1

STPM Trial 2008 Chemistry Paper 2

Marking Scheme

Q Answer Mark _
1(a) (i)

5s 5p 5d


Iour single electrons to Iorm Iour
covalent bonds



1

(ii) two lone pairs 1


(iii) six electron pairs 1


(iv) F F


Xe (square planar)


F F


1

(v)
XeF
2

XeF
6

Any one
1



5
1(b) (i) Rate |PH
3
|
1

(ii)
t
1/2
ln 2
k
OR
k 0.693
35.0

0.0198 s
-1





1


1

(iii)
ln C -kt ln C
0


ln 5 - 0.0198t ln 100
or
t 151.3 s

1


1





5
10


2
Q Answer Mark _
2(a) (i) The equilibrium is shiIted to the right / Iorward
The amount oI CO in the mixture is increased
1
1

2
(ii) The position oI equilibrium will be shiIted to the leIt / backwards
The amount oI CO in the mixture is decreased
1
1

2
2(b) P
CO
P
H2
183 kPa

K
p
P
H2
x P
CO

P
H2O

( 183kPa ) x (183 kPa)
(90.0 kPa)
Or

372 kPa


1



1








2
2(c) (i)
Acids : C
6
H
5
OH
CH
3
COOH

1
1


2
(ii)
CH
3
COOH is stronger acid than C
6
H
5
OH

The position oI equilibrium is very much to the right because oI the very
large K
c
value.
Or
The proportions / concentrations oI C
6
H
5
OH and CH
3
COO
-
are very much
greater than C
6
H
5
O
-
and CH
3
COOH


1



1








2
10


Q Answer Mark _
3(a) (i) The intermolecular Iorces between the tetrachlorides molecules are the
weak Van der Waals Iorces.
1
1
(ii) PbCl
4
1 1
(iii) PbCl
4
1 1
(iv) PbCl
4
PbCl
2
Cl
2
1 1
(v)
Cause global warming OR
Cause depletion oI the ozone layer.

1

1
3(b) (i) 4
-
O

O Si O (Show valence electrons Ior all atoms)

O

109.5
o




1



1







2
3
(ii) Two 1
(iii) SiO
3
2-
1
(iv) SiO
2
1

Q Answer Mark _
4(a) Reagents :Adding 1-iodopropane to excess magnesium in ether
solvent
Conditions : Room temperature
ether
Equation : CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
I Mg CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
MgI

1
1

1



3
(b) Ethanol
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
I KCN CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CN KI
Heat

CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CN 2H
2
O H

CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH NH
4

Heat



1


1





2
(c) (i) 2,4,6 trinitrophenol
NO
2


O
2
N OH


NO
2

1


1





2
(ii) electrophilic substitution

1 1
(d) The benzene ring is an electron withdrawing group
that weakens the O-H bond in phenol.
or
CH
3
CH
2
- is an electron donating group
that strenghten the O-H bond
or
delocalisation oI electron into the benzene ring
stabilises the C
6
H
5
-O
-
ion
or
CH
3
CH
2
- group is electron donating group
destabilises the C
2
H
5
-O
-
ion

1
1













2
10






4

Q Answer Mark _
5(a)
| Fe
3
e Fe
2
E
0
0.77 V ; I
2
e I
-
E
0
0.54 V|
(i) 2Fe
3
2e 2Fe
2

E
0
0.77 V b
2I
-
I
2
2e E
0
- 0.54 V
2I
-
2Fe
3
I
2
2Fe
2
E
cell
0.23 V b b
Since E
cell
is positive, it is a spontaneous reaction / reaction will takes
place. b

|Ag

e Ag E
0
0.80 V Fe
3
3e Fe E
0
- 0.04 V|
(ii) 3Ag 3Ag

3e E
0
- 0.80 V } b
Fe
3
3e Fe E
0
- 0.04 V }
E
cell
- 0.76 V }
Since E
cell
is negative, it is a non-spontaneous reaction }




