three storey town houses. The upper floors of these properties will not benefit from noise screening provided to the lower floors from the site hoardings. However, there is a considerable benefit due to ground attenuation given the considerable intervening distance between the source and receptors. Based on the BS5228 impact threshold criterion, the increase does not create a significant impact. Vol 11 Table 9.5.3 Noise at DS3, 28-51 Sudlow Road Receptor No. of noise sensitive properties 24 Impact (noise level*, dBLAeq) Significance criterion threshold level, dBLAeq Value/sensitivity
28-51 Sudlow Road Activity
Ground Floor
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28-51 Sudlow Road Activity
Enabling Works Shaft Sinking Connection Tunnels Second Floor** Enabling Works Shaft Sinking Connection Tunnels
*
51 51 50
65 65 65
61 61 60
65 65 65
-4 -4 -5
5 6 10
Construction noise only;
Frogmore Centre 9.5.12 It should be noted that the BS52281 ABC method does not apply directly to non-residential receptors; hence impact has been evaluated based on the absolute noise level and the predicted noise level relative to the ambient noise. At this receptor, at ground floor level there are no increases relative to assumed baseline ambient noise levels. At the upper floors, there is a predicted increase relative to assumed baseline ambient noise levels. Given the assumed ambient noise level and the relative noise increase at upper floors, it is considered that the increase in noise levels will not cause a significant impact. Vol 11 Table 9.5.4 Noise at DC4, Frogmore Complex Receptor No. of noise sensitive properties 1 Assumed Ambient baseline dBLAeq** Value/ sensitivity Medium Magnitude/ justification
9.5.13
Frogmore Complex Activity Impact (noise level*, dBLAeq)
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Section 9: Noise and vibration No. of noise sensitive properties 1 Assumed Ambient baseline dBLAeq** Value/ sensitivity Medium Magnitude/ justification
Frogmore Complex Activity Impact (noise level*, dBLAeq) 58
Ground Level Enabling Works Shaft Sinking 60-65 Construction noise does not exceed baseline ambient noise level over 5 months Construction noise does not exceed baseline ambient noise level over 6 months Construction noise does not exceed baseline ambient noise level over 10 months 5dB increase relative to assumed average baseline ambient noise levels over 5 months 4dB increase relative to assumed average baseline ambient noise levels over 6 months 4dB increase relative to assumed average baseline ambient noise levels over 10 months
57
60-65
Connection Tunnels 3rd Floor*** Enabling Works
57
60-65
68
60-65
Shaft Sinking
67
60-65
Connection Tunnels
67
60-65
Construction noise only From DEFRA London Noise Maps Worst case floors assessed not necessarily the highest floor level.
**
***
Construction traffic 9.5.14 Baseline traffic data is not currently available, and therefore it is not possible to calculate the change in noise level that will arise at the identified receptor locations. A qualitative assessment has therefore been undertaken to consider the likelihood of a significant impact given current traffic levels. The peak number of movements is identified in Section 3.3. The noise impact associated with the increase in HGV traffic is likely to be slight in magnitude. As discussed above this is a qualitative assessment
9.5.15
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made in the absence of traffic data and would be assessed in more detail in the ES. Construction vibration 9.5.16 The assessment of construction vibration considers events which have the potential to result in damage to buildings or structures and human response to vibration separately using different parameters. The assessment of potential construction vibration impacts at adjacent buildings / structures (on the built fabric) has been assessed using the predicted Peak Particle Velocity (PPV), the results of the assessment of construction vibration are presented in the table below. PPV (peak particle velocity) vibration levels have been estimated using the method described in BS522829. Vol 11 Table 9.5.5 Vibration impacts at buildings/structures construction Ref Receptor Impact (highest predicted PPV across all activities, mm/s) 0.3 Value/ sensitivity Magnitude and justification
9.5.17
DS1
14-20 Armoury Way
High
No impact: Below threshold for potential cosmetic damage No impact: Below threshold for potential cosmetic damage No impact: Below threshold for potential cosmetic damage No impact: Below threshold for potential cosmetic damage
DS2
8-13 London Court
0.3
High
DS3
28-51 Sudlow Road
0.2
High
DS4
Frogmore
0.3
Medium
9.5.18 9.5.19
The vibration levels reported here are well below the levels likely to cause building damage according to the criteria described in Volume 5. The assessment of potential construction vibration impacts due to human response at neighbouring receptors has been assessed using the
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predicted estimated Vibration Dose Value (eVDV). The results from the assessment are presented in the table below. Vol 11 Table 9.5.6 Vibration impacts and human response construction Ref Receptor Impact (highest predicted VDV across all activities, m/s1.75) * 0.10 Value/ sensitivity Magnitude and justification**
DS1
14-20 Armoury Way
High
No impact: Below low probability of adverse comment No impact: Below low probability of adverse comment No impact: Below low probability of adverse comment No impact: Below low probability of adverse comment
DS2
8-13 London Court
0.09
High
DS3
28-51 Sudlow Road
0.03
High
DS4
Frogmore
0.11
Medium
Worst affected floor Categorisation of magnitude as defined in Volume 5 Section 2
**
9.5.20
All of the predicted eVDV levels at each of the receptor locations fall below the low probability of adverse comment band, as described in Volume 5 Section 2. Furthermore, these predicted levels are based upon the worst case conditions that may arise during vibration intense activities within the site compound. Summary of construction effects Vol 11 Table 9.5.7 outlines the assessed significance of effects from all sources of noise and vibration based on the extent of impacts identified above. As described in the general methodology Volume 5 Section 2, the significance of noise effects is based on the predicted impact and other factors, ie the total noise level relative to the significance threshold, the numbers and types of receptors affected and the duration of impact. The
9.5.21
9.5.22
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significance of vibration effects is assessed on the magnitude of exposure relative to guidance thresholds for disturbance as well as other factors including the number of affected receptors and their uses. Vol 11 Table 9.5.7 Noise and vibration construction effects Ref DS1 DS2 DS3 DS4 Receptor 16-22 Armoury Way 28-51 Sudlow Road Frogmore Significance, and justification Noise Significant Vibration Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant
8-13 London Court Significant Not significant Not significant
9.6
9.6.1
Operational assessment Operational base case

As discussed in para. 9.5.1, there is likely to be only a small variation in baseline noise levels between the baseline survey and the future base case year. The noise levels measured in 2011 are therefore likely to form the basis of a conservative assessment, as road traffic noise levels would increase along with traffic increases. For vibration, no change is assumed between the present time and future base case.
9.6.2
Operational effects
9.6.3 Noise control measures would be included on all plant items as part of the design process to limit noise increases to within appropriate noise limits to avoid disturbance. These limits have not been set, and are currently under discussion with the local authority and will be relative to the existing background noise levels at each receptor (using the methodology in BS4142 30). It is not possible to quantify the overall change in noise level until this process is complete. However, it is considered that it will be possible to control noise emissions to within appropriate noise limits defined by the local authority to prevent significant effects. The table below contains a summary of the assessment results for operational noise (noise from plant). Vol 11 Table 9.6.1 Airborne noise impacts - operation Ref Receptor Impact Value/ sensitivity High Magnitude and justification Change in ambient subject to local authority limits
9.6.4
DS1
14-20 Armoury Way
Noise level controlled to prevent adverse
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Ref Receptor Impact
Section 9: Noise and vibration Value/ sensitivity Magnitude and justification No adverse impact Change in ambient subject to local authority limits No adverse impact Change in ambient subject to local authority limits No adverse impact Change in ambient subject to local authority limits No adverse impact
impact as per BS4142* DS2 8-13 London Court Noise level controlled to prevent adverse impact as per BS41421 Noise level controlled to prevent adverse impact as per BS41421 Noise level controlled to prevent adverse impact as per BS41421 High
DS3
28-51 Sudlow Road
High
DS4
Frogmore Complex
Medium
BS4142: 199730
9.6.5
As part of the operation of the tunnel, there would need to be routine but infrequent maintenance carried out at the site. This is described further in Section 3. A crane would be required for 10 yearly shaft inspections. This would be carried out during normal working hours, using equipment which is likely to increase ambient noise levels. Given the infrequency of this operation, it is considered that a significant noise effect would not occur. Routine inspections, lasting approximately half a day, would occur every three to six months and would not require heavy plant. As this would be carried out during the daytime with minimal noisy equipment operating over short periods of time, it is considered that further assessment of noise generated by this activity is not required. As no impacts have been identified from the operation of the site, no significant effects have been identified. This is subject to the equipment being specified with appropriate noise control measures to ensure that the targets in BS4142 are met as outlined in Volume 5. Vol 11 Table 9.6.2 Noise and vibration effects - operation Ref Receptor Significance, and justification
9.6.6
9.6.7
9.6.8
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Section 9: Noise and vibration Noise from surface site ventilation plant Noise from maintenance operations. Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant
DS1 DS2 DS3 DS4
16-22 Armoury Way 8-13 London Court 28-51 Sudlow Road Frogmore Complex
Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant
9.7
9.7.1 9.7.2

All measures embedded in the draft CoCP of relevance to noise and vibration are found in Section 9.2. Significant effects as a result of construction have been identified at two receptors; hence additional mitigation would be applied where practicable and effective at these locations. This is based on a worst case assessment where the two noisiest activities in any stage happen concurrently and over the entire duration of the stage. This is a conservative approach considered appropriate for the level of information provided in this assessment and will be refined once further information is available at the ES stage. The buildings affected are all more than two stories high, and close to the site, and as such the standard site hoarding only provides screening to the ground floor of the properties. For all properties with significant noise effects, the hoarding height would need to be extremely high to reduce the noise levels at these properties, however it is likely that hoarding at a height to provide effective screening would not be practicable. All stages of works assessed as having the potential to give rise to likely significant effects (enabling works, shaft sinking and connection tunnels) would require additional mitigation, if practicable, to supplement the best practicable means (BPM) environmental design measures assumed for all sites. The quantitative assessment has assumed only general BPM measures, as far as it is possible to incorporate these in the noise prediction exercise. These include site boundary screening, careful selection of modern construction plant, and positioning of equipment. To address significant effects, specific solutions will be developed as appropriate to provide additional mitigation targeted on those noise sources generating the highest noise levels at the relevant receptor. For example, within this more detailed mitigation design, the use of localised screens and customised enclosures around the item of plant or the process would be considered. For the purposes of this assessment and at this stage of the design, site specific additional mitigation beyond BPM measures has not been identified in the assessment. However, when the potential mitigation options for the illustrative scheme can be confirmed, this will be presented in the ES.
9.7.3
9.7.4
9.7.5
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Operational
9.7.6 9.7.7 No significant effects as a result of the operation of the site have been identified, hence no additional mitigation is required. It should be noted that operational plant design for the ventilation of the tunnel would include environmental design measures to meet noise limits agreed with the local authority to avoid significant effects.
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9.8
Assessment summary
Construction
Significance Significant Not significant Significant Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant None required None required None required None required Mitigation to be reported in the ES None required None required Not significant Potentially significant (subject to mitigation options) Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant Mitigation to be reported in the ES Mitigation Residual significance Potentially significant (subject to mitigation options)
Vol 11 Table 9.8.1 Noise and vibration assessment summary - construction
Receptor
Effect
14-20 Armoury Way
Noise
Vibration
8-13 London Court
Noise
Vibration
28-51 Sudlow Road
Noise
Vibration
Frogmore Complex
Noise
Vibration
Operation
Vol 11 Table 9.8.2 Noise and vibration assessment - operation Significance Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant Mitigation None required None required None required None required None required Residual significance Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant
Receptor
Effect
14-20 Armoury Way
Noise
Vibration
8-13 London Court
Noise
Vibration
28-51 Sudlow Road
Noise
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Significance Not significant Not significant Not significant None required Not significant None required Not significant Not significant Mitigation None required Residual significance
Receptor
Effect
Vibration
Frogmore Complex
Noise
Vibration
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9.9
9.9.1
The completion of the assessment to an appropriate level of detail is subject to further information on baseline and construction ambient noise levels and road traffic counts. When the transport analysis is complete this will be assessed and any effects identified in the ES. The level of detail of this site assessment reflects the available information on methods and programme. The next stage of the assessment work will be more detailed in profiling the variation in construction noise levels across the programmes of work and the range of receptors at each surface site. It has not been possible to adequately assess the potential for noise and vibration from water cascading down the drop shaft during tunnel filling events. The likely noise and vibration emission would be estimated as the cascade design develops and would be included in the ES. As the illustrative construction methodology develops more indepth assessment work for the EIA will allow more detailed mitigation design. Following the development of more refined mitigation design as described above, it will be possible to carry out a more detailed assessment of residual effects. The effectiveness of more specific mitigation measures will be fully assessed and reported in the ES. Assessment of cumulative and in combination effects will be undertaken and reported in the ES. Following completion of the assessment the mitigation approaches for noise and vibration within the project will be finalised and reported in the ES.
9.9.2
9.9.3
9.9.4 9.9.5
9.9.6 9.9.7
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Section 10: Socio-economics
10
10.1
10.1.1
Socio-economics
Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant socio-economic effects at the Dormay Street site.
10.2
10.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to socio-economic receptors are as follows. Construction Measures incorporated into the draft CoCP to limit, and in some cases eliminate, significant adverse air quality, noise, vibration and visual impacts could also reduce socio-economic impacts, particularly amenity impacts. Section 4 Air quality and odour, Section 9 Noise and vibration, and Section 11 Townscape and visual provide further detail on the type of measures that may be employed. The proposed works would be located in an employment (industrial-uses) precinct on land presently used for commercial and civic amenity purposes, comprising: a. part of the Keltbray Ltd site that has to date been used as warehousing premises, which will be vacated by the occupant in early 2012 b. two further portions of land currently used by the LB Wandsworth: i ii an area north of Bell Lane Creek used for the open storage of civic amenity vehicles and plant an area southwest of the Creek which forms part of a civic amenity vehicle maintenance depot.
10.2.2
10.2.3
10.2.4
10.2.5
The site is situated adjacent to The Causeway, a private road which, at this location, forms part of the Wandle Trail walking route and NCR20 cycle route. Construction-related activities and traffic (including lorry movements) could result in amenity or in combination effects being experienced by sensitive receptors in proximity to the site. Operation Above-ground structures would be required on the site in the operational phase once construction work is complete resulting in potential permanent restrictions on the development of an area of land currently allocated for employment uses.
10.2.6
10.2.7
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10.3
10.3.1
Scoping and engagement Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. All consultee comments relevant to this site are presented in the table below. Vol 11 Table 10.3.1 Socio-economic stakeholder engagement
Organisation LB Wandsworth
Scoping Opinion item Socio-economics during operation is scoped out for the Bell Lane Creek site however the more detailed information identifies this as being scoped in. Given this is an employment site the impact on employment during operation and construction needs to be considered. The (Panorama Antennas) business is one of the few remaining manufacturing companies in Wandsworth Borough. It is a family company that employs 52 staff mostly local. It would be difficult to relocate Panorama within the area or even within the Borough.
Response Consideration of the impact of the proposed development at the site on employment has been considered within this assessment.
LB Wandsworth
The choice of Dormay Street as the preferred site of CSO interception at this location means that the business (Panorama Antennas) would no longer be displaced. Accordingly, no impact assessment on that business is required.
Baseline 10.3.2 The baseline methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site. Construction 10.3.3 The construction phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. Any site specific variations are described below: a. The construction phase covers a three year period. Operation 10.3.4 The construction phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.

10.3.5 The following assumptions and limitations apply: a. that the total area of the proposed construction site, which would be directly affected by construction (both north and south of Bell Lane
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Creek), would have the potential to provide for around 35 work places (ie, employees) see para. 10.5.2 for further details. b. that the Wandle Trail and NCR20 are moderately used in the existing baseline situation and usage levels are likely to remain the same under a construction base case scenario. 10.3.6 Preliminary assessments of likely significant air quality, noise and vibration, and visual effects, and associated design and mitigation measures, have been undertaken (see Sections 4, 9 and 11 respectively). The socio-economic assessment has been informed by the preliminary findings of these topic assessments.
10.4
10.4.1
Baseline conditions
Employment Land Central Wandsworth LSIA The site is situated within the Central Wandsworth Locally Significant Industrial Area (LSIA) as allocated in the LB of Wandsworth adopted Core Strategy 31. This area covers the site and the neighbouring industrial land, and means that the site is therefore currently allocated for employment generating uses. In this context, the receptors are the occupants (LB Wandsworth) and their employees that make use of the land for commercial and employment related activities. Keltbray Ltd currently occupies part of the construction site area, with their premises extending further to the south. The premises are now in the ownership of Thames Water and will be vacated by Keltbray Ltd in early 2012, with Wandsworth Council then extending their vehicle depot into the site (after they have cleared the existing warehouse buildings). Wandsworth Council would temporarily vacate the Thames Tunnel construction site during the construction phase. See paras 10.4.9 and 10.4.10 for further detail of the potential number of work spaces (ie, jobs) that could be provided for on the respective components of the proposed construction site given its size and likely warehousing or industrial land use. In considering the sensitivity of the current business and local authority occupants to impacts which could cause their displacement; it is relevant to consider the alternatives that are available to them in the event that their current activities were physically displaced. In doing this, it is relevant to consider the following: a. The nature of the activities taking place on-site are such that they could be replicated at other industrial and warehousing premises within LB Wandsworth or in the wider Greater London area. b. In terms of available alternative employment land of a similar type (as defined by the Use Classes Order), the LB Wandsworth Employment Land Study (ELS) (2010) indicated that 2% of the total industrial and warehousing floorspace (784,628m2 in B1b/c, B2 and B8 use classes) in the Borough was vacant equating to 18,949m2. For the Central Wandsworth LSIA, where the proposed site is located, vacancy was estimated to be significantly higher at 11% (3,319m2) of the LSIAs total floorspace (30,072m2). 32
10.4.2
10.4.3
10.4.4
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Volume 11: Dormay Street c.
In terms of the existing supply of employment land in the Borough, the London Industrial Land Baseline indicated that there was 190.6ha of land in industrial use or within allocated employment areas in LB Wandsworth. The study also calculated that 2.4% (4.5ha) of this land was vacant. 33
d. In Londons southwest region, of which LB Wandsworth forms part, there was 1,237ha of land in industrial use or within allocated employment areas in 2010, 2.8% of which was vacant. For London as a whole the total stood at 8,199ha, 6.6% of which was vacant. 34 e. Consideration of sensitivity should also take account of Borough level employment in activities that currently take place at the site. For instance, it is estimated that 5,700 people were employed in warehousing related activities in LB Wandsworth in 2010. 35 10.4.5 Based on the sites existing use, the intensity of activities taking place there, the availability of vacant industrial land and premises in the Borough, and the ability of employers to access employment land beyond the LB Wandsworth, it is considered overall that businesses and employment generating operations in LB Wandsworth would have a medium level of sensitivity to losses or disruption to the supply of employment land. See Vol 11 Figure 10.4.1 for a baseline plan which indicates the features identified above. Vol 11 Figure 10.4.1 Socio-economic context (see Volume 11 Figures document) Business and local authority activities on-site 10.4.7 10.4.8 The proposed construction site area is formed of two distinct parts, separated by the southern arm of Bell Lane Creek. The northern part of the site is an open storage area used by LB Wandsworth for the storage of civic amenity vehicles and plant. The site is bounded to the north by another vehicle storage site with railway lines beyond this. To the east the site is bounded by The Causeway, a private road that also functions as a section of the Wandle Trail and NCR20 and beyond that by a plot of vacant land. The remainder of the site is bordered by the Bell Lane Creek waterway. The number of people employed on this land is not known, however for the purposes of this assessment it is estimated that the land, given its use as open storage, would typically accommodate 13 workspaces (employees), assuming a plot ratio of 0.45 and applying a typical employment density of 70m2 per workspace for storage and warehousing (B8) activities. 36 To the south of the creek, the site is currently part of two larger properties: a. The main part of the site measures approximately 0.15ha and contains a storage facility comprising warehouses and yard storage areas that has been occupied to date by a demolition and construction business. This business has recently independently decided to cease operations
10.4.6
10.4.9
10.4.10
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at the site. As a result, Thames Water has acquired the site together with LB Wandsworth. The entire property, including the part that falls within the proposed construction site, will be vacated by early 2012 and therefore there will be no private sector employees on this portion of the site or the connected land parcel by the time construction commences. b. The remainder of the southern site area measures approximately 0.15ha and falls within a site currently owned and used by LB Wandsworth as a storage and maintenance depot. Applying the same assumptions as those in para. 10.4.9, it is estimated that the site would typically accommodate six employees for B8 activities. 10.4.11 10.4.12 See Vol 11 Figure 10.4.1 for a plan indicating the location of the portions of land described above. Given that the former commercial occupant is in the process of vacating the site, it is not considered applicable to consider their sensitivity to potential impacts. Therefore, it is only considered relevant to assess the sensitivity of the LB Wandsworths operations. The impact has been considered in accordance with the Scoping Opinion comment and its civic amenity operations which it runs from the site. As indicated above, LB Wandsworth has an interest in this land and other neighbouring sites within the Frogmore Complex. It is considered likely that they will have sufficient capacity within the immediate area to accommodate any operations that would be temporarily displaced by the proposed works. On this basis, it is considered that their sensitivity is low. See Vol 11 Figure 10.4.1 for a baseline plan which indicates the features identified above. Businesses - off-site 10.4.15 To the west of the southern section of the proposed site there is a LB Wandsworth maintenance depot, known as the Frogmore Complex (n.b. the permanent Thames Tunnel infrastructure will be located on land within the Frogmore Complex). Adjacent to this are other industrial premises, including an antenna manufacturing business. The south of the site backs onto further clusters of industrial/commercial buildings along Dormay Street including Wentworth House, a grade II listed building used as office accommodation, and also on to the Causeway road that lies to the east. There are further pockets of industrial activity on the south side of Armoury Way. As the operation of these businesses is considered unlikely to be impacted by the development, no assessment of their sensitivity has been made and they are not considered further in the assessment. See Vol 11 Figure 10.4.1 for a baseline plan which indicates the features identified above.
10.4.13
10.4.14
10.4.16
10.4.17
10.4.18
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Wandle Trail and National Cycle Route 20 10.4.19
The Causeway to the east of the site forms part of the 19km Wandle Trail a walking route from Croydon to Wandsworth. It also forms part of the NCR20. As the routes are on-road sections some light traffic is encountered along the route here as vehicles approach/egress the LB Wandsworth civic amenity storage area. Reconnaissance surveys have been undertaken and more detailed surveys of the usage levels of these routes will be undertaken later during 2011. During reconnaissance surveys, the route was found to be reasonably used at this location. In the interim for the purpose of this assessment, it is assumed that the right of way is lightly used by walkers, local residents and commuters. The main factor affecting the sensitivity of the Wandle Trail and NCR20 users to access restrictions is the availability of other routes. In terms of alternatives, although it is possible to reach the northern end of the Wandle Trail/NCR20 without using The Causeway, by other nearby roads, these alternative routes are not as easily accessed and do not allow users to follow the course of the River Wandle and experience the natural greenspace that the river provides. However, The Causeway is used as an access/egress road for the LB of Wandsworth plant and vehicle storage site (north of Bell Lane Creek) and thus users are already likely to experience some occasional disturbance from this vehicle traffic. In terms of sensitivity to any potential adverse amenity impacts, pedestrians using the trail are only likely to be near the site for the time that it takes them to walk past (likely to be two to three minutes for most users). Therefore, the duration for which users are likely to experience amenity effects would be limited. Based on these factors users are likely to have a medium sensitivity to disruption to the Wandle Trail/NCR20. See Vol 11 Figure 10.4.1 for a baseline plan which indicates the features identified above. Summary A summary of receptors as described in the baseline conditions and their sensitivity is provided in the table below. Vol 11 Table 10.4.1 Socio-economic receptors Receptor Users of employment land (businesses/other employmentgenerating operations) in the Borough Value/sensitivity and justification Medium vacancy rates, both in terms of scale of vacant land and vacant premises, at the Borough wide level are relatively low although businesses could access employment land more widely beyond the Borough Low the acquisition of the neighbouring site together with
10.4.20
10.4.21
10.4.22
10.4.23 10.4.24
10.4.25
LB of Wandsworths civic amenity
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Receptor operations
Section 10: Socio-economics Value/sensitivity and justification Thames Water provides for flexibility and an alternative location to conduct activities currently taking place on-site Medium lack of alternative routes that provide the same amenity experience, though the route is a road accessible to heavy goods vehicles and thus disruption may be experienced currently. Users would only be in the vicinity of the site for a short period.
Users of the Wandle Trail and NCR20
10.5
10.5.1
Base case For this site, the base case year is Year 1 of the construction works. This is the year when site establishment is proposed to commence and marks the start of the assessment period for socio-economic effects. There would be changes to the baseline conditions on-site as a result of the following: a. The part of the site to the south of Bell Lane Creek which would be used for the development, previously formed part of the larger Keltbray site that was used as a storage yard by this building and demolition contractor business. This site has now been sold to Thames Water, and once vacated by Keltbray Ltd will be used by LB Wandsworth as a maintenance depot (with the council vacating part of the site during Thames Tunnel construction). b. It is assumed that the portions of the proposed development site that are currently used by LB Wandsworth would remain under the same use as per the baseline under a base case scenario.
10.5.2
10.5.3
There may be changes in the number and type of businesses located in the area, eg, businesses may open or close and sites that are currently occupied may become unoccupied. It is not possible however to forecast this with any accuracy. Other than the above, it is assumed that the base case would be largely the same ie, the socio economic conditions at the site would remain the same as existing conditions.
10.5.4
Temporary reduction in employment land 10.5.5 The construction works would result in the demolition of some buildings currently used by businesses on the site. The site comprises of three portions, with site areas and potential employment capacities as set out below:
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Vol 11 Table 10.5.1 Socio-economic estimated employment levels Site portion Northern Southwestern Southeastern Total 10.5.6 Area (ha approx.) 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.5 Typical employment capacity 13 11 11 35
Please note - all figures are approximate and subject to rounding.
There are several factors that would influence the magnitude of the impact of the project on employment land provision: a. One important factor is the employment capacity of the site. The effect of the reduction in the availability of employment land would be to prevent the potential provision of accommodation workspace for around 30 employees, as shown in Vol 11 Table 10.5.1 above. In the context of estimated employment of 5,700 in warehousing related activities in LB Wandsworth, the number of workspaces taken up by the works is considered to be small. b. A further critical factor is the size of the land that would be taken up relative to employment land provision in the Borough. The employment land taken up by the works would be approximately 0.45ha. This amounts to less than 1% of the overall supply of 190.1ha recorded in the Borough in 2010. Temporary use of a small area of employment space for other uses would therefore likely result in no significant change to the wider level of provision in the LB Wandsworth. c. The impact would be temporary and mostly reversible at the end of the construction period except for a very small area of land that would be required to be set aside for the installation of operational infrastructure enabling the land to be reused. The impact would be within the lower end of a medium term impact range (at approximately three years).
d. Furthermore, design measures would ensure that the future operation of the site for employment-related purposes (which are likely to be associated with LB Wandsworths use of the site for its civic amenity operations) are not compromised. 10.5.7 On the basis of the above considerations, overall, the magnitude of impact arising from the temporary reduction in employment land is likely to be low. Taking account of the low magnitude of the impact and the medium sensitivity of users of employment land to disruption, it is assessed that the effect arising from the temporary reduction in the supply of employment land is likely to be minor adverse and therefore not significant.
10.5.8
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Temporary relocation of civic amenity operations 10.5.9 The construction works would result in the temporary displacement of part of LB Wandsworths civic amenity operations which operate from the northern and southwestern portions of the site. The magnitude of this impact is greatly limited by the fact that LB Wandsworth has acquired land together with Thames Water. This land will be able to be used during the construction phase. Accordingly, the impact will be limited to the arrangements that need to be made to move operations from the currently occupied sites that will be required for the construction process to the portion of the newly acquired site that will remain un-used. As both the northern and southwestern portions of the site are predominantly used for parking/repairing vehicles, this will mean that the process of moving operations from one site to the other will be less onerous than if the sites were developed more intensively. Advance knowledge of the project, and LB Wandsworths plans to use the site in the longer term means that they can also plan for the move as part of their works to alter the site for their intended use. Design measures implemented as part of the project would also ensure that LB Wandsworths operation of the site during the construction period is not compromised. As a result, it is expected that LB Wandsworth will be able to continue to provide civic amenity services for the Borough from the wider site during the construction phase without any serious disruption to service provision or quality. On this basis, overall, the magnitude of impact arising from the temporary relocation of LB Wandsworths civic amenity operations is likely to be low. Taking account of the low magnitude of the impact and the low sensitivity of LB Wandsworths civic amenity operation, the effect on LB Wandsworths civic amenity operation is likely to be a negligible and therefore not significant. Effects on Wandle Trail and NCR20 users amenity 10.5.15 Air quality, noise and vibration and visual impacts arising as a result of the proposed construction works and construction related traffic may act individually or in combination to reduce the environmental amenity experienced by users of the Wandle Trail and NCR20 at this location. However, no diversion of the route would be required. Assessments have been undertaken to examine the potential air quality, noise and vibration, and visual effects arising during the construction phase. With respect to the potential effect of the proposed works on nearby recreational receptors, the following points summarise the preliminary findings of the assessments: a. No air quality or construction dust receptors were identified as requiring assessment at the site. It is therefore assumed for the purpose of this assessment that it is not likely that there will be any significant effects from construction air quality and dust issues in relation to the Wandle Trail and NCR20.
10.5.10
10.5.11
10.5.12
10.5.13 10.5.14
10.5.16
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b. No noise and vibration receptors were identified as requiring assessment at the site. It is therefore assumed for the purpose of this assessment that it is not likely that there will be any significant effects from construction noise and vibration issues in relation to the Wandle Trail and NCR20. c. Visual receptors were identified as being moderate adverse at two recreational viewpoints in relation to the Wandle Trail and NCR20 for the duration of the construction period.
10.5.17 10.5.18
For further information, see Section 4 Air quality and odour, Section 9 Noise and vibration, and Section 11 Townscape and visual. The above findings regarding air quality, dust, noise and vibration, and visual effects have been taken into consideration in undertaking an assessment of the overall magnitude of impact for amenity impacts on recreational receptors. This preliminary findings of the assessment balance the above findings considering the contribution that each assessed element (eg, the quality of the air, the quality of a view) makes to a receptors overall experience of amenity. As per the assumption regarding the number of users set out in the baseline, any potential impacts would affect a low number of users. In terms of duration, the potential for impacts which reduce amenity for users of the Wandle Trail and NCR20 would be temporary and only last during the construction period. This would be a period of approximately three years and therefore constitute a medium term impact. As noted in the visual assessment, the visible elements of the proposed construction activity would be consistent with the existing industrial use of the site in its existing condition. As such, users of the Wandle Trail and NCR20 users are already likely to experience a compromised level of amenity, given the existing industrial character of the area around the proposed construction site. It is therefore considered for the purposes of assessing the overall amenity impact magnitude that the effect on the amenity experience of Wandle Trail and NCR users of the proposed construction activities at the site would be mediated by the current industrial character. It is therefore considered that the potential for amenity impacts to negatively impact users of the Wandle Trail and NCR20 would be low. Taking account of the low magnitude of the impact and the medium sensitivity of Wandle Trail and NCR20 users, it is considered that the effect on the amenity of Wandle Trail and NCR20 users would be minor adverse and therefore not significant. Summary The preliminary findings of the assessment of socio-economic construction impacts and effects are summarised in the tables below.
10.5.19 10.5.20
10.5.21
10.5.22 10.5.23
10.5.24
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Vol 11 Table 10.5.2 Socio economics construction effects Magnitude Low the reduction of employment land and work spaces is temporary and relatively minor in proportion to the provision of employment land in the Borough as a whole Low medium term disruption to business activity; likely reversible following completion of construction works Low moderate adverse visual effects from two recreational viewpoints. The local industrial context would limit the overall experience of the impacts for users. Minor adverse not significant Significance
Impact
Sensitivity
Temporary reduction in employment land
Medium vacancy rates, both in terms of scale of vacant land and vacant premises, at the Borough wide level are relatively low although businesses could access employment land more widely beyond the local Borough
Temporary relocation of civic amenity operations
Low the acquisition of the neighbouring site together with Thames Water provides for flexibility and an alternative location to conduct activities currently taking place onsite
Negligible not significant
Amenity impacts on the Wandle Trail and NCR20 (outline assessment)
Medium lack of alternative routes that provide the same amenity experience, though the route is a road accessible to heavy goods vehicles and thus disruption may be experienced currently. Users would only be in the vicinity of the site for a short period.
Minor adverse not significant
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10.6
10.6.1 10.6.2
Base case The base case year for the operational phase is assumed to be Year 1 of operation. It is assumed that the base case would remain the same under a no development scenario, except for the conditions discussed above in para. 10.5.2.
Operational effects
Permanent restrictions on the use of employment land 10.6.3 The proposed presence of operational structures and hard-standing would restrict the use of approximately 0.05ha of land (south of Bell Lane Creek) for employment generating uses in a LB Wandsworth designated employment area the Central Wandsworth (part of) LSIA. The land area, at approximately 0.05ha, equates to around 0.06% of the existing employment land contained in LB Wandsworth. In the operational phase a large part of the site would be used by LB Wandsworth as a maintenance depot for vehicles. This portion would therefore be used as employment land, albeit in a low intensity manner. On this basis, the magnitude of the impact arising from the permanent loss of employment land is assessed to be negligible. Taking account of the negligible magnitude of the impact and the medium sensitivity of businesses within the LB Wandsworth to the loss of employment land, it is assessed that the effect of the permanent loss of 550m2 of employment land in the Borough would be negligible and therefore not significant. Summary 10.6.8 The preliminary findings of the assessment of operational socio-economic impacts and effects are summarised in the table below. Vol 11 Table 10.6.1 Socio economics operational effects Impact Permanent restriction on the use of employment land Sensitivity Medium vacancy rates, both in terms of scale of vacant land and vacant premises, at the Borough wide level are relatively low although businesses could access employment Magnitude Significance
10.6.4 10.6.5
10.6.6 10.6.7
Negligible Negligible, not quantum of land significant lost equates to around 0.06% of employment land within the Borough and a large part of the land would be still be able to be used for vehicle parking as part of the LB
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Impact Sensitivity land more widely beyond the local Borough
Section 10: Socio-economics Magnitude Wandsworths maintenance depot operations Significance
10.7
10.7.1

