List 1 - Forming Nouns NOUN VERB absent act add agree anger arrive attend beautify begin behave

breathe brighten broaden brother busy child choose clean collect correct cruel dark deep describe die divide do draw enjoy enter explain fail fatten feed fool free befriend give gladden dry enjoyable busy ADJECTIVE absent active NOUN absence action addition agreement anger arrival attention badness beauty beginning behavior bravery breath brightness breadth brotherhood business childhood choice cleanliness collection correction cruelty darkness depth description death division deed drawing dryness enjoyment entrance explanation failure fatness food fitness foolishness freedom friendship gift gladness goodness greatness growth happiness

angry

bad beautiful

brave bright broad

fat fit foolish free friendly glad good great happy

friend

grow

hate heal

hateful high honest hungry imaginative instructive inventive

imagine instruct invent invite judge king know laugh laze lead lend like live lengthen lose madden marry member mix mother move multiply neighbor

kind

lazy

leader

long mad

man

hatred health height honesty hunger imagination instruction invention invitation judgement kindness kingdom, kingship knowledge laughter laziness leadership loan likeness life length loss madness manhood marriage membership mixture motherhood movement multiplication neighborhood newness obedience occupation permission pleasure poetry pride proof punishment readiness remembrance sadness safety scholarship sight sale

neighborly new abedient

obey occupy permit please poet prove punish ready remember sadden scholar see sell

pleasant poetic proud

ready

sad safe scholarly

sharpen sicken sit slow soften speak strengthen succeed sweeten teach tell thicken think tighten value warm weaken wed weigh widen

sharp sick slow soft strong successful sweet

thick thirsty tight TRUE valuable warm weak

wide wise young

sharpness sickness seat slowness softness speech strength success sweetness teaching tale thickness thought thirst tightness truth value warmth weakness wedding weight width wisdom youth

List 2 - Forming Adjectives NOUNS accident adventure anger beauty boy care caution centre child China circle comfort comic coward cruelty culture danger day disaster distance duty east Europe fact faith fame father fear fever fool fortune France friend fury girl glory god gold harm height hero hunger India

ADJECTIVES accidental adventurous angry beautiful boyish careful/careless cautious central childish/childlike Chinese circular comfortable comical cowardly cruel cultural dangerous daily disastrous distant dutiful, dutiable eastern European factual faithful famous fatherly fearful feverish foolish fortunate French friendly furious girlish glorious godly/godless golden harmful high heroic hungry Indian

NOUNS mountain music nation nature noise north parent peace person pity poison poverty pride quarrel responsibility science sense silk skill smoke sorrow south speed star stone storm strength success sun tail talent terror thirst thought thought topic tropic trouble truth value victory war water

ADJECTIVES mountainous musical national natural noisy northern parental peaceful personal pitiful poisonous poor proud quarrelsome responsible scientific sensible silky skilful smoky sorrowful southern speedy starry stony stormy strong successful sunny tailless talented terrible thirsty thoughtful thoughtless topical tropical troublesome truthful valuable victorious warlike watery

joy law length life love man mercy mine mischief

joyful lawful long live, lively lovely manly merciful my mischievous

wave west wind winter wisdom wood wool year youth

wavy western windy wintry wise wooden woollen yearly young/youthful

VERBS break break choose close collect construct continue continue correct describe destroy enjoy forget harm hate help hope hurt ADJECTIVES big clean comic correct

ADJECTIVES breakable broken choosy close collective constructive continuous continual corrective descriptive destructive enjoyable forgetful harmful hateful helpful hopeful hurtful ADJECTIVES biggish cleanly comical corrective

VERBS imagine instruct love need obey play please prevent prosper quarrel run speak steal study talk think work write ADJECTIVES elder good red sick

ADJECTIVES imaginary instructive lovable needful, needy obedient playful pleasant preventive prosperous quarrelsome running spoken stolen studious talkative thoughtful workable written ADJECTIVES elderly goodly reddish sickly

List 3 - Forming Verbs ADJECTIVES broad clean

NOUNS

cloth courage dark deep equal fast fat fertile friend full glad government joy knee large less light long loose product pure quick rich sad safe sharp short sight slave smooth soft spark tight trial unity wide

VERBS broaden cleanse clothe encourage darken deepen equalize fasten fatten fertilize befriend fill gladden govern enjoy kneel enlarge lessen lighten lengthen loosen produce purify quicken enrich sadden save sharpen shorten see enslave smoothen soften sparkle tighten try unite widen

List 4 - Forming Adverbs from Adjectives ADJECTIVES abrupt absolute accidental active actual adamant additional affectionate angry annual anxious apparent appreciative apprehensive appropriate approving approximate apt ardent arduous arguable attentive audible awkward bad beautiful bitter boastful bold brave brief bright brutal busy calm careful careless casual cautious certain cheap cheerful clean

ADVERBS abruptly absolutely accidentally actively actually adamantly additionally affectionately angrily annually anxiously apparently appreciatively apprehensively appropriately approvingly approximately aptly ardently arduously arguably attentively audibly awkwardly badly beautifully bitterly boastfully boldly bravely briefly brightly brutally busily calmly carefully carelessly casually cautiously certainly cheaply cheerfully cleanly

