Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2010-11
To advertise in this e-edition please contact Ray Deekes at Land & Marine Publications Ltd.
Tel: +44 (0)1206 752902 or Email: raydeekes@landmarine.com
contents/ndice
Ports of Panama HandbooK is published by:
3. foreWord
PREFACIO
land&MARINE
Land & Marine Publications Ltd 1 Kings Court, Newcomen Way Severalls Business Park Colchester CO4 9RA United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1206 752902 Fax: +44 (0)1206 842958 Email: publishing@landmarine.com Website: www.landmarine.com Printed by: Pensord The opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the editor nor of any other organization associated with this publication. Published with the co-ordination and support of the Communications & Marketing Directorate, Panama Maritime Authority. No liability can be accepted for any inaccuracies or omissions.
PANAM ENTRE LAS GRANDES POTENCIAS MARTIMA DEL MUNDO EL PRIMER REGISTRO ABIERTO DEL MUNDO
24. Panama gets a clean rePort on its VoluntarY submission to imo audit
PANAM PASA AUDITORA VOLUNTARIA DE LA OMI
Prefacio
La Autoridad Martima de Panam, es la Institucin Gubernamental, con perfil corporativo, que coordina e incentiva el desarrollo martimo portuario y logstico del pas a travs del cumplimiento de la Estrategia Martima Nacional y de las Leyes Martimas. Nuestros servicios estn enmarcados en una excelente atencin al cliente. Una red de ms de 60 Consulados alrededor del mundo y tres Oficinas Regionales as lo demuestran. Cumple con la normativa martima internacional establecida por la OMI, factor clave para el desempeo de la Marina Mercante panamea que hoy alcanza ms de 8,800 naves, representando as el 23% de la ota mercante mundial y ms de 212 millones de toneladas de registro bruto. El pas se encuentra entre los cinco principales centros portuarios de Latinoamrica, al cerrar el ao 2009, con un movimiento de contenedores de 4.3 millones de TEUs; en donde los pronsticos para el cierre del presente ao son de un aproximado de 5.0 millones de TEUs. Igualmente, se ha fortalecido el desarrollo de parques logsticos en el lado Atlntico, elevando la cantidad de gras prticas a 54 entre nuestros operadores, representando un 23% de la capacidad total de la regin latinoamericana. Luego de lo mencionado, no cabe duda que Panam tiene una gran responsabilidad en el movimiento comercial martimo internacional. Para ello, esta administracin contina coordinando el desarrollo de este pujante sector, que cada da brinda mayores oportunidades para todos los involucrados en el mismo. Hoy, nuestro pas es un territorio con un plan de trabajo estructurado y una visin de hacia donde queremos llegar en materia martima, con una Institucin cada da ms fortalecida, moderna, con una hoja de ruta estructurada y avalada por todos los sectores econmicos del pas, que buscan al igual que nosotros, un desarrollo ntegro de todos los miembros del conglomerado martimo y logstico nacional. roberto linares tribaldos Administrador, Autoridad Martima de Panam
foreWord
the countrys maritime, port and logistical development through compliance with the national maritime strategy and with maritime law. A notable feature of our business is the excellent customer service that we provide, aided by a network of more than 60 regional consulates around the world, and in compliance with the regulations laid down by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). It is a key factor in the performance of the Panamanian merchant marine, which today consists of more than 8,800 ships, representing 23 per cent of the total merchant eet worldwide and over 212 million gross registered tons. Panama is one of the five leading port centers of Latin America, handling a total container throughput of 4.3 million teu in 2009 with approximately 5 million teu forecast in 2010. In addition, there has been further development of logistics parks on the Atlantic coast, bringing the total number of gantry cranes deployed by operators in Panama to 54. This represents 23 per cent of the total capacity of the Latin American region. So, there can be no doubt that Panama has a prominent role to play in the international maritime commercial sector. This administration continues to co-ordinate the development of this powerful sector, which every day offers greater opportunities for everyone involved. Today, our country has a structured working plan and a vision of what we want to achieve in the maritime sector. Our institution grows stronger every day and, as a modern organization with a structured strategy, it is supported by all economic sectors of the country. Their common goal is to achieve an integrated development of all aspects of the national maritime and logistics sector.
s a government institution with a corporate prole, the Panama Maritime Authority co-ordinates and stimulates
territory of 75,517 sq km (29,157 square miles) contains over 3 million inhabitants, concentrated mainly in Panama City. The climate is wholly tropical, with temperatures from 26 to 30C (79 to 86F) throughout the year. The seaboard of Panama stretches for 2,988 km (1,857 miles). The canal is currently undergoing a major
great acHieVement
he Republic of Panama, at the heart of the American continent, borders Colombia to the east and Costa Rica to the west. Its
expansion. Once the project is complete, larger containerships of up to 12,000 teu capacity will be able to transit the canal from ocean to ocean. These works are due for completion in 2014.
Panama is renowned worldwide as the home of one of the worlds wonders: the Panama Canal. Undoubtedly a great achievement of modern engineering, the canal is 80 km (50 miles) long and connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific.
eXPand
The main ports of the United States Eastern Seaboard are already working to expand their own terminals so as to be ready when the expanded canal begins to operate. This fact alone shows how important the waterway and its operations are to the USA, a major player in the global economy.
locKs
Currently, the canal has three sets of locks Miraores, Gatun and Pedro Miguel as well as one of the worlds largest artificial lakes, Gatun Lake, covering 425 sq km (164 square miles). There are two canals in the republic: the Panama Canal and the Transisthmian Dry Canal and Railroad, owned jointly by Kansas City Southern Railway and Panama Holdings, LLC. Services on this railroad are designed to operate continuously between the Atlantic and Pacific Intermodal
Terminals at a rate of 10 trains every 24 hours in both directions. There is scope to boost this capacity to 32 trips per day.
significance
Taken together, the canal, the railroad and the transshipment ports on the republics Pacific and Atlantic seaboards thus offer the worlds widest range of maritime transportation services. There is no question that Panama has become a maritime power of international significance. The worlds major shipping companies use the canal and the ports of Panama. In 2009 a total of 12,849 canal transits were made by high-tonnage ships (those paying tolls higher than the minimum rates implemented on 1 June 1998).
trade routes
The main trade routes that include the canal are between the US Eastern Seaboard and Asia; between the US Eastern Seaboard and South Americas Western Seaboard; and round-theworld operations. The canal has an impact on the national economy that goes far beyond its contribution to the National Treasury. About 20 per cent of vessels transiting the canal load or discharge cargo at the private ports. 6
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
(AMP), which is responsible for managing and co-ordinating the sectors activities in the republic. The authority was created by Decree Law #7 of 10 February 1998 which unified various state maritime competencies under this organization and set forth other provisions.
The responsibilities of the AMP include, among other duties: Proposing, co-ordinating and implementing the National Maritime Strategy Recommending policies and actions Performing management functions Enforcing laws and regulations in the maritime sector. The National Maritime Strategy is a document agreed by the public and private sectors and approved by a Cabinet resolution of 28 January 2004. The strategy has two major objectives: Promotion of competitiveness National, social and economic development. An updated National Maritime Strategy was approved by a Cabinet resolution of 24 June 2009. It had become vital to modernize the maritime sector in the light of the canal expansion. The new document, approved by AMPs board of directors in September 2008, contains six strategic objectives: To consolidate Panama as the principal maritime and logistics platform of the Americas To promote safe trade To achieve environmental sustainability To strengthen the maritime and logistics sector To ensure excellence of processes To promote the development of human resources. Panama offers a framework of legal certainty to any logistics-related companies willing to invest
autonomous
The AMP is an autonomous state legal entity, with its own assets and autonomous internal governance. It is subject only to the policies, orientation and inspection of the Executive and to the General Comptrollership of the Republic of Panama.
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
in the country. Panama is one of the few countries to have in place a law aimed at developing this sector. An Inter-institutional Consultative Commission for Maritime Strategy will be in charge of planning and co-ordinating the implementation of the objectives set out in the amended National Maritime Strategy.