The above assessment has arrived at a preliminary finding that there are not likely to be any significant adverse effects (that is major or moderate) in the construction phase that would require mitigation.
Operation
10.7.2 The above assessment has arrived at a preliminary finding that there would not be any significant adverse effects (that is major or moderate) in the operational phase that would require mitigation.
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10.8
Significance Minor adverse not significant None required Mitigation Residual significance Minor adverse not significant
Assessment summary
Vol 11 Table 10.8.1 Socio-economic assessment summary - construction
Receptor
Effect
Users of employment land (businesses/other employment-generating operations) in the Borough
Temporary reduction in employment land
LB Wandsworths civic amenity operations Minor adverse not significant None required
Temporary relocation of Negligible not significant None required civic amenity operations
Negligible not significant Minor adverse not significant
Users of the Wandle Trail and NCR20
Amenity effects on Wandle Trail users amenity
Vol 11 Table 10.8.2 Socio-economic assessment summary - operation Significance Negligible not significant Mitigation None required Residual significance Negligible not significant
Receptor
Effect
Users of employment land (businesses/other employment-generating operations) in the Borough
Permanent restrictions on the use of employment land
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10.9
10.9.1 10.9.2
A pedestrian/cycle count data for the Wandle Trail and NCR20 will be completed in 2011. Pending the results of other EIA assessments, it is likely that updates to the baseline data and results of the effects assessments will be able to be made for the following: a. Amenity effects on Wandle Trail and NCR20 users. Assessment of cumulative and in combination effects will be undertaken and reported in the ES. Following completion of the assessment the mitigation approaches for socio-economics within the project, if applicable, will be finalised and reported in the ES.
10.9.3 10.9.4
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Section 11: Townscape and visual
11
11.1
11.1.1
Townscape and visual

Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant townscape and visual amenity effects at the Dormay Street site. The assessment describes the current conditions found within the area the nature and pattern of buildings, streets, open space and vegetation and their interrelationships within the built environment, and the changes that would be introduced as a result of the proposed development. The assessment also identifies mitigation measures where appropriate. Townscape and visual assessments are made up of two separate, although linked, procedures; the townscape baseline and its analysis contribute to the baseline for visual amenity. Each section of the assessment is structured so that townscape aspects are described first, followed by visual.
11.1.2
11.2
11.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to the townscape and visual assessment are as follows. Construction The method of construction for the proposed development is described in Section 3. The peak construction phase for this topic relates to the time when the shaft is being constructed, involving the presence of cranes at the site and the export of material by road. For this site, this equates to Year 1 of construction, within a total construction period of approximately three years. Similar effects would arise during the secondary tunnel lining, which would occur during Year 2 of construction. The site would be typically under construction during standard working hours only. However, tunnelling would require 24 hour working. The specific construction activities which may give rise to effects on townscape character, tranquillity and visual receptors are: a. Clearance of the site including demolition of buildings and structures; b. Vehicular construction access to the site off Dormay Street, with a secondary access off The Causeway; c. Establishment of hoardings around the boundary of the construction site;
11.2.2
11.2.3
d. Use of cranes during shaft sinking and secondary lining of the tunnel; e. Provision of welfare facilities; and f. 11.2.4 Lighting of the site when required. Measures incorporated into the draft CoCP to reduce townscape and visual impacts include use of appropriate capped and directional lighting, only when required.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Operation 11.2.5
The proposed operation of the infrastructure at Dormay Street is described in Volume 3. The particular components that are of importance to this topic include the design and siting of the ventilation structures and electrical kiosk.
11.3
11.3.1 11.3.2
Scoping and engagement Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. In addition to the formal scoping process the LB of Wandsworth and English Heritage have been consulted on the detailed scope of the townscape and visual impact assessment, including the number and location of viewpoints. Both agreed with the proposed viewpoints. Baseline The assessment area, defined using the standard methodology provided in Volume 5, is indicated by the extents of the drawing frame on Vol 11 Figure 11.5.1 to Vol 11 Figure 11.5.6. The scale of the assessment area has set by the maximum extent of the ZTV, excepting those locations to the north of the site where the visibility is in reality obscured by the elevated railway line and mature vegetation. The methodology for establishing the townscape and visual baseline follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 6. With specific reference to the Dormay Street site, baseline information has been gathered through a review of the LB of Wandsworth Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and the Wandsworth Town Conservation Area Appraisal (Draft). Construction The construction phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. Any site specific variations are described below. With reference to the Dormay Street site, the peak construction phase for this topic would be Year 1 of construction, when the shaft would be under construction, cranes would be present at the site and material would be being taken away by road. This has therefore been used as the assessment year for townscape and visual effects. The intensity of construction activities would be similar in Year 2 of construction, during the secondary lining of the tunnel, involving import of materials by road. For the purposes of the construction phase assessment, it is assumed that the existing council depot, located to the west of the site, will have extended into the area surrounding the site to the east of Dormay Street, in advance of construction commencing.
11.3.3
11.3.4 11.3.5
11.3.6
11.3.7
11.3.8
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The operational phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. Any site specific variations are described below. The operational phase assessment has been undertaken for Year 1 of operation and year fifteen of operation. For the purposes of the Year 1 assessment, it is assumed that there would be no further change in the base case from that assumed for the construction phase assessment. Further work will be undertaken for the ES to make appropriate assumptions with respect to potential changes in the base case for Year 15 of operation. Assumptions and limitations For this site, there are no site specific townscape and visual assessment limitations beyond the generic ones listed in Volume 5. Assumptions made on the base case for the construction and operational phase assessments are described in para. 11.3.8. These assumptions are based on known planning applications and planning policy within the assessment area, interpreted using professional judgement to understand what the base case may be in Year 1 of construction and Year 1 of operation without the project (ie the do nothing scenario). Assumptions will be made in the ES regarding what the base case may be in Year 15 of operation without the project. The preliminary assessment of operational effects is based on the engineering design of the proposed development. The assessment recognises that the project is committed to high quality design, and this forms the basis of the preliminary assessment of likely significant effects presented here. The details of the project design and landscaping, to be provided for the planning submission, will inform the assessment of operational effects in Year 1 and Year 15 which will be presented in the ES.
11.3.10
11.3.11 11.3.12
11.3.13 11.3.14
11.4
11.4.1
Baseline conditions Townscape baseline

The site is located at the northern end of Dormay Street, bisected by Bell Lane Creek. The surrounding townscape is a mix of industrial, commercial, retail and residential properties. Physical elements The physical elements of the townscape in the assessment area are described below. Topography The site and its surrounding area are relatively flat and low lying, adjacent to the River Wandle and Bell Lane Creek. To the south east, the topography rises slightly.
11.4.2
11.4.3
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Land use 11.4.4
The site is located in an industrial area adjacent to the River Wandle. To the north of the site is the railway line between Wandsworth Town and Putney, beyond which is a mix of commercial and industrial premises. To the east and south of the site the townscape is mixed use, dominated by commercial and residential uses. The area to the west of the site is predominantly residential, beyond the industrial units immediately adjacent to the site. Development pattern and scale Vol 11 Figure 11.4.1 illustrates the pattern and scale of development within the assessment area and also indicates building heights. Vol 11 Figure 11.4.1 Townscape and visual development pattern and scale (see Volume 11 Figures document)
11.4.5
11.4.6
The buildings around the site are characterised by large footprints and are generally surrounded by hard standing in the form of storage yards, forecourts or car parking. Buildings are typically up to 20m high. The pattern of the built environment to the south east and west is generally of a smaller scale, both in height and footprint. Buildings in this area comprise a mixed of terraces and apartments, with open spaces limited to the streetscape. Vegetation patterns and extents Vol 11 Figure 11.4.2 illustrates the pattern and extent of vegetation within the assessment area, including tree cover. Vol 11 Figure 11.4.2 Townscape and visual pattern and extent of vegetation (see Volume 11 Figures document)
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Street trees are generally absent throughout the assessment area, although vegetation along the River Wandle and the railway line create green corridors adjacent to the site. Some street trees are present along Armoury Way and Frogmore in the wider area, which complement vegetation in private residential gardens, creating a relatively green wider environment. In addition, there is a vegetated peninsula between Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle, immediately north of the site. There are no known Tree Preservation Orders within or in the vicinity of the site, based on local authority GIS information provided to the project to date. However, trees within Wandsworth Town Conservation Area are indirectly protected by virtue of the designation. Open space distribution and type Vol 11 Figure 11.4.3 illustrates the distribution of different open space types within the assessment area, indicating all relevant statutory, nonstatutory and local plan designations.
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Vol 11 Figure 11.4.3 Townscape and visual open space distribution and type (see Volume 11 Figures document) 11.4.11 Bell Lane Spit represents the only notable open space in the wider area. This public space is located at the confluence of the River Wandle and Bell Lane Creek and is characterised by heavy enclosure created by raised planting beds and mature trees. In addition, a public art feature is located at the northern corner of the space, with views across the River Thames. The public open space is located approximately 100m north of the site. Transport routes 11.4.12 Vol 11 Figure 11.4.4 illustrates the transport network within the assessment area, including cycleways, footpaths and Public Rights of Way. Vol 11 Figure 11.4.4 Townscape and visual transport network (see Volume 11 Figures document) 11.4.13 The road network immediately around the site is generally industrial in nature, connecting with Swandon Way, Armoury Way and Putney Bridge Road to the east, south and west of the site respectively. These strategic routes are characterised by high levels of traffic. To the north of the site, the railway line between Wandsworth Town and Putney is elevated, creating a physical and visual barrier. Site character assessment 11.4.14 The site is divided across two areas to the north and south of Bell Lane Creek. The site working area to the south of the watercourse is part of a larger industrial/commercial area along Dormay Street and includes the Keltbray Cement operation. The area to the north of the creek is currently used as a maintenance storage yard, contained to the north by a brick built railway viaduct, to the east by fencing along The Causeway and to the south and west by Bell Lane Creek. The components of the site are described in the table below: Vol 11 Table 11.4.1 Townscape site components ID 01 Component Vegetation along Bell Lane Creek Description Semi-mature vegetation, including small trees, providing a dense coverage along the riverbank. Condition Fair (to be confirmed following the completion of a tree survey) Fair (to be confirmed following the
02
Vegetation along The Causeway
Semi-mature vegetation, including small trees, providing partial coverage along the eastern boundary of the site to the north of Bell Lane Creek.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street ID Component
Section 11: Townscape and visual Description Condition completion of a tree survey) Fair
03
Steel building Brick building Storage shelter River wall
Approximately 15m high corrugated steel building with a pitched roof and vehicular entrances along the south. Approximately 10m high brick building with a pitched corrugated steel roof. A steel framed shelter approximately 10m high, with open sides and a corrugated steel roof. River wall along the south bank of Bell Lane Creek, characterised by extensive regrowth of species such as buddleia.
04 05
Fair Fair
06
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11.4.15
The condition of the townscape within the site is generally fair, with the exception of the river wall along Bell Lane Creek, which is in a poor state of repair. Due to the lack of sensitive components and industrial use, there is a high potential for enhancement. Due to the industrial use of the site and the lack of open spaces or mature vegetation, the site is considered to have a low level of tranquillity. Also due to the industrial nature of the site, the area has limited townscape value. Due to the fair condition and limited value of the townscape, and low levels of tranquility, the site has a low sensitivity to change. At night, the site is unlit, although the density of the surrounding built environment means that the site is influenced by light spill from street lights and residential properties. However, this provides a fairly dimly lit setting and therefore the sensitivity of this site to additional lighting is medium. Townscape character assessment The Townscape character areas surrounding the site are identified on Vol 11 Figure 11.4.5. Vol 11 Figure 11.4.5 Townscape character areas (see Volume 11 Figures document)
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Townscape character areas are ordered beginning to the north of the site and continuing around the site in a clockwise direction. Each area is described below. Bell Lane Creek This area is characterised by the channels of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle, with an area of open space between the watercourses to the north of the elevated railway line. The Thames Path passes through
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the character area across a pedestrian footbridge. The open space includes public art and a seating area focused on views towards the River Thames. Mature vegetation is present along the banks of the watercourses and within the open space, creating a relatively green character in an otherwise industrial townscape. 11.4.23 The condition of the townscape varies; Bell Lane Creek is fairly poorly maintained, whilst the pedestrian bridge and open space are in a relatively good condition. The area has high levels of tranquility due to the seclusion provided by the surrounding vegetation and watercourses, separating the open space from the surrounding industrial and commercial premises. The townscape is likely to be locally valued as a small green space in an area largely deficient in publically accessible open spaces. Therefore due to the varied condition and local value attributed to the townscape, it is considered that this character area has a medium sensitivity to change. Smugglers Way Industrial 11.4.27 This character area comprises a large waste transfer station, B&Q warehouse, large areas of hardstanding used for car parking and some new residential apartments. The Thames Path passes through the area along Smugglers Way, which is characterised by intermittent semi-mature trees. However, the majority of the area is dominated by large industrial / commercial buildings, internal roads and hardstanding. The area is introspective in character. The buildings and streetscape of the area are relatively well maintained, apart from some boundary treatments. The condition of the townscape is therefore fair. The area has low levels of tranquillity due to the industrial use of the area, the lack of open spaces or vegetation and the presence of the elevated railway line along the southern boundary of the character area. The townscape has limited amenity value to the community due to the type of land use, and the lack of public realm and vegetation. Therefore due to the industrial land use, introspective pattern of the development, limited amenity value of the townscape and the limited tranquility of the area, it is considered that this character area has a low sensitivity to change. Dormay Street Industrial 11.4.32 This character area comprises a mix of small and large industrial units, storage yards, offices and a gas tower. The majority of the area is contained to the north by the elevated railway line between Wandsworth Town and Putney, apart from an industrial area adjacent to The Causeway and Smugglers Way, and to the south by Armoury Way / Old York Road. The area is divided by the River Wandle and Bell Lane Creek, which can only be crossed at the northern and southern extents of the character area. The area is introspective in character.
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The buildings and streetscape of the area are relatively well maintained, apart from some boundary treatments and areas along the watercourses. The condition of the townscape is therefore fair. The area has low levels of tranquility due to the industrial use of the area, the lack of open spaces or vegetation and the presence of the elevated railway line and busy roads along the boundaries of the character area. The townscape has limited amenity value to the community due to the type of land use, and the lack of public realm and vegetation. Therefore due to the industrial land use, introspective pattern of the development, limited amenity value of the townscape and the limited tranquility of the area, it is considered that this character area has a low sensitivity to change. Old York Road Mixed Use This area comprises a mix of residential and commercial uses. Commercial premises are generally located on the ground floor of properties along Old York Road, with residential apartments above, in lowrise apartment buildings or terraces. The streets are generally organised on a grid formation and are characterised by street trees. Combined with vegetation in gardens, the area has a relatively green character. The buildings, streets and vegetation are generally well maintained. The condition of the townscape is therefore good. The area has moderate levels of tranquility due to the residential land use, and the presence of vegetation and open spaces, affected slightly by traffic along the main routes, including Old York Road. The area is likely to be valued by local residents, by virtue of the presence of open spaces and mature trees that provide a pleasant setting to the residential properties. Due to the moderate level of tranquility and locally valued residential character, strengthened by intermittent mature planting and open spaces, this character area has a medium sensitivity to change. Wandsworth Town Conservation Area This area is covered by part of the Wandsworth Town by a linear cluster of historic buildings lining Wandsworth High Street to the south (beyond the assessment area), and further linear development along Putney Bridge Road, Wandsworth Plain and The Ram. The River Wandle passes through the area, but is largely canalised or hidden from view behind buildings. Buildings are generally two to four storeys in height. The area has a general lack of street trees, although there is vegetation present in the private gardens of some residential properties. The pattern of development is entirely focused on the internal streets, and hence introspective in character. The buildings and streetscape of the area are relatively well maintained. The condition of the townscape is therefore good. The area has low levels of tranquility due to the dominance of traffic along Wandsworth High Street, Putney Bridge Road and the Ram, the
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commercial/retail use of the area and the lack of street trees or open spaces. 11.4.45 11.4.46 The townscape of the area is valued at the Borough level by virtue of the conservation area designation. Therefore, despite the conservation area designation and Borough value of the townscape, the introspective character and limited tranquility of the area means it is considered to have a medium sensitivity to change. Wandsworth Town Hall 11.4.47 This character area is defined by the extents of the eight storey Wandsworth Town Hall and surrounding car parking, bounded by the Wandsworth Town Conservation Area boundary. The area has a lack of vegetation and is entirely introspective, focused on the town hall building. The buildings and streetscape of the area are relatively well maintained. The condition of the townscape is therefore good. The area has low levels of tranquility due to the presence of relatively high levels of traffic and car parking, the commercial use of the area and the lack of street trees or open spaces. The townscape has limited amenity value to the community due to the type of land use, the lack of public realm and the lack of valued components. Therefore due to the introspective pattern of the development, limited amenity value of the townscape and the limited tranquility of the area, it is considered that this character area has a low sensitivity to change. Frogmore Residential 11.4.52 This character area is characterised by three to four storey brick built residential apartments, organised around private streets with gated access. Vegetation is a fairly dominant component of the areas character, with the presence of street trees and planting around boundaries. The area is largely introspective in character. The landscape of the area is well maintained. The condition of the townscape is therefore good. The area has a moderate level of tranquility due to the residential character of the area and the seclusion provided by the abundance of vegetation, slightly affected by the presence of the elevated railway line and busy roads towards the edges of the character area. The area is likely to be valued by local residents, by virtue of the presence of private open spaces and mature trees that provide a pleasant setting to the residential properties. Due to the moderate level of tranquility and locally valued residential character, strengthened by intermittent mature planting and open spaces, this character area has a medium sensitivity to change.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Wandsworth Town Residential 11.4.57
This character area incorporates part of West Hill Road Conservation Area (beyond the assessment area of this site), alongside an extensive residential area broadly similar in character, to the west of the site. The area is characterised by two to three storey dense 19th and 20th century residential terraces. The terraced properties are aligned on a grid layout, characterised by relatively narrow residential streets. The materials, building style, density and scale of development are generally consistent throughout the character area. The area is further characterised by a lack of open spaces or street trees. The pattern of development is generally introspective in character. The buildings and streetscape of the area are relatively well maintained. The condition of the townscape is therefore good. The area has moderate levels of tranquility due to the residential land use and limited volumes of traffic throughout the character area. The townscape of the southern part of the character area (beyond the assessment area of this site) is valued at the Borough level by virtue of the conservation area designation. However, the majority of the area is likely to be valued locally by residents of the area. Due to the introspective character and local value of the townscape, this area has a medium sensitivity to change. At night the area is lit directly by street lighting and indirectly from buildings, particularly along the river frontage, providing a fairly brightly lit character. Therefore, the sensitivity of this area to additional lighting is low. Osiers Road Commercial This character area comprises a mix of brownfield land, large scale warehouse units and some commercial offices. The character area is bordered to the north by the River Thames, to the east by the River Wandle and to the south by the elevated railway line between Wandsworth Town and Putney. The Thames Path passes through the area along Osiers Road. The area is further characterised by a general lack of street trees, although some are planted intermittently around the area, and there is a band of planting present along the embankment to the railway line. The area is introspective in character. The buildings and streetscape of the area are relatively well maintained, apart from some boundary treatments. The condition of the townscape is therefore fair. The area has low levels of tranquility due to the commercial use of the area, the lack of open spaces or vegetation and the presence of the elevated railway line along the southern boundary of the character area. The townscape has limited amenity value to the community due to the type of land use, and the lack of public realm and vegetation. Therefore due to the industrial land use, introspective pattern of the development, limited amenity value of the townscape and the limited
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tranquility of the area, it is considered that this character area has a low sensitivity to change. 11.4.68 The sensitivity to change of the townscape character areas is summarised in the table below. Vol 11 Table 11.4.2 Townscape sensitivities to change Townscape character area The site Bell Lane Creek Smugglers Way Industrial Dormay Street Industrial Old York Road Mixed Use Wandsworth Town Conservation Area Wandsworth Town Hall Frogmore Residential Wandsworth Town Residential Osiers Road Commercial Sensitivity Low Medium Low Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Low
Visual baseline
11.4.69 Vol 11 Figure 11.4.6 indicates the location of viewpoints referenced below. All residential and recreational receptors have a high sensitivity to change, and transport receptors have a medium sensitivity to change. Appendix D1 contains illustrative winter photographs from selected viewpoints (the ES will include winter and summer photos for each character area and viewpoint). Vol 11 Figure 11.4.6 Townscape and visual viewpoint locations (see Volume 11 Figures document) Residential 11.4.70 Residential receptors have a high sensitivity to change. Therefore the visual baseline in respect of residential receptors has been represented by a series of viewpoints which have been agreed with the consultees. These viewpoints are described below. Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way 11.4.71 This viewpoint is representative of a distant view from residential properties to the north of Smugglers Way. The view from the ground floor is dominated by a row of semi-mature trees directly in the foreground, with the Western Riverside Waste Transfer Station visible beyond. The site is visible in the background of the view. From upper storeys, views to the waste transfer station and the site are more apparent.
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Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way 11.4.72 This viewpoint is representative of the oblique view from the end of a residential terrace at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way. The view is dominated by industrial premises and the gas holder along Armoury Way, which largely obscures views to the site. Views from upper storeys encompass the corridor of the River Wandle and the site is more visible. Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences at the junction of Frogmore and Sudlow Road 11.4.73 This viewpoint is representative of the view from the end of a residential terrace at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way. The view is dominated by commercial and industrial premises along Frogmore and further characterised by the local presence of street trees. Views towards the site are largely obscured by the intervening buildings. Recreational 11.4.74 Recreational receptors (excepting those engaged in active sports) generally have a high sensitivity to change, as attention is focused on enjoyment of the townscape. The visual baseline in respect of recreational receptors is discussed below. Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path as it crosses the River Wandle 11.4.75 This viewpoint is representative of the view for recreational users of the Thames Path as it crosses the River Wandle to the north of the site. The view is linear and focused down the watercourse, foreshortened by the elevated railway line on a brick built viaduct. The view is contained to the east and west by large industrial units. Views towards the site are largely obscured. Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20 on The Causeway 11.4.76 This viewpoint is representative of the view for recreational users of National Cycle Route 20, which runs along The Causeway in this location. The viewpoint is located immediately south of the elevated railway line. The view is linear, focused down The Causeway and the River Wandle corridor. Views towards the site are partially obscured by storage within the maintenance depot to the north of the site, and mature vegetation around the boundary of the space. Viewpoint 2.3: View south west from the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle 11.4.77 This viewpoint is representative of the view for pedestrians and cyclists on The Causeway on the sluice and bridge at the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle. The view is directly focused towards the site, across Bell Lane Creek, characterised by the poorly maintained river wall and the existing buildings and structures at the site.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Transport 11.4.78
People travelling through an area generally have a medium sensitivity to change, although it is often the means by which the greatest numbers of people view the townscape. Viewpoint 3.1: View north from Armoury Way as it crosses the River Wandle
11.4.79
This viewpoint is representative of the glanced view from people travelling west along Armoury Way at the point where it crosses the River Wandle. The view towards the site is framed on either side by mature trees and vegetation close to the bridge. The background of the view is characterised by industrial premises in the vicinity of the site. Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Street This viewpoint is representative of the view from people travelling up Dormay Street towards the site. The view is linear, framed by industrial and commercial premises along Dormay Street. The site forms the background of the near distance view. The sensitivity to change of the viewpoints is summarised below. Vol 11 Table 11.4.3 Visual viewpoints sensitivities to change Viewpoint Residential Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences at the junction of Frogmore and Sudlow Road Recreational Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path as it High crosses the River Wandle Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20 on The Causeway Viewpoint 2.3: View south west from the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle Transport Viewpoint 3.1: View north from Armoury Way as it crosses the River Wandle Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Street Medium Medium High High High High High Sensitivity
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11.5.1
Effects during the construction phase would be temporary, although medium term due to the scale and necessary phasing of the proposed
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development. The proposed phasing of the development would result in intense periods of activity within relatively quieter phases. Construction phase site assessment 11.5.2 Direct effects on the townscape of the site would arise from the clearance of the site including demolition of buildings and structures, construction of a temporary bridge over Bell Lane Creek, erection of site hoardings and construction activity associated with the construction of the shaft and secondary lining of the tunnel. The effects on specific components of the site are described below: Vol 11 Table 11.5.1 Townscape effects on site components construction ID 01 Component Vegetation along Bell Lane Creek Vegetation along The Causeway Steel building Brick building Storage shelter River wall Effects Loss of some vegetation due to the construction of the temporary bridge over Bell Lane Creek. All vegetation would be retained and protected if necessary. Demolished at the start of construction. Demolished at the start of construction. Demolished at the start of construction. The river wall would be retained and structurally reinforced if necessary during the works.
02
03 04 05 06 11.5.3
The magnitude of change to the site during the construction period is considered to be high due to the substantial clearance required to form the construction site, including the demolition of buildings and structures, and the level of activity during construction in an area not currently used intensively. Although the site has a low level of tranquility, it would experience a high magnitude of change due to the intensity of construction activities at the site. The high magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the low sensitivity of the site to change, means the effect of the proposed construction activity on the townscape resource of the site would be of moderate adverse significance. Construction phase townscape assessment Bell Lane Creek
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The proposed site does not form part of the setting for this character area, as the railway viaduct and existing buildings separate the two areas. The presence of cranes is likely to affect the setting of the area only marginally. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be low.
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The area has a high level of tranquility at present, which is likely to be largely unchanged due to the careful routing of construction traffic. Therefore, the magnitude of change to tranquility is considered to be negligible. The low magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the medium sensitivity of this character area, means the proposed construction activity would give rise to a negligible effect on Bell Lane Creek. Smugglers Way Industrial The proposed site does not form part of the setting for this character area, as the railway viaduct and existing buildings separate the two areas. The presence of cranes is not likely to substantially affect the setting of the area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The area has a low level of tranquility at present, which is likely to be largely unchanged due to the careful routing of construction traffic. Therefore, the magnitude of change to tranquility is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the low sensitivity of this character area, means proposed construction activity would give rise to a negligible effect on Smugglers Way Industrial. Dormay Street Industrial The proposed site is surrounded by this character area. While the area is largely introspective in character, the local setting around Bell Lane Creek would be substantially altered through the demolition of existing buildings and the introduction of intense construction activity at the site, including the presence of cranes and a relatively large volume of road transport. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be high. The area has a low level of tranquility at present, which is likely to be substantially affected due to the demolition of buildings, intensity of construction activity and increased HGV movements. Therefore, the magnitude of change to tranquility is considered to be high. The high magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the low sensitivity of this character area, means the effect of the proposed construction activity on Dormay Street Industrial would be of moderate adverse significance. Old York Road Mixed Use The proposed site does not form part of the setting for this character area, as the railway viaduct and existing buildings separate the two areas. The presence of cranes is not likely to substantially affect the setting of the area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The area has a moderate level of tranquility at present, which is likely to be largely unchanged due to the careful routing of construction traffic. Therefore, the magnitude of change to tranquility is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the medium sensitivity of this character area, means the proposed
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construction activity would give rise to a negligible effect on Old York Road Mixed Use. Wandsworth Town Conservation Area 11.5.18 The proposed site does not form part of the setting for this character area, as existing industrial and commercial buildings separate the two areas. The presence of cranes is likely to affect the setting of the area only marginally. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be low. The area has a low level of tranquility at present, which is likely to be affected by construction traffic along Armoury Way. However, this route is already relatively busy and used by HGV traffic, therefore the magnitude of change to tranquility is considered to be low. The low magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the medium sensitivity of this character area, means the effect of the proposed construction activity on Wandsworth Town Conservation Area would be of minor adverse significance. Wandsworth Town Hall 11.5.21 The proposed site does not form part of the setting for this character area, as existing commercial and residential buildings separate the two areas. The presence of cranes is not likely to substantially affect the setting of the area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The area has a low level of tranquility at present, which is likely to be largely unchanged due to the careful routing of construction traffic. Therefore, the magnitude of change to tranquility is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the low sensitivity of this character area, means the proposed construction activity would give rise to a negligible effect on Wandsworth Town Hall. Frogmore Residential 11.5.24 The proposed site does not form part of the setting for this character area, as existing industrial and commercial buildings separate the two areas. The presence of cranes is likely to affect the setting of the area only marginally. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be low. The area has a moderate level of tranquility at present, which is likely to be affected by construction traffic along Armoury Way. However, this route is already relatively busy and used by HGV traffic, therefore the magnitude of change to tranquility is considered to be low. The low magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the medium sensitivity of this character area, means the effect of the proposed construction activity on Frogmore Residential would be of minor adverse significance. Wandsworth Town Residential 11.5.27 The proposed site does not form part of the setting for this character area, as existing industrial, commercial and residential buildings separate the two areas. The presence of cranes is not likely to substantially affect the
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setting of the area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. 11.5.28 The area has a moderate level of tranquility at present, which is likely to be largely unchanged due to the careful routing of construction traffic. Therefore, the magnitude of change to tranquility is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the medium sensitivity of this character area, means the effect of the proposed construction activity would give rise to a negligible effect on Wandsworth Town Residential. Osiers Road Commercial 11.5.30 The proposed site does not form part of the setting for this character area, as the railway viaduct and existing buildings separate the two areas. The presence of cranes is likely to affect the setting of the area only marginally. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be low. The area has a low level of tranquility at present, which is likely to be largely unchanged due to the careful routing of construction traffic. Therefore, the magnitude of change to tranquility is considered to be negligible. The low magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the low sensitivity of this character area, means the proposed construction activity would give rise to a negligible effect on Osiers Road Commercial. The assessment of townscape effects during construction is summarised in the table below. Vol 11 Table 11.5.2 Townscape significance of effects - construction Townscape character area The site Bell Lane Creek Smugglers Way Industrial Dormay Street Industrial Old York Road Mixed Use Wandsworth Town Conservation Area Wandsworth Town Hall Frogmore Residential Wandsworth Town Residential Osiers Road Commercial Sensitivity Magnitude Effect Low Medium Low Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Low High Low Negligible High Negligible Low Negligible Low Negligible Low Moderate adverse Negligible Negligible Moderate adverse Negligible Minor adverse Negligible Minor adverse Negligible Negligible
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Construction phase townscape assessment night time effects 11.5.34 There are likely to be limited effects on night time character due to the proposed limit of 12 hour working at the site. However, this would mean that there would be some lighting of the site in the early morning and evening during winter. Effects on night time character will be considered in the ES. Construction phase visual assessment Residential Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way 11.5.35 Distant views from residences towards the site would be marginally affected during construction, due to the visibility of cranes above the roofs of intervening buildings. However, the cranes would be viewed in the context of the industrial area surrounding the site, in addition to the foreground visibility of the waste transfer station. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view would be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the proposed construction activity would give rise to negligible effects on this viewpoint. Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way 11.5.37 Distant views from residences towards the site would be marginally affected during construction, due to the visibility of cranes above the roofs of intervening buildings. However, the cranes would be viewed in the context of the industrial area surrounding the site, in addition to the foreground visibility of the waste transfer station. Construction traffic along Armoury Way would be intermittently visible, set against the context of existing busy traffic and HGV use of the road. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view would be low. The low magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the visual effect of the proposed construction phase would be of minor adverse significance. Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences at the junction of Frogmore and Sudlow Road 11.5.39 Distant views from residences towards the site would be marginally affected during construction, due to the visibility of cranes above the roofs of intervening buildings. However, the cranes would be viewed in the context of the industrial area surrounding the site, in addition to the visibility of the waste transfer station in the background of the view. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view would be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the proposed construction activity would give rise to negligible effects on this viewpoint.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Recreational
Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path as it crosses the River Wandle 11.5.41 Views from this location towards the site would be marginally affected during construction, due to the visibility of cranes above the railway viaduct. However, the foreground of the view would remain unchanged, and the cranes would be viewed in the context of the industrial area surrounding the site, in addition to the visibility of the waste transfer station. Therefore, the magnitude of change to this view would be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the proposed construction activity would give rise to negligible effects on this viewpoint. Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20 on The Causeway 11.5.43 Views from this location would be affected during construction. Site hoardings and construction activity in the site to the north of Bell Lane Creek would be highly visible in the foreground of the view. However, this is consistent with the existing industrial use of this part of the site. Construction activity at the main site, including cranes and vehicles crossing the temporary bridge over Bell Lane Creek, would be visible in the background of the view, set against the existing industrial context to the south. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view would be medium. The medium magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the visual effect of the proposed construction phase would be of moderate adverse significance. Viewpoint 2.3: View south west from the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle 11.5.45 Views from this location would be affected during construction. Site hoardings and construction activity in the sites to the north and south of Bell Lane Creek would be highly visible in the foreground of the view. However, this is consistent with the existing industrial use of this part of the site. Construction activity at the main site, including cranes and vehicles crossing the temporary bridge over Bell Lane Creek, would also be visible in the foreground of the view, set against the existing industrial context. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view would be medium. The medium magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the visual effect of the proposed construction phase would be of moderate adverse significance.
11.5.42
11.5.44
11.5.46
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Transport
Viewpoint 3.1: View north from Armoury Way as it crosses the River Wandle 11.5.47 Views from this location would be marginally affected during construction, due to the visibility of cranes above the roofs of intervening buildings. However, the cranes would be viewed in the context of the industrial area surrounding the site. Construction traffic along Armoury Way would be intermittently visible, set against the context of existing busy traffic and HGV use of the road. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view would be low. The low magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the medium sensitivity of the receptor, means the visual effect of the proposed construction phase would be of minor adverse significance. Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Street 11.5.49 Views from this location would be affected by site hoardings and the presence of construction activity and cranes in the background of the view, and the visibility of construction traffic along Dormay Street. Works at the site would be generally consistent with the existing industrial use of the site, although levels of construction activity would be considerably more intense than at present. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view would be medium. The medium magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the medium sensitivity of the receptor, means the visual effect of the proposed construction phase would be of moderate adverse significance. The assessment of visual effects during construction is summarised in the table below. Vol 11 Table 11.5.3 Viewpoint effects - construction Viewpoint Residential Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences at the junction of Frogmore and Sudlow Road Recreational Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path as it crosses the River Wandle High Negligible Negligible High Negligible Negligible Sensitivity Magnitude Effect
11.5.48
11.5.50
11.5.51
High
Low
Minor adverse
High
Negligible
Negligible
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Viewpoint Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20 on The Causeway
Section 11: Townscape and visual Sensitivity Magnitude Effect High Medium Moderate adverse Moderate adverse
Viewpoint 2.3: View south west High from the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle Transport Viewpoint 3.1: View north from Armoury Way as it crosses the River Wandle Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Street Medium
Medium
Low
Minor adverse Moderate adverse
Medium
Medium
11.6
11.6.1
Operational assessment Operational assessment results Year 1 of operation

