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Statistics 1060 - Midterm Exam Solutions

Date: Thursday, March 3, 2011 Time: 6:30 - 8:00 pm This midterm exam is worth a total of 50 points. The number of points allocated to each portion of a problem is indicated in the left margin. The exam is closed book, but you may refer to one 8.5x11 in. sheet of notes (double sided), and you may use a calculator. For full credit, show all your work. 1. Consider the following data values: 1.5, 6.5, 3.0, 6.2, 7.0, 6.3, 3.1, 4.3, 3.7, 8.9 (2) (a) What is the mean of these data? x= (2) xi /n = (1.5 + 6.5 + 3.0 + 6.2 + 7.0 + 6.3 + 3.1 + 4.3 + 3.7 + 8.9) = 5.05 10

(b) What is their standard deviation? s=

i (xi

x)2 ) = n1

46.605 = 2.276 9

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(c) What proportion of these data values lie more than one standard deviation from the mean? up = x + s = 5.05 + 2.276 = 7.326 ; lo = x s = 5.05 2.276 = 2.774

Sorted Data:

lo up 1.5 | 3.0 3.1 3.7 4.3 6.2 6.3 6.5 7.0 | 8.9 2/10 = 0.20

2. Left arm lengths were measured, to the nearest centimeter, on 16 students selected at random from the Dalhousie student body. The results of these measurements are shown below. 42, 56, 57, 51, 67, 43, 71, 84, 67, 71, 82, 65, 79, 80, 99, 56 (2) (a) What is the median of these data. Sorted Data: 42 43 51 56 56 57 65 67 | 67 71 71 79 80 82 84 99 Even : n/2 = 8 ; n/2 + 1 = 9 ; M edian = (67 + 67)/2 = 67

2 (2) (b) Find the rst quartile, Q1, of these data. Sorted Data: 42 43 51 56 | 56 57 65 67 Even : n/2 = 4 ; n/2 + 1 = 5 Q1 = (56 + 56)/2 = 56 (2) (c) What is the interquartile range, IQR, of these data? Sorted Data: 67 71 71 79 | 80 82 84 99 Even : n/2 = 4 ; n/2 + 1 = 5 Q3 = (79 + 80)/2 = 79.5 IQR = Q3 Q1 = 79.5 56 = 23.5 (3) (d) Are there any outliers? If so, what are their values. LE < Q1 1.5 IQR = 56 1.5(23.5) = 20.75 HE > Q3 + 1.5 IQR = 79.5 + 1.5(23.5) = 114.75 Sorted Data: 42 43 51 56 56 57 65 67 67 71 71 79 80 82 84 99 - NO OUTLIERS (5) (e) Sketch a modied boxplot of the above data. Show values for all ve numbers of the ve number summary. -------------------------------I + I----------------------------------------|-----------|--------|----------|----------------+-42 56 67 79.5 99 Min Q1 Median Q3 Max 3. Ten STAT 1060 student names beginning with M are listed as follows: Margaret(0) Maria(1) Megan(5) Melanie(6) Mariam(2) Matthew(3) Maya(4) Melissa(7) Michael(8) Mitchell(9)

Note: Many other correct numbering schemes possible. Row 1 96299 2 71622 3 03272 4 46376 Table 98642 81807 81739 14365 of Random Digits 20639 23185 56282 59225 18192 08710 74797 70406 18564 63685 56555 42974

07196 35940 41230 58596

69929 80777 69273 72944

14125 84395 72532 96463

38872 69563 78340 63533

94168 86280 36699 24152

3 Using the Table of Random Digits provided above, select a random sample (without replacement) of 5 names from the above list of 10 names. Begin with the second row of the Table of Random Digits. 7 1 6 2 2 7 1 6 2 3 Melissa Maria Melanie Mariam Matthew 3 5 9 4 0 81807 59225 ...

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4. Biologists and ecologists record the distributions of measurements made on animal species to help study their distribution and evolution. A study in Cameroon found that the wing length of the male African Finch Pyrenestes ostrinus varies according to a normal distribution with a mean of 62 mm and a standard deviation of 2 mm. (2) (a) What proportion of male nches have wings longer than 65 mm? 65 62 ) = P (Z > 1.5) = P (Z < 1.5) .067 2

P (X > 65) = P (Z > (2)

(b) For what wing length do only 2% of male nches exceed that length? Looking for the 98th percentile of N (62, 2) which is (98th percentile of N(0,1))(2)+62 2.05(2) + 62 = 66.1 (c) Suppose that 16 male nches are sampled, and the average wing length is calculated.

