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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN piEGO

3 1822 01898 3668

fHE UNIVEf?5;iTY LlRRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. SAN CIEGO LA JOLLA. CALIFORNIA

Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive

in

2008

witii

funding from

IVIicrosoft

Corporation

littp://www.arcliive.org/details/egyptianselftaugOOtliim

EGYPTFAN COINAGE.
SILVEE.

Piastres, T.

10 riASTKt.H, Tariff.

Piastre, T.

NICKEL.

Rlll.I.U-MK.

II.I.IKMES.

[P.O. 619H.]

[See p.

80.]

MARLBOROUGH'S

SELF-TAUGHT

SERIES.

Egyptian Self-Taught
(ARABIC).
CONTAINING

Alphabet and Pronunciation Vocabularies Elementary Grammar Idiomatic Phrases & Conversations Travel Talk Money, Weights and Measures.

BY

CAPTAIN

C.

A.

THIMM.

Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged by

MAJOR

R.

A.

MARRIOTT,

D.S.O.

London
E.

MARLBOROUGH &

CO.,
1914.

51,

Old

Bailey,

E.C

[all rights reserved.]

NOTE TO THIRD EDITION.

It has

been the fashion since the occupation of Egypt

to

speak

slightingly of the colloquial form of Arabic in use there.

This

is

partly because,

as

is

the case in every country, the

commoner forms of speech seem uncouth and unclassical to students who have learnt their Arabic either in universities, from
viunshis in India, or from Syrians (who are frequently in Egypt
the professed instructors).

The basis of the common speech is, however, classical, though not directly recognisable as such. The fact that some of the words have not been encountered in the comparatively scanty literature of the Arabs, nor in the Koran, does not preclude them from being Arabic, though the forms of speech may not rank higher than such
English forms as shan't,
ain't,

and Tve.

Take, for instance, the word so often heard balldsh, gratis (used This is the often where "gratis" is scarcely the trahslation).

Egyptian form
negative
is

of bila shcy,

via shcy, like the ne

and pas

without anything; and mush (not) is in French, though the proper

ind, Id, or leyss.

The Egyptian language has

also the characteristic of using

many
;

words in their diminutive form. Thus md, water, becomes moyyah saghir, small, saghayijar, hence also the form sliutudyyah which again is scarcely recognisable in the expression bi shtveysh meaning slowly. Further, letters are sometimes transposed zog, a pair, becomes guz yiVan becomes yin'al, the most common expletive in " May your father be cursed" use, in the form yin'al abuk !
: ; 1

Some

scholars are of opinion that the Egyptian Arabic, showing

is is

kinship with the Aramaic,

pedigree of the langua.ge as

entitled to as high a place in the

the language of the Koran.

Everyone of standing or education in Egypt speaks with a superstructure of good Arabic, so that a student of the language may rest assured that as he advances in knowledge of the expressions and words used amongst the educated natives he i?
learning Arabic which will stand

him

in good stead elsewliere.

R.
CUelintiford, Iy07,

A.

MARRIOTT.

PREFACE.
intended as a practical handbook of spoken in Egypt, for the Army and Navy, Travellers, Missionaries and Traders, in the Nile Valley and Delta, or in the Sudan.
little

THIS

manual

is

colloquial Arabic, as

By the use of this book, students, tourists and others will find they are quite competent to make themselves understood by all classes of Arabs met with in Egypt, the Sudan, and a considerable
part of North Africa.

Full Vocabularies of words in

plied,

common, every-day use

are sup-

comprehensive list of Military terms and a useful section of Conversational Phrases and Sentences of a practical character. In addition an outline of the Grammar of Arabic is given, and students of the Language will find this of great assistance in mastering the construction of sentences.
including

particularly

In the Vocabularies the plural has in most cases been added

occasionally presents diificulties.

to

the nouns, as well as the imperative of the verbs, which also

character,

The system of transliteration adopted is of a simple and phonetic and is clearly laid down at the commencement of the book, where the forms of the Arabic. characters are given, together

with a full explanation of the peculiarities of pronunciation, the Egyptian rendering of the Arabic alphabet, and the equivalent sound of each letter in English thus supplying the key to the second column throughout.

proofs,

Thanks are due to Professor Flinders Petrie for revising the and to Sir Alfred Milner, K.C.B., Dr. Andrew Watson, Captain H. C. Prichard, Mr. D. A. Cameron and others for useful suggestions made.

CONTENTS.
PAGE

The Alphabet
The Forms of the Letters Remarks on the Pronunciation
Vocabularies.
of Arabic
... ... ...

6 8 14 34 59 31 21 16 45 22 18 19 20 16 46 47 32

Pages 12 to 60. Animals, Birds and Fishes Colours Commercial and Trading Terms ... ... ... Countries and Nations ... Eating and Cooking Utensils Fruits, Trees, Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables Government Ministries and Administrations House and Furniture ... ... ... ... Mankind: Relations Dress

...

...

...

...