The operational scheme would have little activity associated with it, aside from infrequent maintenance visits approximately every ten years. Therefore, for all townscape character areas it is considered that the proposed development would have a negligible effect on tranquility. Operational phase site assessment Year 1 of operation The proposed development would have a direct and permanent effect on the townscape resource of the site. The permanent works layout would result in the site being returned to industrial use as part of the wider LB of Wandsworth compound, incorporating existing land to the west of Dormay Street. The shaft would be finished as an area of hardstanding, likely to be used for parking. The above ground structures would be incorporated alongside the shaft, including the ventilation column, the ventilation structure and the control cabinet. The remainder of the site used during construction would be returned to industrial use. The effects on specific components of the site are described below: Vol 11 Table 11.6.1 Townscape site components effects Year 1 operation ID 01 Component Vegetation along Bell Lane Creek Vegetation along The Causeway Steel building Effects No effects during operation, although it is likely that any vegetation lost during construction would be replaced if considered appropriate following ecological surveys. No effects during operation.
11.6.2
02
03
Area of demolished building left as hardstanding.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street ID 04 05 06 11.6.3 Component Brick building Storage shelter River wall
Section 11: Townscape and visual Effects Area of demolished building left as hardstanding. Area of demolished building left as hardstanding. No effects during operation.
The majority of the site would be left as open hardstanding, replacing a mix of industrial buildings. The above ground structures would form fairly indistinct components within the site but would be likely to represent a high quality designed small industrial structure. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be medium. The medium magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the low sensitivity of the site, means the effect of the proposed development would be of minor beneficial significance. Operational phase townscape assessment Year 1 of operation Bell Lane Creek
11.6.4
11.6.5 11.6.6
The proposed development is not likely to alter the setting of this character area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change and medium sensitivity of this character area means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on Bell Lane Creek. Smugglers Way Industrial The proposed development is not likely to alter the setting of this character area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change and low sensitivity of this character area means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on Smugglers Way Industrial. Dormay Street Industrial The proposed site is surrounded by this character area. While the area is largely introspective in character, the local setting around Bell Lane Creek would be substantially altered through the replacement of existing buildings with areas of hardstanding and a high quality, small above ground structure comprising the ventilation columns and control cabinet. However, this use would be contiguous with the existing industrial nature of the wider area around Dormay Street. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be medium. The medium magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the low sensitivity of this character area, means the effect of the proposed development would be of minor beneficial significance. Old York Road Mixed Use The proposed development is not likely to alter the setting of this character area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible.
11.6.7 11.6.8
11.6.9
11.6.10
11.6.11
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The negligible magnitude of change and medium sensitivity of this character area means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on Old York Road Mixed Use. Wandsworth Town Conservation Area The proposed development is not likely to alter the setting of this character area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change and medium sensitivity of this character area means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on Wandsworth Town Conservation Area. Wandsworth Town Hall The proposed development is not likely to alter the setting of this character area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change and low sensitivity of this character area means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on Wandsworth Town Hall. Frogmore Residential The proposed development is not likely to alter the setting of this character area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change and medium sensitivity of this character area means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on Frogmore Residential. Wandsworth Town Residential The proposed development is not likely to alter the setting of this character area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change and medium sensitivity of this character area means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on Wandsworth Town Residential. Osiers Road Commercial The proposed development is not likely to alter the setting of this character area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change and low sensitivity of this character area means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on Osiers Road Commercial. The assessment of townscape effects during Year 1 of operation is summarised below. Vol 11 Table 11.6.2 Townscape character area effects Year 1 operation Townscape character area The site Bell Lane Creek Sensitivity Magnitude Effect Low Medium Medium Negligible Minor beneficial Negligible
11.6.13 11.6.14
11.6.15 11.6.16
11.6.17 11.6.18
11.6.19 11.6.20
11.6.21 11.6.22
11.6.23
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Townscape character area Smugglers Way Industrial Dormay Street Industrial Old York Road Mixed Use Wandsworth Town Conservation Area Wandsworth Town Hall Frogmore Residential Wandsworth Town Residential Osiers Road Commercial
Section 11: Townscape and visual Sensitivity Magnitude Effect Low Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Low Negligible Medium Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Minor beneficial Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible
Operational phase townscape assessment Year 1 of operation night time effects 11.6.24 It is likely that the operational scheme would have no substantial lighting requirements. Therefore, for all townscape character areas it is considered that the proposed development would have a negligible effect on night time character. Operational phase visual assessment Year 1 of operation Residential Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way 11.6.25 The elements of the proposed development would not be visible from this location due to screening provided by intervening built form. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on this viewpoint. Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way 11.6.27 The elements of the proposed development would not be visible from this location due to screening provided by intervening built form. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on this viewpoint. Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences at the junction of Frogmore and Sudlow Road 11.6.29 The elements of the proposed development would not be visible from this location due to screening provided by intervening built form. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view is considered to be negligible.
11.6.26
11.6.28
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The negligible magnitude of change, assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on this viewpoint. Recreational Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path as it crosses the River Wandle
11.6.31
The elements of the proposed development would not be visible from this location due to screening provided by intervening built form. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on this viewpoint. Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20 on The Causeway
11.6.32
11.6.33
Views from this location encompass the northern part of the site used during construction, which would be returned to its previous condition following the works. The background of the view would be altered through the replacement of industrial buildings with hardstanding and a small high quality designed ventilation and control kiosk structure. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be low. The low magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the visual effect of the proposed development would be of minor beneficial significance. Viewpoint 2.3: View south west from the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle
11.6.34
11.6.35
The foreground of views from this location would be altered through the replacement of existing industrial buildings and structures with an area of hardstanding and a small high quality designed ventilation and control kiosk structure. The changes brought about by the proposed scheme would create more open space alongside Bell Lane Creek, although the view would remain dominated by the industrial character of the area. Therefore, the magnitude of change is considered to be medium. The medium magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the high sensitivity of the receptor, means the visual effect of the proposed development would be of moderate beneficial significance. Transport Viewpoint 3.1: View north from Armoury Way as it crosses the River Wandle
11.6.36
11.6.37
The elements of the proposed development would not be visible from this location due to screening provided by intervening built form. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view is considered to be negligible. The negligible magnitude of change, assessed alongside the medium sensitivity of the receptor, means the proposed development would give rise to a negligible effect on this viewpoint.
11.6.38
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Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Street 11.6.39 Views from this location would be affected by the removal of an existing industrial building at the end of the linear view up Dormay Street, which would be replaced by hardstanding and a new small high quality designed ventilation and control kiosk structure. The view would be altered through creation of more open views to Bell Lane Creek, although the overall character of the view would remain dominated by the surrounding industrial uses. Therefore, the magnitude of change on this view is considered to be low. The low magnitude of change, when assessed alongside the medium sensitivity of the receptor, means the visual effect of the proposed construction phase would be of minor beneficial significance. The assessment of visual effects during Year 1 of operation is summarised below. Vol 11 Table 11.6.3 Viewpoint effects Year 1 of operation Viewpoint Residential Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences at the junction of Frogmore and Sudlow Road Recreational Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path as it crosses the River Wandle Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20 on The Causeway High Negligible Negligible High Negligible Negligible Sensitivity Magnitude Effect
11.6.40
11.6.41
High
Negligible
Negligible
High
Negligible
Negligible
High
Low
Minor beneficial Moderate beneficial
Viewpoint 2.3: View south west High from the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle Transport Viewpoint 3.1: View north from Armoury Way as it crosses the River Wandle Medium
Medium
Negligible
Negligible
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Viewpoint Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Street
Section 11: Townscape and visual Sensitivity Magnitude Effect Medium Low Minor beneficial
Operational assessment results Year 15 of operation

11.6.42 Townscape and visual effects arising from the proposed development, 15 years after completion may be altered by growth of vegetation established as part of the project, growth of vegetation in the wider assessment area or changes in the base case arising from redevelopment in the vicinity of the site. These may contribute to further generating beneficial effects on the surrounding townscape and visual receptors. This is to be defined further as part of the ongoing design development and will be reflected in the final assessment presented in the ES.
11.7
11.7.1

A number of measures embedded in the draft CoCP are of relevance to townscape and visual amenity. In addition, a process of iterative design and assessment has been employed to reduce adverse effects arising during construction. Significant adverse effects during construction, arising from crane and construction activity at the site, cannot be further mitigated because the scale of construction activities, primarily the height of cranes, and also construction deliveries, would obstruct views and adversely alter the townscape character. Therefore no further mitigation measures are proposed.
Operation
11.7.2 A process of iterative design and assessment has been employed to reduce adverse effects during operation, which will continue through the ongoing EIA. There would be no significant adverse effects during operation, and therefore no mitigation of operational effects is considered to be necessary.
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11.8
Vol 11 Table 11.8.1 Townscape assessment summary - construction Significance of effect Moderate adverse Negligible Negligible Moderate adverse Negligible Minor adverse Negligible Minor adverse Negligible Not required Not required No mitigation possible Not required No mitigation possible Not required No mitigation possible Not required No mitigation possible Mitigation Significance of residual effect Moderate adverse Negligible Negligible Moderate adverse Negligible Minor adverse
Assessment summary
Receptor
The site
Change to character due to demolition of buildings and intensity of construction activity.
Bell Lane Creek
No significant change in setting.
Smugglers Way Industrial
Dormay Street Industrial
Change to setting due to the presence of cranes, site hoardings, demolition of buildings, road transport and construction activity.
Old York Road Mixed Use
Marginal change to setting due to the presence of cranes and construction traffic.
Wandsworth Town Hall
Negligible Minor adverse
Frogmore Residential
Marginal change to setting due to the presence of cranes and construction traffic.
Wandsworth Town Residential
Negligible
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Negligible Not required Negligible
Osiers Road Commercial
Vol 11 Table 11.8.2 Visual assessment summary - construction Description of effect Significance of effect Negligible Minor adverse Negligible Not required No mitigation possible Not required Mitigation Significance of residual effect Negligible Minor adverse
Receptor
Residential No significant effects. Visibility of cranes.
Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way
Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way No significant effects.
Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences at the junction of Frogmore and Sudlow Road No significant effects.
Negligible
Recreational Negligible Not required No mitigation possible Moderate adverse No mitigation possible Negligible
Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path as it crosses the River Wandle
Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20 on The Causeway
Visibility of cranes and site hoardings for Moderate the northern part of the site. adverse Visibility of cranes, site hoardings, site activity and construction traffic.
Moderate adverse Moderate adverse
Viewpoint 2.3: View south west from the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle
Transport
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Description of effect Visibility of cranes and intermittent visibility of construction traffic. Moderate adverse No mitigation possible Moderate adverse Minor adverse No mitigation possible Minor adverse Significance of effect Mitigation Significance of residual effect
Receptor
Viewpoint 3.1: View north from Armoury Way as it crosses the River Wandle
Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Visibility of cranes, site hoardings, Street construction activity and construction traffic.
Vol 11 Table 11.8.3 Townscape assessment summary Year 1 of operation Significance of effect Minor beneficial Negligible Negligible Minor beneficial Negligible Negligible Negligible Mitigation Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required Not Significance of residual effect Minor beneficial
Receptor
The site
Loss of existing buildings and provision of new hardstanding areas and a high quality ventilation structure.
Bell Lane Creek
No significant effects.
Negligible Negligible Minor beneficial
Smugglers Way Industrial
Dormay Street Industrial
Setting changed through loss of existing buildings and provision of new hardstanding areas and a high quality ventilation structure.
Old York Road Mixed Use
Negligible Negligible Negligible
Wandsworth Town Hall
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Significance of effect required Negligible Negligible Negligible Not required Not required Not required Negligible Negligible Negligible Mitigation Significance of residual effect
Receptor
Frogmore Residential
Wandsworth Town Residential
Osiers Road Commercial
Vol 11 Table 11.8.4 Visual assessment summary Year 1 of operation Description of effect Significance of effect Negligible Negligible Mitigation Significance of residual effect Not required Not required Negligible Not required Negligible Negligible
Receptor
Residential No significant effects. No significant effects.
Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way
Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way No significant effects.
Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences at the junction of Frogmore and Sudlow Road No significant effects.
Negligible
Recreational Negligible Not required Negligible
Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path as it crosses the River Wandle
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Description of effect Background of the view altered through loss of existing buildings and visibility of new high quality designed ventilation structures. Foreground of the view altered through loss of existing buildings and visibility of new high quality designed ventilation structures. No significant effects. Minor beneficial Negligible Not required Not required Moderate beneficial Not required Moderate beneficial Minor beneficial Not required Minor beneficial Significance of effect Mitigation Significance of residual effect
Receptor
Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20 on The Causeway
Viewpoint 2.3: View south west from the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle
Transport Negligible Minor beneficial
Viewpoint 3.1: View north from Armoury Way as it crosses the River Wandle
Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Background of the view altered through Street loss of existing buildings and visibility of new high quality designed ventilation structures.
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11.9
11.9.1
The baseline data collection is complete for this site, aside from establishing a baseline for the night time character of the assessment area. The ES will include the summer baseline for each of the character areas and viewpoints. It will also include winter and summer photos for each character area and viewpoint. The study area for the assessment will be reviewed for the ES, based on the findings of the assessment. It may be appropriate to reduce the study area to focus the assessment on likely significant effects. Further work will be undertaken to establish a base case for the Year 15 operational assessment, using professional judgement aligned with future developments. The construction and operational assessments will be completed, including an assessment against the night time baseline. Ongoing work will be undertaken throughout the assessment process to identify design measures to minimise adverse effects arising from the proposed scheme in operation. Where possible, these will be embedded in the proposed development. Details of the project design and landscaping will be provided for the planning submission. Further work will be undertaken for the ES to establish the effects of the proposed development after the architectural and landscape design has been fully worked up. This will inform the assessment of operational effects in Year 1 and Year 15. Residual effects remaining after mitigation measures have been identified will be identified and recorded. Assessment of cumulative and in combination effects will be undertaken and reported in the ES.
11.9.2
11.9.3
11.9.4 11.9.5
11.9.6
11.9.7 11.9.8
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Section 12: Transport
12
12.1
12.1.1 12.1.2
Transport
Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant transport effects at the Dormay Street site. The site has the potential to affect transport in the following ways: a. Effects on pedestrian routes. b. Effects on cycle routes. c. Effects on bus routes and patronage. d. Effects on London Underground and National Rail services. e. Effects on river services and patronage. f. Effects on car and coach parking. g. Effects on highway layout, operation and capacity.
12.1.3 12.1.4
Each of these effects is considered within the assessment for both construction and operational phases of the project. This section details the site-specific findings for Dormay Street site. As detailed in Volume 5, the transport assessment also comprises assessment at Borough (sub area) and project-wide levels these assessments are contained in Volume 6. More detailed analysis of all three levels of assessment (site-specific, Borough level and project-wide) will be presented in the ES. This assessment provides a commentary on the anticipated transport effects of the project. When baseline data collection and analysis is complete a full quantitative transport assessment will be carried out. The assessment and mitigation text contained within this section is therefore based on professional judgement using available information at the time of writing.
12.1.5
12.2
12.2.1
Proposed development Construction

Construction details for the site relevant to the construction transport assessment are summarised in the table below.
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Vol 11 Table 12.2.1 Transport - site construction traffic details Description Assumed peak period of construction lorry movements Assumed average peak daily construction lorry vehicle movements Types of lorry requiring access Assumption Year 2 of construction
40 movements per day (20 two-way lorry trips) Excavation lorries Concrete lorries Rebar lorries Office lorries Pipe/Track/Oils lorries Grout/Materials lorries Plant deliveries lorries Cement lorries Imported fill lorries
Note: a movement represents a one way trip.
12.2.2
Vehicle movements would take place during the typical day shift of ten hours on weekdays (08:00 to 18:00) and five hours on Saturdays (08:00 to 13:00) with up to one hour before and after these hours for mobilisation of staff. Mobilisation may include: loading; unloading; and arrival and departure of workforce and staff at site and movement to and from the place of work. During construction it is assumed that all materials would be transported by road. Lorry routing during construction phasing A number of route options between the site and the Transport for London Road Network (TLRN) and Strategic Road Network (SRN) are under consideration for this site. Construction lorries would take the route of minimum impact between the site and TLRN The site would be accessed from Dormay Street, which is accessed from Armoury Way which accommodates eastbound traffic only and links the A3 to the south. Construction traffic heading towards the site from the A3 eastbound would route from West Hill (A3) onto Putney Bridge Road (A3), Armoury Way and into Dormay Street. Wandsworth Plain would be used by traffic approaching the site in a westbound direction (ie, east along A3 (East Hill)). Construction vehicles heading towards the A3 westbound would route east on Armoury Way, south on Fairfield Street, then west onto the A3.
12.2.3
12.2.4
12.2.5
12.2.6
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Armoury Way, Fairfield Street and Wandsworth Plain are one-way streets. Access to the site via the access on The Causeway would be for vehicles under 10 tonnes only due to the weight restriction on the bridge on The Causeway over Bell Lane Creek. Volume 11 Figure 12.2.1 indicates the construction traffic routes for access to/from the Dormay Street site. Construction routes are being discussed with TfL and the Local Highway Authority (LHA). Vol 11 Figure 12.2.1 Transport - construction traffic routes (see Volume 11 Figures document)
12.2.9
12.2.10
The histogram in Vol 11 Figure 12.2.2 below shows that peak activity at the Dormay Street site would occur in Year 2 of construction. This peak is earlier than the overall project-wide construction peak activity year of 2019.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Vol 11 Figure 12.2.2 Transport - construction lorry profile
Note: Figure shows indicative volumes and movements based upon assumed timings for the works. It is not a schedule and remains subject to change.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Construction workers 12.2.11
The construction site is expected to require a maximum workforce of approximately 65 people at any one time. The number and type of workers is shown below. Vol 11 Table 12.2.2 Transport - construction worker numbers Contractor Staff 08:0018:00 30 18:0008:00 5 Labour 07:0019:00 25 19:0007:00 15 08:0018:00 15 Client Staff 18:0008:00 2
12.2.12
It is difficult to predict with certainty the direction that workers would arrive/depart to and from the site. Staff could potentially be based in the local area or in the wider Greater London area and are unlikely to have the same trip attraction to primary routes as construction lorries. The method of distribution of worker trips on the transport networks, including the public transport services, is to be agreed with the Local Highway Authority (LHA) and Transport for London (TfL). Code of construction practice Measures incorporated into the CoCP to reduce transport impacts include measures in relation to HGV management and control such as specific vehicle routes to sites and holding areas for construction vehicles. They also include provision for management plans in relation to construction worker journeys to and from the site. The implementation of these measures has been assumed for the assessment of construction effects.
12.2.13
12.2.14
12.2.15
Operation
12.2.16 The permanent works would be located inside the enlarged LB Wandsworth depot but Thames Water would retain a right of access for operations and maintenance purposes. Access for maintenance vehicles would be via Dormay Street. Access would be required for a light commercial vehicle on a three to six monthly maintenance schedule. Additionally there would be more significant maintenance visits every ten years which would require access to enable two cranes to be brought to the site, which may require temporary suspension of on-street parking in the vicinity of the site.
12.2.17 12.2.18
12.3
12.3.1

Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. All consultee comments relevant to this site are presented in the table below.
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It is noted that it was reported in the Scoping Report that operational traffic effects were scoped out of the EIA. However, while the environmental effects associated with transport for the operational phase are not expected to be significant or adverse, the Transport Assessment which will accompany the ES as part of the application, will examine the operational phase in order to satisfy the relevant stakeholders that technical issues have been addressed (for example, those associated with access for maintenance activities). As this also allows conclusions in relation to environmental effects to be drawn, these have been included in the assessment for completeness. Vol 11 Table 12.3.1 Transport stakeholder engagement Organisation LB Wandsworth Comment Access difficult via the Frogmore Complex. The Borough confirmed that the Borough are happy to continue the current access arrangements rather than any realignment The Borough suggested access off Armoury Way and bridging the Wandle as an alternative routing. The bridge would provide a good legacy benefit. Response Swept path analyses will be undertaken and to determine accessibility for construction vehicles
LB Wandsworth
Providing a new bridge over the Wandle that is capable of carrying construction vehicles would require significant strengthening of the river banks and a large bridge. This is considered unfeasible for this project. River use is not considered to be feasible for this site considering the work required (dredging) to enable barge access. All future base case network conditions will be considered within the ES. Design option discussions with LB Wandsworth and TfL are ongoing.
LB Wandsworth
As a general comment, the Borough would prefer the use of river for movement of materials wherever possible
LB Wandsworth
Assessment should take into account potential changes to the gyratory proposed by other planning applications. If the Dormay Street junction with Armoury Way requires redesign, the needs of pedestrians and cyclists as well as vehicles must be considered.
Transport for London
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Baseline
12.3.3 The baseline methodology follows the standard methodology described in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.
Construction
12.3.4 The construction phase methodology follows the standard methodology described in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.
Operation
12.3.5 The operational phase methodology follows the standard methodology described in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.

12.3.6 The assumptions and limitations made for the transport assessment are as listed in Volume 5. Site specific assumptions for the site will be provided in the ES when the detailed assessment is presented. The preliminary assessment findings reported are qualitative and based on professional judgement.
12.3.7
12.4
12.4.1
Baseline conditions
The site is located on an area that currently accommodates two existing works depots. The construction site is bisected by Bell Lane Creek with the northern section bounded by The Causeway to the east, Bell Lane Creek to the south and west and the railway line to the north. The southern section of the site is bounded by Bell Lane Creek to the north, The Causeway to the east, industrial units/depots to the south and west. It is proposed that the north and south sections would be linked by a newly constructed temporary bridge. The surrounding area is predominantly industrial in character and the nearest residents to the interception site are situated to the south in an area between Dormay Street and Frogmore (75m from site boundary). The site is currently accessed via Dormay Street which joins the A3 on Armoury Way to the south of the site. Armoury Way forms part of the TLRN and operates in the eastbound direction only and accommodates four lanes of traffic. The following sub-sections describe the baseline conditions of the site in relation to pedestrians, public transport and highways. Sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the site are also identified. Vol 11 Figure 12.4.1 shows the Dormay Street Transport Site Plan. Vol 12 Figure 12.4.1 Transport site plan (see Volume 11 Figures document)
12.4.2
12.4.3
12.4.4
12.4.5
Pedestrian routes
12.4.6 There are footpaths located on both sides of Dormay Street and also a very narrow footpath on the eastern side of The Causeway. The Thames Path can be accessed from Armoury Way via The Causeway.
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There are dropped kerbs in place on Dormay Street where it meets Armoury Way. However, there is no tactile paving provided at this location. A signalised pedestrian crossing is in place to the west of Dormay Street where Armoury Way meets Wandsworth Plain. This crossing includes dropped kerbs and tactile paving on the Wandsworth Plain and Armoury Way western arm.
12.4.8
Cycle routes
12.4.9 There are a number of designated London Cycle Routes in the vicinity of the proposed site. A northbound cycle route runs along The Causeway and continues in an east-west direction along Smugglers Way and Enterprise Way. There is also a designated London Cycle Route along Armoury Way on the northern footway which routes eastwards towards Wandsworth Town Rail Station and westwards towards Putney.
12.4.10
Bus routes
12.4.11 The site is classified as having a Public Transport Accessibility Level (PTAL) of 5 which indicates that public transport provision in the vicinity is very good. There are bus stops located on the northern side of Armoury Way to the west of Dormay Street and on Wandsworth Plain to the south of Armoury Way. Volume 11 Figure 12.4.1 shows the location of the bus stops in the vicinity of the site. The destinations and frequency of the routes are also provided. Vol 11 Table 12.4.1 Transport bus service frequency Route Number 295 Distance from site (metres) Origin - Destination and Location of Bus Stop 890m - Bridgend Ladbroke Grove Sainsburys to Road Clapham Junction Station/Falcon Road 900m - Bridgend Clapham Junction Road Station/Falcon Road to Ladbroke Grove Sainsburys 355m - Armoury Richmond Bus Station to Way Northcote Road 445m Northcote Road to Richmond Wandsworth Bus Station Police Station 355m - Armoury Hammersmith Bus Station to Way Ram Street 445m Ram Street to Hammersmith Wandsworth Bus Station AM Peak (07:00-10:00) buses per hour 8
12.4.12
12.4.13
295
337 337
6 6
485 485
2 2
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Distance from site (metres) and Location of Bus Stop Police Station 300m Wandsworth Plain 480m Wandsworth South Side 355m - Armoury Way 900m - Bridgend Road 890m - Bridgend Road
Route Number
Origin - Destination
AM Peak (07:00-10:00) buses per hour PM Only
639
John Paul II School to Clapham Junction Station Clapham Junction Station to John Paul II School John Paul II School to Clapham Junction Station Falcon Road/Grant Road to Warwick Road Tesco Warwick Road Tesco to Falcon Road/Grant Road
639
PM Only
670 C3 C3 Total
PM Only 10 10 52
London Underground and National Rail stations

12.4.14 Wandsworth Town Rail Station is approximately 650m to the east of the site and services Waterloo Station and Staines. In the AM and PM peak hour, eight trains service Waterloo from Wandsworth Town rail station. Five trains and six trains service westbound routes in the AM and PM peak hour respectively. East Putney Underground Station, which lies on the District Line, is located approximately 2.6km to the west of the site. Trains servicing this stop route north to Earls Court and south to Wimbledon. In the AM and PM peaks, the frequency of northbound and southbound trains is approximately every four minutes.
12.4.15
River services
12.4.16 12.4.17 The site is located approximately 0.8km south of Wandsworth Riverside Quarter pier on the south bank of the River Thames. Wandsworth Riverside Quarter pier is served by the TfL River Bus which operates both east- and westbound. The eastbound service operates from Monday to Friday during peak hours (06:25, 07:35 and 08:10 in AM peak and 18:15 in PM peak). The westbound service operates from Monday to Friday with no service in the morning and 17:55, 19:10 and 19:50 services in the evening.
Parking
Existing on-street car parking 12.4.18 There is no on-street parking in place along Armoury Way or Dormay Street. However, there are a small number of spaces at the northern end of The Causeway which appear to be used by staff of the LB Wandsworth depots.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Existing off-street/private car parking 12.4.19
Traders Hall multi-storey car park is located on Buckhold Road which is open 06:00 to 23:00 Monday to Friday, 06:00 to 21:00 Saturdays and Sundays. There is capacity available for 315 spaces and there is a charge of 1.20 per hour and a maximum charge of 20.20 per 24 hours. It is situated within 0.5km walking distance from the site entrance. Sainsburys Car Park is located on 45 Garratt Lane and is open 08:00 to 22:00 Monday to Saturday and 11:00 to 17:00 Sunday. There is capacity available for 423 spaces and there is no charge for store customers. It is situated within 0.7km walking distance from the site entrance. Southside Shopping Centre multi-storey car park is located on Mapleton Crescent which is open 24 hours Monday to Sunday. There is capacity available for 875 spaces and there is a charge of 1.20 per hour and a maximum charge of 20.20 per 24 hours for its use. It is approximately a 0.8km walk to this car park from the site entrance. B&Q car park located in Smugglers Way is open 07:00 to 21:00 Monday to Friday, 07:00 to 20:00 Saturday and 10:00 to 16:00 Sunday. There is no charge for B&Q customers and it is approximately 0.8km walking distance from the site. Riverside West car park located in Smugglers Way is open 24 hours Monday to Sunday. There is a charge of 1.90 per hour and a maximum charge of 30.35 per day. It is approximately 0.9km walking distance from the site entrance. There are no coach parking within the vicinity of the site, with the nearest being Earls Court coach park 4.0km north of the site.
12.4.20
12.4.21
12.4.22
12.4.23
12.4.24
Highway network
12.4.25 A site visit was undertaken on Tuesday 10th May 2011 between the hours of 08:00 and 09:00 to observe the peak hour traffic volumes on the road network adjacent to the proposed site access. Dormay Street is a narrow two-way cul-de-sac that leads to a number of industrial units and a LB Wandsworth depot. The Causeway is also a narrow cul-de-sac that accommodates two-way traffic flow. However due to the restricted width only one direction of flow is possible at a time. Access to the LB Wandsworth depot is located at the northern end of The Causeway. Armoury Way is a four lane eastbound route that accommodates only one direction of traffic flow. There are wide footpaths provided on both sides of the road and a speed limit of 30mph is in place. There are no weight restrictions in place on Armoury Way and it is designated a TfL Red Route. The Causeway forms a priority junction with Dormay Street just north of the Dormay Street/ Armoury Way junction which is also a priority junction. Armoury Road forms part of a one-way gyratory system which routes vehicles east along Armoury Way, south along Ram Street, west along
12.4.26 12.4.27
12.4.28
12.4.29 12.4.30
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Wandsworth High Street and north along either Wandsworth Plain or West Hill.
Survey data
Description of surveys 12.4.31 Baseline survey data for the Dormay Street site were collected in June 2011 to establish the existing transport movements in the area. Manual and automated traffic surveys were undertaken to establish specific traffic, pedestrian and cycle movements including turning volumes, queue lengths, saturation flows, degree of saturation and traffic signal timings. The following junction surveys were undertaken in the vicinity of the Dormay Street site to understand highway operation in the area. a. The Causeway / Dormay Street b. Armoury Way / Dormay Street c. 12.4.33 A3 Old York Road / Ram Street / A3 Armoury Way d. A3 Wandsworth High Street / A218 Buckhold Road. Pedestrian surveys were undertaken in the following locations: a. Bell Lane Creek The Causeway, Enterprise Way Link b. The Causeway north of the Rail line towards the River Wandle. 12.4.34 12.4.35 An Automated Traffic Count (ATC) was undertaken on Swandon Way. A parking survey was undertaken on The Causeway between Armoury Way and the arch under the rail bridge to establish occupancy of on-street parking spaces at this location. Results of surveys 12.4.36 Data obtained from the surveys were being processed at the time of writing and will be reported fully in the ES.
12.4.32
Data from third party sources

12.4.37 Data in relation to traffic flows, public transport services and patronage and accidents has been sourced from TfL and were being processed at the time of writing. Data will be reported fully in the ES.
Transport receptors and sensitivity