La Estrategia Martima Nacional es un documento consensuado entre el sector pblico y privado, aprobado mediante resolucin de Gabinete el 28 de enero de 2004. La Estrategia se enmarca en dos grandes objetivos que buscan promover la competitividad por un lado y el desarrollo econmico nacional y social por el otro. Mediante Resolucin de Gabinete del 24 de junio de 2009 se aprob una actualizacin de la Estrategia Martima Nacional, porque el sector martimo requera una modernizacin en virtud de la ampliacin del Canal de Panam. El nuevo documento, aprobado por la Junta Directiva de la AMP en septiembre de 2008, contiene seis objetivos estratgicos que contemplan la consolidacin de Panam como principal plataforma martima y logstica de las Amricas; el fomento del comercio seguro; la sostenibilidad ambiental; el fortalecimiento del conglomerado martimo y logstico; garantizar la excelencia de los procesos; y el desarrollo del capital humano. La ley brinda estabilidad a las empresas vinculadas al sector logstico que quieran invertir en el pas, uno de los pocos que ha diseado una ley para desarrollar este sector. Una Comisin Interinstitucional Consultiva de la Estrategia Martima se encargar de planificar y coordinar el desarrollo de los objetivos plasmados en la Estrategia Martima Nacional modificada. Esta comisin estar compuesta por la AMP, Autoridad del Canal de Panam, Ministerio de Comercio e Industrias, Secretara Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa (SENACYT) y Cmara Martima. La visin de la Estrategia es crear en Panam un centro integrado de servicios martimos y logsticos competitivos de excelencia al servicio de la marina mercante, puertos, industria martima auxiliar, exportacin e importacin de bienes, aeropuertos, comunicaciones, trasnporte ferroviario, carreteras, transporte de carga, recursos marinos y agroindustrias, desarrollando actividades que generen valor agregado a estos sectores y al comercio nacional e internacional.
members
The members of this commission will be the AMP, the Panama Canal Authority, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the National Secretariat for Science and Technology (Senacyt) and the Maritime Chamber. The strategy has a stated vision to establish in Panama an integrated hub for competitive maritime and logistics services of excellence, designed to serve merchant shipping, ports, ancillary maritime industries, the import and export of goods, airports, communications, rail transportation, roads, cargo transportation, marine resources and agricultural industries and to carry out activities that add value to these sectors and to domestic and foreign trading.
location Panama
C A R I B B E A N S E A
C
A
TA C O S
LIMON
COLON
MANZANILLO INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL PANAMA PORTS COMPANY COLON 2000
COCO SOLO
CRISTOBAL
RAINBOW CITY
CUATRO ALTOS
A
GOLFITO
CHIRIQ GRAND
PANAMA CANAL
COROZAL
PANAMA CANAL
FORMER HOWARD AIRBASE
DAVID
GOLFO DE CHIRIQUI
BALBOA
PROPOSED FARFAN PORT DEVELOPMENT
Bahia de Panama
P A C I F I C
O C E A N
10
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
QUI DE
S E A
PORTOBELLO
COLN LAGUNA DE CHIRIQUI CHEPO GOLFO DE LOS MOSQUITOS SAN CRISTBAL BALBOA PANAM LA CHORRERA
USTUPO YANTUPO
A M A
SANTIAGO SON
LA PALMA
ISLA S. JOS
GOLFO DE S. MIGUEL
CHITR
GOLFO DE PANAM
GARACHIN
POCR
TONOS
N E A
11
From 2005 to 2009 the total revenue from port and maritime services was more than $500 million. Panamas maritime sector accounts for some 20 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP). The Panama Maritime Authority (AMP), which runs the maritime sector, makes a positive contribution to the creation of direct and indirect employment. This organization alone has over 1,250 permanent employees working in the administrative and operational areas.
anamas maritime industry has a strong impact on the national economy through its direct and also its indirect contributions.
administration
The number of indirect jobs resulting from AMPs administration is put at more than 5,000. These employees provide services for vessels in a range of capacities including formalities related to the issuing of licenses and operating permits; legal services provided by law firms; and transportation services. The revenue generated by AMP allows it to invest in works of strategic importance such as the construction and administration of over 100 port infrastructures nationwide. This enables the ports to handle in excess of 350,000 passenger transits per year and to provide transshipment services for goods in transit to various locations. 13
current legal provisions on education, training, certication and watchkeeping of seafarers, in line with international conventions ratied by the Republic of Panama. The activities of this bureau generate some $28 million per year for the economy of Panama. Other duties of the DGGM include: Monitoring strict compliance with minimum manning levels for Panamaregistered ships as related to safe navigation Authorizing, controlling and supervising compliance with educational and training programs by any other organizations teaching nautical or general maritime education. In addition, the bureau is responsible for inspecting the working, living and accommodation conditions of crew members on board Panama-ag vessels so as to ensure the strict enforcement of domestic laws and international conventions ratified by the Republic of Panama in connection with work at sea and on the waterways. These functions are carried out at the following offices: Central Panama Office: for Mexico, Central America and South America Regional Documentation Center in Manila in the Philippines Regional Documentation Center in London: for Europe and North Africa Regional Documentation Center in New York: for North America and Canada.
ne of the Panama Maritime Authoritys major divisions is the Seafarers General Bureau (DGGM), in charge of enforcing the
15
merchant shipping fleet and port development has pushed the republic into the top slot as the regions largest transshipment hub and it is now endeavoring to reinforce this message though education to increase the awareness of the countrys growing maritime culture. The current administration has taken the initiative to launch a campaign aimed at promoting this maritime culture among young Panamanians. Currently, the Panama Maritime Authority (AMP), in co-ordination with the Ministry of Education (Meduca in Spanish) and with Panamas Maritime Chamber, is looking to promote maritime culture in all the nations schools and colleges. To this end, a new advanced secondary education specialization, Maritime and Ports, has been created, with a corresponding degree awarded on successful completion.
anama has made enormous strides in the maritime sector in recent years it is home to the canal, has the worlds largest
InItIatIve
The aim of this initiative is to improve and advance maritime careers, thus helping Panama to become a First World nautical nation. Starting in 2010, the AMP will be in charge of a pilot plan to launch the Maritime and Ports advanced secondary course in three of the nations schools, in the provinces of Colon, Cocle and Chiriqui. There are plans to roll out this program to other schools in the future. The AMPs goal in this regard is the training of highly qualified seamen and cadets. This initiative seeks to instill in the young student population of Panama an awareness of the need to take advantage of the fine opportunities that the country offers, thanks to its privileged position both domestically and internationally as a nation of excellence in maritime services. 17
education. It was this awareness that prompted the republic in 2005 to found the International Maritime University of Panama (UMIP). This academic institution focuses on the training of seafarers to become specialized in the maritime-and-port and national and regional coastal marine sectors, as well as in the international merchant fleet. Emphasis is also placed on training seafarers for life and work through
anama is well aware of its domestic and regional role in the field of maritime
knowledge management; and on teaching them leadership, discipline, responsibilities, competencies and values that will enable students to perform and succeed at a global level in these sectors.
eMPowered
UMIP, the official State University of the Republic of Panama, was created by Law #40 of 1 December 2005. It is an autonomous legal entity, with its own assets and the right to manage them, and is empowered to design its study plans and programs, by means of regular courses, research or extension courses, regarding maritime disciplines and the technological development of the domestic, regional and international maritime community. This is the only university specializing in the maritime industry of Panama and the entire Central American region. The academic offer is distributed among three schools: the School of Nautical Sciences, the School of Maritime Transportation and the School of Seafaring Sciences.
acadeMIc
The academic offer includes five master degrees, six postgraduate degrees and two course diplomas. UMIP has a student population of 978. The most popular of UMIPs courses are Nautical Engineering, with an emphasis on Navigation and Maritime Transportation (Deck), and Nautical Engineering, with an emphasis on Naval Machinery (Machine). Since UMIP was founded,
18
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
nearly 250 cadets have graduated, of whom more than 80 per cent are now on active sea duty.
Adems ofrece cinco maestras, seis postgrados y dos diplomados. La poblacin estudiantil actual de la UMIP es de 978 estudiantes. Las carreras en las que los estudiantes han demostrado mayor inclinacin de estudios en la UMI, son las Ingeniera Nutica con nfasis en Navegacin y Transporte Martimo (Cubierta) e Ingeniera Nutica con nfasis en Maquinara Naval (Mquina). Desde la creacin de la UMIP se han graduado aproximadamente 247 cadetes, de los cuales ms del 80% ha sido embarcado. evalUacIn El embarque es un proceso en el que los cadetes son sometidos a un exhaustivo sistema de evaluacin por parte de los representantes de las navieras, quienes eligen a los candidatos para embarcarse. La institucin acadmica no tiene injerencia en la escogencia del cadete para embarque, le compete exclusivamente a la naviera. La UMIP ha suscrito importantes convenios con empresas navieras de todo el mundo, tales como Maersk, COSCO, TideWater, Norwegian Cruise Line, entre otras que fomentan el embarque de cadetes. El embarque para la carrera de Ingeniera Nutica con sus dos nfasis es un requisito fundamental para recibir el certificado de oficial de Marina Mercante. La Repblica de Panam cuenta con 70 centros de Formacin Martima reconocidos por la administracin martima panamea, de los cuales 21 son nacionales y 49 en el extranjero.
evalUatIon
Embarkation is a process whereby cadets submit to an exhaustive evaluation system conducted by agents of the shipping lines, who ultimately are the ones selecting the candidates for active sea duty. The academic institution does not interfere with the selection process, which is handled exclusively by the shipping company. UMIP has signed key agreements with shipping companies around the world, including COSCO, Maersk Line, Norwegian Cruise Line and Tidewater, who favor taking on cadets for sea duty. For the course in Nautical Engineering in its two options, embarkation is a vital prerequisite to be certified as a merchant navy officer. The republic has at its disposal 70 maritime training centers accredited by the AMP, of which 21 are located in Panama and 49 abroad.