Pood and Drink

Human
Numbers:

Body, The

Militan-y Titles

Naval and Military Terms

Cardinal, Collective...
...
...

...

...

Parts of Speech: Adjectives, Adverbs,

Conjunctions, 34 to 45 Interrogatives, Prepositions, Pronour^s, Verbs ... 24 Professions and Trades 60 Religious Words for Missionary \Yorkers 15 ... ... ... ... Reptiles and Insects 25 Ships and Shipping 28 Shooting Implements and Fishing Tackle 29 Time and Seasons 23 ... ... ... ... ... ... Town and Country 26 Travelling 12 World and its Elements, The 13 Land and Water Minerals and Metals 27 Writing
etc..
;

The Grammar of Arabic Pages

Remarks
of
:

The Verb Auxiliary Verbs General Formation Tenses Pronoun Formation of Plurals Definite Article Negative Adjective Polite Diction. Conversations. Pages 67 to 79.
;

61 to 66.

Directions to Workmen Travel Talk Arrival

:

..

An Excursion

On

the Nile

The Railway
Simple and Practical Phrases Useful and Necessary Expressions

72 73 76 77 74 68 67 79 80

Weights and Measures Egyptian Money

EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE

(ARABIC).

PHONETIC TRANSLITERATION.
1.

THE ALPHABET.
The Arabic Alphabet
letters, all of
is

composed of the 2S following

like

which are written,

most Eastern Lanleft.

guages,

from the right hand

to the

Each

letter

assumes a different form according to

the beginning, middle or

its

position

at

end of the word.

The following characters are written:1. when totally unconnected with any other
2.

letter.

when

at the

end of a word, or joined only

to the

letter preceding.
3.

when connected with the preceding and following

letters.

4.

when

at the beginning of a

word, or joined only

to

the letter following.

THE FORMS OF THE LETTERS.

When
Name.
unconnected with
other
characters.

When

joined to other letters.

Medial, joined to
Initial,

Final, joined to

preceding
only.

preceding

and
following.

joiued to following only.

Pronunciation in Egypt.

Alif

A A
A
^

Bey
Tey

^
c^ CJ

V^
ViA

They

t^

'J

(Arabic th
or
s)

Gim

c
C
t
<:>

r
e e
tX
tX

rs\

s-

g (Arabic j)

Ha
Kha
Dal
Zal

i^V

s>.

h
kh
d

^\.

Rey
Zeyn
Sin

7 y

> /
LT*
AA
M/

LT LT

Shin

lA
(j^

AWb

sh

Sad

UO
U^

J>D.

^
^

Dhad

c>A

-^

\Ylien joined to othe

'

letters.

When
unconnec-

Name.

ted witli other characters.

Final,

joined to

preceding
only.

Medial, joined to preceding

Initial,

and
following.

joined to following only.

Pronunciation In Egypt.

Tha Zha
'Ain
{or

h
Dha)

h.

k k
A
A
A

J^

h
e t

^ t
d
v^

\b

& h
i

aa

Ghain Fey
Qaf

gh
f

o
O ^d
J
r

(J-

A
s:

'i

q {or g)

Kaf

^JL

^
JL

^
J

Lam
j\Iim

J^

A A

m
D

Nun
Hey
Wilu

'J
s

^
&

h
w, u.

^
(5
\

Yey

^
I

The forms
\

j 6

and

are used as connecting letters.

From J and Lam-Alif are formed^ From j (n) and is, (kh) is formed the
Many

or

lil,

in connection
ii.

ligature

other ligatures are formed, especially in writing.

REMARKS ON THE PRO^'UNCIATION OP ARABIC.

a letter

Where in English we have more than one pronunciation for we are content to leave it so, but the Arabic alphabet
a
different
letter

contains

for

every

sound

in

the

language.
t,

Though Arabic has no j? and

s,

v, it

has two h sounds, two

two
c

two

d,

two

2,

and two k sounds, besides the c and the

(as far as

sounds

which

last are

English

is

concerned) peculiar

to Arabic.

These two are often quoted

;

as the chief difficulties

in mastering the Arabic pronunciation

ears,

but though strange to our

practical

they are soon mastered sufficiently for

real difficulties are

purposes.

The
until

more

subtle,

and very often not recognized

been obtained.

some mastery

of the language has

is

The

c, transcribed 'din,

a sound

which
u,

is

linked with the

vowel-sounds of a (long), ee (English), and

It can be attained

but generally with

the a, and can be distinguished from ^hem, even by a not very

precise ear.

by
in

practice,

and

is

a vowel-sound
throat-

produced far back and down

never imitate the sound at the

the

throat.
it,

Special

muscles must be developed to produce

first

so that a

European can

attempt.

The
which
in

c (ghain)
is

is

much more
in

easily acquired, as it is a

sound

approached very nearly in many European tongues

the
r 'grasseyS' in French,

Northumbrian English,

and

in the

German
'

r.