12.4.38 The receptors and their sensitivities in the vicinity of the site are summarised in Vol 11 Table 12.4.2. The transport receptor sensitivity is defined as high, medium or low using the criteria detailed in Volume 5. As the assessment undertaken is judgement based (rather than being based on quantitative analysis), it has not been possible to identify the effects at individual receptors. A commentary is however provided on the effects upon individual receptor groups; namely pedestrians and cyclists in the local area and users/operators of the local bus services, rail network, river services, parking and local highway network. A full assessment will be provided in the ES.
12.4.39
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Vol 11 Table 12.4.2 Transport receptor values/sensitivities Value/sensitivity and justification High Receptor Residents on Frogmore, Dormay Street and Armoury Way Business owners, small commercial units and workplace occupiers along Frogmore, Dormay Street, The Causeway and Armoury Way Pedestrians and cyclists using Frogmore, Dormay Street, The Causeway and Armoury Way Emergency vehicles accessing the commercial and residential units within the local area. Private vehicle users in the area using the local highways or parking. No receptors with low sensitivity.
Medium Low
12.5
12.5.1
At this stage in the assessment process a qualitative assessment has been undertaken based on discussions with TfL and the LHAs, knowledge of the transport networks and their operational characteristics in the vicinity of each site and knowledge of the construction programme, duration and levels of construction activity. These elements have been considered in the context of the range of receptors present in each location and the significance criteria identified. Professional judgement has been applied to determine qualitatively the likely effects and their significance in each location being assessed. The Transport Assessment will include full quantitative and qualitative analysis and the transport effects reported in the ES will be based on that detailed analysis.
12.5.2
Construction base and development cases

Assessment year 12.5.3 As described in Volume 5, 2019 has been used as the construction assessment year for all sites, as agreed with TfL, to enable a networkwide assessment. The peak period for vehicle trips to the site is predicted to be in Year 2 of construction which will be the assessment year for local network assessments and will be contained in the ES. The assessment is undertaken for the network-wide 2019 assessment year.
12.5.4
12.5.5
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Assessment area 12.5.6 12.5.7
The area being assessed for the Dormay Street site is based on discussions with LB Wandsworth and Transport for London. Local roads and junctions included in the assessment are as follows: a. The Causeway / Dormay St b. Armoury Way / Dormay St
12.5.8
These roads and junctions would be assessed for highway, cycle and pedestrian impacts. The Thames Path would also be included within the assessment due to its proximity to the development site. Local bus and rail services, as identified on Vol 12 Figure 12.4.1, would also be assessed.
Construction base case

12.5.9 The construction base case takes into account traffic growth and new developments within the local area by 2019. As described in para. 3.4.1 there are no major new developments planned in the vicinity of the Dormay Street site. The LB Wandsworth has however asked that the proposed development of the Ram Brewery is included in the base case for the transport assessment. The brewery site is located to the south of Armoury Way, approximately 100m from the Dormay Street site access and comprises (upon current application of) a 2.8ha site of mixed use development comprising residential, office, retail, showroom and community/leisure uses, as well as a microbrewery. There would also be underground parking associated with the development and alterations to the River Wandle. The following sub-sections detail what is assumed to change between the baseline and base case scenarios with respect to the different transport aspects considered. Pedestrian routes 12.5.11 Pedestrian routes are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions. The base case therefore assumes the same pedestrian routes as set out in Section 12.4. Cycle routes 12.5.12 Cycle routes are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions and therefore the base case assumes the same cycle routes as set out in Section 12.4. Bus routes and patronage 12.5.13 Bus routes are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions and therefore are assumed to be the same in the base case. Bus patronage is anticipated to increase, the effect of which will be detailed in the Transport Assessment.
12.5.10
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London Underground and National Rail and patronage 12.5.14 London Underground routes are assumed to be the same as baseline conditions as no changes are anticipated. LUL patronage is anticipated to increase, the effect of which will be detailed in the Transport Assessment. National Rail routes are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions. National Rail patronage is anticipated to increase, the effect of which will be detailed in the Transport Assessment. River services and patronage 12.5.16 River services are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions. River services patronage is anticipated to increase, the effect of which will be detailed in the Transport Assessment. Parking 12.5.17 Coach and car parking provision is assumed to be the same as baseline conditions as no changes are anticipated. Highway layout 12.5.18 The physical layout of the highway network is not anticipated to change from baseline conditions and therefore the base case assumes the same highway layout. Highway operation 12.5.19 Population growth and development in the wider area will result in an increase in traffic on the surrounding highway network. As a result of this increase, it is anticipated that traffic flows may be heavier and queues longer. Highway capacity analysis 12.5.20 Baseline traffic flows (from the junction surveys) will be used, and forecasting carried out, to understand the capacity on the highway network in the vicinity of the Dormay Street site in 2019 without the Thames Tunnel project. The scope of this analysis is currently being agreed with LB Wandsworth and Transport for London. The full assessment of the highway operation and capacity analysis will be undertaken in the ES. Construction development case 12.5.22 12.5.23 The construction development case comprises the base case plus construction activities associated with the Dormay Street site. This section addresses the changes that would arise as a result of the Thames Tunnel construction activities at the Dormay Street site. Construction vehicle movements 12.5.24 It has been assumed for the purposes of the assessment that construction lorry movements are limited to the day shift only (08:00 to 18:00), The table below shows the construction lorry movement assumptions for the local peak traffic periods. These are based on the peak months of
12.5.15
12.5.21
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construction activity at this site. The table also shows the construction worker movements expected to be generated by the site. 12.5.25 These movements are based on the assumption that all material is transported to and from the site by road. Vol 11 Table 12.5.1 Transport forecast construction vehicle movements Vehicle movements per time period* Vehicle type Construction vehicle movements 10%* Worker vehicle movements Total Total Daily 40 0 40 07:00 to 08:00 0 0 0 08:00 to 09:00 4 0 4 17:00 to 18:00 4 0 4 18:00 to 19:00 0 0 0
* As explained in Volume 5 it has been assumed that a maximum of 10% of daily construction vehicle movements associated with materials would take place in each of the peak hours.
12.5.26
Assuming all excavated material and other material is taken by road, an average peak flow of 40 lorry movement a day is expected during the construction period. Modal split The Dormay Street site has a PTAL of 5 which indicates very good public transport accessibility. Given the lack of available parking at this site it is expected that workers would travel to the site by means other than the private car. Information regarding the travel arrangements of these workers will be included in the Worker Travel Plan document for the site (to be submitted as part of the application). Pedestrian routes No pedestrian routes run through the site and therefore none would be impacted on directly by the construction site development. Cycle routes No cycle routes run through the site and therefore none would be impacted on directly by the construction site development. Bus routes and patronage No bus services run through the site and therefore none would be impacted on by the construction site development. London Underground and National Rail and patronage No underground or rail services run through the site and therefore none would be impacted on by the construction site development.
12.5.27
12.5.28
12.5.29
12.5.30
12.5.31
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Volume 11: Dormay Street River services and patronage 12.5.32
No river services run through the site and therefore none would be impacted on by the construction site development. Parking No public parking would be impacted on by the worksite area. Highway layout The highway layout would not be impacted on by the worksite area. Highway operation Highway operation would not be impacted on by the worksite area.
12.5.33 12.5.34 12.5.35
12.5.36 This section summarises the preliminary findings of the assessment undertaken for the 2019 assessment year based on professional judgement. A more detailed assessment will be presented in the ES. Pedestrian routes 12.5.37 The increase in vehicle traffic along Dormay Street and The Causeway would make these routes less desirable for pedestrians, including those wishing to use the Thames Path. The width of Dormay Street at the junction with Armoury Way would need to be increased to accommodate the movements of construction lorries and avoid them encroaching across more than one lane of Armoury Way when leaving Dormay Street. This would increase the distance that pedestrians would have to travel to cross Dormay Street at this junction. Given both the increased pedestrian crossing distance and additional construction traffic, coupled with the effect on the Thames Path, it is expected that the effect on pedestrian routes would be moderate adverse. Cycle routes 12.5.40 The existing shared footway/cycleway on the northern footway of Armoury Way would be affected by the widening of the Dormay Street/Armoury Way junction as described above. The cycle route along The Causeway would also be impacted by construction vehicles using The Causeway to reach the northern part of the construction site. With the encroachment by construction vehicles on the cycle route on The Causeway and the widening of the Dormay Street / Armoury Way junction, it is expected that the effect on cycle routes would be moderate adverse. Bus routes and patronage 12.5.43 12.5.44 The routing of bus services in the area would not be affected by the construction works at the Dormay Street site. It is anticipated that there would be a proportion of labourers and staff using buses to access the site during construction, however, it is expected that the effect on bus routes and patronage would be negligible.
12.5.38
12.5.39
12.5.41
12.5.42
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London Underground and National Rail and patronage 12.5.45 The underground service at East Putney Underground Station and the rail service at Wandsworth Town Rail Station would not be impacted by the location of a construction site at Dormay Street. It is anticipated that there would be a proportion of labourers and staff using rail to access the site during construction, however, it is expected that the effect on London Underground and National Rail services would be negligible. River services and patronage 12.5.47 Construction materials to/from the Dormay Street site would not be transported by river and therefore would not alter or affect any river services. It is anticipated that there could be a proportion of labourers and staff using river services to access the site during construction. It is expected that the effect on river services would be negligible. Parking 12.5.50 As there is no on-street parking on Armoury Way or Dormay Street there would be no effect on car parking provision in these areas. The small number of spaces at the northern end of The Causeway may however need removal and relocation. It is therefore expected that the effect on parking would be minor adverse. Highway layout 12.5.51 Heavy vehicles wishing to undertake the right turn from Armoury Way into Dormay Street would not be able to do so without encroaching on the kerbed area that separates The Causeway from Armoury Way. Also, heavy vehicles would encroach across more than one traffic lane on Armoury Way when exiting Dormay Street if the current kerb arrangements were to remain in place. Realignment of kerbs would therefore be undertaken at the Dormay Street / Armoury Way junction to facilitate the movement of large construction vehicles. This would include the provision of adequate footway widths for pedestrians/cyclists together with dropped kerbs and appropriate signage. The width of Dormay Street is constrained in places and is insufficient to accommodate the two-way flow of heavy vehicles. It is expected that a new access to the site from Dormay Street would need to be constructed to the south of the existing access in order to accommodate the proposed site layout. It is expected that the effect on the local highway layout would be moderate adverse. Highway operation 12.5.56 No changes are proposed to highway operation. It is therefore expected that the effect on the highway operation would be negligible.
12.5.46
12.5.48 12.5.49
12.5.52
12.5.53 12.5.54
12.5.55
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Highway capacity analysis 12.5.57
The level of construction vehicle movements expected at this site are comparatively low in the context of the amount of traffic already using the road network in the surrounding area. Given the low construction traffic movements, it is expected that the effect on highway capacity would be minor adverse. Significance of effects
12.5.58
12.5.59
The significance of the transport effects described above has been determined as part of the ongoing assessment and analysis. With regard to the application of the IEMA criteria detailed in Volume 5, this is based on professional judgement for the purposes of this assessment. During construction, the number of heavy goods vehicle movements would be moderate. The nature of the construction site layout at this location is considered likely to result in a minor to moderate adverse effect on road network operation and delay. Effects on pedestrian and cyclist amenity and safety are expected to be moderate adverse.
12.5.60
12.6
12.6.1
This section summarises the preliminary findings of the assessment based on professional judgement. The results summarised below will be presented in more detail in the ES. A qualitative approach to the assessment is appropriate due to the transport activity during the operational phase being very low. The transport elements have been considered in the context of the range of receptors present in each location and the significance criteria identified. Professional judgement has been applied to determine qualitatively the likely effects and their significance in each location being assessed. The transport effects reported in the ES will be based on more detailed information and qualitative analysis where this is appropriate.
12.6.2
Operational base and development cases

Assessment year 12.6.3 As outlined in Volume 5 the operational assessment year has been taken as Year 1 of operation. As transport activity associated with the operational phase is very low, there is no requirement to assess any other year beyond that date. Assessment area 12.6.4 The assessment area for the operational assessment remains the same as for the construction assessment as set out in paras. 12.5.6-12.5.7. This includes those roads and junctions which lead to/from the Dormay Street site to the SRN and TRLN.
Operational base case

12.6.5 The operational base case takes into account traffic growth and new developments within the local area by Year 1 of operation. Identified new developments are identified in Section 3.5.
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The following sub-sections detail what is assumed to change between the baseline and base case scenario with respect to the different transport aspects considered. Pedestrian routes Pedestrian routes are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions. The base case therefore assumes the same pedestrian routes as set out in Section 12.4. Cycle routes Cycle routes are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions and therefore the base case assumes the same cycle routes as set out in Section 12.4. Bus routes and patronage Bus routes are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions and therefore are assumed to be the same in the base case. Bus patronage is anticipated to increase between 2011 (baseline) and Year 1 of operation and this assessment will be detailed further in the Transport Assessment. London Underground and National Rail and patronage London Underground routes are assumed to be the same as baseline conditions as no changes are anticipated. It is anticipated that LUL patronage will increase between 2011 and Year 1 of operation and this assessment will be detailed further in the Transport Assessment. National Rail routes are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions. It is anticipated that National Rail patronage will increase between the baseline and Year 1 of operation and this assessment will be detailed further in the Transport Assessment. River services and patronage River services are not anticipated to change from baseline conditions. It is anticipated river service patronage will increase between the baseline and Year 1 of operation and this assessment will be detailed further in the Transport Assessment. Parking Parking provision is not anticipated to change from baseline conditions. Highway layout The physical layout of the highway network is not anticipated to change from baseline conditions. Highway operation Population growth and development in the surrounding area will result in an increase in traffic on the surrounding highway network. As a result of
12.6.7
12.6.8
12.6.9 12.6.10
12.6.11 12.6.12
12.6.13 12.6.14
12.6.15 12.6.16
12.6.17 12.6.18
12.6.19
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this increase, it is anticipated that traffic flows may be heavier and queues longer. Highway capacity analysis 12.6.20 Baseline traffic flows (from the junction surveys) are being used and forecasting carried out to understand the capacity on the highway network in the vicinity of Dormay Street site in Year 1 of operation without the Thames Tunnel project. The scope of this analysis is being agreed with LB Wandsworth and Transport for London and will be reported in the ES. Operational development case 12.6.21 The operational development case for the site includes any permanent changes in the vicinity of Dormay Street site as a result of the Thames Tunnel project and takes into consideration the occasional maintenance activities required at the site. Trip generation 12.6.22 For routine three or six monthly inspections and equipment exercising, vehicular access would be required for light commercial vehicles. In most cases this would be typically a transit van. On occasion there may be a consequent need for small flatbed lorries with lifting cranes, for example to remove plant from the site. During 10 yearly inspections, sites for placing two large cranes would be required. The cranes would facilitate lowering and recovery of tunnel inspection vehicles and to provide duty/standby access for personnel. Modal split 12.6.24 It is anticipated that all trips during the operational phase would be using transit van or large construction vehicles. No trips would be made by public transport, walking or cycling due to the nature of maintenance requiring equipment that can only be transported by vehicles. Pedestrian routes 12.6.25 The footways and kerb alignments adjacent to the site would be reinstated following the construction phase. There would be an additional pedestrian island on Dormay Street at junction with Armoury Way to provide site access for construction and subsequent maintenance vehicles. Cycle routes 12.6.26 The designated cycle routes within the area would be maintained and would not be affected during the operational phase. There would be an additional pedestrian island on Dormay Street at the junction with Armoury Way to provide site access for construction and subsequent maintenance vehicles. Bus routes and patronage 12.6.27 No impact is expected on any bus services as a result of the operational phase and it is not anticipated that operational staff journeys would be made by bus.
12.6.23
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Bus services in the vicinity would not be affected by the occasional maintenance activity during this phase. London Underground and National Rail and patronage No change is expected to any London Underground or National Rail service in the operational phase and it is not anticipated that operational staff journeys would be made by rail. River services and patronage No change is expected to any river services as a result of the operational phase. Parking No impact is expected on parking as a result of the Dormay Street site during operation. Highway layout The site would be accessed via Dormay Street during the operational phase. Highway operation Occasional maintenance vehicles would service Dormay Street every three to six months. When larger vehicles are required to service the site, there may be some delay to other road users.
12.6.29
12.6.30
12.6.31
12.6.32
12.6.33 12.6.34
Operational effects
12.6.35 This section summarises the preliminary findings of the operational assessment undertaken for the Year 1 of operation assessment year. Pedestrian routes 12.6.36 As a result of the occasional maintenance trips anticipated at Dormay Street during the operational phase, there would be a negligible effect on pedestrian routes in the area and footways adjacent to the site. Cycle routes 12.6.37 As a result of the occasional maintenance trips anticipated at Dormay Street during the operational phase, there would be a negligible effect on cycle routes in the area and on the roads surrounding the site. Bus routes and patronage 12.6.38 As a result of the occasional maintenance trips anticipated at Dormay Street during the operational phase, there would be a negligible effect on bus routes and patronage. London Underground and National Rail and patronage 12.6.39 London Underground and National Rail services would not be affected by the occasional maintenance trips anticipated at Dormay Street during the operational phase.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street River services and patronage 12.6.40
River services would not be affected by the occasional maintenance trips anticipated at Dormay Street during the operational phase. Parking As a result of the highly infrequent maintenance trips anticipated at Dormay Street during the operational phase, there would be a negligible effect on on-street parking in the local area. Highway layout In the operational phase the current highway layout would be restored, with the construction access retained, resulting in a negligible effect on the local highway layout. Highway operation As a result of the occasional maintenance trips anticipated at Dormay Street during the operational phase, there would be a negligible effect on highway operation. Highway capacity analysis It is expected that the effect on highway capacity would be negligible. Significance of effects The significance of the transport effects described above has been determined as part of the ongoing assessment and analysis. With regard to the application of the IEMA criteria detailed in Volume 5, this is based on professional judgement for the purposes of this assessment. During the operational phase there would be very occasional vehicle trips to and from the site for maintenance activities but these would have a negligible effect on the surrounding transport networks (in terms of delay and safety) and pedestrian/cyclists.
12.6.41
12.6.42
12.6.43
12.6.44 12.6.45
12.6.46
12.7
12.7.1 12.7.2

Measures contained in the draft CoCP of relevance to transport are summarised in Section 12.2. The project has been designed to limit the effects on the transport networks as far as possible and many measures have been included directly in the design of the project. Any mitigation which is required is detailed below. Pedestrian routes At this location, the junction of Dormay Street and Armoury Way would require safe crossing points and routes for pedestrians. Cycle routes At this location, the junction of Dormay Street and Armoury Way would require safe crossing points and routes for cyclists.
12.7.3
12.7.4
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Bus routes and patronage 12.7.5 12.7.6
No mitigation measures would be required for bus services. London Underground and National Rail and patronage No mitigation measures would be required for underground or rail services. River services and patronage No mitigation measures would be required for river services. Parking Assuming that any parking removed along The Causeway is relocated if demand required, no mitigation is needed. Highway layout The provision of a pedestrian refuge island on Dormay Street may be required and this will be discussed further with TfL and LB Wandsworth. Highway operation No mitigation measures would be required for highway operation. Highway capacity No mitigation measures would be required for highway capacity.
12.7.7 12.7.8
12.7.9
12.7.10 12.7.11
Operation
Pedestrian routes 12.7.12 12.7.13 12.7.14 No mitigation would be required for the operational phase. Cycle routes No mitigation would be required for the operational phase. Bus routes and patronage Bus services and patronage would not be significantly affected by the operation of Dormay Street therefore no mitigation would be required. London Underground and National Rail and patronage 12.7.15 London Underground and National Rail services would not be affected by the operation of the Dormay Street site therefore no mitigation would be required. River services and patronage 12.7.16 River services and patronage would not be affected by the operation of Dormay Street therefore no mitigation would be required. Parking 12.7.17 12.7.18 No mitigation would be required for the operational phase. Highway layout The highway layout would be restored to the existing layout and would not be affected by the operation of Dormay Street. As a result no mitigation would be required for the operational phase.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Highway operation 12.7.19
The number of trips associated with Dormay Street during the operational phase would be very low and infrequent and for maintenance purposes only. No mitigation would therefore be required to address highway operation issues. Highway capacity As the local highway network would not experience a significant detrimental effect from the operational proposals, there would therefore be no requirement for highway improvement mitigation.
12.7.20
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12.8
Vol 11 Table 12.8.1 Transport assessment summary - construction Effect Some additional patronage from construction workers Negligible Negligible None required Increased lorries in narrow street Widened crossing points Moderate adverse Provision of safe routes and crossing points where needed. Increased lorries in narrow street Widened crossing points Significance Moderate adverse Mitigation Provision of safe routes and crossing points where needed. Residual significance Moderate adverse
Assessment summary
Receptor
Pedestrians in the local area / Pedestrians using the Thames Path
Cyclists in the local area
Moderate adverse
Bus users and operators
Negligible
Rail users and operators Negligible
None required
Negligible
River users and operators
Some additional patronage from construction workers Some additional patronage from construction workers Loss of on-street parking (to be relocated) Minor adverse
None required
Negligible
Parking
None required
Minor adverse
All road users Movement of large construction vehicles Highway layout changes including
Minor to moderate adverse
Possible provision of pedestrian refuge island on Dormay Street
Minor adverse
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Effect junction modifications Delay to journey time. Vol 11 Table 12.8.2 Transport assessment summary - operation Effect Occasional maintenance trips. Occasional maintenance trips. Occasional maintenance trips. No effect. No effect. No effect. Occasional delay to road users when large maintenance vehicles accessing site. Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible None required None required None required None required Negligible None required Negligible None required Negligible None required Significance Mitigation Significance Mitigation Residual significance
Receptor
Receptor
Pedestrians in the local area
Residual significance Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible
Cyclists in the local area
Bus users and operators
Rail users and operators
River users and operators
Parking users
All road users
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12.9
12.9.1
In addition to the baseline survey data collected and data obtained from Transport for London (strategic model data and additional ATC and junction count data), there is a need for additional data to supplement the data set. This baseline data collection is currently underway. When baseline data collection (including data from third party sources) and analysis is complete a full transport assessment will be carried out. This will include a detailed analysis of all three levels of assessment (sitespecific, Borough level and project-wide) and will include an assessment of cumulative and in combination effects. The scope of analysis will be agreed with TfL and the LHA and will include the identification of effects at individual receptors. This full assessment will be reported in the ES (and Transport Assessment). Following completion of the assessment the mitigation approaches for transport within the project will be finalised and reported in the ES and Transport Assessment.
12.9.2
12.9.3
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Section 13: Water resources - ground
13
13.1
13.1.1 13.1.2
Water resources groundwater

Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant groundwater effects at the Dormay Street site. The Scoping Report identified that in the absence of appropriate measures within the design, there is potential for effects on groundwater resources from both the construction and operational phases at the site.
13.2
13.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to groundwater are as follows. Construction The infrastructure relevant to the consideration of groundwater, at the site would include: a. the drop shaft with secondary lining b. the interception chamber for the existing CSO overflow. c. the connection culvert assumed for the purpose of this assessment to be approximately 40m long and 4m to 6m deep
13.2.2
13.2.3
The proposed methods of construction for the various elements of the site, of relevance to the groundwater assessment, are summarised in the table below. Also contained in this table are approximate time-scales and depths. Vol 11 Table 13.2.1 Groundwater - methods of construction
Design element
Method of construction Assumed for the purposes of this assessment to be dry caisson excavations digging out and Spray Concrete Lining (SCL) built up, with a secondary lining Sheet piles Sheet piles
Construction periods
Construction depth*
CSO drop shaft
1 year
Deep
Interception chambers and culvert Connection (to drop shaft) 13.2.4
<1 year <1year
Shallow Shallow
* In terms of construction depth - Shallow (means <10m) and Deep (>10m)
No dewatering would be required as the shaft would be constructed mainly within London Clay (non-aquifer).
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No ground treatment would be needed for construction of the drop shaft or connection tunnel to the main tunnel. Operation During operation the presence of permanent below ground structures at the site could interfere with shallow groundwater, forming a barrier to flow locally around the site. The operation of the tunnel and shaft at the site could potentially result in the leakage of stormwater and effluent into the groundwater system. The shaft and tunnel would be robustly designed to minimise this risk.
13.2.6
13.2.7
13.3
13.3.1

Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. There were no site specific comments from consultees relating to this topic for this particular site. Construction The construction phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site. Operation The operational phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site. Assumptions and limitations The assessment is based on a qualitative approach only. The list of receptors is based on the best available information from the Environment Agency on abstractions (both licensed and GSHP schemes).
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4 13.3.5
13.4
13.4.1
Baseline conditions
The CSO drop shaft to the proposed Frogmore Connection Tunnel is likely to pass through made ground, Alluvium, River Terrace Deposits and London Clay as summarised in the table below. Vol 11 Table 13.4.1 Groundwater - ground conditions and hydrogeology Top of Formation Formation Elevation mATD 103.18 100.68 100.28 Depth below ground level (m) 0.00 2.50 2.90
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Thickness (m) 2.50 0.40 2.10
Hydrogeology
Made Ground Alluvium River Terrace Deposits
Perched Water Upper Aquifer
Section 13: Water resources - ground Top of Formation
Formation
Elevation mATD
Depth below ground level (m) 5.00 24.10 36.40 38.90 49.50
Thickness (m)
Hydrogeology
London Clay B A3ii A3i A2 Harwich
98.18 79.08 66.78 64.28 53.68
19.10 12.30 2.50 10.60 0.1
Aquiclude
Aquitard / Aquifer
13.4.2
The shaft would be founded in London Clay and would be constructed using a sheet pile cut-down (to seal out the upper aquifer) and sprayed concrete lining (SCL) with placed segments to form a secondary lining. At the site, the depth of the shaft would be at approximately 81mATD and approximately 2m thick reinforced concrete base plug would be formed at the base of the shaft. The connection culvert from interception chamber to drop shaft would be approximately 40m in length and it is assumed for the purpose of this assessment that its invert level would be approximately at 99mATD within River Terrace Deposits. The River Terrace Deposits or upper aquifer is classified as a secondary A aquifer. The thickness of River Terrace Deposits is likely to be approximately 2.1m at the site on the basis of ground investigation boreholes. There are two boreholes monitoring groundwater levels in the upper aquifer. Groundwater levels range from approximately 101.5mATD to approximately 102.3mATD, consistently above the top of the River Terrace Deposits. The shaft would not extend down into the lower aquifer. There would be a separation distance of over 40m between the base of the shaft and the top of the Thanet Sands (an undetermined thickness of the Upnor Beds above the Thanet Sands is assumed to be the effective top of the lower aquifer. The Upnor Beds are not expected to be greater than 5m to 8m thick). Water level monitoring in ground investigation boreholes indicates that piezometric heads in more permeable units of London Clay (A3ii) are at approximately 102.5m ATD, above the base of the shaft. Upward pressures may therefore impact on the excavations. The piezometric head in the Harwich Formation is at 95m ATD within the London clay and the high piezometric heads (approximately 102.5m ATD) above the invert level of shaft recorded in the Upper Shelley Beds (top of the Lambeth Group). However, the level of the shaft invert is considered to be sufficiently high to avoid any groundwater effects from both formations.
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13.4.3
13.4.4
13.4.5
13.4.6
13.4.7
13.4.8
Monitoring locations and hydrograph are included in Appendix E. The site does not lie within any Source Protection Zone (SPZ) as defined by the EA. The nearest SPZ is located in the Chalk and lies 4km away to the southeast. The regional direction of groundwater flow in the Chalk is to the north-northeast, towards central London. There is one licensed groundwater abstraction for industrial, commercial and public services from the confined Chalk approximately 600m to the northeast of the site. There are no unlicensed abstractions near to the site based on information provided by the local council. There is one Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) schemes licensed from the Chalk and located 0.3km to the northeast. There are no other environmental designations relevant to groundwater in the vicinity of the site. A slight exceedence of the environmental quality standards (EQS) on one occasion in 2009 for Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) was recorded in water samples taken from ground investigation (GI) borehole where the standpipe installation is within River Terrace Deposits. There were also slight exceedences of the drinking water standards (DWS) and the environmental quality standards (EQS) for PAHs, Copper and Nickel in two boreholes where the standpipe installation is within London Clay. An exceedence for Copper and Nickel occurred in one borehole where the sampled formation is not known. The nearest EA groundwater quality monitoring borehole is located 0.3km southeast at King Georges Park. This is located within the Chalk and indicates some exceedences of the EQS for Ammonia, Silver and also some pesticides. The flood risk assessment states that there are no groundwater flooding incidents within the vicinity of the site, based on information from the LB of Wandsworth SFRA. Further details on the baseline conditions at the site are provided in Appendix E. Appendix B contains a summary of the water quality information from the land quality assessment. Monitoring is continuing and would extend the baseline which would inform the assessment in the ES.
13.4.11
13.4.12
13.4.13
13.4.14
13.4.15
13.4.16 13.4.17
Receptor summary
13.4.18 Groundwater receptors which could be affected during construction or operation are summarised in the table below. Vol 11 Table 13.4.2 Groundwater receptors Receptor Groundwater Resources Upper Aquifer Lower Aquifer Construction
Operation
Comment Penetrated by shaft Base of shaft >40m above the lower aquifer
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Receptor Construction
Section 13: Water resources - ground Operation Comment Nearest abstraction is located150m to the northeast from the Chalk (lower aquifer), in direction of chalk groundwater flow None known Nearest GSHP scheme is from the Chalk, 300m to the northeast
Abstractions Licensed
Abstractions Unlicensed GSHP Schemes
Note: Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
13.5
13.5.1
The drop shaft passes for most of its depth through London Clay so no groundwater issues are expected in connection with construction of the shaft and no dewatering or depressurisation is proposed. The main potential effects could arise as a result of the interception chamber and connection culvert creating a physical obstruction to flow in the upper aquifer for a period of less than one year. This could cause a rise in groundwater level up gradient and fall down gradient and consequent change in groundwater storage and flood risk. On the basis of monitoring at the site, there is no significant groundwater contamination in the upper aquifer and the excavations would not create a pathway for migration of contamination into the lower aquifer as the shaft would be founded in London Clay. Activities involving grout would only use products that are acceptable to the EA and would be covered by the CoCP to minimise the risk of pollution. Impact magnitude The magnitude of impacts would be confirmed once the local groundwater conditions are established by local ground investigation currently being undertaken as part of the project, and the direction of groundwater flow relative to the interception chamber and connection culvert is known. This will be reported in the ES. The magnitude of the impact on groundwater levels is currently expected to be minor or negligible ie a slight rise in groundwater levels may take place on the upstream/ southern side of the structure. The impacts would be mitigated by cutting down the top of the sheet pile walls around the excavations following construction. Where necessary the pile can be piped through at a low level to allow through flow and prevent a build-up of groundwater levels
13.5.2
13.5.3
13.5.4
13.5.5
13.5.6
13.5.7
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There is no significant contamination in the upper aquifer (see Appendix E) so the magnitude of any impact associated with groundwater quality is negligible. A summary of the impacts and likely magnitude is provided in the table below. Vol 11 Table 13.5.1 Groundwater impacts and magnitudes construction Impact Physical obstruction to flow in the upper aquifer and resultant rise in groundwater level Creation of pathway for pollution Magnitude, and justification Minor or negligible; to be confirmed following ground investigation. Negligible; no significant contamination near surface and no pathway into lower aquifer
13.5.9
Receptor sensitivity 13.5.10 In terms of receptors, the upper aquifer is a secondary aquifer and is categorised in Volume 5 as being of medium importance, as summarised in the table below. Vol 11 Table 13.5.2 Groundwater receptor values/sensitivities construction Receptor Upper aquifer Significance of effects 13.5.11 A summary of significance of the effects is shown in the table below. There are negligible effects on groundwater as a result of activities at the site. Vol 11 Table 13.5.3 Groundwater significance of effects construction Effect Change in groundwater storage and flood risk as a result of physical obstruction in upper aquifer Significance, and justification Negligible effect Value/sensitivity and justification Medium importance; secondary aquifer
13.6
13.6.1
The operational case and development case are derived from current baseline conditions as described in Section 13.4 and the supporting appendix. The possible future change from current baseline conditions is taken into account by considering a range of groundwater levels in the assessments. The Water Framework Directive commits EU member states to achieve good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies (including marine waters up to kilometre from shore) by 2015. The Directive defines
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13.6.2
'surface water status' as the general expression of the status of a body of surface water, determined by the poorer of its ecological status and its chemical status. Thus, to achieve 'good surface water status' both the ecological status and the chemical status of a surface water body need to be at least 'good'. 13.6.3 It is assumed for the purpose of assessment that no build up of groundwater would takes place around the underground structures, the sheet pile walls to be put in around the interception chambers and culvert tunnel would be removed or at least cut off at a level above the base of the upper aquifer.
Operational assessment results