ADJECTIVES lawful lazy light lone loud lucky mad main mannish magic mental merciful mere merry momentary monthly narrow natural near neat nebulous necessary needless nervous new nice nightly noisy obedient occasional open oppressive optimistic oral outward painful partial particular passionate patent patient peaceful perfect

clear clever close comfortable complete conclusive conscious constant continual continuous copious correct courteous crooked cruel cunning curious dangerous daring dear deep definite deliberate delightful dim dirty double dull eager easy economic efficient enjoyable enormous entire essential eternal ethical ethnic etymological euphemistic evasive even eventual evident exorbitant extreme

clearly cleverly closely comfortably completely conclusively consciously constantly continually continuously copiously correctly courteously crookedly cruelly cunningly curiously dangerously daringly dearly deeply definitely deliberately delightfully dimly dirtily doubly dully eagerly easily economically efficiently enjoyably enormously entirely essentially eternally ethically ethnically etymologically euphemistically evasively evenly eventually evidently exorbitantly extremely

permanent personal pessimistic physical pious playful pleasant polite poor popular possible posthumous pretty previous primary private probable problematic promiscuous proper proud punctual pure puritanical purposeless quick quiet rapid rare rational ready real recent regular ridiculous rough rude sad safe satisfactory savage secret seeming sentimental separate serene serial

faithful fastidious fatal fearful fierce final financial first foolish forgetful fortunate free frequent friendly frightful full general generous gentle gentleman genuine glad graceful gradual grim grudging gruelling gruesome half-yearly haphazard happy hard harsh hasty hateful heavy helpful helpless high holistic honest honourable hopeful horrible hourly hungry hypothetical

faithfully fastidiously fatally fearfully fiercely finally financially firstly foolishly forgetfully fortunately freely frequently friendily frightfully fully generally generously gently gentlemanly genuinely gladly gracefully gradually grimly grudgingly gruellingly gruesomely half-yearly haphazardly happily hardly harshly hastily hatefully heavily helpfully helplessly highly holistically honestly honourably hopefully horribly hourly hungrily hypothetically

serious severe shaky shameful shameless sheepish shy significant silent simple sincere single-handed skilful sleepy slight slow soft sole sound special steadfast steady stealthy strange strong stupid subtle successful sudden sure surprising sweet swift tactical tactless terrible terrifying terse thankful thorough thoughtful thoughtless total tremendous tremulous TRUE truthful

hysterical immaculate immediate impatient individual inescapable inestimable inevitable inexorable infallible instant instantaneous instinctive jealous joint joyful justifiable keen kind knowing knowledgeable last late

hysterically immaculately immediately impatiently individually inescapably inestimably inevitably inexorably infallibly instantly instantaneously instinctively jealously jointly joyfully justifiably keenly kindly knowingly knowledgeably lastly lately

unacceptable unarguable understandable undoubted unexpected untruthful unusual urbane urgent usual vast verbal veritable weary weekly whole-hearted wide wild willing wise wrong yearly youthful

ADVERBS lawfully lazily lightly lonely loudly luckily madly mainly mannishly magically mentally mercifully merely merrily momentarily monthly narrowly naturally nearly neatly nebulously necessarily needlessly nervously newly nicely nightly noisily obediently occasionally openly oppressively optimistically orally outwardly painfully partially particularly passionately patently patiently peacefully perfectly

permanently personally pessimistically physically piously playfully pleasantly politely poorly popularly possibly posthumously prettily previously primarily privately probably problematically promiscuously properly proudly punctually purely puritanically purposelessly quickly quietly rapidly rarely rationally readily really recently regularly ridiculously roughly rudely sadly safely satisfactorily savagely secretly seemingly sentimentally separately serenely serially

seriously severely shakily shamefully shamelessly sheepishly shyly significantly silently simply sincerely single-handedly skillfully sleepily slightly slowly softly solely soundly specially steadfastly steadily stealthily strangely strongly stupidly subtly successfully suddenly surely surprisingly sweetly swiftly tactically tactlessly terribly terrifyingly tersely thankfully thorougly thoughtfully thoughtlessly totally tremendously tremulously truly truthfully

unacceptably unarguably understandably undoubtedly unexpectedly untruthfully unusually urbanely urgently usually vastly verbally veritably wearily weekly whole-heartedly widely wildly willingly wisely wrongly yearly youthfully

List 5 - Collective Nouns PEOPLE an army of soldiers a bevy of beauties/girls a band of musicians a band of robbers a board of directors a body of men a bunch of crooks a caravan of gypsies a choir of singers a class of pupils a class of students a company of actors a company of soldiers a congregation of worshippers a crew of sailors a crowd of spectators a crowd of people a dynasty of kings a galaxy of beautiful women a galaxy of film stars a gang of crooks a gang of thieves a group of dancers a group of singers a horde of savages a host of angels a line of kings/rulers a mob of rioters a pack of rascals a pack of thieves a party of friends a patrol of policemen a posse of policemen a regiment of soldiers a staff of employees a staff of servants a staff of teachers a team of players a tribe of natives a troop of scouts a troupe of artistes a troupe of dancers

a gang of labourers a gang of prisoners a gang of robbers

a troupe of performers a party of friends

THINGS an album of autographs an album of photographs an album of stamps an anthology of poems an archipelago of islands a bale of cotton a bale of wool a basket of fruit a batch of bread a battery of guns a block of flats a book of exercises a book of notes a bouquet of flowers a bowl of rice a bunch of bananas a hail of bullets a hand of bananas (each a finger) a harvest of wheat/corn a heap of rubbish a heap of ruins a hedge of bushes a heap of stones a layer of soil/dirt a library of books a line of cars a list of names a mass of ruins/hair a necklace of pearls an outfit of clothes an orchard of fruit trees a pack of cards

a bunch of flowers a bunch of grapes a bunch of keys a bundle of rags/old clothes a bundle of firewood/sticks a bundle of hay a catalogue of prices/goods a chain of events a chain of mountains a chest of drawers a cloud of dust a clump of bushes a clump of trees a cluster of coconuts a cluster of diamonds a cluster of grapes a cluster of stars a clutch of eggs a collection of coins a collection of curiosities a collection of pictures a collection of relics a collection of stamps a column of smoke

