Crlmlnal Law CuLllne

1) ChapLer 1 1hefL
a) Larcenykemnants |n many statutes
l) eflned
(1) 1aklng"Lrespassory Laklng from possesslon of owner used Lo be abouL llLerally
Laklng caLLle by Lrespasslng on Lhe land
(a) Wldeunder MC Lhls has been removed as an elemenL (because modern Lech
does noL need a physlcal Laklng) (larra[ and Ma
(b) narrow
(2) Carrylng AwaysomeLlmes called Lhe AsplraLlon requlremenL"used Lo be llLerally be
movlng buL now lL doesn'L really maLLer
(3) lrom Lhe possesslon of anoLherln Lhls case Lhe owner
(a) AClalm consLrucLlve possesslon or acLual possesslon
(b) Mere cusLody
(4) roperLy of anoLher (wlLhouL consenL of owner)
(3) WlLh lnLenL Lo permanenLly deprlve Lhe owner of Lhe properLy
(a) Clalm of 8lghL" efense
(b) AALLack Lhe credlblllLy of
||) US v Iarra[ (SDN 2001)
lll) lederal Crlme naLlonal SLolen roperLy AcL 18 uSC 2314 Whoever LransporLs
LransmlLs or Lransfers ln lnLersLaLe or forelgn commerce any goods wares merchandlse
securlLles or money of value of $3000 or more knowlng Lhe same Lo have been sLolen
converLed or Laken by fraud
(1) LeglslaLlve lnLenL Coods are 8road and 1ransmlLs allows a loL of leeway
(a) lllusLraLes how new LhefL crlme could be expanded
(2) WhaL ls goods"?
(a) Crdlnary Sub[ecL of Commerce"
(l) CreaLed for commerclal urpose and carrylng lnherenL commerclal value
(ll) noL l8l ocumenLs
(lll)no LanglblllLy" lssue ln sLaLuLe
(lv)MoneLary LvaluaLlon?
(3) WhaL ls LransmlLs"?
(a) Allows nonLanglble lLems Lo be moved and caughL under sLaLuLe
(b) hoLocopylng moneywlrlng downloaded LexL eLc (us v 8lggs)
|v) Un|ted States v Mafnas (9th C|rcu|t 1983)
v) lederal Crlme 18 uSC 2113(b) whoever Lakes and carrles away wlLh lnLenL Lo sLeal
or purloln any properLy or money belonglng Lo any bank"
(1) WhaL ls Lresspassory Laklng"
(a) 1aklng properLy wlLhouL owners' consenL
(2) WhaL ls possesslon"?


(a) CustodynoL possesslon when you only recelve lLems for a llmlLed Llme or llmlLed
purpose
(l) ellverlng from polnL A Lo polnL 8
(b) hyslcal ConLrol can be brlef (copylng bank lnfo/walklng ouL of sLore)
(c) lf Lhere ls a ballleeballor relaLlonshlp Lhe bank has consLrucLlve possesslon of Lhe
money Lhe ballee has possesslon of Lhe shlpmenL (conLenLs vs shlpmenL)
(l) lf you open Lhe bags ln your possesslon ln a 88 relaLlonshlp you 'break bale
and are 'Lraspossory Laklng'
v|) Defenses
(1) Clalm of 8lghL efenself acLed ln an honesL bellef LhaL he/she had rlghL Lo
obLaln/exerL conLrol over properLy as he dld
(2) negaLes Mens 8ea (lnLenL/purpose Lo deprlve)
(3) noL a reasonable person sLandard (does need Lo glve evldence buL does noL apply Lo
reasonable sLandard)
(a) rosecuLor would aLLack hls credlblllLy
b) Larceny 8y 1r|ck
l) Larceny +
ll) lalse 8epresenLaLlon"
lll) Converslon"
lv) roperLy change noL [usL LlLle
v) A carrenLal LhaL was Lhen sLolen
c) mbezz|ement
l) mbezz|ement fraudulenL converslon of Lhe properLy of anoLher by an enLrusLed person ln
lawful possesslon who has Lhe lnLenL Lo converL Lhe properLy Lo hls own beneflL
(1) Converslonuse of properLy
(2) LnLrusLmenLAccess/Louchlng/ballee/power and lnLenLlon Lo exerclse domlnlon or
conLrol
(3) lnLenL Lo converL
(4) 1o hls own beneflL
ll) State v 8at|n (Nevada Supreme Court 2002)
(1) nev 8ev SLaL 203300(1) deflnes embezzlemenL as when a person wlLh whom ay
money properLy or effecLs has been deposlLed or enLrusLed" uses or approprlaLes Lhe
money properLy or effecLs ln any manner or for any oLher purpose Lhan LhaL for
whlch lL was deposlLed or enLrusLed"
(a) WhaL ls enLrusLmenL?
(l) ossesslonunder bale
1 ConsLrucLlve ossesslonower and lnLenLlon Lo exerclse domlnlon or
conLrol"
2 Mere access" noL consLrucLlve possesslon
a Look for [ob lnsLrucLlons duLles lmplled
3 hyslcal 1ouchlng
d) Conso||dat|on


