KPD 3016: PENGAJARAN TEKNOLOGI DAN PENAKSIRAN 1 KUMPULAN A

TUGASAN 3

PENSYARAH: DR ABDUL RAZAK BIN ABD SAMAD

DISEDIAKAN OLEH: SITI SAUFU BINTI MAT ISA D20091035140 TEAM 6

CONCEPT MAP

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Radioactive substances
are mainly

require

Proper handling of radioactive substances

dealing with

Production of nuclear energy

involves

Radioisotopes
involve process of

used in

Radioactive wastes

Fission
can be controlled by

Fusion

Agriculture Medicine Archaeology

Radioactive decay

Reactor
used in

gives out

Industry Food preservation Effect on living things

Radioactive radiation

Generating electricity

1. Radioactive substances are materials which contain radioisotopes. 2. Carbon-14, cobalt-60 and iodine-31 are some examples of radioactive substances. Radioactive Substances 3. Radioisotopes are isotopes which contain unstable nuclei and will undergo radioactive decay. 4. Radioactive decay is a decay process which transforms unstable nuclei into a more stable one together with the emission of radioactive radiation. 5. Alpha particles, beta particles and gamma ray are the three types of radioactive radiation. 6. Radioactive materials are used as tracers, for thickness control, medical treatments, food preservation and radioactive dating.

Production of Nuclear Energy and Its Uses

1. Nuclear energy can be produced through fission and fusion. 2. Nuclear fission is the process whereby a heavy nucleus is split into two or more lighter nuclei, accompanied by the release of energy. 3. Nuclear fusion is the process whereby two or more light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, accompanied by the release of energy. 4. The most productive use of nuclear energy is to generate electricity. 5. Nuclear reactor is used to produce a steady controlled release of nuclear energy to generate electricity. 6. The production of nuclear energy can be very controversial due to the risks of radioactive radiation, the risk of accident and the management of radioactive waste.

The Need for Proper Handling of Radioactive Substances

1. Exposure to radioactive radiation is hazardous to human health and other living things. 2. The effects of radioactive radiation can be short term or long term. 3. The handling of highly radioactive substances and radioactive wastes must be done properly.

Unit Fakta 1.0 Radioactive are unstable. Understanding Radioactive Radioactive substances Substances. are the materials which contains radioisotope. Radioactive decay is the decay process which transforms an unstable nucleus into a more stable one. There are three types of radiation: 1. Alpha 2. Beta 3. Gamma Radioactive substances is use in: 1. Agriculture 2. Industry 3. Medicine 4. Food preservation 5. Archeology

Pengetahuan Konsep/ istilah Radioisotopes are isotopes which contain unstable nuclei and will undergo radioactive decay. Radioactive decay is a spontaneous process. Alpha radiation - Helium nucleus with a positive charge. - Consist of two protons and two neutrons. - Move at low speed. - Low penetrating power. - Most dangerous type.

Generalisasi Three common types of radioactive decay.

Kognitif Student will be able to: State what radioactive substances are Give examples of radioactive substances. Describe the process of radioactive decay. Name the three types of radioactive radiations

Kemahiran Psikomotor Student will be able to: View a video and make a chart about radioactive substances, radioactive radiation and radioisotopes. Draw the alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays to differentiate between them. Draw the penetrating power of alpha, beta particles and gamma ray. Carry out an activity such as group discussion to compare and

Sosial Student will be able to : Realize the important of radioactive substances in our daily life.

The penetrating power of alpha, beta and gamma radiation.

Low penetrating power of alpha can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Penetrating power of beta can be stopped by aluminium sheet that is 5mm thick. High penetrating power of gamma can be stopped by thick lead block or thick concrete wall.

Describe the characteristics of each type of radioactive radiation. Compare and contrast radioactive radiations

High ionizing power.

Detect leak of underground pipe using tracers.

Explain what radioisotopes are Give examples of radioisotopes. Explain the uses of radioactive substances.