a pack of lies a packet of cigarettes a packet of letters a pair of shoes a pencil of rays a quiver of arrows a range of hills a range of mountains a ream of paper a reel of thread/film a roll of film/cloth a rope of pearls a row of houses a series of events a set of china a set of clubs a set of tools a sheaf of arrows a sheaf of corn a sheaf of grain a sheaf of papers a sheaf of wheat a shower of blows a shower of rain

a comb of bananas a compendium of games a constellation of stars a cluster of diamonds a cluster of stars a clutch of eggs a crate of fruit a crop of apples a fall of rain a fall of snow a fleet of motor-cars/taxis a fleet of ships a flight of aeroplanes a flight of steps a forest of trees a galaxy of stars a garland of flowers a glossary of difficult words/phrases

a stack of arms a stack of corn a stack of hay a stack of timber a stack of wood a stock of goods a stock of wood a string of beads a string of pearls a suit of clothes a suite of furniture a suite of rooms a tuft of grass a tuft of hair a wad of currency/notes a wreath of flowers

a group of islands a grove of trees

CREATURES an army of ants a bevy of quail a brood/flock of chicks/chickens a catch of fish a cloud of flies a cloud of insects a cloud of locusts a colony of gulls a drove of cattle a drove of horses a flight of birds a flight of doves a flight of locusts a litter of kittens a litter of puppies a menagerie of wild animals a muster of peacocks a nest of ants a nest of mice a nest of rabbits a pack of hounds a pack of wolves a plague of insects a plague of locusts a pride of lions a school of herrings/other small fish

a flight of swallows a flock of birds a flock of geese a flock of sheep a flock of chickens a gaggle of geese a haul of fish a herd of buffaloes

a school of porpoises a school of whales a shoal of fish a skein of wild geese in flight a string of horses a stud of horses a swarm of ants a swarm of bees

a herd of cattle a herd of deer a herd of elephants a herd of goats a herd of swine a hive of bees a host of sparrows a kindle of kittens a litter of cubs a litter of piglets

a swarm of insects a swarm of locusts a team of horses a team of oxen a train of camels a tribe of goats a troop of lions a troop of monkeys a zoo of wild animals

List 6 - Gender PEOPLE MASCULINE actor author bachelor boy Boy Scout brave bridegroom brother conductor count czar dad daddy duke emperor father father-in-law fiance gentleman giant god FEMININE actress authoress spinster girl Girl Guide Squaw bride sister conductress countess czarina mum mummy duchess empress mother mother-in-law fiancee lady giantess goddess

governor grandfather headmaster heir hero host hunter husband king lad landlord lord man manager manservant master mayor milkman millionaire monitor monk Mr. murderer

matron grandmother headmistress heiress heroine hostess huntress wife queen lass landlady lady woman manageress maidservant mistress mayoress milkmaid millionairess monitress nun Mrs. murderess

negro nephew papa poet policeman postman postmaster priest prince prophet proprietor protector shepherd sir son son-in-law step-father step-son steward sultan tailor uncle waiter washerman

negress niece mama poetess policewoman postwoman postmistress prietess princess prophetess proprietress protectress shepherdess madam daughter daughter-in-law step-mother step-daughter stewardess sultana tailoress aunt waitress washerwoman

widower wizard

widow witch

CREATURES MASCULINE billy-goat boar (pig) buck (deer, hare) buck-rabbit bull bull-elephant bull-seal bullock bull-seal bull-whale cob (swan) cock (rooster) cockerel cock-pigeon cock-sparrow colt (young horse) FEMININE nanny-goat sow doe doe-rabbit cow cow-elephant cow-seal heifer cow-seal cow-whale pen hen pullet hen-pigeon hen-sparrow filly

dog drake drone eagle fox gander hawk he-bear he-goat he-wolf jack-ass leopard lion peacock ram (sheep) stag stallion tiger tom-cat turkey-cock wolf

bitch duck bee eagle vixen goose bowess she-bear she-goat she-wolf jenny-ass, she-ass leopardess lioness peahen ewe hind mare tigress tabby-cat turkey-hen she-wolf

List 7 - Forms of the Verb PRESENT TENSE arise awake be bear beat become begin bend bet bid bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build burn burst buy cast catch choose cling come cost creep cut deal dig dive do draw dream drink drive dwell eat fall feed

PRESENT PARTICIPLE arising awaking being bearing beating becoming beginning bending betting bidding binding biting bleeding blowing breaking breeding bringing broadcasting building burning bursting buying casting catching choosing clinging coming costing creeping cutting dealing digging diving doing drawing dreaming drinking driving dwelling eating falling feeding

PAST TENSE arose awoke was/were bore beat became began bent bet bid, bade bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built burned, burnt burst bought cast caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug dived, dove did drew dreamed, dreamt drank drove dwelt ate fell fed