It requires the muscles of the throat to be in

r.

the

'

gargling

position whilst pronouncing

The
loch,

p- (hlid) represents nearly the

sound

of the Scotch
it is

c/i,

as in

and

of ch in the

German

language.

In Egyptian

rendered
it.

harder by placing the muscles of the throat as in clearing

The

<.

(g'tni) is,

in Egypt,

pronounced as a hard
soft y.

g,

but the

Arab population keep the correct

The
is

*-

(hd)

is

quite as difficult as the 'atn to

'

master.

It
is,

the sound of h in

hard,' emitted with great force,

and

as

a rule,

the last difficulty to be overcome, because the importance

is

of the distinction

not at

first

recogniz<jd.

This ako
'

is

made
it

at

the back of the throat.

In words like suhk,

it

morning/

gives

an extra syllable, and when

'

occurs twice in a word (as sakih,

true,') it presents a great difficulty.

The

('Z''/)

is

peculiar to Arabic, and

is

a throat h which

seems to present some trouble even to Arabic-speaking peojjle, because it is generally rendered by the sound of a hard g, and in
Cairo
like
is

inaudible.

Thus

f^

qoom

('

Get up

')

would sound
lapse of this

'oom in Cairo and goom in the provinces.

Cairo

The

in

adds

considerably to the difficulty of grasping

is

the

words] therefore special attention

q
is

called
is

to

words

in

which

transcribed.

Daqlqali, 'a minute,'

call for

pronounced da-ee-a*
Properly speak-

The
ing
it

(til)

does not
s

much comment.
and
it is is

is

like

an

when
is

lisped,

to

Arabia, as difficult to pronounce as

to

most Arabs, even in a German or Frenchs

man, and consequently

generally given the sound of

it

in official
f.

Arabic, but in colloquial Egyptian

has only the sound of

The subtler distinctions made between the ^^ja, u^, h and H two kinds of s, d, t and z are not very important to a beginner, but as the student advances he will have to make the distinctions,
especially

when he comes

to writing.

It
^j.*,

may

be said that the

Is

difTcrence consists in pronouncing the

t

^,

and

4>

as

s,

d,

and

2 far

back in the throat, ending the sound by the tongue

approaching the palate instead of the front teeth.

To

recapitulate, the alphabet

is

given as

follows,

in

order,

stating only the equivalent sounds with regard to the Egyptian

language.
I

Alif,

most frequently as a
English

in father;

sometimes more like

the u in but.

wJ

Beij, like the

Tei/,

b.
t.

O
*

like the English

As Cairo

is

the capital and the centre of erlucatiou,

tlic

all officials Id

the country pronounce

Qaf similarly.

10

^
^
^
9-

Tltey, like the

English

t.

(See p. 9.)

Glm
it

(gcem), like the English hard g. Among the Arabs is called jeem, and pronounced soft, like g in germ.

Hd.
Klid.

(See

p. 8.)

^
i 3
J

(See

p. 8.)

Dal, like the English

Zdl, like the English
7?e//,

d.
z.

like

English r (or rather rr)

in terror.

j
^_f^

Zci/n,

like the

English

z. s.

Shi (seen), like the English

^
,jo

Shin (sheen), like the English Sad, like the English

-1

sh,

s.

^
y
,

\
{

Dhdd, like the Englisli d. ,^, nuT^ Tha, like .1 the English t.
.

,r,

r
I

(^See p.
'

9.)
'

Ji

D/ia, or ^/ia, like the English

/-.,

z.

"^

p
y^J

Ghdm.
Fcij,

(See p. 8,

and

p.

11 for transcription.)

like the
like a

English /.

^ J J
^
(J
a

hard ^ in the provinces, in Cairo inaudible. (See p. 9.) like the English h. Kdf, Lam, like the English /.
Qdf,
J\Ihn (meem), like the
iV(7)i

English

?.
?i.

(noon),
like the

like the English

7^e(/,
it

becomes a t. are pronounced

When it has two dots over it (t) English h. In Egyptian, words properly ending in * as if it were 5.

Wdu
Yei/,

(woic), has the sound of w, or of oo as in soon, according to circumstances.

o
to

like the

English

y,

and terminally has

also the

sound

of ee in English.

The beginner will do well not to spend too much time in attempting master the various forms of the letters (pp. G, 7) they will be learnt in
;

a practical

way by

trying to read words,

names

of stations, streets, &c.

In order to render the pronunciation as given in these pages and as clear as possible without attempting to distinguish the more delicate inflections of sound, which might serve
as concise

11

only to confuse tlie reader namely, the different kinds of -s d, t, Mui c, the following transcription is given, and should be continually referred to by the learner until he is familiar with it.
a short, a long,
e i

for the
,, ,,

sound
,, ,, ,,

of

?t

in but. in father.

o long, for the

zt

sound
,, ,, ,, ,,
,,

of o hwpole.

a
i

short,

,, ,, ,,
,, .,

n
i

in put. in wine,

short,
short, long,

e in

met.
tit-bit.

long,

00 in soon,
ai in tvain.
oiv in cow.

