1 Measurement

SoftwareMetrics Software Metrics
Friday,July15,2011
Prof.R.Charanya,AssistantProfessor,SITE, VITUniversity
Objective
Overviewofsoftwaremetrics Overview of software metrics Thebasicsofmeasurement Frameworkofsoftwaremeasurement k f f EmpiricalInvestigation
Friday,July15,2011
Content
What is measurement Whatismeasurement Whatarethesoftwaremetrics? S Scopeofsoftwareengineeringmetrics:a f f i i i chronologicalreview.
Friday,July15,2011
WhatisMeasurement What is Measurement

Measurement is the process by which numbers Measurementistheprocessbywhichnumbers orsymbolsareassignedtoattributesofentities intherealworld insuchawayastodescribe y themaccordingtoclearlydefinedrules entity:object(person or room) entity: object(personorroom) Event Journeyortestingphaseofasoftware project) Attribute propertyofanentity(colorofroom, costofjourney) cost of journey)
Friday,July15,2011 Prof.R.Charanya,AssistantProfessor,SITE, VITUniversity
MeasurementDefined Measurement Defined

Entity: Attribute:
Features & Properties
Mapping:
Numbers & Symbols
MeasurementExample Meas rement E ample

8 7 6 5 4 3 2
color of marbles (attribute) of (entity)
mapping is the measurement
numerical representation of the attribute color

MeasurementinEverydayLife Measurement in Everyday Life

It helps us to understand our world interact Ithelpsustounderstandourworld,interact withoursurroundingsandimproveourlives.
Economic indicators determine prices pay raises Economicindicatorsdetermineprices,payraises Medicalsystemdiagnosespecificillness Atmosphere weather prediction Atmosphereweatherprediction Journeycalculatedistance,speed
Friday,July15,2011
MeasurementinEverydayLife Measurement in Everyday Life

Howdoweusemeasurementinourlives?
Inashop,priceisameasure ofthevalueofanitem, andwecalculatethebill tomakesurewegetthe correctchange. g Heightandsizemeasurements ensureclothingwillfit correctly. Wh t Whentraveling,wecalculatedistance,choosearoute, li l l t di t h t measurespeed,andpredictwhenwellarrive
Measurementhelpsusto: p
Understandourworld Interactwithoursurroundings Improveourlives l
Some aspect descriptor allows us to compare Someaspectdescriptorallowsustocompare itwithothers(calculationaredonewithsetof rules) Price=oneitemwithother Di Distance=distancetraveltodistanceremaining di l di i i
Friday,July15,2011
QuestionsthatareDifficulttoAnswer Questions that are Difficult to Answer

In a room with blue walls is blue ameasure Inaroomwithbluewallsis blue a measure ofthecoloroftheroom?. Height of the person is measurable but Heightofthepersonismeasurablebut intelligence?
Friday,July15,2011
MeasurementinEverydayLife y y
MakingThingsMeasurable
Whatisnotmeasurable,makemeasurable(Galileo Galilei)
Oneaimofscienceistofindwaysofmeasuringattributesof thingswereinterestedin. Meas rement makes concepts more isible therefore more Measurementmakesconceptsmorevisible,thereforemore understandableandcontrollable. Attributespreviouslythoughttobeunmeasurable nowform basisfordecisionsaffectingourlives(e.g.,airquality,inflation index).
Measuringtheunmeasurableimprovesunderstanding ofparticularentities,attributes
A Actofproposingaparticularmeasurecanopendiscussion f i i l di i thatwillleadtogreaterunderstanding Makingnewmeasurementmayrequiringmodifying p ( g, g , g p environment orpractices(e.g.,usinganewtool,addingastep inaprocess)
MakingThingsMeasurable Making Things Measurable

Measurement:direct quantifiation.egheight Measurement: directquantifiation.eg height ofthetree Calculation: indirect, quantification. Calculation: indirect,quantification. egcityinspectorsassignavaluationtoa house.factors numberofrooms,overallfloor house. factorsnumber of rooms , overall floor space. Two kinds of quantification: Twokindsofquantification:
Measurement Calculation
MeasurementinSoftwareEngineering Measurement in Software Engineering

whymeasurementinsoftwareengineering. y g g SEactivitiesincludemanaging,costing,planning, modeling,analyzing,specifying,designing, implementing,testingandmaintaining. implementing testing and maintaining Engineeringapproacheachactivityisunderstood andcontrolled. and controlled. CSprovidesthetheoreticalfoundationfor buildingsoftware. SEfocusesonimplementingthesoftwareina controlledandscientificway.
ImportanceofSE Importance of SE
Used in Usedin
oven, bankingtransaction g Airtrafficcontrol Sophisticatedpowerplants p p p Weapons Qualityoflifedependsonsoftware Worsetoomanystoriesaboutsoftwarethatput livesandbusinessesatrisk.
MeasurementinotherEngineering Discipline l
EgDesigning electrical circuitstheories ohm Eg Designingelectricalcircuits theoriesohm law, describestherelationshipbetween resistance,currentandvoltage inthecircuit. Measuringthechangesinbehavior,measuring thecauseandeffect. Buildthecircuitwithspecificcurrentand resistance ,weknowvoltageisrequired Itsdifficulttoimagineelectrical,mechanical andcivilengineering withoutmeasurement
MeasurementinSE Measurement in SE
Before measurement project can be planned Beforemeasurementprojectcanbeplanned
Objectiveandscope shouldbeestablished Alternative solution should be considered Alternativesolution shouldbeconsidered Technicalandmanagementconstraints shouldbe identified
Thisinformationisrequiredtoestimatecosts, projecttasksandprojectschedule. project tasks and project schedule
Friday,July15,2011
ObjectivesforSoftwareMeasurement Objectives for Software Measurement