PAST PARTICIPLE arisen awoken been born, borne beaten become begun bent bet bid, bade bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built burned, burnt burst bought cast caught chosen clung come cost crept cut dealt dug dived done drawn dreamed, dreamt drunk driven dwelt eaten fallen fed

feel fight find fit flee fling flow fly forbid forecast forget forgive forego, forgo forsake freeze get give go grab grind grow hang hang (kill) have hear hide hit hold hurt keep kneel knit know lay lead lean leap learn leave lend let lie light lose make mean

feeling fighting finding fitting fleeing flinging flowing flying forbidding forecasting forgetting forgiving forgoing forsaking freezing getting giving going grabbing grinding growing hanging hanging having hearing hiding hitting holding hurting keeping kneeling knitting knowing laying leading leaning leaping learning leaving lending letting lying lighting losing making meaning

felt fought found fitted, fit fled flung flowed flew forbade forecast, forecasted forgot forgave forewent forsook froze got gave went grabbed ground grew hung hanged had heard hid hit held hurt kept knelt knitted knew laid led leaned, leant leapt learned, learnt left lent let lay lighted, lit lost made meant

felt fought found fit fled flung flowed flown forbidden forecast, forecasted forgotten forgiven foregone forsaken frozen got given gone grabbed ground grown hung hanged had heard hidden hit held hurt kept knelt knitted known laid led lean, leant leapt learned, learnt left lent let lain lighted, lit lost made meant

meet misspell mistake mow overcome overdo overtake overthrow pay plead prove put quit read rid ride ring rise run saw say see seek sell send set sew shake shave shear shed shine shoe shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep slay slide sling slit smell

meeting misspelling mistaking mowing overcoming overdoing overtaking overthrowing paying pleading proving putting quitting reading ridding riding ringing rising running sawing saying seeing seeking selling sending setting sewing shaking shaving shearing shedding shining shoeing shooting showing shrinking shutting singing sinking sitting sleeping slaying sliding slinging slitting smelling

met misspelled, misspelt mistook mowed overcame overdid overtook overthrew paid pleaded, pled proved put quit, quitted read rid, ridded rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook shaved sheared shed shone shod shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept slew slid slung slit smelled, smelt

met misspelled, misspelt mistaken mowed, mown overcome overdone overtaken overthrown paid pleaded, pled proved, proven put quit, quitted read rid ridden rung risen run sawn said seen sought sold sent set sewed/sewn shaken shaved, shaven sheared, shorn shed shone shod shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept slain slid slung slit smelled, smelt

smite sow speak speed spell spend spill spin spit split spoil spread spring stand steal stick sting stink stride strike string strive swear sweep swell swim swing take teach tear tell think thrive throw thrust tread understand uphold upset wake wear weave wed weep win wind withhold

smitting sowing speaking speeding spelling spending spilling spinning spitting splitting spoiling spreading springing standing stealing sticking stinging stinking striding striking stringing striving swearing sweeping swelling swimming swinging taking teaching tearing telling thinking thriving throwing thrusting treading understanding upholding upsetting waking wearing weaving wedding weeping winning winding withholding

smote sowed spoke speeded, sped spelled, spelt spent spilled, spilt spun spat split spoiled, spoilt spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stank strode struck strung strove swore swept swelled swam swung took taught tore told thought thrived, throve threw thrust trod understood upheld upset woke wore wove wed, wedded wept won wound withheld

smitten Sown spoken speeded, sped spelled, spelt spent spilled, spilt spun spat split spoiled, spoilt spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk stridden struck strung striven sworn swept swollen swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrived thrown thrust trodden understood upheld upset woken, waked worn woven wed, wedded wept won wound withheld

withstand wring write

withstanding wringing writing

withstood wrung wrote

withstood wrung written

PRESENT TENSE add advise agree allow appear arrange arrive behave breathe care carry cause change close compare complete continue copy cry dance die divide drop escape fit hand hang (person) hope hurry join jump laugh live marry reply show stop

PRESENT PARTICIPLE adding advising agreeing allowing appearing arranging arriving behaving breathing caring carrying causing changing closing comparing completing continuing copying crying dancing dying dividing dropping escaping fitting handing hanging hoping hurrying joining jumping laughing living marrying replying showing stopping

PAST TENSE added advised agreed allowed appeared arranged arrived behaved breathed cared carried caused changed closed compared completed continued copied cried danced died divided dropped escaped fitted handed hanged hoped hurried joined jumped laughed lived married replied showed stopped

PAST PARTICIPLE added advised agreed allowed appeared arranged arrived behaved breathed cared carried caused changed closed compared completed continued copied cried danced died divided dropped escaped fitted handed hanged hoped hurried joined jumped laughed lived married replied showed stopped

study talk tie try use wait

studying talking tying trying using waiting

studied talked tied tried used waited

studied talked tied tried used waited

PRESENT TENSE burst cost cut hit hurt let put read set shut split spread

PRESENT PARTICIPLE bursting costing cutting hitting hurting letting putting reading setting shutting splitting spreading

PAST TENSE burst cost cut hit hurt let put read set shut split spread

PAST PARTICIPLE burst cost cut hit hurt let put read set shut split spread

List 8 - Objects and Sounds OBJECTS aeroplanes/airplanes bells brakes bugles bullets canes chains clocks coins corks dishes doors drums feet fire glass guns heart hinges hoofs horns kettles leaves paper raindrops saws sirens steam streams telephones thunder trains trumpets watch water whips wind wings

SOUNDS zoom ring; peal Screech call ping swish clank; rattle tick; chime clink; jingle pop rattle; clatter bang; slam beat tramp; shuffle crackle tinkle boom throb; beat creak thunder toot; hoot sing rustle crinkle; rustle patter buzz wail hiss murmur buzz clap; peal; rumble rumble blare tick bubble; lap; drip crack; lash howl; sigh whir