,, ,,

iu
in

di (or ay),
cif^

,,

ee in meet.

short,
', 'e,
'/,

,,

,,

work.

an

'o,

'aln, 'n, for the different vowel-inflections of the ^ ('belonging to'), saZ^'m (' seventy '), and '// as Ufa

kh for the sound of ch

not nearly so
h
gli,

in loch

soft,

and

is

and German more raucous.

ich,

but

it

is

for

hard

/(.,

as in subh ('morning'), sahlh ('true').

for c (ghdin), as in

Meghagha
which
is

(station south of Caim).

('

comma

following a letter, as in rd,{s

inflection,

head,' or

'

foreman'),

in the pronunciation is exemplified by the between a nice house and an ice house. difference In All other letters given will be pronounced as in English. a few cases the acute accent has been inserted for the accented syllable, ns Iraldhna, 'we wrote.'

represents the hamza The difference voice.

a sort

of catch in the

Notes on the Tonic Accent. -The tonic accent or stress falls naturally on a syllable containing a vow^el marked with along or an
acute accent;
e.g., tdra, f/hordb, inardl;hi,

taldmza, mosl;6wi,
letters

allcih.

It is also indicated

by the duplication of
/*.
;

and by the
felnk'hah,
final, re;

occurrence of the hard

eh'iia,

e.g., iiiakJmd'dah, arhag't/i,

istah'kam.
f.

The
bit'ai.

{'ain),

except in the rare case of

its

being

quiring more

effort to pronounce, also indicates the accent

e.g.,

it

instances where the stress is not specially indicated, e.g., heijtah, quite naturally on the right syllable tarabei/zah, diinanmalt (hey'tah, tarabey'zah, dunan'mah). In other cases, where no vowel in a word is accented, the

In

many

falls

iahrah, maksab,

have equal stress laid on them e.g., i/Jiada, nafas, sanawat d (jamal. The final ah of nouns and adjectives, representing the must from its nature have less stress than the preaspirate it has not been thought ceding syllable in two-syllable words necessary, therefore, to accent such words as labaaJi, uardah.
syllables
;
,
:

Annroachinsi the short

?t

in valuo.

12

VOCABULARIES.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Ii. Lower Egypt.
Plti. Plural.

U. Upper Egypt.
Imp. Imperative.

denotes the preseuce of yey (see page 10) in the Arabic, as does also final i. Thus 'arableh (carriage) when plural becomes 'aralniiut as the yey in such words has more of the sound value of y. The feminine ah becomes at before a vowel, e.g., es sikkat el hadid (the railway).
I

N.B.The

1.

The World and

its

Elements.
Pronunciation.

English.

ArabicPhonetic
Allah
khali q

God
Creator world sky

dunya
sama, gau shems, sems
(l.),

sun

shemsh

(u.)

moon
star
air

qamar nigmah haua

ard

earth

water
fire

moyyah
nar bahr hay wan, plu. haywanat
pill,

sea

animal
cattle

bahayim

nature
light

tab'iah
niir

dark weather

atmah, zalara haua

rih, plu. aryfih

wind
storm
cloud
rain

nau ghaim matar

ico

snow,
hail

telg

tIniDder lightning

bard, galld ra'ad

barq

13
English.
fog-

AnABic.

Phonetic

rroiiuiici;i

heat
cold

shahurah hararah
bard, barid
bahri,
qibli

North South East

shemal

West
whirlwiiiil

sharq gharb zoba'ah

tiyab
zilzilah, phi. zalazil

North-wind earthquake
echpse of the sun echpse of the moon
2.
|

inkisaf

khusuf

Land and Water.

ard
gezlrah, plu. gazayir
gebel,
2^Ztt.

Lahd
island

mountain
valley
river

gibfil

wadi
bahr, plu. bubiir

lake

birkah

water rock

moyyah
sakhrah, plu. sukhui

wave
shore

mogah,

2jZ.

dmwag

garden
reservoir

barr, shati, sahil gineynah, plu. ganayii

mound
the first cataract the second cataract
clay clear water cold water

khazzan kom, plu. kiman shallalah el auwal

shallalah et-tani
tin

hot water
3.

moyyah rayqah moyyah baridah moyyah sukhnah

Min erals and Metals.

dahab
faddah

Gold
silver

copper
brass iron

nahhas alimar nahhas asfar

hadid

u
English.

Arabic Phonetic
safleh,
solb,

Pronunciation.

tin
steel

tanak bulad

lead coal (charcoal stone)

rusas fahra hagar

marble
stone

rokham
hagar
rami, ramleh m'adan, jjIu. ma'adin fahm hatab m'adani

sand metal
charcoal

mineral

amber
granite gravel

kahraman
sa^van
hasil,
) j

local

haswah

mercury
quicksilver

zeybaq

5.

Animals, Birds a^d Fishes.