13.6.4 13.6.5 The impact is considered to be of negligible magnitude resulting in a negligible effect. Seepage out of the shaft into the upper aquifer is expected to be negligible given that the shaft will be full on relatively few occasions (which increases the risk of seepage). The shafts would also have a secondary lining to minimise the risk to the upper aquifer. Seepage into, and out of, the shaft would be prevented by the double lining, this should ensure that this risk is fully minimised over the asset life. No other operational effects are envisaged. A summary of the impacts and likely magnitude is provided in the table below. Vol 11 Table 13.6.1 Groundwater impacts and magnitudes operation Impact Magnitude
13.6.6
13.6.7
Physical obstruction to flow in the upper Negligible; piles removed or shortened. aquifer and resultant rise in groundwater level Seepage out of the shaft affecting groundwater quality (upper aquifers) Seepage into the shaft affecting groundwater resource Receptor sensitivity 13.6.8 The upper aquifer is a secondary aquifer and is categorised in Volume 5 as being of medium importance, as summarised in the table below. Vol 11 Table 13.6.2 Groundwater receptor values/sensitivities operation Receptor Upper aquifer Significance of effects 13.6.9 A summary of significance of the effects is shown below. Value/sensitivity Medium importance; secondary aquifer Negligible, design of shaft would include a secondary lining Negligible, design of shaft would include a secondary lining
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Vol 11 Table 13.6.3 Groundwater significance of effects - operation Effect Change in groundwater storage and flood risk as a result of physical obstruction in upper aquifer Changes to groundwater quality as a result of seepage from the shaft Significance Negligible effect
Negligible effect
13.7
13.7.1
The project includes a number of environmental design elements (see Section 13.4). This section contains the mitigation measures to be taken to address the impacts identified within the assessment.
Construction
13.7.2 The possible build up of groundwater in the upper aquifer would be addressed by the environmental design. No other effects were identified therefore no mitigation is required.
Operation
13.7.3 No effects are identified in the operational assessment and therefore no mitigation is required.
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13.8
Vol 11 Table 13.8.1 Groundwater assessment summary - construction Effect Negligible effect None required Significance Mitigation Residual Significance Negligible effect Negligible effect
Assessment summary
Receptor
Upper aquifer
Change in groundwater storage and flood risk as a result of physical obstruction in upper aquifer Negligible effect (not a significant contamination near surface and no pathway into lower aquifer) None required
Upper aquifer
Creation of pathway for pollution
Vol 11 Table 13.8.2 Groundwater assessment summary - operation Effect Negligible effect Significance Mitigation None required Residual Significance Negligible effect None required None required Negligible effect Negligible effect
Receptor
Upper aquifer
Change in groundwater storage and flood risk as a result of physical obstruction in upper aquifer
Upper aquifer
Deterioration in groundwater quality caused by seepage out of the shaft
Negligible effect (design of shaft would include a secondary lining) Negligible effect (design of shaft includes double lining)
Upper aquifer
Seepage into shaft affecting groundwater resources
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13.9
13.9.1 13.9.2 13.9.3
Local groundwater conditions data from ongoing ground investigation work will inform the ES. Assessment of cumulative and in combination effects will be undertaken and reported in the ES. Following completion of the assessment the mitigation approaches for groundwater within the project will be finalised and reported in the ES.
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Section 14: Water resources surface
14
14.1
14.1.1
Water resources surface water

Introduction
This section presents the preliminary findings of the assessment of the likely significant surface water effects at the Dormay Street site. This assessment: a. identifies the existing water resources baseline conditions b. identifies the future base case conditions against which the project should be assessed c. identifies both the beneficial and adverse effects of the project during construction and operation and assess the significance of the effects
d. identifies any residual effects with respect to surface water resources potentially affected by the project, both during construction and operation. 14.1.2 Groundwater resources are assessed separately in Section 13. Similarly land quality is addressed in Section 8. A Level 1 Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) has been carried out separately and is included in Section 15. The project-wide effects on the Thames Tideway, particularly the water quality improvements anticipated from the project are assessed separately in Volume 6.
14.1.3
14.2
14.2.1
The proposed development is described in Section 3 of this volume. The elements of the proposed development relevant to surface water resources are described in the following sections. The Code of Construction Practice (CoCP) includes a number of measures that are important in protecting water quality and these are referred to as appropriate. Construction The site spans the Bell Lane Creek, with construction areas to the north and south of the Creek. It is proposed that a temporary Bailey bridge be constructed over the Creek to allow vehicle movement between the north and south of the site and it is anticipated that piled supports would be needed in the channel of the Creek to support the bridge span. No dewatering or ground treatment would be required at this location. Disposal of dewatering effluent could have an impact on surface water resources. Construction controls To prevent pollution from leaks or spillages, contaminating substances would be stored in leakproof containers, with secondary containment equal to 110% of the volume of the container, in a safe and secure building or compound. Areas for transfer of contaminating substances, including refuelling, oiling and greasing, would be similarly protected and activities would take place above drip trays or on an impermeable surface with sealed drainage or oil interceptor. All wash down of vehicles
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
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(including wheel washing) and equipment would take place in designated areas and washwater would be prevented from passing untreated into drains or holding areas prior to pumping. These measures are detailed in the CoCP. 14.2.5 The CoCP would be adhered to at all times and good construction techniques followed to ensure protection against pollution incidents. In addition, relevant EA guidance would be followed, including the following: a. General Guide to the Prevention of Pollution: PPG 1 b. Works and maintenance in or near water: PPG 5 c. PPG 6 Pollution prevention guidance for working at construction and demolition sites
d. Vehicle washing and cleaning: PPG 13 e. Dewatering of Underground Ducts and Chambers: PPG 20 f. Incident Response Planning: PPG 21 g. Storage and handling of drums and intermediate bulk containers (IBCs): PPG 26. 14.2.6 14.2.7 Appropriate maintenance of vehicles and plant would also minimise pollution during construction. Suitable spill kits would be provided and positioned in vulnerable areas and staff would be trained in their use and a record should be kept of all pollution incidents or near-misses, to ensure appropriate action is taken and lessons are learned from incidents. Regular toolbox talks would be held to raise staff awareness of pollution prevention and share lessons learned from any recorded incidents. There would be written procedures in place for dealing with spillages and pollution (the Pollution Incident Control Plan or PICP). The PICP would contain the following as a minimum: a. guidance on the storage and use of hazardous materials with the aim of preventing and containing spills and releases b. guidelines on the degrees of containment which take account of the nature of the materials and the sensitivity of the environment c. procedures to be adopted in the event of a pollution incident, to contain and limit any adverse effects
d. procedures and appropriate information required in the event of any incident such as a spillage or release of a potentially hazardous material e. systems for notifying appropriate emergency services, the EA and other relevant authorities, Thames Water and the Contractor's personnel f. arrangements for notifying appropriate statutory bodies and local authorities of pollution incidents where required to by legislation.
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The operation of the tunnel would enable the interception and control of storm water flows which would otherwise discharge to the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO. There would therefore be a reduction in the frequency, duration and volume of spills from the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO.
14.3
14.3.1
The construction/operational phase assessment methodology follows the standard methodology provided in Volume 5. There are no site specific variations for this site.
Scoping and engagement

14.3.2 Volume 4 documents the scoping and technical engagement process which has been undertaken. The Scoping Report was prepared before the Dormay Street site was identified as a potential alternative site and therefore has not been the subject of a formal scoping exercise. The scope for surface water for this site has drawn on the scoping response received from the LB of Wandsworth.

14.3.3 Full results from project ground investigations were not available at this stage in the assessment process and as such, assessment of contamination risk from works on the foreshore (eg, sediments) and from intrusive ground works at the site are based on existing records of contamination (see Section 8 Land quality assessment for further details). Definition of Thames Tideway conditions and current CSO operation during future base and development cases are reliant on model simulations. The model simulations are therefore presented to show the relative change in CSO discharges with a consistent set of catchment and sewer system assumptions. Future climate change simulations have not been completed at this stage; therefore the impact of climate change will be considered and presented in the ES. The assessment of the beneficial effect of a reduction in sewage derived litter and pathogens discharged to the Thames Tideway has been inferred from catchment modelling simulations of the reduction in discharge volume, frequency and duration and have not been directly modelled. Effects of discharges on dissolved oxygen levels in the river have been simulated using the catchment model and the Tidal Thames QUESTS model.
14.3.4
14.3.5
14.3.6
14.4
Baseline conditions Current conditions

Surface water receptors
14.4.1
A list of surface water receptors and their status under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is included in Vol 11 Table 14.4.1, which are
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either within the vicinity of the site, or downstream of the site and therefore have the potential to be affected by the proposed scheme. 14.4.2 Due to the dilution effect of the Tideway, the effects of construction activities would be localised to the waterbodies listed and this section assesses only the impacts local to the proposed site at Dormay Street. Therefore, only the Thames Middle, River Wandle and Bell Lane Creek waterbodies are considered in the assessment for Dormay Street. Vol 11 Table 14.4.1 Surface water receptors
Water body name / ID Hydromorphological Status Heavily modified Heavily modified Current ecological quality Moderate potential Poor potential Current chemical quality Fail Good 2015 Predicted ecological quality Moderate potential Poor potential 2015 Predicted chemical quality Fail Good
Thames Middle GB530603911402 Wandle (Croydon to Wandsworth) and the R. Graveney GB106039023460 Bell Lane Creek
Assessed as part of the River Wandle (see para. 14.4.4)
Water quality 14.4.3 The Thames Middle (which stretches from Battersea Bridge to Mucking Flats) can be considered to be a high value waterbody as although its current and predicted status in 2015 (target date from River Basin Management Plan) is moderate potential, there is a status objective of good by 2027 vii. In addition, the Thames is a valuable resource and plays an important role as a water resource, and for habitat provision, amenity, recreation, and transport throughout London. The River Wandle is currently classified as being of poor status, with an overall status objective of good by 2027. It is therefore also considered to be a high value receptor. Although the Bell Lane Creek is not classified under the WFD, it is a tributary of the Wandle and for the purposes of this assessment it would therefore be considered to be a part of the Wandle. Current CSO operation 14.4.5 Using the June 2011 catchment model of the sewer system, the current operation of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO has been characterised and the annual average duration, frequency and volume of spill has been defined as follows: a. the CSO spills on average of 26 times per year b. the CSO spills for an average duration of 124 hours per year c. the spill volume from the CSO is approximately 17,300m3 per year.
14.4.4
vii
Thames River Basin Management Plan Annex B: Water Body Status Objectives, Environment Agency, 2011
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The polluting load data that is discharged from the CSO (Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD, Ammoniacal-N and Total Oxidised Nitrogen TON) will be provided to inform the ES. Dissolved oxygen The discharge from Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO contributes to the depletion of dissolved oxygen in the River Wandle and the River Thames as a result of the biological breakdown of organic matter in the discharges. This causes both a localised (at Wandsworth) and more widespread (Thames Tideway wide) cumulative effect of lowering dissolved oxygen levels. The half tide plots showing the oxygen depleting effects of the CSO, treatment works and other discharges to the Thames Tideway will be included in the ES. Exposure to pathogens Each discharge also increases the risk of exposure to pathogens for river users who come into contact with water. An assessment of health impacts upon recreational users of the River Thames was conducted and reported by the Health Protection Agency in 2007 37. This concluded that risk of infection can remain for two to four days following a spill as the water containing the spill moves back and forward with the tide. The same study also noted that analysis of the illness events reported against discharges on the Thames Tideway show that 77% of patient cases had been rowing within three days of CSO discharge. Assuming the average 26 spills per annum occur on separate days, this could lead to a maximum of 104 days per year where recreational users are at risk of exposure to pathogens in the locality of the Frogmore Storm Relief to Bell Lane Creek CSO. Sewage derived litter The operation of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO results in the discharge of sewage litter along with the discharge of effluent. It was estimated by the Thames Tideway Strategic Study (TTSS) that overflows from the combined sewers introduce approximately 10,000 tonnes of sewage derived solid material to the Thames Tideway annually. June 2011 catchment modelling of the current CSO operation defined the average volume of discharge from the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO as being 17,300m3, representing 0.04% of the total volume discharged to the Thames Tideway annually. This suggests that 4t of sewage derived litter currently discharged from the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO annually. Receptors designated sites The River Thames and Tidal Tributaries are designated as a Site of Metropolitan Importance. There are no additional internationally, nationally or locally designated hydraulically linked conservation sites within 2km of the proposed construction site that could be affected by the
14.4.7
14.4.8
14.4.9
14.4.10
14.4.11
14.4.12
14.4.13
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construction. The effects of the overall scheme on the internationally designated sites in the Lower Thames are covered separately in Volume 6. Receptors discharges and abstractions 14.4.14 Other than the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO there are four other consented discharges within 1 km of the Dormay Street site: a. Frogmore SR Buckhold Road CSO lies approximately 300m upstream of the site on the river Wandle b. Putney Bridge CSO lies approximately 1 km upstream of the site on the River Thames c. approximately 250m downstream of the site, on the River Thames, ie, the Jews Row Wandle Valley SR
d. the Jews Row Falconbrook SR CSO. 14.4.15 14.4.16 There are no licensed surface water abstractions within 1km of the site. Contamination Historical mapping indicates that the site is located within former industrial area close to gas and tar works; nearby sites known to be impacted with hydrocarbons. One of the boreholes on site indicated the presence of copper within the groundwater, at levels which may breach environmental quality standards. See Section 8 for full details of potential on-site contamination. Foreshore 14.4.17 During the time between high and low tide, the foreshore of Bell Lane Creek at Dormay Street is exposed. Based on mean high and low water levels, there is up to approximately 15m of exposed foreshore in the locality of the site.
Base case
Construction base case 14.4.18 The Lee Tunnel and the TTQI projects (improvement works at Mogden, Beckton, Crossness, Long Reach and Riverside STWs) would be operational by the time construction commences. Significant improvements in the water quality in the Thames Tideway are anticipated as a result of these projects. The construction base case would therefore be the water quality in the Thames Tideway with the TTQI and Lee Tunnel schemes in place. Results from modelled simulations of conditions in 2021 (as simulated model runs are only available for 2006 and 2021) with the TTQI and Lee Tunnel in place have therefore been used for the base case. Operation base case 14.4.20 For the assessment of operational impacts, the effects have been assessed against a base case of Year 1 of operation. As described in the methodology section in Volume 5, this base case year takes account of
14.4.19
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the effects that other major schemes would have on the quality of the Thames Tideway as explained in the construction base case above. 14.4.21 Results from modelled simulations of conditions in 2021 with the TTQI and Lee Tunnel in place have therefore been used for the base case.
14.5
14.5.1
As described in Volume 5, the construction effects have been assessed against the relevant WFD objectives and targets set by other legislation. Surface water receptors are identified in Vol 11 Table 14.4.1. The WFD objectives as taken from Article 4 of the WFD are as follows: a. WFD1 Prevent deterioration of the status of all bodies of surface water b. WFD2 Protect, enhance and restore all bodies of surface water, with the aim of achieving good surface water status by 2015. c. WFD3 Protect and enhance all artificial and heavily modified bodies of water, with the aim of achieving good ecological potential and good surface water chemical status by 2015.
14.5.2
d. WFD4 Reduce pollution from priority substances and cease or phase out emissions, discharges and losses of priority hazardous substances.
Identification of construction impacts

Enabling works 14.5.3 To connect the two parts of the site and enable works traffic to move around the site at Dormay Street, a Bailey type bridge with piled supports would be constructed over the Bell Lane Creek. The bridge would be constructed above the current flood defence level, although there would still be a direct pollution pathway to the Bell Lane Creek (and therefore an indirect pathway to the River Wandle and the downstream Thames Middle waterbody) for contaminated run-off, high suspended solids and other pollution from the site during construction works. The condition of the flood defences at Bell Lane Creek has not been assessed at this point and the contractor would determine the need for strengthening works. However, it is assumed for the purposes of this assessment that some strengthening and stabilisation works would be required in order to ensure no adverse impact on the defences from the construction works and therefore also no increase in flood risk to the construction site and the areas which lie behind the construction site. It is assumed that the new flood defences, if needed, would be constructed using sheet piling, with tubular piling supports as required. No assessment or modelling of the scour that may result from the new flood defences or the piled bridge supports has been carried out at this point, but it is not anticipated that scour would be significant. The defences would maintain the current defence line and standard and the scour should therefore be similar to the current situation. Flow volume and velocity within the Bell Lane Creek is relatively low and are controlled by
14.5.4
14.5.5
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sluice gates owned and operated by the EA, which should limit the degree to which scour could be generated around the piled bridge supports. 14.5.6 The new defence can be designed to reduce the effects of scour at the face of the new defences and around the bridge supports, although rip-rap or gabions may be required to prevent damage to structures. However, due to the absence of scour modelling for the bridge piles, it is not known whether it will be possible to design out all effects from scour, the effects are considered in this section for their significance and requirement for specific mitigation. Site drainage 14.5.7 Site runoff has the potential to become polluted with a number of substances during construction activities, which may include the following: a. silt and suspended solids from earthworks and exposed soils b. oil and fuels from machinery and equipment maintenance and refuelling c. concrete or cement from spillages during spraying and pouring d. hazardous substances from ground contamination exposed during earthworks and construction. 14.5.8 These pollutants could leak to the Thames Tideway or be directly discharged to it as part of the surface water discharge. Any effects on the Thames Tideway from leakage or discharges would be adverse, although of short duration before remedial action was taken. Due to the proximity of the bridge to the Bell Lane Creek there is a direct pathway for spillages and surface water containing elevated levels of suspended solids to enter the Creek from vehicles transporting material over the bridge. This could then indirectly affect the downstream Wandle and Thames Middle waterbodies. Water tight parapets would be constructed on the bridge to maintain flood defence integrity, but these would also act as containment for spillages and will direct run-off away from the Creek and towards the drainage serving the rest of the working area. The water tight parapets will also ensure no contaminated material or silt can wash off the bridge due to flood waters. The likelihood of pollution effects occurring would be greatly reduced by the use of sealed site drainage for the site. Where possible, all site drainage would be drained and discharged to mains foul or combined sewers and where this is not practicable, the site would be drained such that accumulating surface water would be directed to holding or settling tanks, separators and other measures prior to discharge to the Bell Lane Creek or Wandle. It is assumed for the purposes of the assessment that foul drainage from the site welfare facilities would be connected to the mains foul or combined sewer. There should therefore be no impact pathway from the routine discharge of foul drainage from the site and there is considered to be no effect on the Bell Lane Creek/ Wandle or Thames Middle waterbodies.
14.5.9
14.5.10
14.5.11
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It is considered that via the proposed drainage management, the pollution pathway would be managed sufficiently to reduce the pollution risk to negligible. It is considered that via the adherence to the measured detailed in section 14.2 during construction works, the pollution pathway can be managed sufficiently to reduce the pollution risk to negligible. Contamination and dewatering Historical mapping indicates that the site is located within former industrial area close to gas and tar works; nearby sites known to be impacted with hydrocarbons. One of the boreholes on site indicated the presence of copper within the groundwater, at levels which may breach environmental quality standards. However, it is not anticipated that dewatering or ground treatment would be required at this location as the majority of the shaft would be excavated through the London Clay Formation (see Section 13).
14.5.13
14.5.14
14.5.15
Assessment of construction effects

14.5.16 The table below gives a summary of the assessment of effects during construction at Dormay Street against: a. WFD environmental objectives b. local impacts c. whether other legislative targets are likely to be affected.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Vol 11 Table 14.5.1 Surface water assessment summary - construction WFD Objectives met? WFD1 WFD2 WFD3 WFD4 Local effects or Duration and Other Legislative reversibility effects
Impact
Water body
Assessment and likely effect
Increased scour and changes to sediment movement (piled bridge supports)
River Wandle (incorpor ating Bell Lane Creek) Temporary until end of construction. Largely reversible as silt movement within the Thames Tideway and Creek would naturally reinstate the foreshore after time. N/A The Wandle (incorporat ing the Bell Lane Creek) is a heavily modified waterbody and only needs to achieve good potential The scour rates are considered to have an effect locally only. The effect on morphology is not considered to result in deterioration of the Wandle status.
Loss of river bed and increased suspended solids from scour due to piling within the Bell Lane Creek and River Wandle. Changes to sediment movement which may remove sediment at other sites.
Although the effect would potentially prevent enhancement and protection of the morphology of the Bell Lane Creek and the Wandle, the effect is considered to be reversible and temporary.
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Significance of effects
14.5.17 The table below identifies the significance of the effects identified in accordance with the criteria set out in Volume 5. Vol 11 Table 14.5.2 Surface water significance of effects construction
Effect
Significance and justification Minor adverse
Increased scour and changes to sediment movement (replacement flood defences and piled bridge supports).
It is not thought that scour would adversely affect attainment of WFD objectives, but it is considered significant at the local scale. Further assessment will be undertaken and reported in the ES.
14.6
14.6.1
As with the construction effects, the assessment has defined the WFD objectives and the waterbodies affected.
Identification of operation impacts and effects

Reduction in CSO spills 14.6.2 The operation of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO connection as part of the project as a whole would have a beneficial effect on water quality, bacteriological quality and aesthetic value in the Dormay Street locality and beyond by substantially reducing the frequency, duration and volume of discharges from the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO. June 2011 catchment modelling of the operational base case has simulated that by Year 1 of operation (assessed to be 2021 to use modelled assumptions) the frequency, duration and volume of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO would have increased (as a result of increased population) to the following: a. the CSO would spill on average of 27 times in the typical year (once more than the current baseline) b. the CSO would spill for an average duration of 130 hours in the typical year (6 hours more than the current baseline) c. 14.6.4 14.6.5 the spill volume from the CSO would be approximately 18,100 m3 in the typical year (800m3 more than the current baseline).
14.6.3
The number of risk days for river users being exposed to pathogens during the base case year would be a maximum of 108 days in the typical year. Catchment modelling of the operational development case has simulated that by Year 1 of operation (assessed to be 2021 to use modelled
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assumptions) with the project in place, the frequency, duration and volume of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO would have further decreased (as a result of the capture of wastewater flow into the Thames Tunnel) to the following: a. the CSO would spill on average just once in the typical year (26 times less than the base case) b. the CSO would spill for an average duration of 4 hours in the typical year (126 hours less than the base case) c. 14.6.6 the spill volume from the CSO would be approximately 500m3 in the typical year (17,600m3 less than the current baseline).
The frequency, duration and volume of spill at Dormay Street would therefore be reduced by approximately 97% in the typical year as a result of the project. The number of risk days for river users being exposed to pathogens during the development case year would be a maximum of 4 days in the typical year (a reduction of up to 104 days of risk of exposure). In addition, the tonnage of sewage derived litter can be expected to be reduced by approximately 97% from 4 tonnes to approximately 0.1 tonnes in the typical year. The data for the reduction in polluting load that is discharged from the CSO (Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD, Ammoniacal-N and Total Oxidised Nitrogen TON) will be provided to inform the ES.
14.6.7
14.6.8
14.6.9
Assessment of impacts
14.6.10 Vol 11 Table 14.6.1 below provides the assessment of effects during operation of the Dormay Street site against: a. WFD environmental objectives b. local impacts c. 14.6.11 whether other legislative targets are likely to be affected. As discussed, overall Tideway-wide benefits are assessed in Volume 6 and this section would only assess the beneficial impacts local to the proposed site at Dormay Street. Therefore, with only the river Wandle (including Bell Lane Creek) and Thames Middle waterbodies are considered in the assessment for Dormay Street.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Vol 11 Table 14.6.1 Surface water impacts - operation WFD Objectives met? WFD1 WFD2 WFD3 WFD4
Impact
Water body Duration and reversibility
Local effects or other legislative effects
Reduced spill frequency, duration and volume from the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO. N/A The River Wandle is a heavily modified waterbody and only needs to achieve good potential.
River Wandle (incorpor ating Bell Lane Creek) and Thames Middle
Improved water quality in the vicinity of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO by reduced pollutant loading and not decreasing dissolved oxygen levels. Contribution to the overall Tideway-wide water quality improvements.
Permanent. Reversibility dependent on the operation of the tunnel
The water quality local to Dormay Street would be improved and would ensure that the operation of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO complies with the requirements of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive
Along with the project as a whole, the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO connection would enhance the water quality of the Thames Tideway helping to move the Thames Middle towards good ecological status
Capture of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO would reduce pollution from priority substances at Dormay Street
Reduced bacterial loadings of the river giving
River Wandle (incorpor ating Bell
Risk of exposure days to pathogens would be reduced to a maximum of 16 days in the Typical
Permanent. Reversibility dependent on the operation of the tunnel
The bacteriological improvement effect is considered to
N/A The effect is not relevant to WFD objectives
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Volume 11: Dormay Street WFD Objectives met? WFD1 WFD2 WFD3 WFD4
Impact have an effect locally in the context of local river users.
Water body Duration and reversibility
Local effects or other legislative effects
health improvemen ts to river users
Lane Creek) and
Thames Middle Permanent Reversibility dependent on the operation of the tunnel The sewage derived litter reduction effect is considered to have an effect locally in the context of local river users.
year (a reduction of up to 144 days of risk of exposure).
Reduced sewage litter discharge
River Wandle (incorpor ating Bell Lane Creek) and
Thames Middle
Sewage derived litter discharge at Dormay Street would be reduced by approximately 97% in the Typical year improving the aesthetic quality of the river locally.
N/A The effect is not relevant to WFD objectives
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Significance of operational effect

14.6.12 The table below identifies the significance of the effects identified in accordance with the criteria set out in Volume 5. Vol 11 Table 14.6.2 Surface water effects - operation Effect Significance and justification Major beneficial The improvements would allow for the future attainment of Good status under WFD Objective 3 in combination with the improvements elsewhere in the Thames Tideway and would also ensure that operation of the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO complies with the requirements of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive Moderate beneficial The improvements would not adversely affect WFD or other legislative drivers, but would significantly improve conditions for river users at Dormay Street and in the River Wandle (incorporating Bell Lane Creek) and Thames Middle as a whole Moderate beneficial The improvements would not adversely affect WFD or other legislative drivers, but would significantly improve aesthetic conditions for river users and recreational use at Dormay Street and in the River Wandle (incorporating Bell Lane Creek) and Thames Middle as a whole
Reduced spill frequency, duration and volume from the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO.
Reduced bacterial loadings of the river giving health improvements to river users
14.7
14.7.1
The assessment of significant effects for both construction and operation has highlighted only one significant adverse effect that would require mitigation to reduce the significance. The effect relates to the change in scour, sedimentation and resultant effect on geomorphology and overall morphology of the River Wandle (including the Bell Lane Creek) waterbody. This effect is associated with the piling required to construct the Bailey bridge to link the northern and southern areas of the sites, which lie across the Bell Lane Creek.
14.7.2
14.7.3
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Mitigation will be identified within the ES once the design of the bridge has been further assessed. Any mitigation is likely to take the form of gabions or other protective measures.
14.8
14.8.1
Assessment summary
The tables below provide a summary of the significance and residual effects for surface water receptors at the site.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Vol 11 Table 14.8.1 Surface water assessment summary - construction Effect Significance Mitigation Residual significance
Receptor
River Wandle (incorporating Bell Lane Creek) Minor adverse
Increased scour and changes to sediment movement (replacement flood defences and piled bridge supports)
To be determined may include gabions or other protective measures
As yet undefined
Vol 11 Table 14.8.2 Surface water assessment summary - operation Effect Major beneficial Significance Mitigation None required Residual significance Major beneficial
Receptor
River Wandle (incorporating Bell Lane Creek) and Thames Middle Moderate beneficial Moderate beneficial
Reduced spill frequency, duration and volume from the Frogmore Storm Relief Bell Lane Creek CSO.
River Wandle (incorporating Bell Lane Creek) and Thames Middle
Reduced bacterial loadings of the river giving health improvements to river users
None required
Moderate beneficial None required Moderate beneficial
River Wandle (incorporating Bell Lane Creek) and Thames Middle
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14.9
14.9.1
Any additional information on potential contamination of the site, collected as part of new site investigations (see Section 8 Land quality), will be used to inform the baseline for the ES. At the time of writing, further water quality modelling was underway to determine the relative beneficial improvements that would accrue for other water quality improvements such as BOD and Ammoniacal Nitrogen. These results will be included in the ES, as will the assessment of cumulative and in combination effects. This will include the impact of climate change on the beneficial impacts of the project. Further modelling of some of the foreshore sites is underway; however results were not available to inform the design to mitigate the effects on scour. Following completion of the assessment the mitigation approaches for surface water resources within the project will be finalised and reported in the ES. Mitigation for scour effects will be identified once the modelling results are available and the scour assessment has been repeated. This will allow assessment of significance of any residual effect after mitigation has been developed for the final scheme design.
14.9.2
14.9.3
14.9.4
14.9.5
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Section 15: Water resources flood risk
15
15.1
15.1.1
Water resources flood risk

Introduction
This section presents a Level 1 FRA which assesses the flood risk from all flood sources both to and from the proposed Dormay Street site as a result of development. This Level 1 Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) is in line with the requirements of Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk (PPS25) 38 and covers the construction and operation phases. This assessment makes use of the PPS25 Practice Guide 39 and the policy requirements of the London Plan 40. Borough specific documents have been reviewed in addition to other relevant flood risk planning, policy and legislative documents. This Level 1 FRA is supported by 2D hydrodynamic modelling, undertaken to assess flood risk effects for the project as a whole (Volume 5) and for specific sites (Volumes 7 to 28). The FRA comprises four parts, which can be found in the following volumes of this report: a. Volume 5 contains Part A of the FRA: Common sections relevant to all sites, including assessment methodology. b. Volume 6 contains Part B of the FRA: Project-wide risk assessment section. c. Volumes 7-28 contain Part C and Part D of the FRA: Individual risk assessment sections for every site (Part C) where flood risk is considered as an issue, organised according to London Borough (this Part) which precede the conclusions for each site (Part D).
15.1.2
15.1.3
15.1.4
15.1.5
15.1.6
As explained in Volume 5, a Level 1 FRA is an assessment of flood risk based on information available at the time of undertaking the assessment. Where further detailed assessment (including modelling and calculations) is required to define flood risk or required mitigation, this is undertaken to support a Level 2 or more detailed Level 3 FRA. The aim of this part of the Level 1 FRA is to assess the effects of flood risk from all sources at the site, both to the site and from the site to surrounding areas. The purpose of this section is to highlight the key issues for the design team and provide a preliminary assessment of flood risk issues. A more detailed assessment will be completed in the ES. Considering the nature of the project, the length of construction period at the site and the location of the site within the Thames Tideway, it is important that flood risk is assessed both during the construction phase and the operational phase taking into consideration climate change over the lifetime of the project. The project involves construction works at many sites throughout London. Many of these sites are situated within close proximity to, or within, the
15.1.7
15.1.8
15.1.9
15.1.10
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River Thames or other watercourses. According to PPS25, any development located within Flood Zones 2 viii or 3 ix or greater than 1ha and situated within Flood Zone 1 x should be accompanied by a FRA. The FRA will be required to demonstrate how flood risk from all sources of flooding to the development and from the development will be managed now and in the future as a consequence of climate change for the lifetime of the development. 15.1.11 The objectives of this section are to satisfy the requirements of PPS25 in relation to this site.
15.2
15.2.1
Policy considerations
The proposed development of a shaft and associated structures is classified as water and sewage transmission infrastructure including docks, marinas and wharfs which is classified as water-compatible development and compatible within all flood zones within PPS25.
15.3
15.3.1
Regulatory position Overview

General policy documents (eg PPS25) have been reviewed within Volume 5 of this Level 1 FRA. The following should be read in conjunction with that volume.
Local policy
Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) 15.3.2 The Dormay Street site lies within the LB of Wandsworth. LB of Wandsworth has produced a Level 1 and Level 2 Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) 41. These outline the main flood sources to the Borough and present the outcomes of the hydraulic modelling completed as part of the Level 2 study to investigate the residual risk of breaches in the Thames Tideway Defences at a number of locations along the River Thames. The SFRA confirms that the Thames Tidal Defence network (Thames Barrier and Tidal flood defence walls) reduces the annual probability of flooding from the Thames to less than 0.1%. The risk of flooding is therefore a residual risk associated with a breach in the defences. The SFRA advocates the use of flood resilience and resistant measures. These should be adopted during the construction and operation phases of the project. According to the SFRA:
15.3.3
15.3.4
15.3.5
viii
Flood Zone 2 is defined as medium probability, assessed as having between a 1% and 0.1% Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) of river flooding or between a 0.5% and 0.1% AEP of sea flooding in any year ix Flood Zone 3 is defined as high probability, assessed as having a 1% or greater AEP of river flooding or a 0.5% or greater AEP of sea flooding in any year x Flood Zone 1 is defined as low probability, assessed as having less than a 0.1% AEP of river or sea flooding in any year
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Volume 11: Dormay Street a. The site overlies London Clay.
b. It is within the Wandsworth Tidal Flood Warning Area, the River Wandle from Colliers Wood to Wandsworth Fluvial Flood Warning Area and the Environment Agency (EA) Flood Zone 3. c. There have been >5 sewer flooding incidences recorded by Thames Water in the last 10 years in the vicinity.
d. The site is situated within an area identified as having increased risk of surface water ponding based on topography, geology and historic flooding records. e. Safe access/egress is required from the site to a suitable location within Flood Zone 1. There are a number of schools within the locality which could act as rest centres during times of flood. In terms of emergency planning during the construction phase, the SFRA has identified rest and reception centres as Leisure Centre, Churches, Schools and Community Centres. 15.3.6 The SFRA promotes the use of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS) suitable to specific site locations within the Borough, depending on underlying geology. These must however be adopted and adequately maintained post-construction to ensure design operation into the future. Surface Water Management Plan (SWMP) 15.3.7 LB of Wandsworth is working in partnership with the Greater London Authority (GLA), Thames Water and the EA to produce a SWMP as part of the Drain London Project. This is scheduled for completion in Autumn 2011.
Environment Agency policy