Beta radiation - An electron. - Lighter than alpha particles. - Higher penetrating power. - Less dangerous. - Weak ionizing power. Gamma radiation - Neutral and have no mass. - Very low ionizing power - Not cause damage through ionization. In industry, radioactive

contrast the characteristics of the three types of radioactive radiations. View computer simulations or videos to discuss the uses of radioactive substances in the following fields: a) agriculture, b) medicine, c) archaeology, d) industry, e) food preservation. Access websites or visit Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology (MINT) to collect information on radioactive substances and

Thickness of paper can be controlled by measuring how much beta radiation passes through the paper to a Geiger Counter.

substances are used to detect leaking pipes. In agriculture, it is used to determine the amount of fertilizers needed for a crop. In medical treatment, it is used as a tracer to check the function of body organs. In food industry, gamma rays can be used to kill bacteria, mould and insects in food. Radioactive dating or carbon-14 dating- to estimate the age of ancient remains such as the age of dinasours.

nuclear energy.

2.0 Process of nuclear energy Understanding production is divided into the production two: of nuclear 1. Fission energy and its 2. Fusion uses. The most productive use of nuclear energy is to generate electricity. Radiation can cause serious health problems in humans.

Nuclear fission is the process of splitting the heavier nucleus into two smaller nuclei of different element with the release of energy. Nuclear fusion is the process of fusing or combining two light nuclei together to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy. A nuclear power station produces electricity in the same way as a power station by fossil fuels. When uranium goes through the fission process, the radiation increases and the waste fuel is highly radioactive.

Nuclear fission of uranium. -an enormous energy is released.

Student will be able : Describe the production of nuclear energy through fission Describe the production of nuclear energy through fusion. State the uses of nuclear energy Describe the process of generating electricity from nuclear energy Explain the effects of nuclear energy production.

Student will be able : View computer simulations or videos and take a note from there. Then they will discuss the production of nuclear energy through the following: a) fission, b) fusion. Read articles and do a group presentation on the following: a) the uses of nuclear energy, b) the effects of nuclear energy production.

Student will be able to : Appreciate the uses of electricity in daily life. Thankful the gifts oh healthy by god.

Fusion of two hydrogen isotopes. -need very high temperature. -more nuclear energy is released.

- At a nuclear power station, a nuclear reactor takes the place of a combustion boiler. -The heat energy released during the fission of uranium is used to produce steam. -The steam is used to spin the turbine and drive the electric generator. A low level radiation can cause cell death, genetic mutation cancers and birth defects.

3.0 Awareness of the need for proper handling of radioactive substances.

Exposure to radioactive radiation is hazardous to humans and other living things.

Exposures to high doses radiation are fatal. 1. Strong radiation Handle it with a great destroys care. body system. 2. Small Three types of doses cause headaches, radioactive wastes. vomiting 1. Low-level wastes. and diarrhea. 2. Intermediate-level 3. Long term wastes exposure to radiation 3. High-level cause wastes. mutation, leukemia and cancerous growth. Pollute the environment and destroy the ecosystem. Radioactive substances should be stored in thick lead containers or

Some reasons for the need to have nuclear power stations: 1. The demand for electricity increasing every year. 2. It provides more electricity at a cheaper rate compared to others. 3. Do not cause acid rain smoke or other kind of air pollution. 4. Enables nations with no fossil fuels to generate their own electricity. Some reasons against the need to have nuclear power stations: 1. Nuclear power stations are usually very large and expensive. 2. Produce high radioactive wastes. 3. If an accident happens it would be disaster.

Student will be able to : State the effects of radioactive radiations on living things Describe the correct way of handling radioactive substances and radioactive waste Explain the need for proper handling of radioactive substances and radioactive waste.

Student will be able to : Read articles, view videos and discuss the following: a. Chernobyl nuclear disaster and other nuclear disasters, b. handling of radioactive substances and radioactive waste. Make a small group and discuss the following: (i) the short term and long term effects of radioactive substances on living things, (ii) the need for proper handling of

Student will be able to: Appreciate the environment and nature.

high density concrete chambers. Low-level wastes are generated from hospitals, laboratories and industries. Intermediate-level wastes contain higher amounts of radioactivity and require special shielding. High-level wastes include the highlyradioactive fission product and some heavy elements with long lived radioactivity.

4. Has a long term effect on the environment.

radioactive substances and radioactive waste. Debate on the need to have nuclear power stations.