l) Can be charged for a slmllar crlme even lf you are Lrled for a dlfferenL onesLaLuLebound
Any of whlch can yleld a convlcLlon dependlng on Lhe facLs
e) Ia|se retenses]1heft by Decept|on
l) Cwner passes LlLle Lo properLy Lhrough rellance on false preLenses
(1) needs power and unresLrlcLed auLhorlLy for use of properLy
(2) lalse represenLaLlon musL cause Lhe LransacLlon of LlLle
f) Larceny 8y 1r|ck
l) Cwner passes acLual properLy Lhrough a Lrlck
ll) 1emporary CusLody/Mere Access
lll) WlLh a speclflc purpose
lv) eop|e v 1raster (Ca| 2003)
(1) no unresLrlcLed AuLhorlLy" Lherefore lL ls noL lalse reLenses
g) kece|v|ng Sto|en Goods
l) 8ecelvlng (ossesslon)
(1) Aware of conLrol
(2) AblllLy Lo affecL for a span of Llme
(3) AcLual or consLrucLlve
(4) lnLenLlon Lo exerclse conLrol where conLrol could exlsL
(3) you can share consLrucLlve possesslon
ll) knowlng (Mens 8es)
lll) 1he properLy ls SLolen
lv) WlLh lnLenL Lo deprlve Lhe owner (less ln some sLaLes)
h) kobbery
l) Larceny +
ll) 1aklng from person or presence
lll) 1aklng by means of force of vlolence (or puLLlng vlcLlm ln fear of)
lv) More Modern 1hefL wlLh vlolence
|) US v Lake (3
rd
C|rcu|t court)
|) Car[ack|ng 1had lnLenL Lo cause deaLh or serlous bodlly harm 2Look a moLor vehlcle 3
LhaL had been LransporLed shlpped or recelved ln lnLersLaLe or forelgn commerce 4from
Lhe person or presence of anoLher 3by force and vlolence or by lnLlmldaLlon
||) Car[acklng was creaLed Lo combaL Lhe vlolence and poLenLlal for ln[ury LhaL occurs ln a LhefL
of a car ln Callfornla you don'L even need Lo sLeal from Lhe drlver
|||) Where v's fear of harm conLlnued afLer keys are Laken Lhen Lhe Laklng ls from Lhe 'person
or presence' as long as w/o Lhe fear Lhe vlcLlm mlghL have been able Lo caLch up
(1) ln a Car[acklng slLuaLlon Argue ossesslon
(a) Alear prevenLed my cllenL from belng ln Lhe presence of Lhe crlme
(b) roxlmlLy of vlcLlm Lo Lhe robber was Loo far away Lo proLecL Lhe vlcLlm from
vlolence LhaL Lhe sLaLuLe ls deslgned Lo proLecL
|v) Ask Lhe quesLlon Could Lhe vlcLlm make a reasonably bellevable aLLempL Lo pursue Lhe "
[) 8urg|ary
|) LlemenLs