Thames Estuary 2100 (TE2100) 15.3.8 The site lies within the Wandsworth to Deptford Policy Unit which has been assigned the P5 flood risk management policy within the TE2100 Plan 42, meaning that further action will be taken to reduce flood risk beyond that required to keep pace with climate change. The TE2100 Plan identifies the local sources of flood risk at this location including: a. tidal flooding from the River Thames b. fluvial flooding from the River Wandle c. heavy rainfall and urban drainage sources d. a risk of groundwater flooding from superficial strata which is possibly connected to high water levels in the Thames. 15.3.10 Defences from these sources include: a. the Thames Barrier and secondary tidal defences along the Thames frontage (both making up the Thames Tidal Defences) and the lower reach of the River Wandle b. Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) for mitigation of urban drainage
15.3.9
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Volume 11: Dormay Street c. 15.3.11 flood forecasting and warning.
The TE2100 Plan seeks to promote, where possible, defence improvements that are sensitive to ensure views are maintained and impacts to river access/views are minimised. Where defence raising in the future as a consequence of climate change is not possible, secondary defences and floodplain management should be introduced. There is also the vision to increase flood risk awareness within the area. There is an acknowledgement that tidal defences on the River Wandle will require raising for estuary wide options. Thames Region Catchment Flood Management Plan (CFMP) The Thames Region Catchment Flood Management Plan (CFMP) 43 covers fluvial and non-tidal sections of the River Thames, ie the River Thames upstream of Teddington weir and tributaries to the River Thames. The Thames Region CFMP advocates the reduction in flood risk through the design and layout of developments within the fluvial floodplain; redevelopment should be compatible with its location within the floodplain (ie flood resilience). This should be achieved through re-creating more natural river systems and giving space for flood water, aiming for a balance between attenuation and conveyance. The specific messages for developed flood plain with typical concrete river channels are: a. There is a need to re-create river corridors so there is more space for the river to flow and flood naturally (generally an 8m setback from top of bank). b. Flood risk management planning should be linked closely with regeneration and redevelopment so that the location and layout of development can help to reduce flood risk. c. There is a large and increasing residual flood risk in these floodplain areas. PPS25 sets out a range of measures that can reduce the impacts of residual flood risk, such as making buildings resilient to flooding.
15.3.12
15.3.13
15.3.14
15.3.15
d. Organisations need to work together to manage all flood sources: fluvial, tidal, surface water and sewer flooding.
Regional policy
London Regional Flood Risk Appraisal (RFRA) 15.3.16 For the reach between Hammersmith Bridge and the Thames Barrier (City Reach (does not specify inclusion of River Wandle)) the London RFRA 44 encourages small scale set back of development from the river walls where possible. The aim of this is to enable modification, raising and maintenance in a sustainable, environmentally acceptable and cost effective way. Development should be designed in such a way as to take opportunities to reduce flood risk and include resilience.
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There is particular concern surrounding confluences and the interactions between tidal and fluvial flows in the future due to climate change. This should be taken into consideration during the re-development process. The RFRA states that the current flood risk on the River Wandle should be sustained into the future. There is potential that some upstream areas of the River Wandle, south of Mitcham have the possibility of enabling catchment storage. The RFRA indicates that SUDS should be included within developments to reduce surface water discharge.
15.3.18
15.3.19
15.4
15.4.1
Assessment of flood risk Overview

The flood risk from all potential flood sources (as listed in Annex C of PPS25) to the site, and from the site as a result of the development, is assessed in the following section. For a discussion on project-wide effects see Volume 6 of the Level 1 FRA. In summary, initial hydraulic computation modelling indicates that the influence of the project as a whole on the River Thames (tidal and fluvial) flood levels is minimal and is unlikely to exacerbate flood risk.
15.4.2
Flood sources
Flooding from sea (and tidal sources) Flood risk to the site 15.4.3 The site is separated by Bell Lane Creek (tidally influenced), which is fed by the River Wandle (fluvial). From here on the part of the site to the north of Bell Lane Creek is referred to as the northern part of the site and the part to the south is referred to as the southern part of the site. There are two flow control structures on the River Wandle at the fluvial tidal interface as follows: a. Bell Lane Weir (which includes a weir and sluice) controls flow from the River Wandle into Bell Lane Creek, and is situated adjacent to the site. b. An additional weir structure is located on the River Wandle approximately 100m north of the site. This retains water within the river during periods of low tide and prevents the channel bed from drying out. 15.4.4 To the south of Bell Lane Weir, the Thames Tidal defences run along the banks of the River Wandle and protect the area from tidal flooding. To the north of Bell Lane Weir, the defence line runs along the south and west bank of Bell Lane Creek and the east bank of the River Wandle. The southern part of the site is protected from tidal flooding by the existing defences, however the northern part of the site is located on an island which is encompassed within the flood defence line and is therefore not protected by formal flood defences.
15.4.5
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The southern part of the site lies within Flood Zone 3 associated with both the fluvial River Wandle (as detailed within the subsequent Flooding from rivers sections) and the tidal River Thames. However the southern part of the site is protected from tidal flooding by the Thames Tidal defences, ie, the Thames Barrier and local flood defences. The defences local to the southern part of the site are considered to be in a poor state of repair and have a 5m exclusion zone associated with them to limit works within close proximity to the defences. According to the National Flood and Coastal Defence Database (NFCDD) the defences are raised, man-made and private. It may be possible that the flood defence wall ties extend a distance from the wall and into the proposed construction area. It is proposed to connect the two working areas by constructing a temporary bridge over Bell Lane Creek. This would be in the form of a Bailey bridge (with piling as a temporary bridge support) and feature either a flood gate at the southern end or an arched profile matching the flood defence level (along with water tight parapets). The northern part of the site (Causeway Island) lies within Flood Zone 3 associated with the tidal River Thames and Bell Lane Creek, and is not protected by the Thames Tidal defences. The EA classify this area as undefended Flood Zone 3. During the construction on the southern part of the site the current standard of defence afforded to the hinterland would be maintained. It is not proposed to undertake any major modifications to the current defences situated to the north of the southern part of the site, although it may be necessary to stabilise and strengthen the defences in some places to complete the works safely. Further investigation of the existing defences would be completed to determine their existing condition and confirm the proposed construction plans. A number of flood defence options for the construction phase are currently being considered. These include use of a flood gate at the southern end of the river crossing or an arched bridge profile matching the flood defence level (along with water tight parapets). All temporary and permanent works would adopt a defence level analogous with the current local defence levels and where existing defences are removed or damaged, replacement defences would be constructed to EA requirements, to an appropriate standard and tied in with the local flood defences along the frontage prior to removal of the existing defences. This would ensure the protection of the temporary working area and permanent structures to the same standard as the surrounding area and ensure the local area is protected from flood risk at all times. The structural integrity of the defences would be maintained throughout the project and if necessary, stabilisation, strengthening and small areas of modification would be undertaken adhering to the above standards. Any stabilisation, strengthening or modification works to the defences to the southern bank of Bell Lane Creek would require Flood Defence
15.4.7
15.4.8
15.4.9
15.4.10
15.4.11
15.4.12
15.4.13
15.4.14
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Consent from the EA (Flood Defence Consent has to be obtained prior to any works on the flood defences, or around the flood defences with the potential to impact these structures). 15.4.15 The design standard of the existing defences is stated by the EA to be at the 0.1% AEP level. There would be an additional freeboard on top of the crest level. In reality, the defence levels along the River Thames vary and are generally in excess of the 0.1% AEP standard of protection with a freeboard. The EA has stated that the current statutory defence level at this location is 5.41mAOD. This existing defence levels will be confirmed following completion of a topographic survey and following review of additional defence survey information, requested from the EA. Details will be included within the Level 3 FRA to be prepared for the ES. The most extreme tidal flood risk to the site in this location would be as a result of a high tide combined with a storm surge (with the Thames Barrier operational); this is considered to be the EA flood design event. Current ground levels on the proposed southern part of the site are approximately 4.2mAOD on Dormay Street, 4.5mAOD at the proposed shaft location and 4.7mAOD at the proposed interception chamber location. Proposed ground levels for the shaft and interception chamber are 4.5mAOD. Current ground levels within the northern part of the site are unknown as a survey has not yet been undertaken. A LiDAR query indicates the levels within the site vary from approximately 4.5mAOD to 5.5mAOD. These levels will be confirmed with a site specific survey. The tidal flood levels within the River Thames for the EA flood design event are: a. b. 15.4.20 5.07mAOD for the 0.5% AEP 2005 5.04mAOD for the 0.5% AEP 2107 (ie with climate change).
15.4.16
15.4.17
15.4.18
15.4.19
This data is taken from the EA Tidal Thames Joint Probability Extreme Water Levels Study45. This indicates that the southern part of the site, which benefits from current local defences, would not flood under the above return periods. During extreme tidal events, some parts of the northern part of the site (Causeway Island) may flood as the site is not defended. Following completion of the topographic survey the potential extent and depth of flooding on the northern part of the site will be confirmed. If there was a breach in the local defences, the southern part of the site could flood as extreme tidal water levels are higher than the current ground levels. It should be noted that water levels decrease in the future due to the Thames Barrier closure rule (see Volume 5) such that the 2005 scenario produces the highest water levels. The TE2100 Plan indicates that a higher level of protection would be required to protect areas along the river. This is due to a greater number of Barrier closures being necessary as water levels increase and due to the possibility that higher tides could propagate upstream of the Barrier should the Barrier fail.
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At the site, defences would be required to be raised to 5.85mAOD and 6.35mAOD for 2065 and 2100 respectively in line with the requirements of the TE2100 Plan. This would provide continued protection of the southern part of the site into the future. Any stabilisation and strengthening works to the current defences should take this into consideration. The EA has also used the Tidal Thames Joint Probability Extreme Water Levels Study to investigate water levels within the Thames in the absence of the Thames Barrier, ie, when the Barrier is not closed (it is assumed that a partial closure would influence flood levels upstream of the barrier). This shows tidal flood levels within the River Thames are 6.02mAOD for the 0.5% AEP 2005 and 6.86mAOD for the 0.5% AEP 2107. Under this modelled scenario, both parts of the site would be above the current local flood defence level and current ground levels. However, because the Thames Barrier is a key component of the Thames Tidal defences, these levels are not used for the EA flood design event when considering the required flood prevention measures for new development. As part of the Wandsworth SFRA, 2D hydrodynamic modelling was undertaken at 6 locations along the Thames frontage, specified by the EA, to simulate the impact of a tidal breach in the flood defences. One of the selected breach locations (P1) is located approximately 200m to the south of the southern part of the site and the whole site is within the flood cell for this model. The results from this tidal breach modelling indicate that the southern part of the site would be inundated by floodwaters and the majority of the northern part of the site would also be inundated during both the 0.5% and 0.1% AEP present day events. Maximum depths of approximately 1m would be experienced on the southern part of the site during the 0.5% AEP return period. Hazard results (which are a function of both flood depth and flow velocity) are also available and indicate the southern part of the site is predominantly medium hazard, with Dormay Street classified as high hazard. The northern part of the site is classified as predominantly low hazard. It is noted that this modelling was completed in 2008 and uses conservative water levels, available prior to the update to the Tidal Thames Joint Probability Extreme Water Levels Study that have been referred to within this report). The SFRA has mapped EA historic flood events and shows both parts of the site to be situated within the 1928 historic flood extent. Within a 300m radius of the site the SFRA has mapped six locations where flooding has occurred (exact numbers of properties affected unknown). The southern part of the site is protected by existing flood defences but the northern part of the site does not benefit from the protection afforded by any formal flood defences. The defences along the Bell Lane Creek along the southern part of the site are in a poor state of repair and have a 5m buffer zone associated with them. No major modifications are proposed to the defences, however some stabilisation and strengthening may be required and the construction of a temporary bridge (if adopted) may necessitate a change to the defences at the southern end. A defence line would be maintained both during construction and operation.
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The standard of protection of the current defences and the operation of the Thames Barrier are such that tidal flooding up to the EA flood design event (0.5% AEP 2005) does not pose a direct flood risk to the southern part of the site but does to the majority of the northern part of the site. Tidal flood risk to the southern part of the site is therefore residual in the event that there is a breach (or failure) of the existing defences and tidal water could enter the site. Flood risk to the northern part of the site is actual and is considered medium as flood water could inundate the site during an extreme tidal flood event. If there was a localised breach in the defences adjacent to the southern part of the site, flood water could flow on to the site, cover the shaft and inundate any ventilation, monitoring or associated operation equipment. As the shaft structures and electrical kiosk are covered (although not watertight) there would be a limited amount of water that could enter the tunnel though the space between the lid and the shaft. Ventilation and electrical equipment may be damaged by flood water (if not installed above the flood level); however, this quantity would not endanger the primary function of the tunnel which is to collect, store and transfer discharges from CSOs. Flood risk from the site The flow within Bell Lane Creek may be modified by the piling required to support the temporary bridge connecting the two parts of the site if this access option is pursued. This may lead to an increase in scour or deposition rates on adjacent areas within the river and to river structures, including flood defences. The degree to which the piling affects the scour and sediment movement in the channel would be largely dependent on the size and shape of the piles; the larger and the more they protrude into the channel, the greater the impact would be. At present, no assessment or modelling of the scour that may result from the piled bridge supports has been carried out. It is not anticipated that scour would be considerable as flows within Bell Lane Creek are not significant and are controlled by sluice gates owned and operated by the EA. Piling within Bell Lane Creek should be kept to a minimum. Until further information is available on the possible scour associated within the bridge piling, it is considered that the risk of scour or deposition impacting on the flood defences should be considered as medium xi. The presence of temporary structures within Bell Lane Creek and storage of materials on the northern part of the site during the construction period could potentially reduce the available flood storage volumes. This impact of reduced flood storage could have the effect of increasing water levels during certain hydrological conditions (high fluvial flows or high tides), thereby increasing flood levels and potentially increasing the risk of flooding. As the piling would be minimal, it is not thought that this would
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The assessment of flood risk is a qualitative assessment based on expert opinion see Volume 5 of the Level 1 FRA for further details.
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have a significant effect on local flood levels but would be investigated within the Level 3 FRA for Dormay Street. 15.4.37 Excavation works have the potential to impact on settlement which could affect the level of some of the tidal defences. A project-wide study into the potential impacts of the tunnel excavation on settlement of the defences is being undertaken. Interim defence level upgrades in the 1970s within Bell Lane Creek, which became redundant following commissioning of the Thames Barrier have left the walls here around 500mm above the statutory level. The connection tunnel alignment passes beneath the existing defences immediately to the north of the southern part of the site and additional defences along Bell Lane Creek as it tunnels north to connect to the main tunnel within the River Thames. The project-wide effects of excavation will be assessed for flood defence impact and be included in the Level 3 FRA prepared to support the ES. Based on the information available, the risk of impact to flood defences and hence potential increase in tidal flood risk at this site due to structural modifications of the defences due to the tunnelling is considered to be medium. Flooding from rivers Flood risk to the site 15.4.40 The site is situated to the west of the River Wandle. This river flows south to north within a man made channel. The River Wandle discharges into Bell Lane Creek via Bell Lane Weir. An additional weir structure is situated at the northern extent of the River Wandle, approximately 100m north of the site. The EA has provided the results from a fluvial modelling study of the River Wandle (see Volume 5). The results show that the southern part of the site lies within the flood extents associated with the River Wandle. This flooding mechanism is attributed to the river bursting its banks approximately 750m south of the site, flowing north through King Georges Park and then along Buckhold Road, Ram Street and onto Dormay Street. During this scenario, limited ponding of flood waters on the southern part of the site occurs as the Thames Tidal defences prevent water flowing into Bell Lane Creek as shown in Vol 11 Figure 15.4.1 and Vol 11 Figure 15.4.2. Vol 11 Figure 15.4.1 Flood risk EA flood zones (see Volume 11 Figures document) Vol 11 Figure 15.4.2 Flood risk River Wandle flood depths (see Volume 11 Figures document) 15.4.43 The southern part of the site is situated within the 1% AEP event for the River Wandle (ie, Flood Zone 3a). Within the southern part of the site, the deepest flood depths are situated within Dormay Street where ground levels are approximately 4.2mAOD. Flood depths are approximately:
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Volume 11: Dormay Street a. 0.9m for the 0.1% AEP event
b. 0.6m for the 1% + 20% AEP for climate change event c. 15.4.44 0.4m for the 1% AEP event. Within the area of the southern part of the site where the shaft is to be situated, the ground level is approximately 4.5mAOD. Flood depths are approximately: a. 0.7m for the 0.1% AEP event b. 0.4m for the 1% + 20% AEP for climate change event c. 15.4.45 0.2m for the 1% AEP event. The hazard results have been created within the modelling software and based on the depth, velocity and a debris factor, in accordance with Flood Risks to People FD2320 (Defra and Environment Agency, 2005). The southern part of the site is situated within: a. low and moderate hazard for the 1% AEP event b. low, moderate and significant hazard zones for the 1% + 20% for climate change AEP event c. 15.4.46 low, moderate and significant hazard for the 0.1% AEP event. Hazard classifications are as follows: a. Low Caution, Flood zone with shallow flowing water or deep standing water (Flood Hazard = HR<0.75) b. Moderate Dangerous for some (ie children) Danger, flood zone with deep or fast flowing water (Flood Hazard = 0.75HR1.25) c. Significant Dangerous for most people. Danger, flood zone with deep fast flowing water (Flood Hazard = 1.25>HR2.0)
d. Extreme Dangerous for all. Extreme danger, flood zone with deep fast flowing water (Flood Hazard = HR>2.0). 15.4.47 The model results show that flood water present on the southern part of the site originates approximately 750m south of the site and flows north via overland flow. The southern part of the site does benefit from defences situated to the north (tidal defences) but fluvial floodwater present on site originates from the south, where flood defences are not as uniform in defence height and standard of protection. The EA do not classify the southern part of the site as benefiting from defences offering fluvial flood risk protection. Flood risk to the southern part of the site from fluvial sources is considered to be medium (based on the above investigation including hazard classification). The northern part of the site is not inundated by fluvial flooding from the River Wandle under the modelled scenario (however following site inspection it seems possible that a fluvial flood pathway from the River Wandle to the northern part of the site may exist). The current modelled outcome may be due to the representation of the northern part of the site
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and surrounding land within the model and the interaction within the model between the tidal and fluvial boundaries. Further work within the Level 3 FRA will accurately represent the site and area to demonstrate the flooding mechanism and consequently flood risk to the northern part of the site. 15.4.50 Flood risk to the northern part of the site from fluvial sources is considered to be medium as accurate flood data for this location is lacking; it is not thought that current modelling adequately represents the flood risk to this area. However tidal sources form the principal flood source to the northern part of the site. The SFRA shows that both areas of the Dormay Street site are situated within the EA mapped historic flood extent for 1928. The southern part of the site is protected from tidal flooding to the 0.1% AEP event by defences situated to the north of the southern part of the site. The southern part of the site is not protected from fluvial flooding originating from the River Wandle to the south of the site (AEP will be determined through future modelling). The northern part of the site is not protected from flooding by any formal defences. Flood risk to the southern part of the site from fluvial sources originates from the River Wandle to the south of the site. The southern part of the site is therefore not protected from fluvial flooding from the River Wandle and fluvial flood risk is classified as an actual (medium) risk in the event that the capacity of the river channel to the south of the southern part of the site is exceeded. If the capacity of the River Wandle to the south of the site was exceeded, there is the potential that flood water could inundate the site, potentially covering the shaft and inundating any ventilation, monitoring or associated operation equipment. As the shaft lids are covered (although not watertight) there would be a limited amount of water that could enter the tunnel though the space between the lid and the shaft. Ventilation and monitoring equipment may be damaged by flood water (if not installed above the flood level); however, this quantity would not endanger the primary function of the tunnel which is to collect, store and transfer discharges from CSOs. Flood risk to the southern part of the site from fluvial sources is considered to be medium. Further work is necessary to determine the fluvial flood risk to the northern part of the site. This will be completed and included within the Level 3 FRA for the site. Flood risk from the site 15.4.57 It has been identified that the southern part of the site lies within Flood Zone 3a of the River Wandle (floodwater at the southern part of the site occurs due to a flowpath originating a significant distance to the south of the site). In addition, the southern part of the site is not defended from fluvial floodwater to the 1% AEP event so is classified by the EA as undefended (from fluvial sources).
15.4.51 15.4.52
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At present it is anticipated that the shaft would be situated at ground level and would not protrude into the fluvial floodplain and reduce floodplain storage. Proposed above ground features at the southern part of the site include: the ventilation column, the ventilation structure and the control cabinet. These structures would be located in the current warehouse location (described as flat roofed single storey creekside annexe with masonry walls), which would be removed. There would be a net decrease in developed footprint within the floodplain at the southern part of the site, however it cannot be determined at this stage whether the location of the above ground features would affect the extent of the fluvial floodplain locally, increasing flood depth, velocity or hazard locally. This will be determined during the subsequent Level 3 FRA for the southern part of the site xii and will inform the potential requirement to provide level for level (or volume for volume) floodplain storage compensation for any loss of floodplain; the EA has a policy of no net loss of floodplain storage. When a watercourse bursts its banks, floodplains store and convey any floodwaters. This is an important process and floodplains are a key part of the hydrological system. There is a need to maintain the storage capacity of the floodplains, therefore, any developments situated within the floodplain which reduce floodplain storage capacity would be required to show that the ability of the floodplain to attenuate the full range of flood events, without significant increase in flood risk, is not reduced. This can be achieved by carrying out level for level (or volume for volume) floodwater compensation where proven necessary. If compensation volume is not fully available then it is necessary to determine the relative impact upon sensitive receptors as a means to determining acceptability of flood risk increase. At this stage it is considered unlikely that there would be a loss of storage on the southern part of the site, as a number of existing buildings would be removed. Analysis will be completed and reported within the Level 3 FRA (within the ES). The excavation process using TBMs to construct the tunnel has the potential to impact on settlement in some cases which could affect the level of some of the fluvial defences. A project-wide study into the potential impacts of the tunnel excavation on settlement of third party assets including flood defences is being undertaken and will be reported in the ES. The proposed tunnel alignment does not pass directly under the existing River Wandle defences situated to the south of the shaft (ie the origin of the fluvial flooding on site) but does pass within approximately 50m of these defences. Project-wide effects of excavation will be assessed for flood defence impact when complete and any relevant assessment for
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This analysis will be extended to the northern part of site if it is determined that the site is within the floodplain of the River Wandle
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Dormay Street will be included in the Level 3 FRA prepared to support the ES. 15.4.65 The risk of impact to flood defences and hence potential increase in fluvial flood risk at this site due to structural modifications of the defences due to the tunnelling is considered to be medium. Flooding from land and surface water runoff Flood risk to the site 15.4.66 The SFRA shows that the site is situated within an area with increased risk of surface water ponding based on topography, geology and historic flooding records. According to the Wandsworth SFRA, there have been approximately three surface water flooding hotspots within 300m of the site. This assessment will be updated for the Level 3 FRA when Critical Drainage Area (CDA) mapping is made available for the SWMP for LB of Wandsworth through the Drain London Project later in 2011. Surface water flooding could originate from any surrounding hardstanding land where infiltration (into the ground or the local sewer network) is exceeded or the local sewer is at capacity and surcharging occurs. There is a decline in ground levels from the north west of the southern part of the site (proposed location of the interception chamber) to Dormay Street so surface water would flow from the site to Dormay Street. Ground levels within the northern part of the site are unknown as a topographic survey has not been undertaken. It is hypothesised that surface water generated within the northern part of the site will runoff into the surrounding watercourses. Flood risk to the site from this source is considered to be low. Flood risk from the site 15.4.69 Only permanent structures are considered for initial surface water calculations. The permanent southern part of the site is located to the south of the River Thames. The southern part of the site is bound by Bell Lane Creek to north, the Causeway road to the east and a maintenance depot to the west. The south of the site backs onto further clusters of industrial buildings along Dormay Street. The southern part of the site is currently 100% impermeable and occupied by commercial/industrial buildings. Therefore no additional hardstanding areas are proposed. Surface water runoff drains from the roofs via rainwater pipes to an existing drainage network. Surface water generated on existing hardstanding areas would drain either to the nearest surface water drain or potentially direct to the Bell Lane Creek. PPS25 states that runoff post development should not be greater than runoff pre development in order to not increase the risk of flooding either downstream or on surrounding land. The London Plan aims towards greenfield runoff rates and the Mayors Draft Water Strategy 46 also aims for greenfield runoff and has an essential standard of 50% attenuation to the undeveloped sites surface water runoff at peak times (see Volume 5).
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Surface water runoff rates and attenuation volumes are indicative and will be confirmed during the subsequent Level 3 FRA. Based on a permanent development footprint of 510m2 at the southern part of the site, the existing previously developed surface water runoff rate for the 1% AEP climate change event has been calculated using the Modified Rational Method. The post development surface water runoff rate for the 1% AEP climate change event has also been calculated based on the same development footprint. In accordance with PPS25 Table B.2 the post development surface water runoff rate includes a 30% increase in peak rainfall intensity to account for the anticipated impact of climate change over the developments lifetime. The undeveloped greenfield surface water runoff rates for the 1% AEP + 30% for climate change event have been calculated using the ICP SUDS rural runoff method in Micro Drainage WinDes Version 12.5 software. A soil factor of 0.45, which represents clayey poorly draining soils, has been used within this method. The greenfield runoff is required to identify the volume of attenuation necessary to meet the Mayor of London preferred standard for SUDS (ie, reduce runoff from the development to greenfield rates). The existing, post development and greenfield runoff rates for the 1% AEP event for the southern part of the site are provided in the table below. Vol 11 Table 15.4.1 Flood risk - runoff rates onsite Site Status Existing Post Development Greenfield Rainfall Runoff Event 1% AEP + 30% Climate Change 1% AEP + 30% Climate Change 1% AEP + 30% Climate Change Runoff Rate (l/s)
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15.4.76
15.4.77
15.4.78
9.8 9.8 0.9
15.4.79
By subtracting the existing runoff rates from the post development runoff rates for the 1% AEP event, no additional runoff is predicted post development (over the developments lifetime) as this southern part of the site is and would be post development 100% impermeable. When comparing the greenfield runoff rate with the post-development runoff rate it is apparent that an additional runoff rate of 8.9l/s is generated post development (over the developments lifetime) at the southern part of the site. As the southern part of the site fronts Bell Lane Creek it is unlikely that pathways exist for surface waters to inundate surrounding third party land. Therefore, where the design standard of the drainage system (3.3% AEP)
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is exceeded, discharge to Bell Lane Creek, with no attenuation should be feasible. Flooding from groundwater 15.4.82 The TE2100 Plan states that there may be a risk of groundwater flooding at the Dormay Street site originating from superficial strata underlying the site. Because the underlying strata are in hydraulic connectivity with the river levels in Bell Lane Creek, the groundwater levels vary on a diurnal basis with the changing tide levels. Therefore, during high water level conditions within Bell Lane Creek there is the potential for groundwater to reach ground level at the site. However, there are no groundwater flooding incidents within the vicinity (<500m) of the site shown within the SFRA. Potential mechanisms for groundwater flooding will be explored further including local water levels from ongoing monitoring and data collection as part of the EIA. This will inform the assessment of groundwater flood risk to this site and will be reported in the Level 3 FRA for the Dormay Street site. Until further information is available, flood risk to the site from this source is considered to be low, as although the TE2100 Plan suggests a flooding mechanism, there is no evidence from the SFRA to suggest that groundwater flooding has occurred in the past. Flooding from sewers 15.4.85 The SFRA shows that there have been more than 5 sewer flooding incidents recorded by Thames Water in the last 10 years within the area of Wandsworth covering the River Wandle, Battersea and the area between Clapham Junction and Balham; a significant area. The local sewer network has been investigated to determine whether there are any capacity issues that may lead to an increase in the potential for sewer flooding to the site. This assessment shows there are no sewers present within the northern part of the site and a combined sewer running north to south down Dormay Street within proximity to the southern part of the site. The proposed CSO for interception is located to the west of the southern part of the site and discharges into Bell Lane Creek. This CSO is 1219mm in diameter. If the capacity of the sewer system was exceeded, water would surcharge through outlets such as man holes and gullies located along the length of the sewer. The pathway for this surcharged combined water would be south east towards Dormay Street which is situated at a lower topography then the shaft and interception chamber locations. Flood risk from this source is considered to be low. Flooding from artificial sources 15.4.89 There are no artificial flood sources within proximity to the site and so there is no flood risk from this type of source.
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15.5
15.5.1
Flood risk design and mitigation Overview

In summary the fluvial and tidal flood risk to the site is as shown in the table below. Vol 11 Table 15.5.1 Flood risk to both areas of the site Fluvial flood risk Tidal flood risk Defended Defended Residual from from tidal flood risk fluvial X Tidal Actual flood risk Fluvial
Southern part of the site Northern part of the site 15.5.2
Tidal (fluvial unknown)
This assessment has identified the following sources of flood risk related to the site: a. medium risk of flooding to the northern part of the site from tidal sources as the site is not defended b. residual risk of flooding to the site from tidal sources as a result of a breach in the existing defences c. medium risk of flooding from fluvial sources (the River Wandle) to the site
d. medium risk of flooding from fluvial sources (the River Wandle) to the northern part of the site. Modelling shows the site it not inundated by fluvial sources but this will be investigated as part of the Level 3 FRA for the site. e. medium risk of impact on flood defences as a result of scour and deposition of foreshore sediment associated with the piling for the bridge connecting the two areas of the Dormay Street site f. medium risk of an increase in tidal flood risk due to the potential for settlement during construction of the tunnel to impact on flood defences
g. medium risk of an increase in fluvial flood risk due to the potential for settlement during construction of the tunnel to impact on flood defences h. low risk of groundwater flooding to the site associated with water levels in the underlying geological strata i. j. low risk of sewer flooding to the site low risk of surface water flooding (or ponding) to the site as a result of runoff from surrounding land.
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This section describes flood mitigation methods that have been highlighted as being required specifically to address flood risk as a result of development at Dormay Street. Flood mitigation methods in this context are defined as being required to alleviate the effect of the development of a site on any consequential (increase in) flood risk.
Flood prevention
Flood resilience/resistance during operation 15.5.4 The London RFRA states that flood risk should be reduced where possible and flood resistance and resilience measure should be built into the development. Given that the project is a water compatible development type (see para. 15.2.1), there is no project-wide intention to provide flood resistance and resilience measures for residual flood risk as it is considered that the primary operational function of the Tunnel would not be affected by flooding as a result of a breach.
Construction and emergency planning

15.5.5 The subsequent Level 3 FRA will include the production of a site Emergency Plan in relation to Flood Risk outlining appropriate working practices and appropriate access/egress routes in the event of a flood warning. The LB of Wandsworth will be required to comment on the Emergency Plan.
Design and mitigation