Ijaywan, plu. haywanat hosan, plu. kheyl

Animal
horse

cow
calf

baqarah
igl, plu.

agul

lion

sab'a, pZ. sub'ua

lioness

pig sheep

labwah, ^du. labwat khanzlr, plu. khanazir

ghanam
kharuf, ^jZ?/. khirfan m'izah, jdn. ma'iz kelb, fZM. kelab
qottah, plu. qotat arnab, plu. aranib
dib, plu. diyab

lamb
goat

dog
cat

hare
AVOlf

fox

ta'aleb
far, plu. firan

mouse, rat
cock

dik, plu.

doyuk
^jZu.

hen
fowl

farkhah,
teyr,
2jZ((.

firakh

chicken goose

tiyur katkut, 2>Zw. katakit

wizzah, plu. wizz

15
English.

Arabic Phone tic

batta, plu. batt asfur, }du. asafir

l^ronunciation.

duck
bird

dove
eagle

yamnamah,
nisr, plu.

^)?.

yamam

nesur

crow
turkey
pelican

ghorab dik rumi

rakhamah
dibk

birdlime

owl pigeon

burnah

hamamah,
saqr hagal

plu.

hamam

hawk
partridge
fish

samak
abu-galambo ma-washi, bahayim
baghlah, plu. bigbfil gamal, plu. ginial
of the camel
{bovine)

lobster
cattle

mule camel

hump

sanamat

el

gamal

donkey dromedary
elephant horse shoe hide (of a beast)

honiar, plu. hemir haglu, plu. hegana

fll, plu. afyal liidwa, plu. liadawi

horn

monkey
quail

gelud qurn, plu. qorun nisnas, plu. nasanis

gild, plu.

simmanah
qatt'a

sandgrouse
gazelle

ghazal
5.

Rep tiles and

Insects.

White ant
ant
fly

bee
flea

dddah, 2'^"- <iud namlah, plu. naml dibbanah, }dii, dibban nalilab, phi. nahl
barghut, plu. baraghit
'ainkabiit
timsali, 2>lu.

spider crocodile

tamash

wasp
mosquito

dabbur, plu. dobablr namiisah, plu. namus

ittah

moth

16
English

Arabic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

DUg
insect
reptiles

baqqah, phi. baqq hasharah, waghish

dabib, ha-wam dofd'ah, plu. dafad'ih

6.

Fruit, Trees

Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables

fawakih
tiflah

Fruits apple pear

kommittrah
barkukah, plu. barkuk shagarah, pin. ashgar, or

plum
tree

nut walnut
grapes

gozah goz
'aneb

[shagar

lemon
oak
rose

leymun
ballut

wardah
zahrah, jdu. zuhur x hashish
negll
sha'ir

flower grass

herbs barley

cabbage
carrots cauliflower celery

koronb gazar
karnabit karafs
qirfah
qor6nfil

cinnamon
clove

corn
garlic

ghallah or qamlj
torn

melon
yellow melon
olives

battikh
abdel-lawi,

shamam

zeytun
bassal
7.

onions

The

Human

Body.

Body
skin

gasad, gism gild, ;;Zit. gelud

qalb, plu. quiub
ras, plu. ru-us

heart
liead

hair

sh'arab, plu. sh'ar

17
English.

Arabic Phonetic
wish, wegli

Pronunciation.

face

forehead eye nose

nostrils

gibhah
'ayn, phi. 'ayun

manakhlr

monkh^r
hanak,
lissan

mouth
tongue
ear

fomm
jjZ.

widn,

audan

neck back
belly

'onq or rakabah, pin. rikab

stomach
eh in
foot

dahr batn m'ida

qasabat errigl, saq, p Ji/. slqan
rigl,

qadam

arm hand
finger finger-nail

dira'a

yed
soba'a, plu. sawabi'a
dofr, pill, adafir

thumb
eye-lid

bahim
gifn, plu. gifiin

eye-brow
eye-lash tooth

hagib, phi. hawagib rimsh, phi. rimusli

sinn, phi. assnan
ders, phi. adras

molar
beard elbow blood lungs
blindness

dakn
ku'a, phi. akw'a

dam
fish shah

dumb
deaf

'am a akhras
atrash mayyifc
'ayish, hai

dead
alive

naked
bowels navel right-hand
left-hand

aryan masarin
sorrah

yemin shemal
of the)

hand (palm
breath

kalf

nafas

drum

of the ear

somakh

el

widn
Q

Egyptian S.T.

18
English.

Ababio. Phonetic Pronunciation.

8.