(1) LnLers
(2) 8emalns
(3) WlLh lnLenL Lo commlL any crlme Lhereln
||) In the Matter of 1I
(1) SCL 22322 Any person who enLers or remalns ln an occupled sLrucLure wlLh lnLenL
Lo commlL any crlme Lhereln
(2) lf you have an lnvlLed member of Lhe publlc Lhen lawful when enLerlng Lhe sLore
Lherefore noL burglary (shopllfLlng)
(3) lf plannlng Lhe robbery upon enLry noL a lawful enLry of Lhe sLore
k) kece|v|ng Sto|en roperty
l) 8ecelvlng
(1) Acqulrlng ossesslon
(a) lnLenLlonal conLrol and domlnlon
(b) SLaLe of mlnd (some conducL)
(c) Aware of conLrol
(d) AblllLy Lo affecL for a span of Llme
(e) Can be [olnL or shared
(l) A common mlsslon
ll) State v McCoy (NI 1989)
(1) n!SA 2C207a A person ls gullLy of LhefL lf he knowlngly recelves or brlngs lnLo Lhls
SLaLe movable properLy of anoLher knowlng LhaL lL has been sLolen or bellevlng LhaL lL ls
probably sLolen
(2) lnslde Lhe Car
(a) know drlver know car ls sLolen rldlng around for en[oymenL
(3) CuLslde Car
(a) needs more Lhan lnslde car buL capaclLy Lo conLrol and lnLenL Lo conLrol (run from
pollce/unload maLerlals)
(4) SLolen roperLy
lll) knowlng/havlng reasonable bellef of sLolen
(1) Supreme CourLknowlng drlver/know lLs sLolen (lnslde car)
(2) CuLslde CarcapaclLy/lnLenL Lo conLrol can be consLrued from acLlonsrunnlng from
cops/unloadlng maLerlals
lv) lnLenL Lo deprlve owner (noL all sLaLuLes)
(1) MCprosecuLor musL prove LhaL dld noL possess Lhe lnLenL Lo resLore Lhe properLy
(2)
|) kobbery
(1) 11aklng"Lrespassory Laklng from possesslon of owner used Lo be abouL llLerally
Laklng caLLle by Lrespasslng on Lhe land
(2) 2Carrylng AwaysomeLlmes called Lhe AsplraLlon requlremenL"used Lo be llLerally
be movlng buL now lL doesn'L really maLLer
(3) 3 lrom Lhe possesslon of anoLherln Lhls case Lhe owner
(a) AClalm consLrucLlve possesslon or acLual possesslon


(b) Mere cusLody
(4) 4 roperLy of anoLher (wlLhouL consenL of owner)
(3) 3 WlLh lnLenL Lo permanenLly deprlve Lhe owner of Lhe properLy
(a) Clalm of 8lghL" efense
(b) AALLack Lhe credlblllLy of
(6) 1aklng from person's presence
(7) 8y means of force or by puLLlng vlcLlm ln fear of vlolence
||) Car[ack|ng
(1) had lnLenL Lo cause deaLh or serlous bodlly harm
(2) Look a moLor vehlcle
(3) LhaL had been LransporLed shlpped or recelved ln lnLersLaLe or forelgn commerce
(4) from Lhe person or presence of anoLher
(a) roperLy ls ln Lhe presence of a person lf lL ls 'so wlLhln hls reach observaLlon or
conLrol LhaL he could lf noL overcome by vlolence or prevenLed by fear reLaln hls
possesslon of lL"
(b) When looklng aL possesslon look aL Lhe lnLenL of Lhe law ln Lhls case Lhe Lype of
harm LhaL car[acklng ls supposed Lo prohlblL
(c) MC goL rld of lL
(S) by force and vlolence or by lnLlmldaLlon
m) 8urg|ary
l) Crlglnally
(1) breaklng and enLerlng
(2) of a dwelllng
(3) aL nlghL
(4) lnLenL Lo creaLe a felony
||) SLaLuLe Law re1!L
(1) Any person who enLers or remalns
(2) ln an occupled sLrucLure
(3) lnLenL Lo commlL any crlme Lhereln
|||) CourL eclslon osL1!L
(1) Any person who enLers or remalns
(a) 8emalns changed Lo 'unlawfully remalns' wlLhouL auLhorlLy"
(2) ln an occupled sLrucLure
(3) lnLenL Lo commlL any crlme Lhereln
(a) lnLenL modlfled Lo be upon enLry
|v) 1989 SLaLuLe Law
(1) LnLers an occupled sLrucLure wlLh lnLenL Lo commlL any crlme
(2) CLher Lhan LhaL of shopllfLlng
(3) Cr who remalns ln an occupled sLrucLure afLer formlng Lhe lnLenL Lo commlL any oLher
crlme oLher Lhan shopllfLlng
v) 2003 SLaLuLe Law
(1) Any person who enLers or remalns