19
responsibilities for the republic in terms of labor and environmental matters. Aware of these commitments, the republic takes an active part in forums and international workshops on environmental matters and in 2006 it ratified the Maritime Labor Convention. This convention embraces all kinds of provisions on the rights and workplace protection systems of over 1.2 million seafarers worldwide. This new legal instrument consolidates and updates the more than 65 existing international labor standards for seafarers that have been adopted over the past 80 years. The convention defines the various aspects of seafarers right to decent working conditions. It
anama has the worlds largest merchant fleet and this translates into a series of
aims to be universally and uniformly applicable, readily understood and easily updated. Designed to be a global instrument, this document has often been dubbed the fourth pillar of the international maritime regulatory regime on cargo shipping, thus complementing the key conventions of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
ratIfIed
The Republic of Panama ratified the Maritime Labor Convention by Law #2 of 6 January 2009 and thus joined other major flag states such as the Bahamas, Liberia and the Republic of Marshall Islands. In this way, 33 per cent of the worlds merchant tonnage was reached an essential requirement for the conventions entry into force.
20
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
The second requirement ratification by at least 30 countries will probably be attained by 2011, according to the International Labor Organization (ILO). Panamas decision to ratify this convention underlines its commitment to take a leadership role in the maritime industry as well as its wish to achieve decent work conditions for the seafarers who crew its ships.
legIstlatIon
For about three decades now, the republic has been ratifying ILO conventions (about 25 of them) on maritime labor, most of which have been condensed in the present Decree Law #8 of 26 February 1998. This legal instrument, which regulates work conditions at sea and the waterways, is a piece of current national legislation, enforceable on Panama-flag ships that provide domestic and international services. Panama also played a key role in ratifying the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments, adopted by the IMO on 13 February 2004. This convention sets out guidelines for minimizing the introduction of exotic organisms and the dissemination of pathogenic micro-organisms through ships ballast water. For the convention to come into force, it must be ratified by 30 countries or by 35 per cent of the worlds merchant tonnage, whichever occurs first. Panama is highly significant, therefore, because it represents 22 per cent of world tonnage.
21
he Department for the Investigation of Maritime Accidents (DIAM) was set up by the AMP as part of its responsibilities in relation to maritime safety.
DIAM is responsible for inquiring, examining and investigating the circumstances and causes of all types of maritime accidents and incidents with the aim of improving the safety of human life at sea and preventing future accidents or incidents occurring to (or on board) Panama-flag ships worldwide, and other flags while in Panamas territorial waters.
regUlatIons
The duties and goals of DIAM are based on the AMPs Resolution #106-06-DGMM of 30 January 2008 and on the IMOs Resolution A.849 (20) as amended. These regulations are the basis of DIAMs work. They apply to merchant ships, fishing vessels and recreational craft. They define accidents and set out the purpose of investigations and the requirements for reporting of accidents. They also include provisions for requesting, notifying and conducting investigations. However, inspectors are granted ample discretionary powers necessarily so, given the wide variety of cases.
22
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
The Department of Investigation of Maritime Accidents and Incidents, a division of the General Directorate of the Merchant Navy, is in charge of investigating maritime incidents or events that may pose a risk for human life or the environment, or that have caused loss of human life, marine pollution or damage to property.
Asimismo, incluye disposiciones sobre la solicitud, notificacin y realizacin de investigaciones, pero concede amplias facultades discrecionales a los inspectores, potestades necesarias dadas la amplia variedad de casos. El Departamento de Investigacin de Siniestros y Accidentes Martimos de la Direccin General de Marina Mercante estar encargado de la investigacin de siniestros o sucesos martimos que puedan plantear un riesgo para la vida humana o el medio ambiente, que hayan causado prdidas de la vida humana, contaminacin marina o daos a la propiedad. Tambin podr particiar en cualquier investigacin en el que intervengan autoridades de bsqueda y salvamento de cualquier Estado, o que afecte a la Repblica de Panam de cualquier otro modo y que necesite ser investigado.
InterventIon
It is also entitled to participate in any investigation involving the intervention of any other states search-and-rescue authorities, or affecting the Republic of Panama in any other way and requiring investigation. Guidance on safety issues is provided by Regulation 1/21 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (Solas), 1974; Section 23 of the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966; and Section 13 of the International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution by Ships (Marpol), 1973.
23
Navy, voluntarily requested an audit by the Panama branch of the IMO. The audit was conducted in December 2008 and the auditors, appointed by the IMO, were: Italo DAmico (Argentina), head of the audit team; Nelson Domnguez (Venezuela); Luis Muoz (Chile); and Cayetano Prez Prez (Spain). The audit examined the effective compliance with the various international conventions on maritime matters ratified by the State of Panama.
he Panama Register, in keeping with its role within the International Merchant
The scope of the audit was based on the Code for the Implementation of Mandatory IMO Instruments (Resolution A.996 (25) of 29 November 2007), while framework and procedures of the audit followed the guidelines of Resolution A.974 (24) of 1 December 2005, Framework and Procedures for the Voluntary IMO Member State Audit Scheme.
resPonsIbIlItIes
The audit covered all of Panamas responsibilities as a Flag State and Port State Control Authority. So it focused mainly on the General Directorate of the Merchant Navy, the Seafarers General Bureau and the General Bureau of Ports and Ancillary Maritime Industries, which perform their assigned functions on behalf of the Panamanian State.
coMPlIance
The methodology followed by the auditors was to establish, through a series of visits, interviews and examination of written records, files and other documents, the objective evidence to determine the extent of the AMPs compliance with the responsibilities contained in the code. The audit process aimed to identify the strategy in place for the implementation of the relevant instruments; the existing review procedures; and the provisions for improving these on a continuous basis. Under this program, an examination was conducted of the existing national legislation ascribing force of law to the IMO mandatory instruments. A review was also conducted of the
24
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
processes for the elaboration and dissemination by the member state of its own interpretations, policies and instructions related to the said instruments, as well as a review of the actual implementation of such provisions.
cUMPlIMIento La metodologa empleada por los auditores para el audito consisti en establecer mediante una serie de visitas, entrevistas, examen de registros escritos, archivos y documentos en general, la evidencia objetiva para determinar en que medida la Administracin Martima Panamea cumpla con las obligaciones contenidas en el cdigo. El programa sigui un proceso cuyo objetivo era determinar la estrategia para la implantacin de los instrumentos, los procesos de revisin existentes y las disposiciones para la mejora continua. Siguiendo este programa, se llev a cabo un examen de la legislacin nacional existente que proporciona a los Instrumentos Obligatorios fuerza de ley. Tambin se observaron los procesos mediante los cuales el Estado Miembro desarrolla y difunde sus interpretaciones, polticas e instrucciones en relacin con estos instrumentos, as como la revisin de la implementacin prctica de estas disposiciones. ProcedIMIentos En virtud que todos los procedimientos se llevan a cabo acorde con las normas internacionales, el equipo auditor no encontr incumplimientos en la aplicacin y ejecucin de los convenios por parte del Estado de Abanderamiento Panameo, ratificando de esta forma la dedicacin y seriedad que tiene nuestro Registro con mantener la Seguridad y Proteccin de la Vida en el Mar, la Prevencin de la Contaminacin del Medio Marino y la navegacin ms segura en el mar. Con esto, la Administracin Panamea reafirma y mantiene su liderazgo como Bandera de Excelencia en el Registro de buques en el mbito mundial al registrar, al 31 de octubre de 2008, 8 mil 159 naves que navegan en aguas internacionales con bandera panamea.
coMMItted
Since all the examined procedures had observed the relevant international standards, the audit team did not find any instances of non-compliance in the enforcement and implementation of the conventions on the part of the Flag State of Panama. This served to confirm that the Panama Register is fully committed and dedicated to preserving Solas and Marpol and to achieving safer navigation at sea. The AMP is thus able to reaffirm and maintain its leadership as a flag of excellence among the worlds ship registers, with 8,159 ships sailing international waters under the Panama flag as at 31 October 2008.