Mankind; Relations.
nas
ragil, 2)Zm. rigal

People

man woman
husband
wife

marah,

2'^"-

nisswan

boy
girl

parents
father

zog zogah, marah walad, plu. aulad bint, plu. benat walideyn

abu

mother
son

omm,
ibn,

plu.

walad

ommaliat flu. abna

or beni,

aulad

daughter
brother
sister

bint
akhii, plu. akhwan okbt, plu. akhawat

female

nitayah
dakar,

male

zakar

plu.

dokiir,

zokur

maid (virgin) widow widower

bride

bint bikr, plu. benat bukkar

azbah, armalah
azib arusah, plu. arayis arls, 2^lu. irsan

bridegroom
fatherless

relation
relative

yatim qarabah
qarib maslhi, nusrani ibn el ibn, ibn el bint, hafid gidd

Christian

grand -child grand -fat her grand -mother negro

negress

giddah
'abd, plu. 'abid garyah, plu. guwar

nephew
niece

ibn el akb, ibn el okht bint el akh, bint el okbt

19
English.

Arabic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

9.

Dress.
sitrah

Coat
cloak
shirt

waistcoat pocket button stockings boots

barnus qamis, pi. qumsan sadeyrah geyb, plu. go-yub

zirr, plu. ezrar shorabat, gorabat

gazmah
markiib,
kib,

shoe
hat handkerchief

gazmah

plu.

mara-

gizam

watch
purse

brush

comb
gloves

borneytah, plu. barauTt mandll, plu. manadll sa'ah kiss, jilu. akyass furshah, jylu. forash misht, plu. amshat guanti, kufuf
sabiin

soap
ring

khatim, plu. khawatim

shal, plu. shilan

shawl
a pair of trousers spectacles necktie
scissors

bantal6n

nadarah
kirawatah

maqas
babiish

slippers

cloth
collar

gukh
y-aqah, plu. y-aqat qotn
tonteylali

cotton
lace

needle

ibrah, plu. obar

libas

drawers
pin thread

dabbus
kheyt shemsleh
0

umbrella

20
English.

Arabic Plionclic

rromiuciatioa.

10.

Food and Drink.

lahm
futur

Meat
breakfast

lunch
supper, dinner

ghada
'asha

soup
boiled
fish

shorbah

meat

beef

mutton
pork beans
boiled eggs
fried eggs

lahm masluq samak lahm baqari lahm dani lahm khanzTr

fui

(baked)

beyd masluq beyd maqli

beydah, ])lu. beyd iggat beyd gibnah
'eysli

egg omelet
cheese

bread
salt

melh
filfil

pepper

mustard
vinegar salad milk

khardal
khall salata leben

cream
sugar
tea
cotfee

qishtah sukkar
shai

water wine
bottle

qahwah moyyah
nebid qizazah, pin. qazayiz

glass
fresh bread

kubbayah
'eysh tazah
salsa

sauce sausage food

driulc (to)

sogokk
akl shereb, vuperative ishrab

vegetables

khodar

21
JEngiisa.

Ababic Phonetic
belah
zeytuii
fetir,

Pronunciation.

dates
olives

cake
celery

kahk

karafs

cauliflower parsley

karnabit

cabbage
ii'ice

baqdonos koronb
ruz

ibran
:a

nokhalah

nioutliful

ibrotli

loqmah marakah
katkut, qishtah
jjZ.

scliicken

kataklt

<cream
flour

deqiq

a glass of wine a glass of water

lemouade

kubbayah nebid kubbayah nioyyah limonada

11.

Eating and Cooking Utensils.

ghata es soffrah futah es soffrah sahn, tabaq sahn sikkln, plu. sakakin

Table cloth
table napkin

plate

dish
knife

fork

spoon cup
salt-cellar

shokah ma'alaqah
fingan, plu. fanagin

mallahah
ibrik shai

tea-pot

frying-pan
kettle

miqlayah
ghallayah, ghallayat, ibrik

corkscrew

barimah
fas (l.), turiyeh (u.)

hoe
shovel stove tray

kureyk

kanun
tisht

oven
filter

forn

misfayah
baltah

hatchet

22
English.
I

Akadic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

12.

House and Furniture.

el

The house room

bed
bedstead pillow blanket
sheet

beyt odah, pht. owad farshah

seru'

makhaddab,
batanleh milayah,

pin.

makhaddat

jjIu.

milayat

door

window
bell

wall roof
floor

chair
sofa carpet
table

bab, pin. abwab shibbak, plu. shebablk gar as heytah, plu. heytan sath ardieh kursi, phi. karasi

dlwan
saggadah, pin. saggadat soffrah, tarabeyzah furshah mirayah, pin. niirayat

broom
looking-glass

mattress
quilt
fireplace,

mertdbah
lihaf

chimney

madkhanah
kuz
sutl

jug or pot
pail

towel
basin

futah or bashkir; pZ. fuwat, bashaklr

tisht

bath (warm) basket

candlestick candle lock

hammam
mishannah, maqtaf, alaq

shamadan
sham'a, plu. shumu'a quflah, keylun muftah, jilu. mafatlh
mobiliat
isstabl

key
furniture
stable

matches

mat

kabrit hasirah, plu. hosr

23
English.

Arabic Phonetic
qizazah,
J^la.

Pronunciation.

bottle

qazayiz

landlord tenant (or merchant)

lease,

muaggir,
tagir

saljib el- bey

rental

(or

ugra
tub beyt

wages)
bricks

house (a) to be water closet

kitchen

let

111

igar

mustarah,

beyt

el

'adcb,

matbakh

['adebkhanah

13.