(2) ln an occupled sLrucLure
(3) WlLh lnLenL Lo commlL any crlme
(4) unless Lhe premlses are open Lo Lhe publlc
(a) Allows shopllfLlng
(S) Cr lf person ls llcensed Lo be Lhere
2) ChapLer 2 8aLLery/AssaulL
a) 8attery
l) Cffenslve 1ouchlng 8aLLery (C18)
(1) MenLal SLaLe knowlngly or urposely
(a) Crlmlnal negllgence ls sufflclenLno need Lo know Lhere ls a danger
(l) resumpLlon of 'foollsh rlsk'
(ll) naLural and probable consequences
(2) AcL 1ouchlng Cffenslvely
ll) 8odlly ln[ury 8aLLery
b) MC Menta| States
|) urpose|y
(1) Pad consclous declslon Lo engage ln conducL and
(2) Pe ls aware of Lhe clrcumsLances or belleve or hopes Lhey exlsL
||) know|ng|y
(1) Aware of Lhe naLure of hls conducL and
(2) Aware LhaL lL ls pracLlcally cerLaln LhaL hls conducL wlll cause resulL (Wlll)
|||) keck|essness
(1) Consclous (wlllful) dlsregard of rlsk
(2) Cross devlaLlon from sLandard of conducL
|v) Neg||gence
(1) noL aware of Lhe rlsk buL you should be
c) ffens|ve 1ouch|ng 8attery
l) lnLenL
(1) lnLenL can be consLrued from acLlons buL Lhose acLlons musL have a common
knowledge of repercusslons
(2) 8eckless/negllgenL/purposeful
ll) 1o Louch
(1) ConsLrued llberally lasers
lll) Cffenslvely
lv) dams v State (V 1999)CL case
(1) vAC18 ls a mlnorlLy ln mosL sLaLes
(a) no menLlon of lnLenL for Cffenslve 1ouchlng 8aLLery
(l) 8ecklessly or negllgenLly
(b) 8odlly ln[ury any lmpalrmenL of physlcal condlLlon or any devlaLlon from normal
healLh
(2) ollcy 8reach Cf eace (8C) and roLecL lgnlLy
d) 8od||y In[ury 8attery


l) lnLenL Lo cause 8odlly ln[ury
ll) 8odlly ln[ury occurred
(1) 8odlly ln[uryany devlaLlon from normal healLh
lll) Gordon v State
e) ggravated 8od||y In[ury
l) 1 urposely knowlngly or recklessly cause boJlly lojoty
2 negllgenLly causes bodlly ln[ury Lo anoLher wlLh a deadly weapon
3 causes serlous bodlly ln[ury Lo anoLher purposely knowlngly or recklessly under
clrcumsLances manlfesLlng exLreme lndlfference Lo Lhelr value of human llfe
4 purposely or knowlngly causes bodlly ln[ury wlLh a deadly weapon
f) Defenses aga|nst
l) MC 211(2)(b)consenL ls allowed when Lhe conducL and Lhe ln[ury are reasonable
foreseeable hazards of [olnL parLlclpaLlon ln a lawful aLhleLlc conLesL or compeLlLlve sporL"
g) posure to L|fe 1hreaten|ng D|seases
l) SLaLuLory lfferences
ll) MenLal SLaLe
(1) MosLknowlngly lnLenL Lo expose (MC dld away wlLh lnLenL)
(2) Someknow LhaL you are lnfecLed
lll) AcL
(1) MosLLxposure of bodlly lluld/ wlLh slgnlflcanL rlsk Lo Plv
(2) SomeSodomy/lnLercourse
3) ssau|t
ALLempLed 8aLL AssaulL 1ravellng 1hrough 1lme
16001770 (ttempted
8attery)
8reach of eace (Cld
baLLery Concern)
1770's1900 (?slas Call
1863) (Penson clLlng
WhlLe 1872)
19001962 MC (Penson
Mass 1970)
1 AssaulL ALLempLed 8aLL
2 AssaulL lrlghLenlng
1962resenL (8lley 1982
MC) Ir|ghten|ng ssau|t
1) urpose Lo compleLe
baLLery
2) ConducLroxlmlLy
3) resenL/AcLual ablllLy
Lo commlL baLLery (lf
unloaded gun would be
free)
ConvenLlonal 3 LlemenLs
+ 1orLs AssaulL"
2 ConducLhow a vlcLlm
would feel (lnduce a
person of ordlnary
flrmness Lo belleve) noL
[usL danger vlcLlm lear
proxy for roxlmlnLy"
new Parm lrlghLenlng
A vlcLlm"
3 resenL AblllLy
ApparenL ablllLy (blanks
or noL)
Pow do you geL 2
assaulLs"?
All courLs have Lo go on ls
SLaLuLes Codlfy AssaulL"
As ALL 8aLL Ass" buL due
Lo llmlLaLlons 1he CourLs
creaLe lrlghL Ass from
1orL AssaulL
1) ALLempL (lnLenL Lo
frlghLen) by
2) hyslcal Menace
3) uL ln lear
4) Serlous lmmlnenL
8odlly ln[ury (lmmlnenL
bodlly ln[ury)
1 Pow hard Lo flgure
dangerous"?
2MenLal sLaLe ls hard Lo
flnd (AssaulL esp)