25
ith the aim of maintaining a strict control of the services provided by the Recognized Organizations which act in repre-
sentation of Panama, the General Directorate of the Merchant Navy periodically conducts audits of these companies. To this effect, AMP personnel control and monitor Recognized Organizations compliance with the mandatory provisions a procedure that is performed by very few other administrations worldwide. The Department of Control and Compliance is in charge of organizing, co-ordinating and regulating any matters relating to these audits, including dates, auditors, provisions, etc. Recognized Organizations authorized by the Republic of Panama are: American Bureau of Shipping, Bureau Veritas, China Corporation Register of Shipping, China Classification Society, Det Norske Veritas, Germanischer Lloyd, Hellenic Register of Shipping, Indian Register of Shipping, Intermaritime Certification Services, SA, International Naval Survey Bureau (INSB), International Register of Shipping (Panama) Inc, Isthmus Bureau of Shipping, Korean Register of Shipping, Lloyds Register of Shipping, Macosnar Corporation, National Shipping Adjuster, Inc, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, Overseas Marine Certification Services, Inc, Panama Bureau of Shipping, Panama Register Corporation, Panama Marine Survey & Certification Services, Inc, Panama Shipping Register Inc, Polski Rejestr Statkow, Registro Italiano Navale, Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, Universal Shipping Bureau Inc, Global Shipping Class, Inc.
Las Organizaciones Reconocidas (OR) autorizadas por la Repblica de Panam son: American Bureau of Shipping, Bureau Veritas, China Corporation Register of Shipping, China Classification Society, Det Norske Veritas, Germanischer Lloyd, Hellenic Register of Shipping, Indian Register of Shipping, Intermaritime Certification Services, S.A., International Naval Survey Bureau (INSB), International Register of Shipping (Panama) inc., Isthmus Bureau of Shipping, Korean Register of Shipping, Lloyds Register of Shipping, Macosnar Corporation, National Shipping Adjuster, Inc. Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, Overseas Marine Certificacion Services, Inc., Panama Bureau of Shipping, Panama Register Corporation, Panama Marine Survey & Certification Services, Inc., Panama Shipping Register Inc., Polski Rejestr Statkow, Registro Italiano Navale, Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, Universal Shipping Bureau Inc., Global Shipping Class, Inc.
27
Mayor eficiencia Disponibilidad del sistema 24 x 7 Emisin de documentos seguros, con las ms
altas y exigentes medidas de seguridad a nivel mundial
n line with Panamas responsibility towards the more than 300,000 seafarers who sail under its flag, the Seafarers Bureau has imple-
Trmites simples Estadsticas e informes al instante Disminucin de los recursos del Estado.
Tambin desarrolla una consultora para la Investigacin de la normativa nacional vigente en materia laboral martima y preparacin de Anteproyecto de Ley por medio del cual se reglamenta el Convenio sobre trabajo Martimo, 2006. Otros de sus planes es el equipamiento tecnolgico para modernizar los procesos de expedicin de licencias y la digitalizacin de ttulos, refrendos de ttulos y endosos de cursos (incluyendo Oficinas Nacionales y los Centro Regionales de Documentacin en Londres, Manila y Nueva York. El propsito de este proyecto es la modernizacin de los procesos de expedicin de licencias para la gente de mar que trabaja a bordo de buques de bandera panamea en aguas jurisdiccionales de la Repblica de Panam, especficamente a travs de Puertos Nacionales que estn autorizados para la emisin de licencias en aguas nacionales. Digitalizacin de ttulos, refrendos de ttulos y endosos de cursos, incluyendo a la Oficina Central en Panam y los centros regionales de documentacin de Londres, Manila y Nueva York.
mented several projects aimed at improving its services. The first of these is to achieve automation of seafarer certifications and seamans books issuance. The envisaged results are significant, for instance: Greater efficiency 24/7 availability of the system Issuing of genuine documents in accordance with the strictest security standards worldwide Simple procedures Real-time availability of statistical data and reports Less use of state resources This project also includes a consulting service for the research of current national legislation on maritime labor matters and the preparation of a draft bill for the enactment and regulation of the Convention on Maritime Labor, 2006.
ModernIZe
Another of the projects concerns the technology and equipment needed to modernize the issuing of licenses, digitalize degree certificates, certifi cates of course validation and course endorsements (whether originated at the National Offices or the Regional Centers of Documentation in London, Manila and New York). The aim of this project is to update the issuance processes of licenses for seafarers working on Panama-flag vessels in Panamas territorial waters, specifically at national ports with authority to issue licenses in territorial waters.
29
n keeping with its key role in the placement of seamen and naval officers, Panama updated the existing seafarer recruitment regulations, stipulating that private services for the place-
ment of seafarers should be provided through the Seafarers Employment or Enrollment Agencies. These agencies shall be considered as collaborators of the public placement services and shall work on the labor market in an intermediation capacity in order to help crew workers to find a job at sea and to assist employers in hiring suitable crew members to meet their maritime labor needs. This regulation states clearly that the service shall be completely free of charge for crew members. No registration fee shall be charged, nor any kind of payment demanded in return for placement or enrollment. Nor shall any costs be charged to crew members for mandatory medical examinations, certificates or personal travel documents and the national seamans book or license.
30
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
Any company interested in providing these services in the Republic of Panama has to get authorization from the General Bureau of Employment, a division of the Ministry of Labor and Labor Development, which shall issue such authorization in co-ordination with the AMP. The bureau shall be in charge of controlling and supervising the operation of these agencies.
Una vez se le apruebe la solicitud para el servicio de agencia de colocacin, la empresa o deber obtener y consignar, antes de la expedicin de la licencia de operacin, garanta a favor del Ministerio de Desarrollo Laboral por una suma no menor de $50,000 ni mayor de $100,000. Las agencias que se establezcan de acuerdo con lo pactado en este reglamento debern contratar preferentemente tripulantes de nacionalidad panamaa, o extranjeros casados con nacionales, o con hijos panameos, con residencia legal y domicilio habitual en el territorio nacional.
aPProval
After securing approval to function as a placement agency, the applicant company shall obtain and deposit, prior to being issued an operation license, a guaranty in favor of the Ministry of Labor Development in an amount not less than $50,000 or more than $100,000. The agencies organized in accordance with the provisions of these regulations shall preferably hire crew members of Panamanian nationality, or foreign nationals married to Panamanians or with children born in Panama, having legal residence and habitually residing in national territory.
31
shipment port terminals that exist between Panama and Colon. Taken as a whole, these handle over 4 million teu using a combined total of more than 50 panamax, post panamax and super post panamax cranes. The Panamanian port system includes all ports, specialized terminals and small berths, whether under public or private management. Panama has four large ports specializing in containerized cargo: Balboa and Cristobal, operated by Panama Ports Company (PPC); Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT), operated by SSA Marine; and Colon Container Terminal (CCT), the port facility of Evergreen. The transshipment ports for international cargo are managed and operated by privately owned, internationally known companies with high productivity and security levels and standards of efficiency on a par with the best ports worldwide.
anama has the best maritime connections in the Latin American region, according to Unctads ranking for 2009. This privileged position has been achieved thanks to the trans-
32
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
Panama Ports Company (PPC) manages and operates two ports located at both entrances to the canal. They function as a distribution hub for the Atlantic and Pacific trade routes.
Panama Ports Company (PPC), administra y opera dos puertos que se localiza en ambas entradas del Canal. Sirven como centro de distribucin para las rutas comerciales del Atlntico y del Pacfico. La Terminal de Contenedores del Puertos de Balboa, operado por PPC, tiene 1270 metros de muelle para la operacin de contenedores, 22 gras prticas distribuidas entre 8 panamax, 10 Post Panamax y 4 Sper Post Panamax. En tanto, el puerto de Cristobal, operado por PPC, localizado en la entrada Atlntica del Canal, tiene 620 metros de muelle para operaciones de contenedores, 6 gruas porticos distribuidas en 3 Panamax y 3 Post Panamax. mit Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT) provee servicios portuarios a lneas navieras sirviendo a las regiones del Caribe, Centro y Suramrica. Consolidando su liderazgo como una de las principales terminal de la regin, MIT ha mantenido como estrategia la mejora de su conectividad atrayendo a diversas lneas navieras regionales que no solo han expandido su base de clientes si no que tambin han expandido la capacidad y cobertura de mercado. MIT suministra a sus clientes servicios eficientes, seguros y flexibles entre los que se destacan operaciones completamente automatizadas de barco, patio, garita y ferrocarril, con productividad de clase mundial, excelente servicio a sus clientes y soluciones informticas con informacin en tiempo real. A travs de su acceso directo al ferrocarril operado por PCRC, MIT complementa su oferta de servicios a carga local y carga de trasbordo tradicional. La terminal de Contenedores de MIT tiene 1,640 metros de muelle para buques portacontenedores y una profundidad de -14 metros al costado de muelle. Tambin un muelle especializado ro-ro estilo mediterrneo para buques de hasta 300 metros, profundidad de 12.5 metros al costado de muelle. La terminal est certificada por los programas CSI y C-TPAT, adems del cdigo ISPS.
balboa
The container terminal at Port of Balboa, operated by PPC, has a 1,270 meter wharf for container operations, 22 gantry cranes eight panamax, 10 post panamax and four super post panamax. Port of Cristobal, also operated by PPC, has a 620 meter wharf for container operations and six gantry cranes three panamax and three post panamax.
mit
Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT) provides port services for shipping lines trading in the Caribbean, Central American and South American regions. Consolidating its leadership as one of the main terminals of the region, MIT has main-
33
tained a strategy of improving connectivity, thus attracting various regional shipping lines. This has played a role not only in expanding its client base but also in boosting the terminals capacity and market share. MIT provides its clients with efficient, secure and flexible services including: Fully automated ship operations Yard entrance checkpoints Rail services World-class productivity Excellent customer service Computerized solutions allowing real-time information.