List 9 - Antonyms above abroad absent absent accept active add admit adult alive all allow always arrive asleep back backwards bad barren beautiful before begin bent best better big black blameless bless blunt bold bold boss bravery break bridge bright broad busy buy capture catch cheap city

below home present present refuse passive subtract deny child dead none refuse never depart awake front forward good fertile ugly after end straight worst worse small white guilty curse sharp timid timid employee cowardice repair tunnel dull narrow idle sell release throw dear country

hill humble husband in include increase increase indifferent inner inside insult interested interesting joy junior kind kind knowledge lazy lead least leave lend level life liquid long loss loud love majority many masculine master mean miser modern most motorist mountain natural near never niece

clean clever cloudy clumsy coarse cold come comedy comfort common common contract cool coward cowardly create cry daily danger dark dawn day deep depth die difficult dim discourteous divide doctor drunk dry dwarf early east easy ebb empty enemy enjoy entrance evening ever everybody everywhere exit fact

dirty foolish clear graceful fine hot go tragedy disturb rare unusual expand warm hero bold destroy laugh nightly safety bright dusk night shallow height live easy bright polite multiply patient sober wet giant late west difficult flow full friend dislike exit morning never nobody nowhere entrance fiction

noise noisy normal north notice obey obtain often old omit open order overlook pardon part past peace plural polite polite poor powerful praise public public punish pupil purchase push question quick raw raw real right rise rough sad safe safe same separate several silly similar slim smile

failure fair famous fancy far fat fat few find finish first flatter foe foolish foreign forget found freeze fresh fresh friend full future generous give give graceful guilty guilty happy happy hard hard head heavy hell help here hide high

success dark unknown plain near thin skinny many lose start last insult friend wise local remember lost thaw stale stale enemy vacant past selfish receive take awkward innocent innocent sad sad easy soft tail light heaven hinder there show low

smile straight straight strange strong summer sweet sweet talk tall tame teach teacher these thick this tight tiny top TRUE trust truth under unusual up upset vacant vacant valuable victory villain war wide win wise within work wrong yes young

List 9 Antonyms (un-) arm unarm like

certain comfortable common conscious dress equal fair fold friendly happy healthy just kind known

uncertain uncomfortable uncommon unconscious undress unequal unfair unfold unfriendly unhappy unhealthy unjust unkind unknown

lock necessary popular safe screw seen selfish steady suitable tidy tie TRUE willing wise

List 9 Antonyms (dis-) agree allow appear arm arrange believe connect disagree disallow disappear disarm disarrange disbelieve disconnect continue honest like loyal obey order trust

List 9 Antonyms (in-) accurate active adequate admissible attentive correct inaccurate inactive inadequate inadmissible inattentive incorrect

List 9 Antonyms (im-) mature mobile moral mortal immature immobile immoral immortal

movable patient perfect polite possible probable proper pure

immovable impatient imperfect impolite impossible improbable improper impure

List 9 Antonyms (mis-) handle judge spell understand use mishandle misjudge misspell misunderstand misuse

List 9 Antonyms (-less) careful harmful helpful hopeful painful pitiful powerful shameful useful careless harmless helpless hopeless painless pitiless powerless shameless useless

valley proud wife out exclude decrease decrease interested outer outside praise bored dull sorrow senior cruel cruel ignorance industrious follow greatest arrive borrow steep death solid short gain soft hate minority few feminine servant kind spendthrift ancient least pedestrian valley artificial far always nephew

silence quiet abnormal south ignore command give seldom new include shut/close chaos notice punish whole future war singular rude rude rich weak blame private private reward teacher sell pull answer slow cooked cooked imaginary left fall smooth cheerful dangerous dangerous different join few serious different fat frown

frown crooked crooked familiar weak winter sour sour listen short wild learn student those thin that loose huge bottom FALSE doubt lie over ordinary down comfort occupied occupied worthless defeat hero peace narrow lose foolish without rest right no old

unlike

unlock unnecessary unpopular unsafe unscrew unseen unselfish unsteady unsuitable untidy untie untrue unwilling unwise

discontinue dishonest dislike disloyal disobey disorder distrust

LIST 10 SYNONYMS abduct abhor above abridge abroad abrogate abstain accord admit adversary affable aggravate agree air akin alive allocate allow also ameliorate amount annul answer appease arraign ask assembly assent attire avarice baby bad badger beg begin behaviour belief benevolent berate kidnap detest over shorten overseas cancel refrain agreement confess opponent friendly worsen consent discuss related lively distribute permit too improve quantity cancel response pacify indict Inquire, request gathering agree dress greed infant evil pester implore commence conduct opinion kind scold leery legacy legible licentious listen lithe little livid loathe lofty logo look loquacious lost loving loyal lucrative ludicrous luminous lure luster luxuriant macabre mad maelstrom magnitude malice margin meager mean messy middle misshapen moral morsel mundane name narrate near

big bilk blamed blank bliss bottom brave brawn bright broad brook bucolic build busy buy calamity canon capitulate careen careful careful castigate catastrophic catch caucus cavort cede celestial centre champion change cheat chide choose chubby circumspect clemency clergyman close clothes clout coagulate

large swindle accused empty happiness foot daring, bold strength shinning wide tolerate rustic construct active purchase disaster rule surrender swerve cautious cautious criticize disastrous capture meeting frolic Relinquish heavenly middle winner alter deceive scold select plump cautious forgiveness minister near dress influence thicken

nefarious negate negligible nepotism new noisy noted obey obstinate odyssey often old omen omnipotent omniscient oppress opulence oral orator outset outside ovation pacify paltry pandemic paranormal parcel part patent paucity peddle pen perhaps perilous perish persevere pertinent pick pious placate plentiful policeman

coddle coercion collusion commend commodity compulsory concise

pamper force conspiracy praise product obligatory brief

polite poor port portion praise prank pretty

concur confer conversant converse copy cordial correct courtesan covert crave culvert cunning cure curtail damp dangerous deadly dear dearth debilitate deceive decimate decipher decrease deduce deleterious delude demeanour demise demobilize demoralize denigrate denounce