3Pow close ls Loo close?
Pard Lo esLabllsh 'ablllLy'
Lo compleLe

need for menLal sLaLe
proof" drlves demands

a) ttempted 8attery ssau|t
l) eop|e v s|as 1863
(a) lnLenL 1o sLrlke vlcLlm
(l) lnLenL Lo klll (lncreases penalLy)
(b) vlcLlm Lhlnks he needs Lo moveproxlmlLy enough
(c) resenL/AcLual AblllLy Lo commlL baLLery
ll) Commonwea|th v nenson mass 1970
(1) ApparenL ablllLy ob[ecLlve ablllLy
b) Ir|ghten|ng ssau|t
l) Meanaclng LhreaL of ln[ury C8
(1) ConducL LhaL could lnduce reasonable person Lo apprehend perll
ll) lnLenL Lo lrlghLen
lll) ApparenL/AcLual AblllLy Lo ln[ure
c) State v k||ey vermonL Supreme CourL 1982
l) no proof needed LhaL vlcLlm was acLually ln fear
ll) ApparenL ablllLy ls sub[ecLlve Lo vlcLlm
4) Sta|k|ng
a) LlemenLs
l) aLLern
ll) CommunlcaLlon wlLh Lhe vlcLlm (phone mall fax emall and lnLerneL)
(1) lollowlng/leavlng lLems/approachlng
lll) 1hreaL Lo personal safeLy
lv) erson musL be placed ln fear
(1) lear for healLh can be lnferred from 's conducL
b) State v S|mone new Pampshlre supreme 2003
l) Looklng emoLlonal unsLablecan lead Lo vlolence
ll) ConsLanL Callsdeslre for physlcal encounLerfear for vlolence
3) Domest|c V|o|ence
a) lnvenLed because lack of baLLery/assaulL cases were noL golng Lo courL
6) Vo|untary Mans|aughterCL
a) LlemenLs
l) normally 2
nd
egree (lnLenLlonally/knowlngly murdered)
ll) Sudden asslon
(a) Walklng ls shown Lo negaLe Lhe passlon" or Lhe cool off Llme" (SLaLe v CorneLL)
lll) Arlslng from rovocaLlon
(1) oklng/Swlnglng (SLaLe v lears)


(2) 1hreaLs w knlfe (SLaLe v newLon)
(3) 1houghL of gun (SLaLe v 8edmond)
lv) 8easonable erson SLandard
v) WlLh no coollng Llme
7) Vo|untary Mans|aughterMC
l) normally 2
nd
egree (lnLenLlonally/knowlngly murdered)
ll) 8uL LL (LxLreme LmoLlonal lsLress)
(1) Sudden asslon
(a) Walklng ls shown Lo negaLe Lhe passlon" or Lhe cool off Llme" (SLaLe v CorneLL)
(2) Arlslng from rovocaLlon
(a) 8easonable person sLandard
(b) 8emoved 'cooloff Llme'
(3) LL defense used by defense rosecuLor cannoL ask for lL
(a) Cuarrel (anger) + lear (see below)
(l) oklng/Swlnglng ( SLaLe v lears)
(ll) 1hreaLs/knlfe (SLaLe v newlon)
(lll)1houghL of gun (sLaLe v 8edmond)
(b) Seelng adulLery
8) lnvolunLary ManslaughLerCCL
a) epraved PearL Murderwlcked and MallgnanL"
l) 1hrowlng logs off a bulldlng/leLLlng a Llger ouL/seLLlng a bomb off ln a Lraln sLaLlon
b) lndlfference Lo soclal duLy
c) MenLal SLaLerecklessness
9) LxLreme lndlfference MurderMC
a) LlvCPL
l) Consclous dlsregard of
ll) SubsLanLlal rlsk
lll) 8esulLlng from hls conducL
lv) Cross devlaLlon of conducL
b) ollcyAnLlsoclal (rag 8aclng 8usslan 8ouleLLe) exLreme relsk Laklng
l) Consldered a crlme agalnsL sLaLeconsenL lrrelevanL
ll)
c) SLaLe v 8urley shooLs exwlfe whlle 'playlng' wlLh gun whlle drunk
l) Pe knew hls gun was loaded knew hls wlfe was ln Lhe klLchen and knew how Lo use a gun