By providing direct access to the Panama Canal Railway Company system, MIT completes its offer of services to local cargo and traditional transshipment cargo.
specialized
The MIT Container Terminal has a 1,640 meter wharf for container carriers, and 14.0 meters draft alongside. There is also a specialized Mediterranean-style dock for ro-ro cargo ships of up to 300 meters in length and 12.5 meters draft alongside. The terminal is certified by the CSI and C-TPAT programs as well as the ISPS Code. As well as offering the best connectivity in the region, MITs comprehensive range of services has reinforced Panamas position as a logistics hub for the area. Colon Container Terminal, SA is a modern port specializing in containers, general cargo and ro-ro cargo. Its state-of-the-art technology ensures a quick and efficient transshipment of cargo. Services are provided to all shipping companies on a first-come, first-served basis.
wharves
CCT has three wharves with a total length of 982 meters. Wharves #1 and #2 are 612 meters long with 14.0 meters draft, while wharf #3 is 370 meters long with 15.0 meters draft). The terminal covers 74.33 hectares and includes a storage area for refrigerated containers with 984 plugs. It is expected that during 2010 the Ports of Singapore Authority (PSA) will start operating its own container and ro-ro cargo terminal at the Pacific entrance to the canal at Rodman port. Panamas ports are regarded as fourth-generation ports, given their operational capacity to handle the loading and discharging of cargo. This has
34
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
Adicional a la mejor oferta de conectividad en la regin, los servicios agregados de MIT ayudan a mejorar la posicin de Panam como centro logstico del rea. Colon Container Terminal, S.A. es un moderno puerto especializado en el manejo de contenedores, carga general y carga rodante, con la ms avanzada tecnologa para el trasbordo rpido y eficiente de la carga. Proveen servicios a todas las lneas navieras con un sistema justo: El primero en llegar, el primero en ser atendido. CCT cuenta con 982 metros de muelle (los muelles 1 y 2 tienen de 612 metros de largo y 14 metros de profundidad y el muelle 3 es de 370 metros de largo y 15 metros de profundidad, respectivamente). almacenamiento Actualmente, el rea de la terminal es de 74.33 hectreas y cuentan con un rea con 984 conectores para el almacenamiento de contenedores refrigerados. Para el 2010 se espera que Ports of Singapore Authority (PSA) operador portuario con sede en Singapur empiece a operar su terminal de contenedores y de carga rodante en la entrada Pacfica del Canal, especficamente en el puerto de Rodman. Los puertos panameos son considerados puertos de cuarta generacin dada las condiciones para atender las operaciones de carga y descarga, lo que ha significado la introduccin de modernos equipos y tecnologa de punta, ampliacin de los muelles, dragados de los canales de acceso y frentes de atraque que han alcanzado profundidades entre los 14 y 16 metros, situacin esta indispensable para que buques de gran calado (post panamax) puedan realizar las operaciones. Cabe destacar que los puertos de trasbordo forman parte de la Iniciativa de Seguridad del Contenedor conocido por su sigla en ingls CSI promovido por los Estados Unidos. Esto significa que los puertos de Panam y Coln cuentan con equipos de rayos x en sus instalaciones para la revisin de la carga que sea considerada como sospechosa. Adicionalmente en virtud de la importancia que reviste el centro de trasbordo panameo, el gobierno estadounidense por conducto del Departamento de Energa don 4 equipos de deteccin radiolgica nuclear, los cuales fueron ubicados en dos terminales portuarias panameas: tres ( 3) en el Puerto de Balboa, Pacfico y uno (1) Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT), Coln. En el caso de Balboa se coloc equipos adicionales debido al volumen de carga que se maneja all.
involved installing modern equipment and introducing state-of-the-art technology, expanding wharf space, and dredging access canals and mooring berths to drafts of 14.0 and 16.0 meters. The latter is essential to allow the operation of deep-draft post panamax vessels.
initiative
It should be underlined that, as the transshipment ports are party to the US-promoted Container Security Initiative (CSI), the Panama and Colon ports have invested in X-ray equipment for inspection of suspicious-looking cargo.
importance
In addition, thanks to the importance given by the USA to the transshipment hub of Panama, the US government, through its Department of Energy, has donated four units of nuclear radiation detection equipment. These have been placed in two of Panamas port terminals: three units at the Port of Balboa, on the Pacific, and one at the Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT) of Colon. More units were allocated to Balboa because of the larger volume of cargo handled at this port.
35
anama also has a specialized port dedicated to the fishing industry Vacamonte International Port, on the Pacific side.
On Taboguilla Island, at the Pacific entrance to the canal, the Decal Group has installed a modern terminal dedicated to storage and distribution of oil derivatives.
modern
With a storage capacity of 175,000 cubic meters, the Decal Terminal is characterized by its modern configuration and advanced automation. There are 12 tanks with capacities from 5,000 to 35,000 cubic meters. The terminal has one wharf of 15.0 meters draft.
36
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
Along the same line of specialization, Petroamerica Terminal SA (PATSA) operates the Petroleum-Free Zone of Arraijan-Rodman, where the terminal has a total storage capacity of 1.1 million barrels of oil derivatives. This is used to store marine fuels for bunkering of ships in the canal area and clean fuels for the automobile fleet and the domestic markets industrial clients. All products are transferred through independent oil pipelines. Marine fuels are dispatched at both wharves through pipelines, while clean fuels are forwarded in tank trucks through the two existing truck-loading facilities under the strictest standards of security and efficiency.
facilities
Petroterminales de Panama engages in similar activities and has facilities at both seaboards. Together with Refineria Panama, on the Atlantic seaboard, it has managed to bring a new dynamic pace to bunkering in Panama. Deserving a special mention are the specialized ports and wharves serving the cruise ships
37
para la actividad. Una es Muelle 6 del Puerto de Cristbal, operado por Panama Ports Company (PPC), capaz de recibir a los megacruceros que navegan hoy por el mundo y la otra, es Colon 2000. Esta ltima desde 2008 se convirti en home port de la lnea Royal Caribbean para su crucero Enchanment of the Seas que realiza un circuito de 7 das por Latinoamerica, logrando capturar el mercado de la regin y el europeo. estadisticas Las estadsticas de la Autoridad de Turismo de Panam revelan que desde la temporada 2000 fecha que se inauguran por primera vez terminales especializadas de cruceros hasta el 2007 haban desembarcados 1,439,089 pasajeros en esos puertos de entrada. Otras de las terminales especializadas es Desarrollo Posicional, ubicada en Muelle 16 del Puerto de Cristbal, concesin operada por un grupo de empresas panameas avcolas en sociedad con Cargill, la empresa de granos ms grande del mundo. Adicional a las operaciones portuarias que realizan los puertos arriba descritos tambin Panam cuenta con puertos y muelles de administracin estatal, que adems de la actividad econmica que se genera en los mismos, brindan una labor social, ya que muchos de stos permiten la entrada y salida de carga y pasajeros que viven en las diferentes islas, zonas costeras panameas, que tienen como nico medio de transporte la va martima. En total, la Repblica de Panam cuenta con 13 puertos menores calificados como estatales, 38 muelles y 34 atracaderos.
industry in Panama. Since 2000 Panama has been a major player in the Caribbean cruise industry. In that year, two specialized terminals dedicated to the cruise industry entered service. One of them is Wharf 6 at the Port of Cristobal, operated by Panama Ports Company (PPC) and designed to serve the mega ships that now cruise international waters; the other is Colon 2000.
home port
Since 2008 Royal Caribbean has used Colon 2000 as the home port for its Enchantment of the Seas, sailing to Latin American destinations on sevenday cruises, thus capturing the regional and European markets alike. Statistics from Panama Tourism Authority show that 1,439,089 passengers went ashore at the referred ports of entry between 2000 when the specialized cruise terminals came into service and 2007. Another specialized terminal is Positional Development (Desarrollo Posicional) at Wharf 16 in the Port of Cristobal. This is a concession operated by a group of Panamanian poultry companies in partnership with Cargill, the worlds largest grain company.
state-managed
In addition to the operations carried out by these ports and terminals, Panama also has state-managed ports and wharves. These facilities, besides the economic activity derived from their operation, fulfill a social function, since a number of them allow the arrival and departure of cargo and passengers to and from the various islands and coastal areas of Panama, where the only means of transportation is by sea. In total, the republic has 13 minor state owned ports, 38 wharves and 34 mooring berths.