agree bestow familiar opposite imitate friendly accurate prostitute secret desire drain sly remedy shorten moist risky fatal expensive scarcity weaken trick destroy decode reduce conclude harmful deceive behaviour death disband dishearten defame condemn

protect pull purloin push putrefy quack qualms quay queen queue quick quiet quill quip rare rarely rash read ready real reap rebuke receptacle reckless recollect rectify recur red reek regal rein rejoice relic

depart deplete deride desecrate desiccate despot destitute detain detrimental devise devout diabolical diffident discernible discreet disease disfigure dismal disorder dispatch disperse disseminate distend distract diversity divulge dodder dull dumb duress eatable ebb eccentric edifice efficacious egocentric electorate elucidate elude empty end enemy

leave exhaust ridicule profane dehydrate tyrant poor confine harmful plan pious devilish shy visible prudent sickness mar gloomy chaos send scatter distribute swell divert variety disclose tremble gloomy mute coercion edible recede odd, weird building effective self-centered voters explain evade vacant conclusion foe

remain remedial remember remnant remorse renown replenish retain revenue rich rift riot roam robust rostrum rough round rude rue rule ruse rustic sack sad safe saga sanction saturate savour scant scared scatter schism scion scorn sear secede seclusion seduce seldom semblance separate

enough ensnare enterprise entice entreat envoy ephemeral epoch equitable error escape exorbitant exorcise fable fall FALSE fantasy far feather feign fertile fidelity fierce fight filch find first fiscal flagellate float force foretell free friend friend funny furtive gain game gargantuan garrulous gather

sufficient trap, lure undertaking lure plead messenger short-lived era fair mistake elude expensive expel myth drop untrue, wrong daydream distant plume pretend fruitful loyalty ferocious battle steal discover initial monetary whip drift compel predict release companion, ally ally amusing stealthy profit recreation large talkative collect

serene sham sheen short shorten show shun sibling sick siege silent silly simple sinister site skeptical slay sleepy slim sloth smart smell smite snare snub sovereign specimen squalid squander static steed stern stick stifle stimulate stingy stop strange strife strive strong student

gay general genesis ghastly give glad glaring gnarl gory guest guffaw habit habituate hale hallucination hamper hapless harangue hard hate haven height help herald hew hide hideous high home hone horde hue hug huge humane hygienic hyperbole idiosyncrasy illicit illimitable illustrious imbibe

cheerful common beginning horrible donate happy dazzling deform bloody visitor laughter custom accustom healthy delusion obstruct unlucky tirade difficult detest refuge altitude assist harbinger cut conceal horrible tall residence sharpen group colour embrace enormous compassionate sanitary exaggeration peculiarity unlawful limitless famous drink

studious style subdue submit subside succulent superb surmount surprise surrender surround susceptible sustenance swamp taint talk talon tangible tarnish taut teach teacher tedious tempest tempo tempt tenet tepid terse tested thief thin thrive throng titillate titular toil top trail tranquilize transient transitory

imitate immaterial immense impale impasse impassive impeccable impede impending imperil implicate implore inculcate incursion indelible indigent indiscriminate indolent industrious inexorable infamous infamy infer infirmity influx infraction infuriate inhibit iniquitous initiate inkling innate innocuous innuendo inordinate inquisitive inscribe inside insignia insolvent instigate inter

copy irrelevant huge pierce deadlock calm faultless hinder imminent endanger incriminate entreat instill raid permanent poor random lazy hardworking relentless notorious shame conclude ailment inflow violation enrage restrain unjust begin hint inborn harmless insinuation excessive curious engrave interior emblems bankrupt incite bury

traverse trek trick trite trust try twain tyrannical ubiquitous ulterior unassuming uncanny under undermine underscore understand unduly unison usually utter vacant vacillate vain valiant value vanish vanquish vehement vendetta venom venue verbose verdict veto vex vicious victory vie vilify virile vital vocation

interesting intrepid intricate intrigue intrinsic inundate involve irate irrational jeer jest jocular join jostle judicious jump just kudos last lazy least leave

fascinating fearless complex plot inherent flood implicate angry illogical mock joke humorous connect push prudent leap fair acclaim final indolent minimum abandon

vogue volatile vulgarity vulnerable wager wages waive wallow want watch weak wet whet whole wither wonder woo wrath wrest writ yearly young

cautious bequest readable lewd hear supple small enraged abhor high symbol see talkative misplaced fond TRUE profitable absurd bright entice gloss lush gruesome insane whirlpool size spite edge scanty cruel untidy center deformed ethical piece ordinary title tell close

evil cancel insignificant favouritism unused, modern rowdy well-known submit stubborn journey frequently ancient sign all-powerful all-knowing persecute wealth verbal speaker beginning exterior applause appease scarce widespread supernatural package portion obvious scarcity sell write maybe dangerous die persist relevant choose devout appease abundant constable

courteous destitute harbour piece compliment joke beautiful, attractive guard drag steal thrust decay charlatan misgivings wharf empress line rapid peaceful feather joke scarce seldom hasty peruse alert genuine harvest reprimand container rash remember correct repeat ruddy smell royal curb celebrate antique

stay corrective recollect residue guilt fame refill keep income wealthy split revolt wander vigorous podium coarse circular impolite regret govern trick rural pillage unhappy secure story approval soak relish inadequate frightened disperse rift offspring disdain burn withdraw solitude lure rarely likeness sever

peaceful pretense luster brief abbreviate exhibit avoid brother/sister ill blockage quiet foolish easy evil location doubtful kill drowsy slender laziness intelligent scent strike trap ignore monarch sample filthy waste inactive horse strict adhere suppress excite miserly halt odd conflict endeavour powerful pupil