Scour and deposition impacts on defences 15.5.6 Good practice design will reduce the effects of scour around the bridge supports and the current defences, and rip-rap or gabions may be required to prevent damage to structures. However, due to the absence of scour modelling for the bridge piles, the potential impact of the structures is unknown as is the benefit of good practice design. The quantity of piles within Bell Lane Creek will be to minimum to limit the potential impact on river hydrology and the flow regime of Bell Lane Creek. Any scour investigation undertaken for this site will be included within the Level 3 FRA for this site. Surface water discharge 15.5.8 An appropriate surface water management strategy is required to ensure surface water originating from the permanent site is positively drained from the site. This will be informed by the existing surface water drainage regime which is currently under investigation. Surface water drainage will be designed to the 3.3% AEP event for the permanent operational area of the site. The preliminary calculations shown in Vol 11 Table 15.5.2 are based on SUDS attenuation, assuming zero infiltration (infiltration rates and the feasibility of SUDS infiltration techniques onsite are currently unknown). PPS25 states that runoff post-development should not be greater than runoff pre-development in order to not increase the risk of flooding either downstream or on surrounding land. The attenuation volume is based on
15.5.7
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this Policy. In addition, and in accordance with the Mayors Draft Water Strategy, the preferred standard and essential standard have been considered. 15.5.10 To take into account the effects of climate change over the lifetime of the development, a 30% increase in peak rainfall intensity has been included when considering post development runoff and the associated attenuation volumes. Vol 11 Table 15.5.2 Flood risk - runoff rates and attenuation volumes 1% AEP Rainfall Event Runoff Rate (l/s) Attenuation 15.5.11 Volume (m3)
Preferred Standard (attenuation to greenfield runoff rate) Essential Standard (attenuation to 50% of undeveloped runoff rate) PPS25 Standard (no increase in runoff post development) 15.5.12
0.9
29 40
4.9
17 25
9.8
Vol 11 Table 15.5.2 indicates that to meet the PPS25 runoff standard, no storage is required as the operational part of the site is currently, and will be post development, 100% hardstanding. To meet the Mayors preferred and essential standards a storage volume between 29 40m3 and 17 25m3 would be required respectively, to provide sufficient storage to attenuate the 1% AEP event, inclusive of climate change for the operational part of the site. These values are presented as indicative of storage volumes that may be provided should the specified standards be sought. Storage options are outlined below. It is important to note that the attenuation volumes provided in Vol 11 Table 15.5.2 are based on preliminary calculations and would be subject to refinement at outline and detailed design stage. Both the need and the potential to deliver this level of attenuation at the site will be determined during the Level 3 FRA and reported in the ES, which will ensure that the requirements of PPS25 are met at all times and the aspirations of the London Plan are met where practicable. Until soakaway tests and a contamination study are carried out the feasibility of SUDS infiltration techniques are unknown. Historic uses of the site include a chemical works and oil company therefore it is likely that contamination may be present, which would prevent the use of infiltration techniques.
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The following surface water mitigation measures should also be considered for incorporation into the development design of the site: a. In the event of return periods in excess of the 3.3% AEP storm, the layout and the landscaping of the operational part of the site should aim to route water away from vulnerable property, and avoid creating hazards to access egress routes, whilst not increasing flood risk to third parties. b. Appropriate scour protection would be provided at the potential surface water discharge pipe outlet to Bell Lane Creek. c. Depending on operational activities at the site surface water runoff may be required to pass through an oil interceptor, or similar, prior to discharge to Bell Lane Creek.
d. During the construction phase appropriate mitigation would be provided in both parts of the site and northern part of the site to ensure surface water is managed in a controlled manner.
15.6
15.6.1 15.6.2
A Level 3 FRA will be prepared for the site which will outline further specific design approaches and measures. It is considered that a full Level 3 FRA is required to address the implications of the development of the site on potential fluvial flood water displacement and to determine the flood risk to the northern part of the site taking into consideration tidal and fluvial interactions. The Level 3 FRA will be sufficiently detailed to assess the impact of flood risk for the final site design (ie, Level 2 work will be included within the Level 3 FRA to be undertaken for the site). This will be prepared for the site and incorporated into the ES. The Level 3 FRA will use the data collected as part of the Level 1 FRA and build upon the preliminary findings of this assessment once further information is available from the EA and other assessments being undertaken to support the FRA and the EIA. In summary, the following additional assessment elements will be undertaken: a. Confirmation by topographic survey of existing flood defence levels. This will be used to reassess the standard of protection at the site and effect on tidal flood risk (direct and residual). It will also inform flood prevention design. b. Modelling of the River Wandle to confirm the fluvial flood risk to the site and assess any potential loss of flood storage during the construction and operational phases. This will include assessment of temporary bridge structures and material storage facilities. The results will quantify any potential increase in flood levels throughout the surrounding areas and consequently whether compensation storage should be investigated as a mitigation measure. c. Following the results of the River Wandle modelling, if flood compensation is required, this will be designed through consultation with the EA.
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d. Use of the scour assessment to assess the potential effect on flood levels resulting from scour and deposition caused by temporary structures in Bell Lane Creek. This will also inform definition of specific mitigation required. e. A project-wide study into the potential impacts of the tunnel and shaft excavation on the integrity of third party assets including flood defences is being undertaken. Any relevant assessment for the defences at the Dormay Street site, both fluvial and tidal defences, will be included in the Level 3 FRA. f. The assessment of surface water flood risk to the site will be completed when the final surface water flood maps are available from the Drain London Project.
g. Groundwater flood risk and any required flood risk prevention measures will be reassessed when the groundwater resources impact assessment is complete. This will be included in the Level 3 FRA. h. An emergency plan will be developed to support the Level 3 FRA and the CoCP. i. Further detail of any site specific mitigation and flood prevention measures that may be required to manage both residual risk and direct flood risk based on the final site design.
15.6.4
It is not anticipated that further primary data collection (assuming outstanding data from the EA is supplied) will be necessary but it is expected that modelling of the River Wandle will be required to determine the impact of the project on fluvial flood water displacement and to determine flood risk to the northern part of the site. The Level 3 FRA will be required at this site as part of future work to support the ES.
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Appendices
Appendices
List of figures
Page number
Figure A.1 Rocques map of 1746 .......................................................................... 253 Figure A.2 Stanfords map of 1862 ......................................................................... 253 Figure A.3 OS 1st edition 25 scale map of 186295 (not to scale) ........................ 254 Figure A.4 OS 2nd edition 25 scale map of 18968 (not to scale) ........................ 254 Figure A.5 OS 1:10,000 scale map of 19628 (not to scale) .................................. 255 Figure A.6 View of northern portion of the site ........................................................ 256 Figure A.7 View of brick boundary wall ................................................................... 256 Figure A.8 View of the Bell Lane Creek .................................................................. 257 Figure A.9 View of statutorily designated grade II listed Wentworth House ............ 257 Figure A.10 View of proposed locally listed The Armoury Public House................. 258 Figure A.11 View of cluster of historic buildings ..................................................... 258 Figure A.12 View of the cobbled surface to the east of Dormay Street................... 259 Figure D.1 Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way .. 267 Figure D.2 Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences ........................................... 267 Figure D.3 Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences .................................. 268 Figure D.4 Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path................................ 268 Figure D.5 Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20 .................... 269 Figure D.6 Viewpoint 2.3: View southwest............................................................. 269 Figure D.7 Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Street ................................... 270 Figure E.1 Groundwater - superficial geology......................................................... 271 Figure E.2 Groundwater - solid geology ................................................................. 271 Figure E.3 Groundwater level hydrograph - Dormay Street .................................... 277 Figure E.4 Groundwater level hydrograph - Youngs Brewery OBH ........................ 278 Figure E.5 Groundwater GSHP ........................................................................... 280 Figure E.6 Groundwater EA monitoring locations ................................................ 280
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Appendices
List of tables
Page number
Table A.1 Gazetteer of known heritage assets ....................................................... 259 Table B.1 Land quality site walkover ...................................................................... 264 Table E.1 Groundwater - anticipated geological succession .................................. 271 Table E.2 Groundwater - Dormay Street anticipated ground conditions ................. 272 Table E.3 Groundwater - Dormay Street anticipated hydrogeology ........................ 273 Table E.4 Groundwater - depth and strata from on-site monitoring boreholes ....... 275 Table E.5 Groundwater - licensed abstractions in the vicinity of site ...................... 279 Table E.6 Groundwater - licensed abstractions in the vicinity of site ...................... 280 Table E.7 Groundwater detections at King Georges Park ..................................... 280 Table E.8 Groundwater and soil sample quality results .......................................... 281
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Appendix A: Historic environment
Appendix A: Historic environment A.1
Figures
Figure A.1 Rocques map of 1746
Figure A.2 Stanfords map of 1862
Page 253
Figure A.3 OS 1st edition 25 scale map of 186295 (not to scale)
Figure A.4 OS 2nd edition 25 scale map of 18968 (not to scale)
Page 254
Figure A.5 OS 1:10,000 scale map of 19628 (not to scale)
Page 255
A.2
Photographs
Figure A.6 View of northern portion of the site

Note: from the river pathway, looking south-west, standard lens
Figure A.7 View of brick boundary wall

Note: along the eastern boundary of the site, from the river pathway, looking south-west, standard lens
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Figure A.8 View of the Bell Lane Creek

Note: to the north of the site boundary, from the river pathway, looking west, standard lens
Figure A.9 View of statutorily designated grade II listed Wentworth House

Note: with forecourt wall, gate and gatepiers, from Dormay Street looking north-east, standard lens
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Figure A.10 View of proposed locally listed The Armoury Public House
Note: from Armoury Way, looking east, standard lens
Figure A.11 View of cluster of historic buildings

Note: on the corner of Dormay Street and Armoury Way, from Armoury Way looking north-east, standard lens
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Figure A.12 View of the cobbled surface to the east of Dormay Street
Note: towards Armoury Way, from the river pathway, looking south-west, standard lens
A.3
A.3.1
Gazetteer of known heritage assets

The location of known heritage assets is shown on the historic environment features map (Vol 11 Figure 7.5.1). Table A.1 Gazetteer of known heritage assets
HEA Ref no. 1 2
Description
Site code/ HER ref: 020830 FDD04
The chance find of a Neolithic to Bronze Age palstave from the Wandle River. Recorded on the GLHER. Frogmore Depot, Dormay Street, SW18. An archaeological evaluation by MoLAS in 2004. Samples were taken through the deposits and analysed. The stratigraphy consisted of three phases of organic silts overlaid by clays dating from 2300 BC - AD 1150 (Late Neolithic to medieval periods) and capped by disturbed ground. Pollen analysis found evidence of grass, marsh taxa and cereal production that was likely to have taken place nearby. Diatom analysis provided clear indications of the changing riparian environment along the River Wandle, including the increasing influence of the Thames upon the site over time. Other augerhole deposits
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Volume 11: Dormay Street HEA Ref no. Description
Appendix A: Historic environment Site code/ HER ref:
indicated sediments characterised by the bright colours of an 18th or 19th-century nearby dye factory. 3 Wentworth House with forecourt wall, gate and gatepiers. Grade II listed. Early 18th Century. Two storeys, 5 windows, with one window later extension. Brown brick. Red brick band first floor. New slate roof. Flat door hood on richlycarved brackets. Original wood eaves cornice (remodelled). Red gauged flat arches and dressings to flush framed windows. Staircase with thick turned balusters, wide handrail, square newels and panelling. Panelling and wood cornice in ground floor area. Later wrought iron gate and stone capped piers to ramped forecourt wall. Neolithic, scrapers and flakes (tools) mentioned by Lawrence. Not locatable, although thought to be from Truckers Estate, probably positioned close to the junction of West Hill Road and Santos Road. Recorded on the GLHER. Stables at Ram (Youngs) Brewery Complex. Grade II listed. Constructed 1896 with minor 20th-century alterations. Stock brick in Flemish bond with plat band and simple corbelled eaves; hipped tile roof. Main range with lower wings enclosing a courtyard. Ram Brewery, Wandsworth High Street, SW18. An archaeological watching brief by MoLAS in 2007. Demolition deposits of 18th-20th-century date were recorded above natural gravels. The chance find of an early Romano British coin and fragments of pottery. Recorded on the GLHER. The chance find of a Mesolithic flake/blade from the Wandsworth waterside in 1981. Recorded on the GLHER. Ferrier Industrial Estate, Morie Street, SW18. An archaeological evaluation by AOC in 2000. Prehistoric features were found cut into the natural brickearth or gravels. Five pits were recorded in the north of the site, three of which may have been part of a fence line. In the middle of the site, a shallow ditch and a cluster of three pits were found, in the south of the site, a possible shallow ditch. Two fragments of Late Neolithic - Early Bronze Age pottery and struck flint fragments were recovered from these features. Above lay a ploughsoil containing struck flint, covered by a soil deposit of 18th - 19th-century date. A number of 19th and 20th-century walls, and surfaces were also exposed. 5 Church Row, Wandsworth Plain, SW18. An archaeological evaluation by PCA in 2000. Natural was not observed. A List entry number: 1183819 UID: 207029
031198
List entry Number: 1391086 UID: 491914 RBY07
7 8 9
020761 031187 MOI00
10
CWP00
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Volume 11: Dormay Street HEA Ref no. Description
series of dumped layers were recorded which made up the ground beside of the River Wandle, presumably behind a river revetment. These were cut by the foundations of two buildings, the first of which was a brick built wall dated to the 17th or 18th century, the second was probably a late 19thcentury outbuilding or industrial unit within the Church Row property. 11 Church Row 7, 8 and 9. Grade II listed. 18th Century earlymid, with 18th Century late extension. Three storeys. Three windows. Brown brick. Brick bands between floors. Old wood eaves adapted to modern gutter. Red segmental arches to flush-framed windows, first floor. 18th Century late wood door case with 1/2 pilasters, plain frieze and cornice. One window amber brick, extension on south with first floor bow window above splayed bay to ground floor. Church Row 16. Grade II* listed. Circa 1723. Balanced block of three storeys and basement. Each three windows wide. Brown brick. Brick pier projections between each two pairs and at the corners. Blank panel windows to centres of pairs. Stone approach steps to each door. The chance find of an Iron Age blade, a possible Roman bronze knife, a Roman spud tool, a medieval dagger and a medieval snafflebit (part of a horses bridle). Recorded on the GLHER. List entry number: 1065559 UID: 207003
12
List entry number: 1183550 UID: 207002 031276 031312 031311 031370 031369 List entry number: 1357684 UID: 207173
13
14
The Church of All Saints. Grade II* listed. Tower constructed in 1630 and refaced and raised 1841. Body of church largely rebuilt in 1779 by surveyor William Jupp. Alteration and improvement works took place in 1841. Further alterations 1859. A Chancel and new roof were added in 1899 to 1900 by E W Mountford. Amber brick. Round-arched windows, with gauged yellow brick arches. Slate roof. South porch of 2-bay projection with modified Corinthian columns, plain frieze and mutule cornice with pediment. Galleried interior tunnelvaulted on marbled wood Doric columns. The Church of All Saints burial ground recorded by Mrs Basil Holmes in 1896. 5258 Putney Bridge Road, SW15. An archaeological evaluation by OAU in 1997. No significant archaeological remains were revealed and no artefacts earlier than 19th century were recovered. The only deposits exposed comprised a post-mediaeval garden soil, overlain by shallow brick foundations associated with Victorian houses
15 16
Holmes ID: 168 PTB97
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Volume 11: Dormay Street HEA Ref no. 17 Description
Appendix A: Historic environment Site code/ HER ref: PBD01
demolished in recent times. 6684 Putney Bridge Road, SW18. An archaeological evaluation by MoLAS in 2001. Natural gravels were cut by two linear features containing struck flint tools, possibly of Mesolithic or Early Neolithic date, and a fragment of medieval pottery. There was also an undated posthole. It is likely that this represented a prehistoric scatter of flints that had been disturbed and redeposited by medieval agricultural activity. The features were sealed by medieval or later ploughsoils. Osiers Road (The Morganite Works), SW18. An archaeological watching brief and excavation by PCA in 2004 and 2005. An infilled water course was recorded. This feature is shown on maps of the 18th and early 19th century. A timber stake of unknown date was identified in association with the water course. Natural sand and terrace gravels were recorded between 3m OD and 1.07m OD. The second phase recorded the fill of the channel produced pottery from a range of periods from medieval to post medieval. An assessment of the sedimentary sequence of the channel was taken and indicates mineral rich deposition between 2020-1700 cal BC and peat formation from 1500 cal BC. Peat formation continued until 380-540 cal AD. The date of 1500 BC for the start of peat formation is comparable with other well-dated peat sequences in the lower reaches of the River Thames. After this period there is evidence of renewed fluvial sedimentation, possibly due to further migration of the main river channel, or increased flooding due to changes in the fluvial regime within the Wandle Valley river catchment. Insect remains, after peat formation, indicate that the local environment was damp. The presence of herbivores indicated possible anthropogenic activity, such as pastoral farming. Natural sandy gravel was recorded between 3.3m OD and 4.5m OD. Ram (Youngs) Brewery Complex. Grade II* listed. Brewery complex. Late-18th century, early/mid-19th century with 1882-83 rebuilding by Henry Stock; and late-20th century additions and alterations. Complex includes the 1882-83 range fronting Wandsworth High Street between the former brewer's house (q.v.) and the Brewery Tap (q.v.), the L-plan 5-storey Brewhouse and tower, then lower ranges facing Ram Street and the brewery yard including the cooperage, carpenter's shop and late-18th century timber-framed store. A ship wreck visible at low tide. Observed during the site visit and recorded by the UKHO.
18
98164
19
List entry number: 1065461 UID: 207172
20
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Volume 11: Dormay Street HEA Ref no. 21 Description
14 Armoury Way: The Crane Public House (now The Armoury). A building of local interest. Wandsworth Town Conservation Area Appraisal has recommended the building to be added to the Local List. Twostorey single pitch roof structure, with extensions and alterations to the rear, located at the corner of Armoury Way and Dormay Street. 19th century yellow stock brick wall around part of the site and possibly associated with the 19th-century layout of the former industrial buildings. Bargebed of probable post-medieval date located on the south side of Bell Lane Creek A small patch of cobbled surface of granite sets, remains along the river pathway to the south of the site and east of Dormay Street. These are most likely remnants of the industrial area of the Wandle riverside and the industrial buildings once constructed along this area. They contribute to the industrial character of the area and probably date to around the mid 19th century.
22
23 24
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Appendix B: Land quality
Appendix B: Land quality

B.1
Site walkover
Table B.1 Land quality site walkover
Item Site Ref Site Name Date of walkover / name(s) of specialist Site location (Address & Access) Size and topography of site and surroundings Neighbouring site use (in particular note any potentially contaminative activities or sensitive receptors)
Details PWH7X Dormay Street 9th November 2010
LB of Wandsworth Maintenance Depot, Dormay Street, Wandsworth. Site observed through security fencing/gates. Record elevation in The site is relatively flat and mostly relation to surroundings, hard surfaced. any hummocks, breaks of slope etc. North The site is bordered by Bell Lane Creek to the north. South Adjacent to the south of the site are offices of an aerial supply company (Panorama Antennas). To the south of Panorama Antennas, at the entrance to Dormay Road, is a ceramics/tile workshop called Prestige Tiling and bordering this road is a row of refurbished Victorian Warehouses. Occupying the warehouses is Keltbray Limited a specialist Demolition and Civil Engineering contractor. A Public House The Armoury is also located at the entrance of Dormay Road and adjacent to this a sink and tap studio called Sinksation. A plumber merchant is also located here. East The east of the site is occupied by an industrial area. At the entrance to this site a Hazchem sign was noted and construction plant equipment could be viewed. West A depot occupies the land west of the site. Record extent, size, type Warehousing and office buildings. and usage. Any boiler rooms, electrical switchgear?
Site buildings
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Surfacing Record type and condition Vegetation Any evidence of distress, unusual growth or invasive species such as Japanese Knotweed? Services Evidence of buried services? Fuels or Types/ quantities? chemicals on site Tanks (above ground or below ground) Containment systems (eg, bund, drainage interceptors). Record condition and standing liquids Refill points located inside bunds or on impermeable surfaces etc? Vehicle servicing Record locations, tanks or refuelling and inspection pits etc. onsite Waste Adequate storage and generated/stored security? Fly tipping ? onsite Surface water Record on-site or nearby standing water Site drainage Is the site drained, if so to where? Evidence of flooding? Evidence of Eg trial pits, borehole previous site covers. investigations Evidence of land Evidence of discoloured contamination ground, seepage of liquids, strong odours? Summary of potential contamination sources Any other Eg access restrictions/ comments limitations
Appendix B: Land quality Hardsurfacing N/A
No N/A No No
No
No
No
No N/A
No
No
Industrial area to the east and depot situated to the west
Site is mostly developed and observed from outside security fencing/gates.
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Appendix C: Noise and vibration
Appendix C: Noise and vibration

C.1.1 This section does not include noise and vibration monitoring as the baseline survey work has not yet been completed.
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Appendix D: Townscape and visual

D.1
Winter photographs for selected viewpoints
Figure D.1 Viewpoint 1.1: View south west from residences on Smugglers Way
Figure D.2 Viewpoint 1.2: View west from residences

Note: at the junction of Fairfield Street and Armoury Way
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Figure D.3 Viewpoint 1.3: View north east from residences

Note; at the junction of Frogmore and Sudlow Road
Figure D.4 Viewpoint 2.1: View south from the Thames Path
Note: as it crosses the River Wandle
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Figure D.5 Viewpoint 2.2: View south from National Cycle Route 20
Note: on The Causeway
Figure D.6 Viewpoint 2.3: View southwest

Note: from the confluence of Bell Lane Creek and the River Wandle
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Figure D.7 Viewpoint 3.2: View north along Dormay Street
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Appendix E: Water resources groundwater
Appendix E: Water resources - groundwater

E.1
E.1.1
Geology
A summary of the anticipated geology succession to be encountered by the Thames Tunnel is shown below. Table E.1 Groundwater - anticipated geological succession Period Series Holocene Quaternary Pleistocene Eocene Thames Group Formation Made ground Superficial Deposits Alluvium Langley Silt River Terrace Deposits London Clay Harwich Upper Shelly Beds Upper Mottled Beds Laminated Beds Palaeogene Palaeocene Lambeth Lower Shelly Beds Mid-Lambeth Hiatus* Lower Mottled Beds Upnor No group Cretaceous Upper Cretaceous White Chalk Subgroup Thanet Sand Seaford Chalk** Lewes Nodular Chalk
Note; * Not a Formation but an important depositional feature Note; ** Subdivided into the Haven Brow, Cuckmere and Belle Tout members.
E.1.2
The table above shows the superficial geology beneath the site. Figure E.1 shows the superficial geology, and Figure E.2 the solid geology. Figure E.1 Groundwater - superficial geology Figure E.2 Groundwater - solid geology (see Volume 11 Figures document)
E.1.3
The Ground Investigation (GI) was undertaken for the Thames Tunnel Project and has involved drilling boreholes both on the banks and within the main river channel (TT, 2010)47. The locations of boreholes around the site are shown in Figure A.2. Three Tideway boreholes, SA1105, SA1106 and PR1107 have been used for interpretation of the geological
Page 271
conditions across the site. The depths and thicknesses of geological layers encountered is summarised in below. E.1.4 SA1105 and SA1006 were drilled to the Lambeth Group whilst PR1107 was extended through the Thanet Sands and Seaford Chalk.
Table E.2 Groundwater - Dormay Street anticipated ground conditions Formation Made Ground Alluvium River Terrace Deposits London Clay B A3ii A3i A2 Harwich E.1.5 Top Elevation mATD 103.18 100.68 100.28 Depth below ground level (m) 0.00 2.50 2.90 Thickness (m) 2.50 0.40 2.10
98.18 79.08 66.78 64.28 53.68
5.00 24.10 36.40 38.90 49.50
19.10 12.30 2.50 10.60 0.1
At the site the invert level of the drop shaft will be at 80.87 mATD and 2m thick reinforced concrete base plug will be formed at the base of the shaft. The shaft is expected to be constructed through the Made Ground, Alluvium and River Terrace Deposits then entirely through the London Clay formation. The invert of the tunnel will also be within the London Clay Formation. The connection culvert from interception chamber to drop shaft will be approximately 40m in length and its invert level will be at 99.15mATD within River Terrace Deposits Borehole logs indicate the made ground containing sandy gravely clay with brick and occasional clinker is about 2.5m in thickness. Alluvium comprising silty clay and clayey silt, with occasional scattered pebbles and granules overlies the site. Within the Alluvium, local beds of fine to coarse-grained sand may be present, as laminar, lenticular or channel deposits, generally less than 1m thick but may reach up to 4m in thickness. The thickness of Alluvium is about 0.4m at the site. River Terrace Deposits are extensive alluvial sand and gravel deposits laid down in a braided river system of approximately 5km width, in river terraces since the Anglian glaciation. Phases of down-cutting and intervening deposition during colder periods and subsequent meltwaters increased river flows and sediment load. Seven terraces are distinguishable in London in terms of their altitude, rather than distinguishing lithological features, ranging in thickness from around 2.5 to 28m. The River Terrace Deposits at the site is 2.1m thick.
E.1.6
E.1.7 E.1.8
E.1.9
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Volume 11: Dormay Street E.1.10
Although the River Terrace Deposits commonly has very fine-grained sand, silt and clayey silt 'Brickearth' deposits above, the thickness of the River Terrace Deposits at the site and geological descriptions indicate the Brickearth is not present or significant at this site. The London Clay comprises clayey silt beds grading to an increasing number of silty fine-grained sand westward; and increase in homogeneity upwards through the deposit. The upper sandier formation is informally referred to as the Claygate Member to distinguish its coarser-grained nature. The thickness of London Clay formation at site reaches up to 44.5m. The London Clay is divided into sub-units referred from oldest to youngest as A to E, with some of these sub-units dividing further, for example A1, A2, A3i-iii in age order. The Harwich Formation comprises of fine-grained glauconitic sand and rounded black flinty pebble beds, commonly deposited in a series of superimposed channels.
E.1.11
E.1.12
E.1.13
E.2
E.2.1
Hydrogeology
A summary of the anticipated hydrogeological properties of the different geologies to be encountered by the Thames Tunnel is shown below. Table E.3 Groundwater - Dormay Street anticipated hydrogeology Group Superficial Deposits Formation (Made Ground) Alluvium River Terrace Deposits London Clay Thames Harwich Upper Shelly Beds Upper Mottled Beds Laminated Beds Lower Shelly Beds -----Mid Lambeth Hiatus---Lower Mottled Beds Upnor Thanet Sand Seaford Chalk White Chalk Subgroup White Chalk Lewes Nodular Chalk New Pit Chalk Lower Aquifer Hydrogeology Perched Water Upper Aquifer Aquiclude Aquitard / Aquifer
Lambeth
Aquitards/ Aquifers
No group
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The lower aquifer comprises the Upnor Formation, the Thanet Sands (secondary A aquifer) and the Chalk (principal aquifer) xiii comprising of the Seaford Chalk; as the shaft is not sufficiently deep to encounter the Lewes Nodular Chalk and New Pit Chalk formations beneath. The upper aquifer, comprising of the Alluvium and River Terrace Deposits is defined as a secondary A aquifer. According the GI boreholes the Alluvium and River Terrace Deposits (Upper Aquifer) are about 2.5m thick at the site. The depth of shaft will not extend down into the lower aquifer, indeed the separation distance between the base of shaft and the top of the Thanet Sands will be around 47m; and the separation distance between the base of the shaft and the top of the Upnor Beds the top of the lower aquifer, with an undetermined thickness, above the Thanet Sands - is assumed to be the effective top of the lower aquifer. The Upnor Beds are not expected to be greater than 5 to 8m thick) The shaft will be excavated through the upper aquifer and London Clay Formation (B and A3ii subdivision). The London Clay acts as an aquiclude between the upper and lower aquifers. It is expected that below the River Terrace Deposits, the shaft will be excavated in predominantly dry London Clay Formation with the exception of minor seepage at various horizons, namely silt or claystone horizons. Within the London Clay Formation, any groundwater present is likely to consist of localised seepages and/or minor flows. It is therefore possible that localised high pressure groundwater might be encountered within parts of the London Clay. The most porous section of London Clay the A3ii division - is present within the GI borehole logs. Groundwater movement through the London Clay Formation also occurs along horizontal bedding planes, resulting in localised seepages. The base of the London Clay has less sand fraction, and is therefore regarded as the less permeable and more compacted part of the London Clay, thereby forming an effective retardation to groundwater flow from the lower aquifer. Within the Lambeth Group, several confined groundwater bodies are expected to be encountered. Groundwater is expected during the excavation of through the Upper Shelly Beds (at the top of the Lambeth Group); and more significantly at sub-artesian pressures within the Laminated Beds (formerly part of the Woolwich Formation). Above the Lambeth Group, the thin fine-grained sand and pebble beds of the Harwich Formation. Most models do not consider the Harwich Formation as an aquifer separate to the other formations above the Thanet Sands. However, the Harwich Formation may form a minor aquifer unit where it is isolated from the lower aquifer (Chalk / Thanet Sands / Upnor Beds) by the Lambeth Group. There may be limited connection via erosive features to the lower aquifer.
E.2.3 E.2.4
E.2.5
E.2.6
E.2.7
E.2.8
xiii
The terms Principal and Secondary Aquifers were previously known as Major and Minor Aquifers (EA, 2010)
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E.3
E.3.1
Groundwater levels
The geotechnical investigation boreholes drilled for the Thames Tunnel project have been used to obtain hydrogeological information. Standpipes were installed to monitor groundwater levels in different horizon by means of data logger and/or manual dip. The monitoring is being undertaken by Thames Tunnel team and groundwater monitoring records from the completion of each borehole to January 2010 have been provided. In addition, the EA has a network of observation monitoring boreholes across London for which available historical and long term records have been provided up to September 2009 at the time of writing. The on-site monitoring boreholes (SA1105, SA1106, PR1107 and SR1108) with dual standpipe installations record groundwater levels in discrete horizons. The location of boreholes is presented in Vol 11 Figure 8.4.2 and installation details for each standpipe are listed below.
E.3.2
Table E.4 Groundwater - depth and strata from on-site monitoring boreholes Borehole Standpipe Diameter (mm) 50 25 Response Zone Depths mATD 70.22-65.22 53.22-51.22 Strata Monitoring Type and Frequency Monthly Dips Monthly Dips Bimonthly Manual Dips and 15 min Logger Data Fortnightly Manual Dips Fortnightly Manual Dips Bimonthly Manual Dips and 15 min Logger Data Monthly Dips Monthly Dips
SA1105 SA1105
London Clay Formation (A3) Lambeth Group: Upper Shelly Beds London Clay Formation (A2) Lambeth Group: Upper Mottled Beds River Terrace Deposits Harwich Formation (Clay and Limestone) River Terrace Deposits (Gravel) London Clay Formation (A2)
SA1106
50
65.43-60.43
SA1106 PR1107
25 50
49.63-47.43 100.95-98.95
PR1107
50
53.55-53.05
SR1108 SR1108
50 25
102.68-100.68 61.18-57.18
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Figure E.3 shows the monitoring undertaken in the River Terrace Deposits, London Clay Formation, Harwich Formation and upper parts of the Lambeth Group at the site. Groundwater levels in the River Terrace Deposits range from approximately 101.5m ATD to 102.3m ATD, consistently above the top of the River Terrace Deposits into the Made Ground. This piezometric head corresponds with the elevation of the top of the River Terrace Deposits and Alluvium at 100.28m ATD and 100.68m ATD, respectively. The piezometric head in London Clay Formation show three distinct levels for each of the monitoring points where manual dip/data logger measures. SR1108 and SA1106 monitoring A2 subdivision shows the piezometric head in the London Clay. The piezometric head in SR1108 ranges between 94.0m ATD and 94.9m ATD and SA1106 shows the head fluctuating between 95.6 m ATD and 97.6 m ATD. A sudden decrease of 0.7m in head at July 2010 appears to be an anomaly in this monitoring point. SA1105 monitoring A3 subdivision shows the piezometric head in the Made Ground, ranging between 102.35m ATD and 102.65m ATD. Hydrograph indicates that the piezometric head in the Harwich Formation is within top of the London Clay Formation, is around 95m ATD. The heads show a parallel signal with London Clay Formation A2 subdivision, inferring hydraulic connectivity between the London Clay Formation and Harwich Formation. The recording frequency of logger data and response to heads after may 2010 in Harwich Formation show an anomaly. Piezometric heads in Upper Shelly Beds and Upper Mottled Bed of the Lambeth Group are high and are above the top of the River Terrace Deposits and the top of London Clay, respectively. However, it is considered that the level of the shaft invert will be sufficiently high enough to avoid any groundwater effects, such as invert heave, from the intermediate and lower aquifers.
E.3.4
E.3.5
E.3.6
E.3.7
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Figure E.3 Groundwater level hydrograph - Dormay Street
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Figure E.4 Groundwater level hydrograph - Youngs Brewery OBH
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The nearest EA monitoring borehole is located at Youngs Brewery (TQ 2561 7467), approximately 300m to the southeast (see Figure E.4). This borehole records levels in the lower aquifer (mainly Chalk). A groundwater level hydrograph from this observation borehole is shown in Figure E.3 The figure indicates a long term trend of rising groundwater levels up to mid-2000, reflecting the changes in abstractions such as reductions in groundwater abstractions in central London due to the closure of heavy industries. Within this trend, the annual fluctuations in Chalk piezometric level varies by around 1.0m. The long term trend of rising water table commenced in early 2001. The recent lowering of levels reflects increase use of groundwater in central London. The latest levels from this borehole in December 2008 were around 78mATD (-22mAOD) (EA, 2010)48. The Environment Agency has produced a groundwater contour map of the confined Chalk piezometric heads at a snap-shot in time in January 2010. According to this map (EA, 2010) 49, the regional direction of groundwater flow around the site is to the northeast locally, towards a low point in central London.
E.3.9
E.3.10
E.4
E.4.1 E.4.2
Groundwater abstractions and protected rights

Groundwater abstractions within a radius of influence of up to 2km around the site have been identified. Licensed Abstractions there is one licensed groundwater abstractions, one from the confined Chalk approximately 600m to the northeast of the site. The Licence Number for this source is 28/39/42/0071 and the annual licensed quantity is 2,555,000m3/annum. The use of this source is for industrial, commercial and public services and licensed to Hanson Quarry Prod. Europe Ltd. Further details of these licensed abstractions are given below. Table E.5 Groundwater - licensed abstractions in the vicinity of site
E.4.3
Licence number
Licence holder
Purpose Industrial, Commercial And Public Services
Aquifer
Licensed volume [m3/annum]* 2,555,000
28/39/42/0071
Quarry Prod. Europe Ltd.
Chalk
* Excludes Public Water Supply Sources - see Section E.7.
E.4.4 E.4.5
Unlicensed Abstractions there are no known unlicensed groundwater abstraction within a 2km radius of the site. Ground Source Heat Pump there is one licensed GSHP schemes at a distance of 300m to the northeast. This scheme is located within the confined Chalk. The Licence Number for this source is TH/039/0041/001 and the annual licensed quantity is 390,000m3/annum. This GSHP is shown in Figure E.5.
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Appendix E: Water resources - ground
Figure E.5 Groundwater GSHP (see Volume 11 Figures document) E.4.6 Further details of these licensed GSHP abstractions are given below. Table E.6 Groundwater - licensed abstractions in the vicinity of site
Licence Number Licence Holder Purpose Aquifer Licensed Volume [m3/annum] 390,000
TH/039/0041/001
Frasers Riverside Quarter Ltd
Production Of Energy
Chalk
E.5
E.5.1 E.5.2
Groundwater Source Protection Zones