39
body of port legislation. This was passed by the National Assembly on 6 August 2008 under the title General Law 56 Ports, and published in the Official Gazette on 7 August 2008. Set out in this body of laws are: The provisions governing port activity and maritime facilities, existing or to be constructed in Panama
fter long discussion, the private sector and the government reached a consensus on a
The use of any property granted under concession The rendering of maritime services, public or private. Under Resolution JD #027 of 2008, Approval of Regulations to Issue Licenses for the Operation of Ancillary Maritime Services, the AMP shall have exclusive competence to: issue licenses of operation to any natural or legal person seeking to provide ancillary maritime services within the port enclosures or territorial waters of the
40
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
Republic of Panama, in areas under its jurisdiction, subject to compliance with the terms and conditions set out by the regulations for the relevant type of activity.
ancillary
The legislation deems that ancillary maritime services are commercial activities aimed at providing services in Panama to ships, cargoes and crews in transit. Activities classified in this way include: Barges, on self-service basis Barges, on full-service basis Commercial sea transportation of passengers Commercial diving Repairs, maintenance, remodeling, reconstruction or restoration of ships afloat, in a floating dock or in a dry dock Stores supply service Ship breaking Sea transportation and supply of fuel, lightering, lubricants or oil derivatives Removal and transportation of ship-generated waste and cargo residues as per Annexes I, II, IV, V, VI to Marpol 73/78 using floating equipment Removal and transportation of ship-generated waste and cargo residues as per Annexes I, II, IV, V, VI to Marpol 73/78 using tanks Treatment and final disposal of ship-generated waste and cargo residues Installation of treatment plants according to Annexes I, II, IV and VI of Marpol 73/78
Autoservicio de lanchas Servicio de lancha Transporte comercial de pasajeros por mar Buceo comercial Reparaciones mantenimiento, remodelacin, reconstruccin (restauracin) de
naves, a flote, astilleros flotantes, submarinas o en dique
Servicio de avituallamiento Desguace de las naves Transporte y suministro por mar de combustible, aligeramiento, lubricantes o
derivados del petrleo.
41
Fumigacin, desinfectacin y desratizacin Installation of incinerators, as per Annex V of Marpol 73/78 Mooring and unmooring of ships at maritime or port facilities. Repair and maintenance of containers Ship agency services, logistics operators and other similar support services for ships Fumigation, disinfection, deratting and insect elimination from ships Pilotage Towage Inspection of conditions of packing, stowage, loading and unloading of goods and of their condition and qualities in port and on board ships Rental of accessories, tools, equipment and materials for ship operations Supply of fresh water to ships using floating equipment Oil blending Tank cleaning Removal and transportation of ballast waters, as per the convention on ballast water management Removal and final disposal of wastes, in compliance with the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships (AFS). Supply or distribution of dispersants, degreasers, surface cleaning and bioremediation products. Under Section 4 of the Resolution, the operation licenses shall be valid for a renewable period of 10 years.
eliminacin de vectores en las naves
Mezclado de combustible Limpieza de tanques Buceo Comercial Recoleccin y Transporte de aguas de lastre,
segn convenio de manejo de aguas de lastre
43
other great maritime powers such as China, Japan and South Korea as well as Greece, Italy, Norway, Russia, the UK and the USA. This re-election took place on the occasion of IMOs XXVI General Assembly. In a landslide result, 124 votes were cast in favor of Panama out of some 170 countries, thus comfortably securing the Class A slot for the republic and a seat on the IMO Council.
or the third time in a row, Panama was re-elected to the Council of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in the Class A category. This puts the republic on a par with
executive body
The Council is the IMOs executive body, responsible before the Assembly for supervising the organizations work. It is formed by 40 member countries, categorized in three classes. Class A and
44
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
Class B each consist of 10 states whose interests are focused on maritime trade, while under Class C there are 20 countries mainly interested in maritime transportation. The Council also determines the IMOs maritime policies. One of its most important functions is to elect the IMOs Secretary General.
functions
In between Assembly sessions, the Council performs all of the Assemblys functions, with the exception of making recommendations to Governments on maritime safety and pollution prevention. Panamas Ship Register first saw the light in 1925. Today it boasts the worlds largest merchant fleet, in terms of both vessels and tonnage. The 8,686 vessels on this register make up 22.3 per cent of the worlds fleet, as per official statistics.
maritime power
The reason why Panama is considered a maritime power of global significance is the size of its shipping fleet, which exceeds 200 million gross tons and generates quarterly revenues of about $20 million for the republic. Panama is the IMOs largest contributor. According to UNCTADs 2008 figures, 78 per cent of vessels sailing under the Panama flag belong to Asian shipowners, of which 54.4 per cent are Japanese nationals. The balance are German, Greek and US owned vessels.
45
anamas Merchant Navy was created by Law #8 of 1925, which did away with restrictions on nationality and residence of shipowners in favor of an open register system.
The Panama Register is the worlds oldest and largest open register. This means that it accepts any vessels, whether owned by domestic or foreign nationals, on condition of their compliance with every regulation on seaworthiness, maritime safety, pollution prevention and control, crew, certification and watchkeeping of seafarers, technical standards, social and tax provisions. Panamas Merchant Navy offers many advantages to shipowners, allowing the republic to consolidate its position, long ago, as the worlds number one shipping fleet. Some of these advantages are: A simple and straightforward procedure that allows the vessel to complete its registration in eight hours, provided all the necessary requirements have been met
46
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
Panamas technical office, Segumar, offers 24-hour assistance to clients from Asia and Europe, regardless of time zone differences Strategic representation in 60 countries worldwide, through merchant navy consulates Tax exemption on earnings generated by shipowners activity Shipowners and operators of vessels sailing under the Panama flag are eligible to opt for the system under the corporations law No minimum tonnage requirements, although vessels older than 20 years must undergo a special inspection by an authorized Panamanian official in order to obtain a valid patent Shipowners wishing to transfer their vessels to the Panama flag need not have them reinspected if the vessel already has a valid safety and tonnage certificate issued by a recognized organization or company. However, a recognized organization must issue new certificates on behalf of the AMP at the time of registration.
47
to the requirements of an ever-changing industry, has come into force after a long period of discussion and study by the private sector and the Panamanian authorities. Law #57 was passed on 6 August 2008 and became effective on February 2009 when the following incentives were introduced: Discounts of up to 60 per cent for newbuildings Discounts, depending on tonnage, for vessels registered with the Merchant Navy less than five years after keel-laying Discounts for mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs)
Discounts for any vessels registered with the Merchant Navy, regardless of tonnage, type or year of construction, provided that over a 24-month period they were not detained by a Port State Control inspection. Loyalty discounts at registration. Lay-up registration. *** In/out charter registration. Special registration for temporary navigation. On-line registration. Discounts for vessels that use innovative methods to help reduce atmospheric pollution. Moreover, any person, natural or legal, regardless of nationality or place of origin, is eligible to
48
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
Descuentos de hasta un 60% para naves de nueva construccin. Descuentos para naves registradas en la Marina Mercante con menos de 5
aos seguidos de la fecha de puesta de la quilla segn tonelaje.
Descuentos para MODUS (Mobile Offshore Drilling Units). Descuentos para naves en la Marina Mercante, independientemente de su
tonelaje tipo y ao de construccin, comprobando que no han sido detenidas en un periodo de 24 meses por la inspeccin de Estado Rector de Puerto.
Descuentos por la Lealtad en el Registro. to register vessels under the Panama flag. The registration procedure is simple and expedient. Registro de Lay-up. *** Registro Charter in/out.
*** lay-up regiStration
Registro Especial para navegacin temporal. Registro Online. Descuentos para naves que introduzcan medidas innovadoras para reducir la
contaminacin de la atmsfera. Adems Cualquier persona, natural o jurdica, no importa su nacionalidad y lugar de procedencia, es elegible para registrar naves bajo bandera panamea. El procedimiento de inscripcin es sencillo y gil. *** regiStro lay up Definitivamente que la nueva legislacin de Marina Mercante es innovadora y visionaria porque cre el Registro Lay up que es una solucin en tiempos de crisis. No requiere de Certificados abordo solo cumplir los requisitos mnimos de seguridad y prevencin de contaminacin, este registro tendr validez un periodo de 1 ao, prorrogable. Beneficios:
An example of the innovative and far-seeing nature of the new Merchant Navy legislation has been the introduction of a Lay-Up Registration, a convenient solution in times of crisis. This type of registration does not require any on-board certificates meeting the minimum safety and pollution prevention requirements is sufficient. This registration has a renewable one-year validity. Benefits: Cost saving of 40 per cent compared with standard registration in Panama Reduction in crew-related costs during long periods of lay-up When the vessel re-enters service, the only requirement is a special inspection by a Recognized Organization, to be reported to the Merchant Navy Authority (DGMM).
La obtencin de este registro, representa un descuento del 40% del costo real
de registro en Panam.