diligent fashion conquer yield diminish juicy excellent overcome astonishment yield encircle vulnerable food marsh pollute conversation claw touchable taint tight educate instructor boring storm speed entice doctrine lukewarm concise tried burglar lean prosper crowd arouse figurehead drudgery summit path calm, anesthetize temporary fleeting

cross journey hoax commonplace believe attempt two dictatorial omnipresent hidden, covert modest mysterious beneath weaken emphasize comprehend excessive together generally complete empty waver unsuccessful brave worth disappear conquer adamant feud poison location wordy decision reject annoy evil, cruel triumph compete defame manly, strong necessary occupation

fashion unstable obscenity susceptible bet salary forgo indulge need look feeble damp stimulate entire shrivel amazement court anger, fury snatch summons annually youthful

LIST 11 HOMONYMS

air ail allowed arc ate bad bail bald ball bare beach bean bear beat bee beet bell berry birth blue boar board bough bow boy brake buy ceiling cell cent cheap check coarse cord dear die dun Dye

heir ale aloud ark eight bade bale bawled bawl bear beech been bare beet be beat belle bury berth blew bore bored bow bough buoy break by/bye sealing sell sent cheep cheque course chord deer dye done die

loan made mail main meat medal missed muscle none oar one pail pain pair patience peace peal plain plane pore practice praise pray principal profit rain rap read read right ring road role root rose sale scene sea

lone maid male mane meet meddle mist mussel nun ore won pale pane pear patients piece peel plane plain pour practise prays prey principle prophet reign wrap reed red write wring rode roll route rows sail seen see

ewe eye fair feat find flea flew flour flower fool fore forth foul fur gait grate groan hair hall heal hear heard here higher him hole hour idle key knew knight knot know lain lead leak lessen

you I fare feet fined flee flu flower flour full four fourth fowl fir gate great grown hare haul heel here herd hear hire hymn whole our idol quay new night not no lane led leek lesson

seam sew sight soar sole son soot stair stake steal stile suite tail tear their threw throne tide to told too towed urn vain vale vein waist wait way weak wear whole witch wood write yoke yore

seem sow site sore soul sun suit stare steak steel style sweet tale tier there through thrown tied two tolled to, two toad earn vein veil vane, vain waste weight weigh week where hole which would right yolk your

LIST 12 PARENT AND YOUNG

ADULT (ANIMALS) bear boar buck (rabbit) buffalo bull (cattle) bull (elephant) camel cat cow deer dog elephant fox giraffe goat hippopotamus horse kangaroo leopard lion pig possum rat rhinoceros seal sheep stallion tiger wallaby wolf zebra

YOUNG cub piglet, pigling rack calf calf calf calf kitten calf fawn puppy calf cub calf kid calf foal joey cub cub piglet joey pup calf pup lamb foal cub joey cub foal

ADULT (BIRD) bird cock

YOUNG fledgling, nestling chicken

cock (pigeon) drake eagle gander goose grouse ostrich owl partridge pheasant pigeon swan turkey

squab duckling eaglet gosling gosling poult, cheeper chick owlet poult poult squab cygnet poult

ADULT (INSECTS) ant bee beetle butterfly cockroach dragonfly grasshopper housefly mosquito moth

YOUNG grub grub grub caterpillar nymph nymph nymph maggot wriggler caterpillar

ADULT (FISH) eel oyster shark trout whale

YOUNG elver spat cub fry calf

ADULT (AMPHIBIAN)

YOUNG

frog toad turtle

tadpole tadpole hatchling

List 13 - Homes of People & Creatures HOMES OF PEOPLE People boarder convict Eskimo gypsy king lodger lumberman/jack lunatic man monk noble nomad nun parson patient peasant pioneer priest prisoner Red Indian soldier student traveller Home boarding house prison igloo caravan palace lodging house log cabin asylum house monastery castle tent convent/nunnery parsonage hospital cottage wagon temple cell wigwam, tepee barracks, camp hostel hotel, inn, rest-house

HOMES OF CREATURES Creature ant ape bear beaver bee bird chicken cow dog eagle earthworm Home nest, ant-hill tree-nest den lodge hive nest coop byre, pen kennel eyrie/aerie soil

fish fowl fox hare horse lion mole mouse otter owl pig pigeon rabbit (tame) rabbit (wild) sheep snail spider squirrel tiger tortoise turtle wasp

water coop lair form stable lair, den fortress hole, nest lodge barn, nest sty dovecote hutch burrow, warren pen shell web drey lair shell shell nest

List 15 - Forming Abstract Nouns Common Noun brother child friend king leader

Abstract Noun brotherhood childhood friendship kingship leadership

Common Noun man member mother neighbor scholar

Verb behave die free grow know laugh

Abstract Noun behavior death freedom growth knowledge laughter

Verb lose marry please sell speak think

Adjective angry beautiful brave great happy hungry king long

Abstract Noun anger beauty bravery greatness happiness hunger kindness length

Adjective new strong thirsty TRUE unique weak wide wise

Abstract Noun manhood membership motherhood neighborhood scholarship

Abstract Noun loss marriage pleasure sale speech thought

Abstract Noun newness strength thirst truth uniqueness weakness width wisdom

List 16 - The Plurals of Nouns By adding -s Singular ant bicycle cow daughter egg flower grape house jug king