Measurement is not only useful but necessary Measurementisnotonlyusefulbutnecessary. Howcanyoutellifyourprojectishealthyif youhavenomeasuresofitshealth? you have no measures of its health? Someasurementisneededatleastor assessingthestatusofyourprojects,products, i h f j d processandresources. Measurementactionismotivatedbya particulargoal.
KindofInformationneedtoManager Kind of Information need to Manager

What does each process cost? Whatdoeseachprocesscost?
Elicitingrequirements,specifying,designing,coding andtesting. and testing
Friday,July15,2011
Productivityofstaff Productivity of staff

Howproductiveisthestaff? p Mangerfigureout,howproductivethestaffisateach activity.
Friday,July15,2011
Howgoodisthecodebringdeveloped? g g p Measuresoftwarequality,comparedifferentproducts, predicttheeffectofchanges.
Friday,July15,2011
Willtheuserbesatisfiedwiththeproduct? p Requirementrequestedhaveactuallybeen implementedproperly
Friday,July15,2011
Howcanbeimprove? p Comparetwodesignmethod toseewhichoneyields thehigherqualitycode.
Friday,July15,2011
Engineers
Aretherequirementtestable? Analyzeeachrequirementreliable Havewefoundallfaults? Measurethenumberoffaultsandfindtherootcauses Havewemetourproductorprocessgoal? Measurecharacteriticsofproductsandprocessmet standards(certification,egnomodulecontainmorethan100linesof ( , g code) Whatwillhappeninthefuture? Measuretheexistingandcurrentproductandpredictthefuture. g p p
Friday,July15,2011
MeasuringforUnderstanding,Control andImprovement d
Measure help us for following three activities Measurehelpusforfollowingthreeactivities
Understand whathappenduringdevelopment andmaintenance. and maintenance Control whathappenontheproject,predict whathappenandmakechangestomeetourgoal. what happen and make changes to meet our goal. BasedonthedesignqualityImprove theprocess andproduct. p
Friday,July15,2011
RoleofMeasurement Role of Measurement

Understand Control
Processes, Products & Services
Evaluate
Predict
TheScopeofSoftwareMetrics The Scope of Software Metrics

Costandeffortestimation Productivitymeasures Datacollection Qualitymodelsandmeasures Q lit d l d Reliabilitymodels Performanceevaluationandmodels Performance evaluation and models Structuralandcomplexitymetrics Capabilitymaturityassessment Managementbymetrics Evaluationofmethodsantools
Friday,July15,2011
1.CostandEffortEstimation 1.Cost and Effort Estimation

Manger role Mangerrole
Predicttheprojectcostandtime inplanningstage. Costestimationmodelslike COCOMO. Putnams. SLIMmodel. Effortismeasuredby Sizeoftheproduct,capabilityofdevelopers,levelofreuse Sizeidmeasuredby Size id measured by LinesofcodeorFunctionpoint
Friday,July15,2011
2.ProductivityModelsand Measures
Therateofoutputperunitofinput The rate of output per unit of input Productivity=size/effort Productivity=LOC/personmonth d i i OC/ h Productivity Value
Cost
Friday,July15,2011
Productivity
Productivity
Value Personnel Quality Quantity Time Reliability Defects Size Functionality Money HW
Cost
Resources
Complexity Env Cnstrst
Problem difficulty
SW
Friday,July15,2011
3.DataCollection 3.Data Collection

Qualityofmeasurementprogramdependentondatacollection. y p g p Datacollectionmustbeplannedandexecutedinacarefuland sensitivemanner. I Itsessentialforscientificinvestigationofrelationshipandtrends. i lf i ifi i i i f l i hi d d Egsoftwarefailuredatacollection Time of failure Timeoffailure Timeintervalbetweenfailures Cumalative failureuptoagiventime. Failureexperiencedinatimeinterval
Friday,July15,2011
4.QualityModelsandMeasures 4.Quality Models and Measures

Assessment of product quality speed of Assessmentofproductquality,speedof productionismeaningless. Quality combined with productivity Qualitycombinedwithproductivity. Measurethefactorintermsofdependent criteria i i
Egshirtmaterial
Friday,July15,2011
QualityModelsandMeasures
Upperbrancheshighlevelqualityquantify Lowerlevelstructurednessandtraceability y Qualityfactor
Use Factor Usability Product Operatio n Reliability Efficiency Reusability
Completeness
Criteria
Communicativeness Accuracy Consistency Device Efficiency Accessibility
Metrics
Structuredness Conciseness Device Independence
Product Revisio n
Maintainability M i t i bilit Portability Testability
Legibility Self-descriptiveness
Friday,July15,2011
Prof.R.Charanya,AssistantProfessor,SITE, Traceability VITUniversity
5.ReliabilityModels 5.Reliability Models