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i. What is the mean of the average wing length? A. the average is (sum of 16 wing lengths)/16 B. the mean of the sum of 16 wing lengths is the sum of the 16 means, each of which is 62, so 16(62) C. the mean of the average is the mean of the sum, divided by 16, so 16(62)/16 = 16 ii. What is the variance of the average wing length? A. average wing length is sum of the wing lengths/16 B. variance of the sum is the sum of the variances, so 16(22 ) = 64 1 C. variance of the average is variance of the sum times 162 , so 64/256, or 1/4 (d) Suppose that two male nches are sampled. Let X denote the wing length of the rst nch, and Y the wing length of the second nch.

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i. What is the mean of X Y ? The mean of the dierence is the dierence of the means, so 62-62=0

4 (1) ii. What is the standard deviation of X Y ? A. The variance of the dierence is the sum of the variances, so the variance of X Y is 22 + 22 = 8. B. the standard deviation is the square root of the variance, so 8 2.83. iii. What is the probability that the wing length of the rst nch is at least 4 mm greater than the wing length of the second nch? (Hint: X Y has a normal distribution.) A. P (X > Y + 4) = P (X Y > 4) B. X Y is normally distributed, with mean 0 and standard deviation 2.83 (from the rst two parts of the question). Standardize to get 40 ) P (Z > 1.41) = P (Z < 1.41) = .079 2.83

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P (XY > 4) = P (Z > (1)

(e) Find mean wing length of a nch when measured in inches? (Note: there are 25.4 mm in 1 inch) 62 = 24.41 inches 2.54 (f) What is the standard deviation of wing lengths when measured in inches? 2 .79 inches 2.54 5. A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution: x P(X = x ) -4 .2 .1 -3 0 .4 3 .1 4 .2

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(a) What is the mean of the random variable X? (4)(.2) + (3)(.1) + (0)(.4) + (3)(.1) + (4)(.2) = 0

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(b) What is the standard deviation of the random variable X? The variance is (4 0)2 (.2) + (3 0)2 (.1) + 0)2 (.4) + (3 0)2 (.1) + (0 2 (4 0) (.2) = 8.2, so the standard deviation is 8.2 2.86. (c) What is the probability that X < 0 or X > 3? P (X = 4) + P (X = 3) + P (X = 4) = .2 + .1 + .2 = .5

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5 6. A marketing study reported that 20% of Canadian shoppers have their Christmas shopping completed by December 13. It was also reported that given their Christmas shopping was nished by December 13, 70% had also sent Christmas cards by December 13. Overall, 40% had sent Christmas cards by December 13. A Canadian shopper is chosen at random. (a) What is the probability that the shopper has completed their Christmas shopping and has sent Christmas cards by December 13? i. Let A={has sent cards} and B={has nished shopping} ii. From the statement of the problem P (A) = .4, P (B) = .2 and P (A|B) = .7. P (A and B) = P (A|B)P (B) = .7(.2) = .14 (2) (b) What is the probability that the shopper has sent Christmas cards or completed their shopping by December 13? P (A or B) = P (A) + P (B) P (A and B) = .4 + .2 .14 = .46 (c) What is the probability that the shopper has neither sent their Christmas cards nor nished their shopping by December 13? the event of interest is the complement of {A or B}, so the probability is (1 .46) = .54. (d) What is the probability that that the shopper either completed their Christmas cards or nshed their Christmas shopping by December 13, but not both? The event of interest is {A or B} minus the overlap {A and B}, so the probability is P (A or B) P (A and B) = .46 .14 = .32 (1) (1) (e) Are the two events nished Christmas shopping by December 13 and sent Christmas cards by December13 independent? (Yes or No) No, for example, because P (A|B) = P (A). (f) What is the probability that a Canadian shopper has completed their shopping given that they have sent their Christmas cards? P (B|A) = .14 P (A and B) = = .35 P (B) .4

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