1

1 1

1



1


1
















6
(b) Ag

(aq) e Ag (s)
108 g requires 1F 96500 C
0.60 g requires 0.60 x 96500 C
108
0.60 x 96500 C 0.25 x t
108
t 2144 s 35.74 min 35 min 44 s



1

1

1







3
(c) (i)
Energy / kJ



Ca
2
(g) F
2
(g)

Ca
2
(g) 2 F
-
(g)
Ca

(g) F
2
(g)

Ca(g) F
2
(g)


Ca(s) F
2
(g)


Ca
2
F
2
-
(g)




















4


















4
Ca
2
(g) 2F(g)

1. Atomization oI Ca &
ionization oI Ca
2. Atomisation oI F and
electron aIIinity oI F
3. Iormation & lattice
energy oI CaF
2

4. correct energy circle
5

(ii)
- 1220 kJ 178 kJ 590 kJ 1150 kJ 2(158 kJ) 2(-328 kJ)
LE b
L.E -1220 178 590 1150 - 2(158) 656 kJ
- 2798 kJ mol
-1
b



1

1





2
15

Q Answer Mark _
6(a)

1.
Electronic conIiguration oI carbon atom in its ground state is 1s
2

2s
2
2p
x
1
2p
y
1
2. One electron Irom the 2s orbital is promoted to the empty 2p
z

orbital.
3. The one 2s orbital and the three 2p orbitals hybridise to Iorm Iour
new equivalent sp
3
hybrids.
4. One oI the sp
3
hybrids oI the carbon atom overlaps with the 1s
orbital oI the hydrogen atom and the other three sp
3
hybrids
overlap with the 2p orbital oI three Iluorine atoms.
5. Draw the diagram showing the overlapping oI orbitals.
6. |Diagram to show s orbital oI H, p orbital oI F, tetrahedral shape oI
the molecules|










1

1

1


1
1
1













6
(b) 1. CCl
4
molecule is non-polar

2. Chlorine atom is more electronegative than carbon atom. The pairs oI
bonding covalent electrons are attracted more to the chlorine atom.
Or
3. Chlorine atoms thus possess a partial negative charge while carbon
atom possesses a partial positive charge.

4. However, because the shape oI the molecule is symmetrical,
5. There is a cancellation oI dipole moment / the net dipole moment is
zero.

1



1



1
1











4
(c) 1. The Iirst ionisation energy increases on moving Irom leIt to right oI
Period 3
2. because the atomic size oI the elements decreases and


1
1





6
3. the eIIective nuclear charge increases
Or nucleus charge increases but screening eIIect remains almost constant
4. The Iirst ionisation energy oI Mg is higher than Al because the outer 3s
orbital is Iilled with paired electrons / the Iirst ionization energy oI Al
lower than Mg because the 3p electron is Iurther away.
5. The Iirst ionisation energy oI P is higher than S because the outer 3p
orbital is halI-Iilled with electrons. / the Iirst ionization oI S is lower than P
because repulsion between the paired electrons in the 3p orbital.

1

1



1







5

15


Q Answer Mark _
7(a) (i)Presence oI an impervious oxide layer on metal surIace protects the
aluminium Irom attacks by moist air
1
1
(ii) By an electrolytic method to increase the thickness oI the surIace oxide
layer
1
1
(iii)







At anode: 4OH
-
2H
2
O O
2
4e
4Al 3O
2
2Al
2
O
3
Diagram
|1 Ior a electrolytic cell that works
1- Al anode and electrolyte is dilute H
2
SO
4
|



1

1




1












3
(b) Small but highly charged Al
3
cation polarises the O
2-
anion to a
signiIucant extent resulting in the ionic bond have covalent character
Al
2
O
3
2NaOH 3H
2
O 2Na|Al(OH)
4
| - acidic
Al
2
O
3
6H