The EA defines Source Protection Zones (SPZ) around all major public water supply abstractions sources and large licensed private abstractions. The nearest SPZ to the site lies about 4.5km away to the northeast. This is not in the direction of groundwater flow within the confined Chalk beneath the site.
E.6
E.6.1
Other designations
The site is bound by Bell Lane Creek, tributary of the River Thames to north. Groundwater in upper aquifer may be in hydraulic conductivity with Bell Lane Creek. There are no other environmental designations relevant to groundwater in the vicinity of the site
E.6.2
E.7
E.7.1
Groundwater quality
The EA monitors groundwater quality at number of points across London (Figure E.6). Figure E.6 Groundwater EA monitoring locations (see Volume 11 Figures document)
E.7.2
The nearest EA monitoring is at King Georges Park, Wandsworth (PGWU1514), which lies approximately 300m away to the southeast of the site. The quality of water is typical of Chalk (Na-HCO3 water type). The higher than normal Na is due to ion exchange by the clay minerals within the Chalk matrix and Lower London Tertiaries (Lambeth Group) (EA, 2006) 50. The table below contains the parameters and the number of occasions which they have breached the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) at King Georges Park. The water quality information is available for the period July 1997 to June 2009. Table E.7 Groundwater detections at King Georges Park Parameter Ammonia Number of detections* 24 Number of Sampling 24
E.7.3
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Parameter Chlorofenvinphos Dichlorvos Diazinon Silver Propetamphos
* above EQS
Appendix E: Water resources - ground Number of detections* 12 3 5 4 5 Number of Sampling 12 3 12 4 12
E.7.4
Information provided by the Thames Tunnel team on land quality at the site shows exceedences in water samples of relevant standards. The samples were taken on one occasion in 2009 as part of the GI on the site (TT, 2010). Information provided by the Thames Tunnel team on land quality at the site shows exceedences in water samples of relevant standards. The samples were taken on one occasion in 2009 as part of the GI on the site (TT, 2010). The results from these boreholes are shown below. Table E.8 Groundwater and soil sample quality results Parameter Units Concentration Standard* Sampling Horizon River Terrace Deposits (Clay) Not known Not known London Clay Fm (A3) London Clay (A2) London Clay (A2) Ref
E.7.5
PAHs Copper Nickel PAHs Copper Arsenic

+
mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
0.00036
0.0001 0.005+ 0.02* 0.0001*
PR1107 SA1105 SA1105
0.037 0.14
0.00083 mg/l mg/l 0.006 0.015 0.005+ 0.01*
SA1105 SA1106 SA1106
Note * DWS; EQS
E.7.6 E.7.7
A hydrocarbon odour in River Terrace Deposits was noted in engineering logs for borehole SA110. Further monitoring of groundwater quality is being undertaken as part of the Thames Tunnel project monitoring programme. Further information will be presented in the ES.
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Glossary
Glossary
Term A-weighted sound Description A-weighted decibels, abbreviated dBA, or dBa, or dB(a), are an expression of the relative loudness of sounds in air as perceived by the human ear. Ground elevation is measured relative to the mean sea level at Newlyn in Cornwall, referred to as Ordnance Datum (OD), such that heights are reported in metres above or below OD. Removal of water from a source of supply (surface or groundwater). Areas where the local authority determines the national air quality objectives are not likely to be achieved by the relevant deadlines. People, property or designated sites for nature conservation that may be at risk from exposure to air pollutants that could potentially arise as a result of the proposed development/project. Sediment laid down by a river. Can range from sands and gravels deposited by fast flowing water and clays that settle out of suspension during overbank flooding. Other deposits found on a valley floor are usually included in the term alluvium (eg, peat). The average (mean) of the hourly pollutant concentrations measured or predicted for a one year period. Originating as a result of human activities. A hydrogeological unit which, that allows groundwater movement at negligible rates, even though porous and capable of storing water. Groundwater movement insufficient to allow appreciable supply to a borehole or spring. Aquicludes tend to act as an impermeable barrier. A permeable geological stratum or formation that is capable of both storing and transmitting water in significant amounts.
Above Ordinance Datum abstraction Air Quality Management Area air quality sensitive receptors
alluvium
Annual Mean Concentration anthropogenic aquiclude
aquifer
Archaeological Priority Areas of archaeological priority, significance, potential or Area/Zone other title, often designated by the local authority. background concentration Basal Sands base case The contribution to the total measured or predicted concentration of a pollutant that does not originate directly from local sources of emissions. The Upnor Beds (the lower unit of the Lambeth Group) and the Thanet Sands. The base case for the assessment is a future case, without the project, in a particular assessment year.
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term baseflow baseline benthic invertebrates Bentonite Description
Glossary
The component of river flow derived from groundwater sources rather than surface run-off. The existing conditions against which the likely significant effects due to a proposed development are assessed. Invertebrates which are found within or on the river bed. An absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate, in general, impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. Mixed with water, it forms a slurry commonly used as drilling fluid and ground support in tunnelling. A hole drilled into the ground for geological investigation or for the exploitation of geological deposits or groundwater. An abstraction borehole is a well sunk into an aquifer from which water will be pumped. Wind-blown dust deposited under extremely cold, dry post glacial conditions suitable for making bricks. Produced by the BSI Group in order to set up standards of quality for goods and services. 2,000600 BC. Recording of historic buildings (by a competent archaeological organisation) is undertaken to document buildings, or parts of buildings, which may be lost as a result of demolition, alteration or neglect, amongst other reasons. Four levels of recording are defined by Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME) and English Heritage. Level 1 (basic visual record); Level 2 (descriptive record), Level 3 (analytical record), and Level 4 (comprehensive analytical record). Also called a bund wall, bunding is a separated area within a structure designed to prevent inundation or breaches of various types. An area of stone, concrete or timber laid on the river / sea bed, that is exposed at low tide, allowing vessels to rest safely and securely in place. The area from which surface water and/or groundwater will collect and contribute to the flow of a specific river, abstraction or other specific discharge boundary. Can be prefixed by surface water or groundwater to indicate the specific nature of the catchment.
borehole
brickearth British Standard Bronze Age Building recording
bunding
campshed
catchment
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy (CAMS) Description
Glossary
The Environment Agencys strategy for water resources management in England and Wales through licensing water abstraction. CAMS is used to inform the public on water resources and licensing practice; provide a consistent approach to local water resources management; and help to balance the needs of water-users and the environment. A curve formed by a perfectly flexible, uniformly dense, and inextensible cable suspended from its endpoints. Whales, dolphins and porpoises. A soft white limestone (calcium carbonate) formed from the skeletal remains of sea creatures. Method for evaluating invertebrate communities based on species rarity, diversity and abundance. A temporary or permanent enclosure built across a body of water to allow the enclosed area to be pumped out creating a dry work environment. A sewer conveying waste water of domestic or industrial origin and rain water. A structure, or series of structures, designed to allow spillage of excess waste water from a combined sewer under high rainfall conditions. Flows may discharge by gravity or by pumping. A simplified representation or qualified description of the behaviour of the hydrogeological system. A quantitative conceptual model includes preliminary calculations and flow and mass balances. Conservation areas defined by Local Planning Authorities according to the provisions of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The area of site that would be used during the construction phase. The statutory plan which sets out a boroughs planning policies in relation to the management of development and land use. Supersedes the Unitary Development Plan in Boroughs where it has been adopted. A mobile crane, usually with caterpillar tracks. The flow from the existing CSO is diverted to the location of the drop shaft. The drop shaft location requires suitable access for construction and maintenance.
catenary Cetaceans Chalk Community Conservation Index. (CCI) cofferdam
combined sewer combined sewer overflow (CSO)
conceptual model
Conservation area
construction site Core Strategy
crawler crane CSO connection culvert
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term CSO connection tunnel Description
Glossary
The flow from the drop shaft is transferred to the Thames Tunnel through a connection tunnel. These vary in diameter from 2.2m to 5.0m Long connection tunnels can be up to 4,615m in length. The shaft connects the flow down to the Thames Tunnel. The shaft sizes depend on the amount of flow to be intercepted and the de-aeration requirements and the depth depends on the location of the Thames Tunnel. The size ranges from 6m to 25m and depth from 25 to 75m. Site where the flows from an existing CSO would be redirected to the main Thames Tunnel. An area of land or structures around a dwelling or other structure. Excavated material to be re-used within the development as fill or removed off-site. the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level having the same energy as a fluctuating sound over a specified time period T. An area within the shaft and/or associated pipe work, where air is removed from liquids. Logarithmic ratio used to relate sound pressure level to a standard reference level. Influencing or determining elements or factors. In London these refer to the borough Unitary Development Plans. A system used to locally lower groundwater levels around the worksite to provide stable working conditions when excavating. A diaphragm wall is a reinforced concrete retaining wall that is constructed in-situ. A deep trench is excavated and supported with bentonite slurry, and then reinforcing steel is inserted into the trench. Concrete is poured into the trench and only after this does excavation in front of the retained earth commence. The release of substances (eg, water, sewage, etc.) into surface waters, ground or sewer. A lowering of the water level in a borehole or aquifer, usually in response to abstraction. Legal standards set in Europe in the Drinking Water Directive 1998 together with UK national standards to maintain wholesomeness of potable water.
CSO drop shaft
CSO interception site curtilage cut dB LAeq,T
de-aeration chamber decibel (dB) determinands Development Plan dewatering wells
diaphragm wall
discharge drawdown Drinking Water Standards
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term early medieval effect effluent Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Description
Glossary
AD 410 1066. Also referred to as the Saxon period. The result of an impact on a particular resource or receptor. The treated wastewater discharged from the Sewage Treatment Works. An assessment of the likely significant effects that a proposed project may have on the environment, considering natural, social and economic aspects, prepared in accordance with the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The concentration of chemical pollutants assessed to have detrimental effects on water quality in terms of the health of aquatic plants and animals. EQS are established in the WFD (Annex V) through the testing of the toxicity of the substance on aquatic biology. A document to be prepared following an EIA which provides a systematic and objective account of the EIAs findings, prepared in accordance with the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. A limited programme of nonintrusive and/or intrusive fieldwork which determines the presence or absence of archaeological features, structures, deposits, artefacts or ecofacts within a specified area. A programme of controlled, intrusive fieldwork with defined research objectives which examines, records and interprets archaeological remains, retrieves artefacts, ecofacts and other remains within a specified area. The records made and objects gathered are studied and the results published in detail appropriate to the project design. A structural planar fracture or discontinuity within lithological strata due to strain or compression, in which significant displacement is observable. Factors that will determine the severity of an odour as defined by the Environment Agency; Frequency, Intensity, Duration, Offensiveness, Receptor. Material required to raise existing ground levels. This can utilise cut material generated within the site, or necessitate the importation of material. The location at which an item was found. A sewer conveying waste water of domestic and/or industrial origin, but little or no rain water. A breakage in a rock mass. Present at any scale, but is generally used for large scale discontinuities.
Environmental Quality Standards (EQS)
Environmental Statement (ES)
Evaluation (archaeological)
Excavation (archaeological)
fault
FIDOR
fill
findspot foul sewer fracture
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term GARDIT Description
Glossary
General Aquifer Research Development and Investigation Team (Thames Water, the Environment Agency and London Underground with the support of organisations such as the Corporation of London, Envirologic, the Association of British Insurers (ABI) and BT). The gradual increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere, believed to be due to the greenhouse effect, caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. Benchmark national quality standard for parks and green spaces in the United Kingdom. Water contained in underground strata, predominantly in aquifers. Inundation of land or basements as groundwater levels rise and the groundwater discharges to the surface or underground structures. The rise in groundwater level that occurs after cessation of abstraction. Groundwater Body: distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers. A dark brown slightly glauconitic clay with localised fine sand. Temporary roads provided within the contractors site area to allow the transportation of material around the site. A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. Heritage assets are the valued components of the Historic environment. They include designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing). Archaeological and built heritage database held and maintained by the County authority. Previously known as the Sites and Monuments Record. Designated residential area with streets designed to operate primarily as a space for social use. Generally hard nodular chalks with thin flaser marls. In parts, there are significant proportions of shell debris. Inter-bedded coloured marl and chalk succession characteristic of the Plenus Marls Member are found at its base. Above this, the Melbourn Rock Member is distinguishable by its lack of shell material.
global warming
Green Flag groundwater groundwater flooding
groundwater rebound GWB Harwich Formation haul roads heritage asset
Historic environment Record (HER) Homezone Holywell Nodular Chalk
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term hydraulic conductivity Description
Glossary
A constant of proportionality in Darcys law that allows the calculation of the rate of groundwater flow from the hydraulic gradient. For a unit hydraulic gradient, the higher the hydraulic conductivity the higher the rate of groundwater flow. In an aquifer this is the rate of change of groundwater level per unit distance in a given direction. Groundwater flows in the direction of the decline in hydraulic gradient. A graph showing a plot of water flow or level with time, applicable to both surface water and groundwater. A physical or measurable change to the environment attributable to the project. This structure is required to be built around the existing overflow either on land or at the discharge point in the foreshore. The chamber has a weir and valves to divert the flow in to the Thames Tunnel system. It is likely to be a reinforced concrete cut and cover box structure. In some other cases the structure is required to be built adjacent to an inlet or sump of a pump station from which the flow is diverted 600 BC AD 43. A caisson is a retaining, water-tight structure open to the air. A jack is used to push the caisson into the ground, with the internal area then excavated. Equivalent continuous sound level is a notional steady sound level which would cause the same A-weighted sound energy to be received as that due to the actual and possibly fluctuating sound over a period of time (T). It can also be used to relate periods of exposure and noise level. Thus, for example, a halving or doubling of the period of exposure is equivalent in sound energy to a decrease or increase of 3dB(A) in the sound level for the original period. The maximum sound level measured on the A- weighted scale occurring during an event. Complex sequence of highly variable inter-bedded sediments which include clay, sands, pebble beds and Shelly beds. Fine to coarse sand or clay with occasional black organic matter. AD 1066 1500. The Lee Tunnel comprises a 7.2m diameter storage and transfer tunnel from Abbey Mills Pumping Station to Beckton STW and the interception of the Abbey Mills CSO.
hydraulic gradient
hydrograph impact interception chamber
Iron Age jacked caission
LAeq(T)
LAmax Lambeth Group Laminated Beds later medieval Lee Tunnel
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term Lewes Nodular Chalk Description
Glossary
Hard to very hard nodular chalks and hardgrounds with interbedded soft to medium hard chalks and marls. More abundant softer chalks towards the top. Formal permit allowing the holder to engage in an activity (in the context of this report, usually abstraction), subject to conditions specified in the licence itself and the legislation under which it was issued. A structure of architectural and/or historical interest. These are included on the Secretary of State's list, which affords statutory protection. These are subdivided in to Grades I, II* and II (in descending importance). The general characteristics of a rock or sedimentary formation. Local areas where the local authority determines the national air quality objectives are not likely to be achieved by the relevant deadlines. Collection of planning documents prepared by the Local Planning Authority outlining the management of development and land use in a Borough. A structure of local architectural and/or historical interest. These are structures that are not included in the Secretary of States Listing but are considered by the local authority to have architectural and/or historical merit. An area specific plan to interpret and apply the strategy set out in the Structure Plan, to provide a detailed basis for the control of development, to provide a basis for co-ordinating new development and to bring planning issues before the public. Fine sandy silty clay to silty clay. The LTI comprise five separate improvement projects at Thames Waters five Tideway sewage treatment works (STWs): Mogden, Beckton, Crossness, Riverside and Long Reach. The LTT comprises two separate projects: the Lee Tunnel and the Thames Tunnel. Consisting of the Upnor Beds (the lowest unit of the Lambeth Group), the Thanet Sands and the Chalk. Artificial deposit. An archaeologist would differentiate between modern made ground, containing identifiably modern inclusion such as concrete (but not brick or tile), and undated made ground, which may potentially contain deposits of archaeological interest.
licence
listed building
lithology Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) Local Development Framework (LDF) locally listed building
Local Plan
London Clay London Tideway Improvements (LTI)
London Tideway Tunnels (LTT) Lower aquifer made ground
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term main tunnel drive shaft site main tunnel reception shaft site Mesolithic mitigation measures Description
Glossary
Site that would be used to insert and then drive the TBM. Site that would be used to remove the TBM from the Thames Tunnel at the end of the drive. 12,000 4,000 BC. Actions proposed to prevent or reduce adverse effects arising from the whole or specific elements of the development. 4,000 2,000 BC. Non-nodular chalk, massively bedded, with fairly regularly developed marl seams and sporadic flints. A product of combustion processes. Nitrogen dioxide is associated with adverse effects on human health. A report which briefly describes the main points discussed in the Environmental Statement in a clear manner without the use of technical jargon and phraseology. This report is a requirement of the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The Water Services Regulations Authority, a government body set up in 1989 to regulate the activities of the water companies in England and Wales. Odour panel sampling carried out in laboratory conditions. Related to past environments, ie, during the prehistoric and later periods. Such remains can be of archaeological interest, and often consist of organic remains such as pollen and plant macro fossils which can be used to reconstruct the past environment. 700,00012,000 BC. A Middle Bronze Age axe. Solid particles or liquid droplets suspended or carried in the air and includes the same matter after it has deposited onto a surface. For the purposes of this assessment the term includes all size fractions of suspended matter, such as dust, PM10 and PM2.5. A structure containing carbon which absorbs odour from air flowing out of the Tunnel, without the assistance of mechanical pumping. Preliminary Environmental Information Report is a document setting out initial environmental information. In accordance with the Planning Act 2008, it is a requirement that this is the subject of pre-application consultation.
Neolithic New Pit Chalk nitrogen dioxide (and oxides NO2 and NO) Non-Technical Summary (NTS)
Ofwat
olfactometry Palaeo-environmental
Palaeolithic palstave particulate matter (PM)
passive filter chamber
PEIR
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term pelagic invertebrates perched water Description Invertebrates which are found in the water column.
Glossary
Is groundwater in an aquifer present above the regional water table, as a result of a (semi-)impermeable layer of rock or sediment above the main water table/aquifer, below the ground surface. The capacity of soil or porous rock to transmit water. A measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. A borehole designed specifically to allow the measurement of groundwater level. The level or head to which groundwater would rise in a piezometer if it is free to seek equilibrium with the atmosphere. Written procedures put in place for dealing with spillages and pollution. Containing void spaces. Most sedimentary rocks are porous to some extent, and the term is commonly applied in a relative sense, generally restricted to rocks which have significant effective porosity. Refers to Option 3 Abbey Mills route, which runs from Action Storm Tanks in west London to Limehouse then turns northeast to Abbey Mills Pumping Station, where it connects with the Lee Tunnel. Refers to the preferred route and construction sites. Sites assessed as most suitable following review of suitability of each shortlisted site by taking in to account engineering,planning, environment, property and community considerations. Preservation by recording and advancement of understanding of asset significance. This is a standard archaeological mitigation strategy where heritage assets remains are fully excavated and recorded archaeologically and the results published. For remains of lesser significance, preservation by record might comprise an archaeological watching brief. Archaeological mitigation strategy where nationally important (whether designated or not) heritage assets are conserved in situ for future generations, typically through modifications to design proposals to avoid damage or destruction of such remains.
permeability pH piezometer piezometric surface
Pollution Incident Control Plan porous
preferred route
preferred scheme preferred site
preservation by record
preservation in situ
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term Principal Aquifer Description
Glossary
A geological stratum that exhibits high inter-granular and/or fracture permeability. This strata has the ability to support water supply and/or river base flow on a strategic scale. Principal Aquifers equate in most cases to aquifers previously referred to as Major Aquifers. Term used to describe the supply of water provided by a water company. Putty chalk (clay characteristics) near the surface of the unit above firm to soft non-nodular chalk with flint (Upper Chalk undivided) above hard nodular chalk with flints (Lewes Chalk). An international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of wetlands. River Basin Management Plans these are the relevant plans that outline the state of water resources within a River Basin District relevant to the objectives of the WFD. The rarest and most threatened species are often listed in the Red Data Book of Insectsxiv, within which there are three categories. Taxa in danger of extinction are referred to as RDB 1 species; those considered to be vulnerable and likely to move into the endangered category are listed under RDB 2, whilst rare species occur on RDB 3. Section of river between two points. Extensive alluvial sand and gravel deposits laid down in a braided river system in river terraces since the Anglian glaciations. Where live data is used to manipulate control equipment in order to best manage the flow of storm water and sewage within the capacity of the system. People (both individually and communally) and the socioeconomic systems they support. Water that percolates downwards from the surface to replenish the water table. The red route is a network of roads designated by Transport for London that carry heavy volumes of traffic and are essential for the movement of traffic and public transport. These comprise mainly of major routes into and around London. Transport for London are responsible for enforcing the red routes which include clearways, parking and loading bays, bus lanes, yellow box junctions and banned turns.
Public Water Supply Putty Chalk
RAMSAR RBMP
RDB3
reach River Terrace Deposits real time control (RTC) receptors recharge Red route
xiv
Bratton, (1991) Red Data Book for Insects
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term risk assessment Description
Glossary
Assessment of the risks associated with an activity or object and possible accidents involving a source or practice. This includes assessment of consequence. AD 43 410. Scheduled Ancient Monument. More commonly referred to as Scheduled Monument. Entry of brackish or salt water into an aquifer, from the sea or estuary. This may be natural or induced by excessive or uncontrolled groundwater abstraction. The zone in which the voids in a rock or soil are filled with water at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. An ancient monument or archaeological deposits designated by the Secretary of State as a Scheduled Ancient Monument and protected under the Ancient Monuments Act. The formal view of the determining authority on the range of topics and issues to be considered by the Environmental Impact Assessment, as referred to in the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The document prepared by the applicant setting out the proposed approach to the Environmental Impact Assessment, including the range of topics and issues to be addressed, as referred to in the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The formal view of the determining authority on the need for an Environmental Impact Assessment to be undertaken, as referred to in the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The upper unit of the White Chalk, comprising of as firm to soft non-nodular Chalk with flint beds. Thin marl seams are found towards its base and and absent higher up. A hard ground marks the top of the Seaford Chalk. Alternate piles in-filled with concrete to form a water-tight retaining wall. Either permeable strata capable of supporting local supplies or low permeability strata with localised features such as fissures. The term Secondary Aquifer replaces the previously used name of Minor Aquifer. There are two classes of Secondary Aquifer. Secondary A are capable of supporting water supplies at a local rather than strategic scale and Secondary B are lower permeability layers which may store and yield limited amounts of groundwater due to localised features such as fissures, thin permeable horizons and weathering.
Roman SAM saline intrusion
saturated zone Scheduled Monument
Scoping Opinion
Scoping Report
Screening Opinion
Seaford Chalk
secant piles Secondary Aquifers
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term short listed sites SINC (Grade B) SINC (Grade L) SINC (Grade M) Site Description
Glossary
Sites idenitfied following an assessment of long list sites in accordance with the Site Selection Methodology. Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Grade II of Borough importance). Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Grade I of Local importance). Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Grade III of Metropolitan importance). For the purposes of the PEIR assessment, the site is deemed as the entire area located within the Limit of Land to be Acquired or Used. It should not be inferred that this entire site area will be physically separated (ie, hoarded or fenced) for the construction duration. An area given a statutory designation by English Nature or the Countryside Council for Wales because of its nature conservation value. Materials such as hard standing and vegetation including incidental topsoil (including potential contaminated soil). A record of sites of archaeological interest. An efficient method for constructing the tunnel lining with a layer of sprayed concrete. This is instead of using pre-cast concrete segments. Layers of rock, including unconsolidated materials such as sands and gravels. The study of stratified rocks, their nature, their occurrence, their relationship to each other and their classification. A colourless gas with a choking smell, the main product of the combustion of sulphur contained in fuels. Overarching term for recent generally unconsolidated or loosely consolidated deposits of sand, gravel, silt, clay, etc on top of bedrock. Synonymous with drift generally supersedes the term. This is a general term used to describe all water features such as rivers, streams, springs, ponds and lakes. Water that travels across the ground rather than seeping in to the soil.
Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) site strip Sites and Monuments Record sprayed concrete lining strata stratigraphy sulphur dioxide (SO2) superficial deposits
surface water surface water runoff
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term Thames Tunnel Description
Glossary
The Thames Tunnel comprises a full-length storage and transfer tunnel from Acton Storm Tanks to Beckton Sewage Treatment Works in East London and the interception of specific CSOs along the Thames Tideway with a diameter between 6.5m and 7.2m. Coarsening upward sequence of well sorted fine grained sand which has a higher clay / silt content towards the lower part of the sequence, and evidence of intense bioturbation removing bedding structures. The Thames Tunnel project. Length of river channel swept by water from a discharge point in one tidal cycle. In the case of the River Thames this is considered to 13km up and downstream of the discharge point. Tool developed on behalf of Thames Water to assess the effects of lapses in water quality caused by CSO discharges on Tideway fish populations. The formal assessment of traffic and transportation issues relating to the proposed development. The findings are usually presented in a report which accompanies the planning application. Partially or wholly remove. In archaeological terms remains may have been truncated by previous construction activity. A typical year relates to an actual year, eg, the corresponding meteorological dataset for that year used in the modelling which was 1979-80. The corresponding meteorological dataset is used as it would give a better indication of conditions rather than using a recent year of data where the meteorological data may not be consistent with a rainfall event leading to the tunnel emissions. An enclosed space below the ground surface where air is released to atmosphere, should the pressure within the Tunnel exceed a set value. The statutory plan which sets out a unitary authoritys planning policies. These are rocks which are generally unable to provide usable water supplies and are unlikely to have surface water and wetland ecosystems dependent upon them. Variably bioturbated fine- to medium-grained sand with glauconite, rounded flint pebbles and minor clay, with distinctive pebble beds and base and top.
Thanet Sands
The project tidal excursion
Tideway Fish Risk Model Transport Assessment (TA)
truncate typical year
underground pressure release chamber Unitary Development Plan (UDP) unproductive strata
Upnor Formation
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Volume 11: Dormay Street Term Upper aquifer Upper Mottled Beds Upper Shelly Beds Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive valve chamber Description
Glossary
Comprising the water bearing strata above the London Clay, namely the River Terrace Deposits and the Alluvium. A bluish grey mottled with greenish brown clay. Contains shell fragments within a flinty gravel or a sandy clay The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (1991) has the overall aim of protecting the environment from the adverse effects of urban waste water discharges. An underground structure on the sewer system containing valves which are used to isolate the flow between different parts of the sewer system. For example, flap valves prevent the flow from the river travelling back up the sewer or into the tunnel. A stack through which air is released. An EC Directive seeking to improve water quality in rivers and groundwater in an integrated way (2000). An archaeological watching brief is a formal programme of observation and investigation conducted during any operation carried out for nonarchaeological reasons. Level below which the ground is saturated with water. The water table elevation may vary with recharge and groundwater abstraction. The WEEE Directive aims to reduce the amount of electrical and electronic equipment going to landfill and to encourage everyone to reuse, recycle and recover it. Chalk with flints, with discrete marl seams, nodular chalk, sponge-rich and flint seams throughout. Flint typology and marl seam incidence is important for correlation. Comprises of Seaford Chalk, Lewes Nodular Chalk, New Pit Chalk and Holywell Nodular Chalk.
ventilation column Water Framework Directive (WFD) watching brief (archaeological) water table
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) White Chalk subgroup
Page 296
References
References
1
Great London Authority and London Councils (2006) Best Practice Guidance: The control of dust and emissions from construction and demolition, November 2006.
2
Defra, http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/review-and-assessment/tools/backgroundmaps.html, Accessed May 2011)

3 4
LB Wandsworth, Personal Communication with David Kennett EHO, March 2011
Defra (2010), http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/Measured-nitrogen-oxides-(NOx)and-or-nitrogen-dioxide-(NO2)-concentrations-do-not-appear-to-be-declining-in-linewith-national-forecastsv1.pdf, Accessed April 2011

5
Defra (2009) Local Air Quality Managemen t- Technical Guidance, LAQM.TG(09).
6 Greater London Authority and London Councils (2006) Best Practice Guidance: The Control of Dust and Emissions from Construction and Demolition, November 2006
7 8
Defra (2010) Draft National Policy Statement for Waste Water, November 2010.
Thames Estuary Partnership Biodiversity Action Group (2002) Tidal Thames Habitat Action Plan. London Biodiversity Partnership.
9
Colclough, S.R, Gray, G, Bark, A & Knights, B (2002) Journal of Fish Biology 61 (Supplement A), 64-73. Fish and fisheries of the tidal Thames: management of the modern resource, research aims and future pressures. Chadd, R and Extence, C (2004) The conservation of freshwater macroinvertebrate populations: a community based classification scheme. Aquatic Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 14: 597-624.
11 10
Bratton, J.H. (ed) (1991). British Red Data Books: 3. Invertebrates other than insects. JNCC, Peterborough.
Shirt, D.B. (editor) 1987. British Red Data Books: 2 Insects. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council.
13
12
Turnpenny, A.W.H., Clough, S.C., Holden, S.D.J., Bridges, M., Bird, H., OKeeffe, N.J., Johnson, D., Edmonds, M., Hinks, C. (2004). Thames Tideway Strategy: Experimental Studies on the Dissolved Oxygen Requirements of Fish Consultancy Report no.FCR374/04 to Thames Water Utilities, Ltd. Fawley Aquatic Research, Fawley Southampton, April, 2004. http://www.wfduk.org/LibraryPublicDocs/ThamesTidewayStrategyExperimentalStudie sontheDissolvedOxygenRequirementsofFish] IEEM. Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the United Kingdom. Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (2006)
15 14
Department of Communities and Local Government. Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment (March 2010), 1, 13
16
Museum of London Archaeology Service, The Archaeology of Greater London. MoLAS and English Heritage (2000), 150
17
Farrant N, Roman roads in Wandsworth in The Wandsworth Historian Vol 13 Dec 1975. Wandsworth Historical Society (1975), fig 4
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Gerhold D, Wandsworth Past. Historical Publications (1998), 13
Gerhold D, Wandsworth Past. Historical Publications (1998), 13 and Victoria County History, A History of the County of Surrey Vol IV. Victoria County History. London (1967), 108 Victoria County History, A History of the County of Surrey Vol IV. Victoria County History. London (1967), 108
21 20
Williams A and Martin GH, The Domesday Book, a complete translation. Penguin (2003), 84 Gerhold D, Wandsworth Past. Historical Publications (1998), 14
22 23
Cherry B and Pevsner N The Buildings of England: London 2: South. Yale University Press (1983), 701
24 25 26 27 28
Gerhold D, Wandsworth Past. Historical Publications (1998), 7 Weinreb B and Hibbert C, The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan (1983), 947 Gerhold D, Wandsworth Past. Historical Publications (1998), 7 Gerhold D, Wandsworth Past. Historical Publications (1998), 11
Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (2007), London Noise Maps (http://services.defra.gov.uk/wps/portal/noise)
29
BS 5228:2009 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites
30
BS 4142 (1997): Method for rating industrial noise affecting mixed residential and industrial areas LB Wandsworth. Wandsworth Core Strategy Development Plan and policies document, October 2010
32 33 34 35 31
LB Wandsworth/DTZ. LB Wandsworth Employment Land Study, July 2010 LDA. Londons Industrial Land Baseline, June 2010 LDA. Londons Industrial Land Baseline, June 2010
LB Wandsworth/DTZ. LB Wandsworth Employment Land Study, July 2010, page 85 (employment in the wholesale sector) Homes and Communities Agency (HCA). Employment Densities Guide 2nd Edition, 2010
37 36
Thames Recreational Users Study Final Report (2007), a collaborative partnership project between the City of London Port Health Authority and the Health Protection Agency
38
Communities and Local Government (March 2010). Planning Policy Statement 25 Development and Flood Risk.
39
(Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk Practice Guide. Communities and Local Government (Dec 2009)) and is consistent with the outputs and findings of the Thames Estuary 2100 Plan (TE2100) (Thames Estuary 2100 Flood Risk Management Plan. Environment Agency. (Accessed Feb 2011) http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/consultations/106100.aspx)
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The London Plan Spatial Development Strategy for Greater London. Greater London Authority (Jul 2011 London Boroughs of Wandsworth, Merton, Sutton and Croydon Level 1 Final Report. Scott Wilson Ltd (Dec 2008). London Boroughs of Wandsworth, Merton, Sutton and Croydon Level 2 Final Report. Scott Wilson Ltd (Apr 2009
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Thames Estuary 2100 Flood Risk Management Plan. Environment Agency
Thames Region Catchment Flood Management Plan Summary Report. Environment Agency, Jan 2007 London Regional Flood Risk Appraisal. Greater London Authority (Oct 2009
44 45
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48 49 50 47 46
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Page 299
Thames Tunn
110-RG-ENV-PWH7X-000019
Phase two consultation (Autumn 2011)
For further information see our website: www.thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk or call us on 0800 0721 086
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