Town and

Country.
madfiyin

City, or

town

(large)

medlnah,

2'^"-

country (native)
village
street

beled beled sikkah, plu. sikak

square

maiddn
siik, }dii.

market
palace

aswak

church tower
post
post-office
police-office

sarayah or qasr; 2^Zu. sarayat qusur kenlsah, kanayis burg, 2'^!'. abrag
bosta
bosta, maliall el bosta

zabtleh
isbitaliah

hospital

exchange
bridge

borsa qantarah,

])lu.

qanatir

custom-house
prison

gumruk
habs dokkan, lokanda
jjIu.

shop
hotel
castle, fortress

dakakln

corner
foot
field

pavement

qal'aah rukn, plu, arkan balat

sikkat el hadid gheyt, plu. ghitan

railway
forest

ghabah, plu. ghabat

arb'a mafariq

cross-road

24
English.

AnABicPhonetic
'abadieh sur bab, 2'^"tarlq

Pronunciallon.

farm
fence wall gate

abwab

path
grass

hashish

mound
pyramid
desert

kom, pin. kiman haram, jdx. ahram

gebel
tarlq, darb,

road

sikkah

where does
lead to
?

this

road

es sikkah

deh tawadlna feyn?

ii.

Professions and Trades.

kar, sena'ah

Profession

ambassador
professor, teacher scholar (pupil) doctor

elchi (Turkish)

mu'allim
talmiz, plu. talauiza

hakim, 'alem, pin. 'ulama (pin. hukama) doktor

;

medicine chemist policeman

police

dauvva

kimawi
'askari

postmaster

postman
guard, station agent
or master store-keeper

zabtieh wakil el bosta bostagy

bulls,

wakil, or ra^is mahattah

makhzangi
tagir, pin. togar

merchant merchandise
clerk

buda'ah
katib kutbi, plu. kutbiya

bookseller

bookbinder

mogallid kutub
gizamati, saramati khayyat, pin. khayyatin

shoemaker
tailor

blacksmith barber

haddad
mozayyin, hallaq
sa'ati

watchmaker
jeweller
oculist

gawahirgi hakim 'oyun

25
English.

Arabic Phonetic

Pronunciation

laundress farmer porter (carrier)

ghassalah muzari'a
shayyal, hannnal

lawyer midwife
servant grocer

avokato

dayah khaddam, plu. khaddamin

baqqal
sayis,
j^^^'-

groom
sailor

siyas

bahri,
sitt,

marakbi

gentleman
lady guide
interpreter

khawagali (Persian)
plu. sittat
plu.
dalll

dragoman coachman
carpenter

motargim, terguman
arbiigi

motargimin

naggar,
ghafir,

jilu.
jilu.

watchman
fish-monger
cutler

naggarin ghufara

sammak,
sakaklni 'abd

plu.

sammakin

slave
plaintiff

mudd'ai

defendant appellant auctioneer baker engineer engraver gardener

gilder

mudda'a
mustanif
dallal

'aleyh

khabbaz, farran mohdndis, jdu. mohandisin naqqash ganayni

talla

goldsmith missionary

nun
nurse surgeon

sayigh mursal, plu. mursalln rahbah, j)lu. rahbat dadah, ^^Zx. dadat gavrah

Beduin chief
15.

sheykh el-'orban

Steamer
ship boat, barge

Sh ips and Shipping. babiir, wabur

merkeb,
sari, plu.
^jZw.

marakib

sandal, plu. sanadil

mast

sawari

26
EiiKlish.

Arabic. Phonetic Pronunciation

daffat el

rudder
sail

markab
qulu'a

qil'a, pin.

oar
flag

muqdaf, pin. maqadif bandeyrah

anchor
sailor

mersah marakbi
gharaq khartah marakbi
silyyad, plu.

drowned

map
boatman
fisherman
afloat

sayyadin

'ayim

swimnwng
cargo steersman
cable
fleet (of ships)

'om
wasqat, hamulah

domangi ghomanah, habl dunanmah, plu. dunanmat

ibrat

compass
engineer (of the steamer) yacht float of paddle-wheel dockj/ard Nile-barge Nile house-boat broker brokerage
pilot

usta el

wabur

yaht

muqdaf

tara

tarsanah (dahabieb

qanga
samsar,
])ln.

samasrah

samsarah kalawuz
felukkah

small boat

16.