Most quality models include reliability as a Mostqualitymodelsincludereliabilityasa componentfactor. The most famous model are basic exponential Themostfamousmodelarebasicexponential modelandlogarithmicpoissonmodel.
E ExponentialmodelassumesFinitefailurein ti l d l Fi it f il i infinitetime Logarithmic Poisson Model infinite failure LogarithmicPoissonModelinfinitefailure
Friday,July15,2011
6.PerformanceEvaluationan Models
Performance is another aspect of quality isanotheraspectofquality. Responsetimeandcompletionrates. Efficiencyofalgorithm ffi i f l ih
Friday,July15,2011
7.StructuralandComplexity Metrics
Quality like reliability and maintainability Qualitylikereliabilityandmaintainability cannotbemeasureduntilcodeisavailable. We able to predict which part of software Weabletopredictwhichpartofsoftware systemlessreliable ,moredifficulttotest, evenbeforethesystemiscomplete. even before the system is complete Inadvancewetrytoestablish,predictive theoriestosupportqualityassurance,quality h i li li control,qualityprediction.
StructuralandcomplexityMetrics Structural and complexity Metrics

Complexity metric Complexitymetric
Cyclomaticcomplexity(McCabe1989)defining thenumberofindependentpath inexecutionof the number of independent path in execution of aprogram.
Friday,July15,2011
8.ManagementbyMetrics 8.Management by Metrics

Measurement is important in SPM MeasurementisimportantinSPM. Customeranddeveloperrelyon, measurementbasedchartsandgraphsto measurement based charts and graphs to decideIftheprojectisontrack. P j Projectcanbecomparedandcontrasted,by b d d d b standardsofmeasurementandtestingreport. CustomerisnotwellversedInsoftware terminology,someasurementcanpainta pictureofprogressingeneral,understandable terms
9.EvaluationofMethodsandTools 9.Evaluation of Methods and Tools

Many article and book describe new methods Manyarticleandbookdescribenewmethods andtools ,thatmakemoreproductiveand yourproductsbetterandcheaper. your products better and cheaper Manyorgperformexperiment ,runcase studiesoradministrativesurveytohelpthem studies or administrative survey to help them decide whetheramethodatoolismakea positivedifferenceinparticularsituation. positive difference in particular situation Successdependsongoodexperiemental
10.CapabilityMaturityAssessment 10.Capability Maturity Assessment

US Software Engineering Institute (SEI) model USSoftwareEngineeringInstitute(SEI)model (1989):CMMgradingusingfivelevelscalefor softwaredevelopmentandmaintenance. software development and maintenance Level1Initail L l2 R Level2Repeatable bl Level3Defined Level4Managed Level5 Level 5 optimizing

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1 Measurement

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SoftwareMetrics Software Metrics

WhatisMeasurement What is Measurement

MeasurementDefined Measurement Defined

MeasurementExample Meas rement E ample

color of marbles (attribute) of (entity)

mapping is the measurement

numerical representation of the attribute color

MeasurementinEverydayLife Measurement in Everyday Life

MeasurementinEverydayLife Measurement in Everyday Life

QuestionsthatareDifficulttoAnswer Questions that are Difficult to Answer

MakingThingsMeasurable Making Things Measurable

MeasurementinSoftwareEngineering Measurement in Software Engineering

Thisinformationisrequiredtoestimatecosts, projecttasksandprojectschedule. project tasks and project schedule

ObjectivesforSoftwareMeasurement Objectives for Software Measurement

KindofInformationneedtoManager Kind of Information need to Manager

Productivityofstaff Productivity of staff

Howgoodisthecodebringdeveloped? g g p Measuresoftwarequality,comparedifferentproducts, predicttheeffectofchanges.

Willtheuserbesatisfiedwiththeproduct? p Requirementrequestedhaveactuallybeen implementedproperly

Howcanbeimprove? p Comparetwodesignmethod toseewhichoneyields thehigherqualitycode.

RoleofMeasurement Role of Measurement

Processes, Products & Services

TheScopeofSoftwareMetrics The Scope of Software Metrics

1.CostandEffortEstimation 1.Cost and Effort Estimation

Complexity Env Cnstrst

3.DataCollection 3.Data Collection

4.QualityModelsandMeasures 4.Quality Models and Measures

Maintainability M i t i bilit Portability Testability

Prof.R.Charanya,AssistantProfessor,SITE, Traceability VITUniversity

5.ReliabilityModels 5.Reliability Models

StructuralandcomplexityMetrics Structural and complexity Metrics

8.ManagementbyMetrics 8.Management by Metrics

9.EvaluationofMethodsandTools 9.Evaluation of Methods and Tools

10.CapabilityMaturityAssessment 10.Capability Maturity Assessment

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