2 Al
3
3H
2
O
1
1
1
1



4
(c) Triple bonds in N
2
molecules have high bond energy

1
1
(d)
(i) NH
3
(aq) H
2
O(l) NH
4

(aq) OH
-
(aq)

NH
3
is proton acceptor

A coordinate bond Iormed between the lone pair oI electrons on N atom in
NH
3
molecule with H

ion Irom H
2
O to Iorm NH
4

ion.
1

1

1





3
(ii)The ammonium ion, NH
4

undergoes hydrolysis
Or equation NH
4

H
2
O NH
3
H
3
O

1





Dilute H
2
SO
4
(aq)
Al object
(anode)
Pt /C (cathode)
7
The presence oI H
3
O

1 2
15
Q Answer Mark _
8 (a) Group 8 and Period 4

Physical property
1. High melting point
2. Good electrical conductor
Any one oI the above

Chemical property
1. Form complex ions
2. Coloured compounds
3. Exhibit multiple oxidation states.
4. Act as catalyst
Any two oI the above
1 1



1


1















4
b) i) A phase diagram is a graphical representation oI the conditions oI
temperature and pressure at which a substance can exist as a single phase
or as two or more phases in equilibrium.


1



1

ii)




1 1














































1. correct
shape
2. correct
labels
8









1 1












4







iii) Water
1. Below triple point
Water vapour to ais/solid and then ais/solid to liquid
2. At the triple point,
Water vapour to liquid
3. Above triple point
Water vapour to liquid



1

1

1







3
(iv) 1. Decreasing pressure at constant temperature below triple.
2. Increasing temperature at constant pressure
3 & 4. Show correct pathways.
1
1
1 1

15














1. correct
shape
2. correct
labels

9


Q Answer Mark _
9(a) (i)
: PCl
5
/ PCl
3
/ SOCl
2


: Ammonia/NH
3

1

1



2
O O
, , , ,
(ii) Amide, H
2
N- C- CH
2
CH
2
-C-NH
2




1
1



2
(iii) Reduction 1 1
(iv) Condensation polymerization
O O H H
, , , , , ,
-C-CH
2
CH
2
-C N -CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
-N- OR

H H O O
, , , , , ,
-N - CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
N - C-CH
2
CH
2
-C

1




1








2
(b) (i) C H O
by mass 40.0 6.7 53.3
No. oI mole 40.0 6.7 53.3
12 1 16
Molar ratio 1 2 1

Empirical Iormula is CH
2
O





1

1







2
(ii)
1. it contains chiral carbon atom

2. it contains -COOH group

3. it contains CH
3
-CH-OH or /carbonyl that contain CH
3
-CO


1

1

1






3
(iii) A is C
3
H
6
O
3
,

O- H
,
CH
3
C C O H
, , ,
H O
2-hydroxypropanoic acid

1



1


1








3
15
10


Q Answer Mark _
10(a) (12.0 x 7 1.0 x 6) n 180
n 2
Molecular Iormula C
14
H
12
1

1




2
(b) (i) Structural Iormula oI W

and H
C C C C
H H H
cis trans

Structure oI X H
C C
H


Structure oI Y
H H
, ,
C C
, ,
H Br

Structure oI Z
H
,
H C C
, ,
H Br

Structural Iormula Ior enantiomers oI Y



C C
Br Br
CH
2
CH
2

H H





1 1





1






1






1








1 1



































7
(c) i) Red precipitate
Equation:
1



11
CHO COO

, ,
CH
3
C O Cu
2
OH

CH
3
C O Cu
2
O H
2
O


1



2
ii) orange to green
Equation:
CHO COOH
, ,
CH
3
C O |O| CH
3
C O

1



1






2
iii) yellow precipitate CHI
3

Equation:
CHO
,
CH
3
C O

I
2
OH
-
CHI
3
COO
-
I
-
H
2
O
,
COO
-
1



1







2
15