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ENGINEERING DESIGN OF HYDRO ELCTRIC MBABAZI POWER PLANT MOSES

CWB091006 M. Sc. [Engg.] in Electronic System Design

ABSRACT
Application principles of engineering design and procedures for the operation of hydroelectric power in generation ,transmission and distribution systems. The contents include principles of power systems, Generation , transmission, cabling systems, electrical equipment, power system protection and operational procedures.

INTRODUCTION OF HYDROELECTRICfrom water at Hydroelectric power comes POWER

work, water in motion it is the energy from water sources such as the ocean, rivers and waterfalls. Hydropower is one of the most costeffective and reliable energy technologies to be considered for providing clean electricity. The first hydroelectric power opens in Wisconsin 1883 and the electric transformer was invented in by THOMAS EDISON in 1884 then William sternly develops transformer and Alternating current for electric systems.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 PRINCIPLES OF POWER SYSTEMS 1-1 1.1 Typical Power Network............................................................... ......... 1.2 Electric Power Generation.......................................................... ........ 1.3 Types of turbines...............................................................

CHAPTER 1. PRINCIPLES OF POWER SYSTEMS. TYPICAL POWER NETWORK


An understanding of basic design principles is essential in the operation of electric power systems. This chapter briefly describes and defines electric power generation, transmission, and distribution systems (primary and secondary).

Typical electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution system a show below.

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION


A generator is a machine that transforms mechanical energy into electric power. prime Movers. __ The prime movers used for utility power generation are predominantly steam turbines and internal-combustion machines. High-pressure/high-temperature and high-speed (1800 to 3600 rotational speed (rpm)) steam turbines are used primarily in large industrial and utility power generating stations.

Since the late 1980s, the combined impact of the liberalisation of electricity markets, technological Head and Flow ___Hydraulic power can be captured wherever a flow of waterfalls from a higher level to a lower level. Flow Rate of water Q, and a Head H. It is generally better to have more head than more flow, The Gross Head (H) is the maximum available vertical fall in the water, from the upstream level to the downstream level. The actual head seen by a turbine

Electric Power Generation


Generating Power __In nature, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but its form can change. In generating electricity, no new energy is created. __Actually one form of energy is converted to another form. To generate electricity, water must be in motion. This is kinetic (moving) energy. When flowing water turns blades in a turbine, the form is changed to mechanical (machine) energy. __ Hydroelectric power plants, hydropower is generated. Some power plants are located on rivers, streams, and canals, but

The dam creates a Ahead@ or height from which water flows. A pipe (penstock) carries the water from the reservoir to the turbine. ___The fast-moving water pushes the turbine blades, something like a pinwheel in the wind the waters force on the turbine blades turns the rotor, the moving part of the electric generator. ___When coils of wire on the rotor sweep past the generator=s stationary coil (stator), electricity is produced. __This concept was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831 when he found that electricity could be generated by rotating magnets within copper coils

Impulse Turbines

There are various types of impulse turbine Pelton Turbine consists of a wheel with a series of split buckets set around its rim; a high velocity jet of water is directed tangentially at the wheel. __The jet hits each bucket and is split in half, so that each half is turned and deflected back almost through 180. __The power output of a

Turgo turbine is similar to the Pelton but the jet strikes the plane of the runner at an angle (typically 20) so that the ___ Crossflow water enters turbine has a the runner on one side and drum-like rotor exits on the with a solid other. disk at each

end and gutter-shaped slats joining

An Interconnected Electricity Electricity generating System FROM POWER industry tended towards GENERATION large-scale generation
plants and grid networks, state or private monopoly control, and the vertical integration of generation, transmission, distribution and supply functions. __The transmission network transports

TRANSMISSION TRANSFORMERS
Transformer Impedance. __ The turns ratio of a-two-winding transformer determines the ratio between primary and secondary terminal voltages. __ This internal impedance consists of two components: (a) A reactance

The Delta-Wye connection is shown in Figure . The wye secondary with external neutral bushing provides a convenient neutral point for . Wye-Delta. establishing a

__ system ground, Wye-Delta connections are generally used for large-ratio stepdown transformers.

Delta-Delta. __ The Delta-Delta connection is also seldom used. It is used on Naval ships to enhance damage control.

Six-Phase Star. ___A phase to __The six-phase star ground fault will be connection provides means detected but does not for converting three-phase to six-phase transformations trip breakers because and is used in many rectifier there is minimal fault and thyristor circuits where current .Its very goodis a path for DC current flow required. for expansion The characteristic angle of a six-phase system is 60

ALTERNATING CURRENT POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM


The Transmission Grid ___ The transmission system is the bulk power transfer system between the power generation station and the distribution center from which power is carried to customer delivery point ___The electrical

___Step-up and step-down transformers at the generating and distribution stations, respectively used. ___ Standard nominal transmission system voltages are: 69 kV, 115 kV, 138 kV, 161 kV and 230 kV. Some transmission voltages,however, may be at 23 kV to 69 kV, levels normally categorized as primary distribution system ___ There are also a few transmission networks operating in the extra-high-voltage class (345 kV to 765 kV). Transmission Lines.

Two High Voltage Double-Circuit Transmission Structures

Close-up of a

Double-Circuit Transmission Structure r

Different Transmission Structures


Different transmission structures have different material and construction costs, and require different right of-way widths, distances between structures (span length), and pole height. __These issues also vary with different voltages. __ In the past, many

A Typical Right-of-Way

Primary Distribution Systems

Secondary Distribution Systems

POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION AND COORDINATION Protection.


Abnormal conditions that may occur with rotating equipment include the following:

Brown, David R. and Hamilton III, E.P. Electromechanical Energy Conversion,

References

Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, NY Electrical Transmission and Distribution Reference Book, Westinghouse Electric Corp., East Pittsburgh, PA Edwards, K.R. and Gebert, K.L. Transformers, Second Edition, American Technical Society, Chicago, IL

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