Disminuir los costos de tripulacin durante largos periodos de lay-up. En el momento de poner en servicio la nave nuevamente, solo requerir
de una inspeccin especial por parte de una Organizacin Reconocida y comunicada a la DGMM.
49
41 per cent. This brings the total to 8,686 vessels with a gross tonnage of 205,553,923 grt, representing 22.2 per cent of the international maritime fleet, as compared with the two largest competing registers. Between 2007 and 2009 a total of 2,353 newbuildings with a gross tonnage of 81.8 million grt were registered. During the second half of 2009, 364 newbuildings were registered. During the period of May to July 2009 a total of 166 vessels of less than three years old with a gross tonnage in excess of 500 grt were registered under the Panama flag. Of these vessels, 55 were delivered in 2009 and one was to be delivered in 2010.
ver the last four years, the Panama Register has expanded by about 2,600 vessels and 40 million grt an estimated growth of
grown
During the second half of 2009 the Panama Register grew by 10.8 per cent in tonnage as a result of the registration of newbuildings. Among the worlds cruise ship companies, Carnival Cruise Lines in particular has expressed an interest in continuing to register more of its vessels in Panama. Carnival has 16 vessels under the Panama flag and plans to register a further six. This prestigious company has registered its largest and newest cruise ship, Carnival Dream, under the Panama flag. This 130,000 grt vessel is 306 meters in length and has a capacity of 3,600 passengers.
world leader
Panama is the world leader in ship registration and the register of preference for about 40 per cent of the worlds shipowners. Thanks to its innovative registration system, which manages to stay competitive even in times of crisis, Panama is likely to go on heading the list of shipowners preferences.
51
Safety-oriented meaSureS
the Panamanian authorities have reinforced their measures to deal with ship detentions under the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). These measures are: To notify the Annual Safety Inspection (ASI) division that all classification societies, shipowners and operators must request an Occasional Inspection certificate from every vessel stationed at a Paris MOU port, or whose next destination is a member country of the Paris MOU, in order to prevent detentions. Should this requirement fail to be met, the administration shall be urgently notified. To reiterate to all Recognized Organizations a listing of all vessels detained without a certificate of Occasional Inspection, as per the 2009 Detained Ships Report. To classify by company the detained vessels in its fleet, and forward the relevant communications. To issue a list of canceled vessels to the various MOU Port State Control Authorities. During the first six months of 2009 the 12.7 per cent detention rate fell to 2.5 per cent. Other measures implemented by the Panama Register in order to preserve its leading position in number of vessels and quality of service are: Segumars Panama offices now operate 24 hours a day. This has been welcomed by the international maritime community, since it allows Segumar to effectively serve both Asia and Europe Process of digitalizing all records has begun Over 45 consulates have been incorporated into the electronic system. Yearly revenues were up by about 16 per cent The ratio between fleet age and growth has been reduced in two years The time taken to expedite all applications and formalities (provided the required information is complete and accurate) has been reduced by 47 per cent.
ecause of Panamas status as home of the worlds largest merchant fleet in terms of the number of vessels on its register,
52
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
2008 that the General Directorate of the Merchant Navy secured ISO 9001: 2000 certication from Lloyds Register Quality Assurance, one of the most prestigious organizations in the maritime community. It was decided to obtain this certification as a market strategy, aimed at assuring existing clients of the quality of the Panama Register while at the same time attracting new clients. The authorities are very mindful of the maritime industrys huge impact on the world economy. They know very well that the industry has become steadily more competitive and aggressive
he Panama Register is one of the few public entities in the republic to have a certied quality management system. It was in October
compliance
Lloyds Register (LR) verifies the status of its certification on a semi-annual basis, in order to assess compliance with the documentation of processes a part of the requirements set out by the IMO. The external auditor of LR in charge of verification reported that, during the three-day audit, operational and support processes were examined. He expressed his satisfaction at the level of commitment shown by all the concerned parties within the scope of the management system. It is vital for Panama, as a leading ship register, to have in place a quality system that allows a verifiable control of the services it provides and documentation of all its processes. Thanks to the ongoing improvements in all its services, the register is expected to achieve a record figure of 9,000 vessels in the near future.
Para Panam, como pas lder en abanderamientos de buques, es de suma importancia contar con un sistema de calidad que le permita mantener un control verificable de los servicios brindados a sus clientes y una documentacin de todos sus procesos, lo que representa un factor clave para el crecimiento del registro de buques de Panam, que prontamente espera alcanzar la cifra rcord de 9 mil naves, con la aplicacin de la mejora continua en todos los servicios que prestan.
53
owner/ adminiStrator
Colon 2000
location
Colon
deScription
Cruise berth of 100 metres and four dolphins with 11 metres depth alongside Container terminal of 37 hectares with 992 metres of berth with depths between 14 and 15 metres. Two berths serving coastal traffic
location
Adjacent to passenger terminal and retail complex Five Panamax and five post panamax gantry cranes, 30 RTGs
weBSite
www.colon2000.com
Evergreen Group
Coco Solo North, Manzanillo, just east of the Atlantic entrance to the canal. Bay of Limon, Quay No 3 in the area of Fort Lesseps On Flemenco Island at Pacific entrance to canal
www.cct-pa.com
Colon Port Terminal (CPT) Fort Amador Resort & Marina Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT)*
CPT
www.calpan.com Marina and berths including one 180 feet alongside berth 8 super post-Panamax, 6 post-Panamax and 2 Panamax gantry cranes, 24 RTGs, on-dock container freight station 14 panamax and post-panamax gantry cranes. www.fuerteamador.com
Coco Solo North, Manzanillo, just east of the Atlantic entrance to the canal. Situated at the Pacific end of canal
Container terminal with 1,640 metres of contiguous berth and one stern-to mooring berth of 300 metres for ro-ro vessels. Paved area of 520,000 square metres with storage for 37,000 teu Container Terminal with 1,196 metres of deepwater berths and 16 hectares of container storage 3,731 metres of berths handling cargo, cruise and bulks. Includes the Cristobal Cruise Terminal Pier 6.
www.mitpan.com
Port of Balboa*
Panama Ports Company SA/Hutchison Port Holdings Group Panama Ports Company SA/Hutchison Port Holdings Group
www.ppc.com.pa
Port of Cristobal*
www.ppc.com.pa
puerto
propietario / adminiStrador
Coln 2000 Evergreen Group
uBicacin
deScripcin
Punto de atraque de 100 metros para cruceros y cuatro duques de alba adyacentes de 11 metros de profundidad Terminal de contenedores de 37 hectreas con 992 metros de atraque con profundidades de 14 y 15 metros Dos atraques que dan servicio al trfico costero
inStalacioneS
Terminal de pasajeros y complejo comercial adyacentes Cinco gras de caballete panamax y cinco post-panamax, 30 gras tipo RTG
Sitio weB
www.colon2000.com
Coln 2000 Colon Container Terminal (CCT)* Colon Port Terminal (CPT) Fuerte Amador Resort & Marina Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT)*
Coln Coco Solo Norte, Manzanillo, al este de la entrada atlntica al canal Baha de Limn, muelle No. 3 en el rea del Fuerte Lesseps En la isla Flamenco en la entrada pacfico al canal
www.cct-pa.com
CPT
www.calpan.com Marina y puntos de atraque, incluyendo uno adyacente de 180 pies 8 gras de caballete sper postpanamax, 6 post-panamax y 2 panamax, 24 gras tipo RTG, estacin de carga de contenedores en puerto 14 gras de caballete panamax y post-panamax www.fuerteamador.com
Terminal de contenedores con 1,640 metros de puntos de atraque contiguos y un punto de atraque de amarre a popa de 300 metros para navos ro-ro; rea pavimentada de 520,000 metros cuadradas para almacenar 37,000 TEU Terminal de contenedores con 1,196 metros de puntos de atraque de agua profunda y 16 hectreas para almacenamiento de contenedores 3,731 metros de atraque, que manejan carga, cruceros y graneles; incluye el Muelle 6 de la Terminal de Cruceros Cristbal
www.mitpan.com
Puerto de Balboa*
