BSC 2010 Review Sheet Chapter 10 Summer 2011 Photosynthesis Answer the following questions as completely as possible, referring

g to your class notes and textbook. They are designed to help you process and review course material. Questions on quizzes and exams will also deal with these topics, but will be specific and in a M/C and T/F format. Quiz and exam questions may not be limited to the topics covered here. 1. Define the terms autotroph and heterotroph. Identify to which group each of the following organisms (from the lab course) belong: onion, Elodea, potatoes, yeast, cyanobacteria, lactobacillus, Paramecia, Amoebae, Euglena, rotifers, and humans. 2. Write the summary equation for the process of photosynthesis. Indicate which reactant becomes oxidized and which reactant becomes reduced. Explain how each reactant is imported into a leaf, and how each product is exported from the leaf. 3. Name the three membranes and the three aqueous compartments found in a chloroplast. In which membrane are the enzymes of the light reactions embedded? In which compartment are the enzymes of the Calvin Cycle found? Indicate where in photosynthesisthe light reactions or the Calvin Cycleeach reactant is consumed and each product is produced. 4. What two products are made by the light reactions for use in the Calvin Cycle? (See Fig. 10.5) 5. What is the original source of electrons for the manufacture of sugar? What byproduct is created when electrons are stripped away? With what energy are the electrons excited? 6. Which coenzyme carries electrons in photosynthesis? How is it similar and different from NAD+? Where in photosynthesisthe light reactions or the Calvin Cycleis the coenzyme reduced? Where is it oxidized? 7. Why are several different pigments used in photosystems? What is the main pigment used? 8. According to the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll, which wavelengths/colors of visible light does it absorb? Which wavelengths are reflected and transmitted? 9. What are the three parts of a photosystem, and how do they function together to harvest light? Identify the first redox reaction of photosynthesis.

10. Describe the steps of the light reactions, as presented in lecture. I am not so interested in the step numbers, but that you understand WHAT happens and why. Summarize the path energy takes from entering the light reactions as a photon to moving onward as energized electrons. 11. Explain how ATP is made by photophosphorylation, (FROM what reactants, and WITH what energy source) and where in chloroplasts it occurs. Where is this ATP USED?

12. What are the three phases of the Calvin Cycle, and what does each accomplish? In which decade did Melvin Calvin, Andrew Benson, and colleagues
work out the cycle (a.k.a. the Calvin-Benson Cycle)? When did Calvin receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? (He is going to appear on the Forever Stamp!)

13. Explain what carbon fixation is. Why is it important for both animal and plant life? 14. How many CO2 molecules are consumed in one cycle of the Calvin Cycle? How many CO2 must enter the cycle to produce one molecule of the sugar product of the cycle? How many cycles would be required for a leaf cell to make one molecule of glucose from this sugar product? Name the sugar product of photosynthesis. 15. Review where electrons come FROM and where they END UP in cellular respiration and in photosynthesis. In which process do electrons LOSE potential energy and in which do they GAIN it?