Plural ants bicycles cows daughters eggs flowers grapes houses jugs kings

Singular lock magazine nose orange picture rose spoonful toy vase well

Plural locks magazines noses oranges pictures roses spoonfuls toys vases wells

By adding -es to nouns ending in ch, -s, -sh, -ss, and -x Singular beach inch match watch bus octopus syllabus virus brush bush Plural beaches inches matches watches buses octopuses syllabuses viruses brushes bushes Singular dish thrush boss dress glass kiss box fox six tax Plural dishes thrushes bosses dresses glasses kisses boxes foxes sixes taxes

By adding s to nouns ending in -o Singular dynamo photo piano radio solo

Plural dynamos photos pianos radios solos

Singular studio tattoo torso trio zero

Plural studios tattoos torsos trios zeros

By adding -es to nouns ending in -o Singular buffalo echo hero mosquito negro

Plural buffaloes echoes heroes mosquitoes negroes

Singular potato tomato tornado veto

Plural potatoes tomatoes tornadoes vetoes

By adding s or es to nouns ending in -o Singular Plural banjo banjos/banjoes archipelago archipelagos/es cargo cargos/cargoes mango mango/mangoes motto mottos/mottoes

Singular memento peccadillo lasso indigo volcano

Plural mementos/mementoes peccadillos/es lassos/lassoes Indigos/indigoes volcanos/volcanoes

By changing y into ies if a noun ends in a consonant before the -y Singular beauty cherry curry diary duty Plural beauties cherries curries diaries duties Singular fairy family nappy spy theory Plural fairies families nappies spies theories

By adding s if there is a vowel before the -y Singular chimney donkey guy Plural chimneys donkeys guys Singular kidney monkey toy Plural kidneys monkeys toys

jersey key

jerseys keys

trolley valley

trolleys valleys

By changing f or fe into ves Singular calf elf half knife leaf

Plural calves elves halves knives leaves

Singular life loaf sheaf thief wife

Plural lives loaves sheaves thieves wives

By adding s to nouns ending in f or fe Singular Plural chef chef chief chiefs cliff cliffs giraffe giraffes gulf gulfs

Singular handcuff reef roof safe sheriff

Plural handcuffs reefs roofs safes sheriffs

By adding s or changing f into ves

Singular dwarf handkerchief hoof scarf turf wharf

Plural dwarf/dwarves Handkerchiefs/ves hoof/hooves scarfs/scarves turfs/turves wharfs/wharves

By changing the vowels Singular axis cactus crisis emporium fungus

Plural axes cacti crises emporia/emporiums fungus/funguses

Singular goose louse mouse oasis tooth

Plural geese lice mice oases teeth

By adding en or ren Singular ox

Plural oxen

Singular child

Plural children

By changing the vowels Singular axis cactus crisis emporium fungus

Plural axes cacti crises emporia/emporiums fungi/funguses

Singular goose louse mouse oasis tooth

Plural geese lice mice* oases teeth

* For computer mouse, the plural is mice or mouses.

The plural and singular forms of some nouns are the same advice aircraft baggage cattle cod deer advice aircraft baggage cattle cod deer knowledge music news offspring scenery series knowledge music news offspring scenery series

fish furniture information

fish** furniture information

sheep species

sheep species

List 17 - The Comparison of Adjectives Positive big black bold brave bright busy clean clear clever cold cool dark dear deep dirty dry easy fair fast fat fine funny great green happy hard healthy heavy high hot kind large late lazy light long low lucky mad merry narrow naughty near

Comparative bigger blacker bolder braver brighter busier cleaner clearer cleverer colder cooler darker dearer deeper dirtier drier easier fairer faster fatter finer funnier greater greener happier harder healthier heavier higher hotter kinder larger later lazier lighter longer lower luckier madder merrier narrower naughtier nearer

Superlative biggest blackest boldest bravest brightest busiest cleanest clearest cleverest coldest coolest darkest dearest deepest dirtiest driest easiest fairest fastest fattest finest funniest greatest greenest happiest hardest healthiest heaviest highest hottest kindest largest latest laziest lightest longest lowest luckiest maddest merriest narrowest naughtiest nearest

new noisy old pale poor pretty proud quick red rich sad safe shallow sharp short slow small smooth strong sweet tall thick thin tiny ugly warm wealthy wet white wide wild wise young

newer noisier older paler poorer prettier prouder quicker redder richer sadder safer shallower sharper shorter slower smaller smoother stronger sweeter taller thicker thinner tinier uglier warmer wealthier wetter whiter wider wilder wiser younger

newest noisiest oldest palest poorest prettiest proudest quickest reddest richest saddest safest shallowest sharpest shortest slowest smallest smoothest strongest sweetest tallest thickest thinnest tiniest ugliest warmest wealthiest wettest whitest widest wildest wisest youngest

Positive ancient beautiful brilliant careful careless cheerful comfortable

Comparative more ancient more beautiful more brilliant more careful more careless more cheerful more comfortable

Superlative most ancient most beautiful most brilliant most careful most careless most cheerful most comfortable

dangerous delightful difficult enjoyable foolish forgetful frightening generous handsome helpful ignorant important intelligent interesting pleasant powerful prosperous sensible terrible thoughtful unusual useful valuable wonderful

more dangerous more delightful more difficult more enjoyable more foolish more forgetful more frightening more generous more handsome more helpful more ignorant more important more intelligent more interesting more pleasant more powerful more prosperous more sensible more terrible more thoughtful more unusual more useful more valuable more wonderful

most dangerous most delightful most difficult most enjoyable most foolish most forgetful most frightening most generous most handsome most helpful most ignorant most important most intelligent most interesting most pleasant most powerful most prosperous most sensible most terrible most thoughtful most unusual most useful most valuable most wonderful

Positive bad far far good little many much

Comparative worse farther further better less more more

Superlative worst farthest furthest best least most most