Panama Ports Company SA/Hutchison Port Holdings Group Panama Ports Company SA/Hutchison Port Holdings Group
www.ppc.com.pa
Puerto de Cristbal*
10 gras de caballete panamax y post-panamax, 18 gras tipo RTG, estacin de carga de contenedores
www.ppc.com.pa
54
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
port Aguadulce
operator AMP
location Baha de Parita on the Pacific coast, 150 km west of Panama City In Bocas del Toro region 30 km from border with Costa Rica District of Bar close to border with Costa Rica On Pacific coast 200 km west of Panama City On Atlantic coast near border with Costa Rica On Pacific coast 100 km east of Panama City In Laguna de Chiriqui in the west of Panama on the Atlantic coast. Darien region 200 km south-east of Panama City On Pacific coast about 250 km west of Panama City Veraguas region on Pacific coast Near Panama City 7 km to the south of David, in the far west of the country, on the Pacific coast. 27 km west of Panama City on Pacific coast
deScription Handles imports/exports of sugar, molasses, fertilisers and construction materials. Multipurpose port of handling export of bananas, passengers and ro-ro traffic General cargo port used for banana exports Fishing port of 69.8 hectares Multipurpose and ferry port handling passengers, ro-ro traffic and fragile cargo Handles general cargo, domestic and coastal traffic General cargo, petrochemicals and transhipment terminal Coastal port handling general cargo, bulks and passengers Handles general cargo and fish products Handles general cargo, fish and passengers Handles general cargo, coastal and domestic traffic. Traffic includes fish, grain, coastal traffic and general cargo Fishing port
information 38.4 hectares with L-shaped quay with berths of 70 metres and 31 metres and depths of 4.0 to 16.0 ft 1.2 hectares in area with 11.0 metres depth 50 metre berth with 33 to 46 ft depth One concrete wharf 823 hectares with one berth of 64.3 metres 1.35 hectares in size with one concrete ramp of 1,824 square metres One quay of 182 metres length and 24.24 metres width plus container stacking area General cargo quay of 40 metres length and 16 metres width 6.7 hectares with T-shaped quay of 16.2 metres length accessed by 50 metre long bridge 2.42 hectares with 16.5 metre pier and concrete ramp 2 hectares with quay of 145 metres length and 14.45 metres. Single 86 metre quay Six berths two of 60 metres, two moorings of 210 metres and a T-shaped tuna pier of 108 metres
Almirante Armuelles Boca Parita Bocas del Toro Coquira Chriqui Grande La Palma Mensab Mutis Panam Pedregal Vacamonte
AMP AMP AMP AMP AMP Petroterminal de Panama AMP AMP AMP AMP AMP AMP
puerto Aguadulce
operador AMP
uBicacin Baha de Parita en la costa del Pacfico, a 150 km al oeste de Ciudad de Panam En la regin de Bocas del Toro, a 30 km de la frontera con Costa Rica Distrito de Bar, cerca de la frontera con Costa Rica En la costa del Pacfico a 200 km al oeste de Ciudad de Panam En la costa del Atlntico cerca de la frontera con Costa Rica En la costa del Pacfico a 100 km al este de Ciudad de Panam En la laguna de Chiriqu al oeste de Panam en la costa del Atlntico Regin de Darin, a 200 km al sureste de Ciudad de Panam En la costa del Pacfico a aproximadamente 250 km al oeste de Ciudad de Panam Regin de Veraguas en la costa del Pacfico Cerca de Ciudad de Panam A 7 km al sur de David, en el extremo oriental del pas, en la costa del Pacfico A 27 km al oeste de Ciudad de Panam, en la costa del Pacfico
deScripcin Maneja importacin y exportacin de azcar, melaza, fertilizantes y materiales de construccin Puerto multiusos de manejo de pasajeros, trfico ro-ro y exportacin de pltano Puerto de carga general usado para exportacin de pltano Puerto pesquero de 69.8 hectreas Puerto multiusos y de transbordadores que maneja pasajeros, trfico ro-ro y carga frgil Maneja carga general y trfico costero y nacional Carga general, productos petroqumicos y terminal de trasbordo Puerto costero que maneja carga general, graneles y pasajeros Maneja carga general y productos de pesca Maneja pescado, carga general y pasajeros Maneja carga general y trfico costero y nacional El trfico incluye pescado, granos, trfico costero y carga general Puerto de pesca
informacin 38.4 hectreas con muelle en forma de L con puntos de atraque de 70 y 30 metros y profundidades de 4.0 y 16.0 pies 1.2 hectreas de superficie con 11.0 metros de profundidad 50 metros de atraque con profundidades de 33 a 46 pies Un muelle de concreto 823 hectreas con un atraque de 64.3 metros 1.35 hectreas de superficie con una rampa de concreto de 1,824 metros cuadrados Un muelle de 182 metros de longitud y 24.24 metros de ancho ms un rea de apilamiento de contenedores Muelle de carga general de 40 metros de longitud y 16 metros de ancho 6.7 hectreas con muelle en forma de T de 16.2 metros de longitud, con acceso mediante un puente de 50 metros de largo 2.42 hectreas con muelle de 16.5 metros y rampa de concreto 2 hectreas con muelle de 145 metros de longitud y 14.45 metros de ancho Muelle nico de 86 metros Seis puntos de atraque, dos de 60 metros, dos puntos de amarre de 210 metros y un muelle atunero en forma de T de 108 metros
Almirante Armuelles Boca Parita Bocas del Toro Coquira Chriqui Grande
La Palma Mensab
55
informacin til
diViSin poltica adminiStratiVa: Nueve provincias y tres comarcas indgenas (Kuna Yala, Ember y Ngbe-Bugl), Bocas del Toro, Chiriqu, Cocl, Coln, Darin, Herrera, Los Santos, Panam y Veraguas.
uSeful information
adminiStratiVe diViSionS: Nine provinces and three territories (Kuna Yala, Ember y Ngbe-Bugl), Bocas del Toro, Chiriqu, Cocl, Coln, Darin, Herrera, Los Santos, Panam and Veraguas. airportS: 54 with paved runways, seven over 1,500 metres in length; 62 with unpaved runways. area: Panama has a total area of 78,200 sq km, of which 75,990 sq km is land and 2,210 sq km is water. climate: Tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (April to December), short dry season (January to April) coaStline: 2,988.3 km currency: US Dollars and Panamanian Balboas are used and are interchangeable, although Balboas only exist in coin form. ethnic groupS: Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70 per cent, Amerindian and mixed (West Indian) 14 per cent, white 10 per cent, Amerindian 6 per cent. independence: 3 November 1903 from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821. land BoundarieS: Panama borders Colombia (225 km in length) and Costa Rica (330 km). waterwayS: 800 km (includes 82 km Panama Canal). time difference: Panama operates on Eastern Standard Time all year round (GMT 5). terrain: Interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills. roadS: Total length of 11,643 km (paved: 4,028 km, unpaved: 7,615 km). railwayS: Total length 355 km; 77 km with standard gauge (1.435 metre), 278 km with narrow gauge (0.914-metre). religionS: Roman Catholic 85 per cent, Protestant 15 per cent. population: 3.24 million (2007). 93 per cent are literate. puBlic holidayS: New Years Day (January 1), Martyrs Day (January 9). Workers Day (May 1), Independence Day (3 November), First Cry of Independence Day (November 10), Independence from Spain Day (November 28), Mothers Day (December 8), Christmas Day (December 25). languageS: Spanish (official), English 14 per cent; many Panamanians are bilingual.
aeropuertoS: 54 con pistas pavimentadas, siete sobre 1,500 metros de largo y 62 con pistas no pavimentadas. rea: Panam tiene un rea total de 78,200 metros cuadrados, de los cuales 75,990 metros cuadrados de superficie total y 2,210 metros cuadrados de aguas territoriales. clima: Tropical; muy caluroso, hmedo, nublado; estacin de precipitaciones (de abril a diciembre), estacin seca (de enero a abril) coSta: 2,988.3 km moneda: El dlar americano y el Balboa se utilizan como moneda y son intercambiables entre s. El Balboa slo se emite en la forma de monedas. grupoS tnicoS: Mestizo (mezcla entre Amerindios y Blancos) 70%, Amerindios y Meztizos (Indgena del Oeste) 14%, Blancos 10% y Amerindios 6%. independencia: De Colombia el 03 noviembre de1903; de Espaa el 28 de noviembre de 1821. lmiteS: Panam limita con Colombia (225 km de longitud) y Costa Rica (330 km). idiomaS: Espaol (Oficial), Ingls (14%); muchos panameos son bilingues. poBlacin: 3.24 millones (2007). 93% saben leer y escribir. daS feriadoS: Ao Nuevo (01 enero), Da de los Mrtires (09 enero), Da del Trabajo (01 mayo), Da de la Independencia (03 noviembre), Primer Grito de Los Santos (10 noviembre), Independencia de Espaa (28 noviembre), Da de la Madre (08 diciembre), Navidad (25 diciembre). ferrocarrileS: Distancia total 355 km; 77 km religin: Catlica Romana 85%, Protestante 15%. carreteraS: Longitud total de 11,643 km (pavimentada: 4,028 km, no pavimentada: 7,615) terreno: El interior es mayormente accidentado, con montaas escarpadas y cortadas, planicies en tierras altas; la costa esta conformada por planicies y cadenas montaosas. diferencia horaria: Hora estndar del este todo el ao (GMT 5) VaS fluVialeS: 8000 km (incluidos 82 km del Canal de Panam)
56
P ORTS OF PA N A M A H A NDBOOK
Website: www.amp.gob.pa