Stoichiometry

Welcome to the wonderful world of stoichiometry. This is where the math that we’ve
learned collides with all the chemistry that we’ve learned. Stoichiometry is considered
difficult not because any one component of a stoichiometry problem is itself very hard,
but because it ties together all that we have learned up to this point. All of the following
skills will be brought together in stoichiometry:

1) Properly charge balancing ionic compounds

a. Example) Iron (III) Sulfate = Fe2(SO4)3 not FeSO4
2) Knowledge of the activity series
a. Example) Cl replaces Br but not F etc.
3) Properly balancing chemical equations
a. Example) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3 Ba(OH)2  2 Fe(OH)3 + 3 Ba(SO4)3
4) Calculating molar mass of a molecule
a. Fe2(SO4)3 = 2*55.85 + 3*32.07 + 12*16 = 399.91 g/mol
5) Converting between grams and moles (and vice versa)
a. 5 mole of Fe2(SO4)3 = 399.91g/mol * 5 mol = 1999.55 g
1mol
b. 1 kg of Fe2(SO4)3 = 1000 g * = 2.5mol
399.91g

Today, we’re going to add one more skill. We’re going to learn create a mole ratio. A
mole ratio is no different than any other ratio. Ratio example:

1) A 2 meter tall post leaves a shadow of 5 feet. How tall is a tree that leaves a
shadow of 45 feet?
To solve this problem you must set up and solve the ratio below:
2 x
=
5 45
Note: All information regarding the post and its shadow is on the left. All the
information about the shadows is on the bottom. x = 18

2) Here’s how you do it for a mole ratio:

Balanced equation: Fe2(SO4)3 + 3 Ba(OH)2  2 Fe(OH)3 + 3 Ba(SO4)3
Given: 5 moles of Fe2(SO4)3
Unknown: Moles of Ba(SO4)3
5 x 3 x 1 5
Ratio  = → or → = → or → =
1 3 1 5 3 x
Note: In the first ratio, all information about the left side of the equation is on the left
side of the equal sign. All information from the balanced equation is on the bottom. x
Note: In the second and third ratios, the 3:1 ration between iron sulfate and barium
hydroxide are on the same side of the equation. All three ratios are correct.
 Now we practice
For each of the following equations you will be given a balanced chemical equation,
and # of moles of one reactant or product. You will be asked to solve for the number
of moles of a reactant or product that is unknown.

1) Given the equation below, how many moles of O2 would be produced by

decomposing 10 moles of HgO?
2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
2) Given the equation below, how many moles of O2 would be if 7 moles of sulfur
were produced in the same reaction?
2SO(s) 2S(s) + O2(g)

3) Given the equation below, how many moles of O2 would be produced by

decomposing 3 moles of Ba(ClO3)2?
Ba(ClO3)2(s) BaCl2(s) + 3O2(g)

4) Given the equation below, how many moles of MgO would be produced if 17
moles of Mg were reacted with oxygen?
2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s)
5) Given the equation below, how many moles of Ca(OH)2 would be produced if 68
moles of water were reacted with calcium?
Ca(s) + 2 H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(s) + H2(g)

6) Given the equation below, how many moles of water would be produced if .5
moles of sulfuric acid were reacted with potassium hydroxide?
2 KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  K2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
7) Given the reaction below, how many moles of water and how many moles of
carbon dioxide would be produced if 12 moles of ethane (C2H6) were combusted?
2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g)
8) Given the reaction below, how many moles of water and how many moles of
carbon dioxide would be produced if 50 moles of ethanol (C2H5OH) were
combusted?
C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g)

9) Given the reaction below, how many moles of water would be produced if 3 moles
of nitrogen were produced? It’s not that hard, just set up the ratio and solve it.
read the problem (NH4)2Cr2O7(s)  Cr2O3(s) + N2(g) + 4H2O(l)read the problem