Travelling.
safar

Voyage
journey
railway-station

mahattah
wabiir kabtan, ra^is marakbi, bahri

steamboat
captain
sailor

custom-house key
arrival

gumruk
muftah, plu. mafatlt

wusul

27
EnKlish.

Arabic Phonetic
sikkat el hadld qattr
'afsh

Pronunciation.

railway
train

luggage

bag
interpreter

return ticket
bill

receipt
office

kis, i^lu. akyas terguman, motargim, pin. motargimln tazkarah raih wa gai hesab pin. wosulat^ wasl, sanad sanadat diwau
;

guard's vaa

coachman
pillow

dispensa arbaggi rnakhaddah, pla. makhuddat

tilah,

whip
caravan
saddle (for a donkey) saddle (for a horse) strap passenger-train goods-train
traveller

kurbag

kaflah barda'ah, plu. barad'ih

sarg, plu. suriig

seyr qatr rukkab qatr el buda'ab musafir, pin. musafrin

safar

travel (to) carriage

'arableh, plu. 'arablyat

medicine

dauwa,
fulus

jtlu.

adwiya

money Pound

(1.)

Napoleon (20fr. piece)

Pound (Egyptian) Pound (Turkish)

giney [guinea) iuglizi bintu giney masri giney magldi

el

When

does the train

qatr yisafir imta

leave ?

17.

Writing.

Paper
blotting paper sheet (of paper) quire (ditto)

pen
ink

waraq waraq nashshaf farkh waraq faridat waraq qalam, plu. aqlam
hibr

^28

Knslish.

AuABic I'bonetic

Prouunciatioii>

inkstand penknife
pencil

sealing-wax (red)
letter

dawayah matwah, plu. matawi qalam rusas sham'a ahmar gawab or maktiib ^'Z. gawa;

bat,

makatib

date signature

tarikh

post-stamp manuscript
write (to) (copy) writing (s) written

imda waraq danighah

nuskhah, kitab khatt
katab, imp. iktib

kitabah maktiib
kitab, plu.

book index

kutub

(of a book)

fahrasah

seal (to)

sign the letter post

post-ofiice

khatam, imp. ikhtim imdi el gawab

bosta
bosta,

diwan
el

el

bosta

postmaster

wakil
the

bosta
el

he

registered
office)

letter (at the post-

huwa
zarf

saggar

gawab

envelope
dictionary

qamiis
the post

when does
leave
18.
?

imta

tisafir el

bosta

Shooting Imfdements and Fishing Tackle.

sikkin, plu. sakakin

Knife pocket-knife

hammer
file

nail

nail (to)

matwah, jdu. matawi qadum, shakush mabrad, jjZw. mabarid mismar, jdu. masamir sammar, imp. sammar
fas

axe

saw
grindstone

minshar,

2^^"'

manashir

gun gunpowder

misann bunduqieh
barud

29
English.

Ababic.

Phonetic
jila.

Pronunciation.

shot (a shot fired) net

fish-hook basket

darbali

sbabakah, shabakat sinnarah

shibak,

or

mishannah
sanduk, jilu. sanadik darb al barud seyd
bi-darbah, or bi-nishan wahid qafl, plu. aqfal shibuk, pht. shubukat

box
shooting
sport
at one shot

padlock
tobacco-pipe
pistol

tabangah,

/>Z.

tabangat

19.

Time and Seasons.

scnah, jdu. senin
]ilu. ushhur gum'aah, plu. gum'ailt gum'ateyn yom, ijIu. eyyam

Year

month
week two weeks
day hour
half-an-hour

shahr,

sa'ah,

i)la.

sa'at

nuss sa'ah
deqiqah, idu. daqayiq fasl or a wan, ylu. fosiil
rabl'a

minute
season Spring

Summer Autumn
Winter
the months of the year

seyf kharif

Lunar months Coptic months

time

shita shuliur es senah shuhiir 'arabiya shuhiir qibtlya

to-morrow morning how many weeks ^

day-time

mid-day every day after to-morrow

to-day

waqt bukra fi subh kam guma'ah nahar ed duhr

kuU yom
b'ad bukra en-nab ar-dch

to-morrow

bukra

80
English,

Arabic Phonetic
yenair
febrair

Pronunciation

January* February

March
April

marss
abrll

May
June
July

mayeh
yunia
yulia

August September
October

aghostos

sebtember
oktober

November December Sunday Monday

Tuesday

nofember dezember yom el had

Wednesday
Thursday
Friday Saturday, or Sabbath birthday holiday

yom yom yom yom yom yom

el

etnin
arb'a lihamis

et telat
el el el

gum'a

es sabt

maulid
batalah, 'eyd, fantasleh 'eyd el mllad 'eyd el qiyamah fagr subh or sabah badri fi subh

Christmas Easter

dawn
morning
early
in

[ing

the

morn-

evening this evening in the evening

maghrib
el
fil

leylah deh or eleylahdeh

noon
forenoon
aftei'noou

maghrib duhr qabl ed duhr

el 'asr,

b'ad ed duhr

night

leyl, jAu. layal

midnight
yesterday yesterday morning yesterday evening the day before yester-

uuss el-leyl

embareht embareh fi subh embareh el maghrib

tluwel embfireh
j

day
Tlie Eg}-ptiaus formerly of the solar months. The

employed the Coptic (ancient Egyptian) names European names, as Riven above, are in Reneral use now, concurrently with the Coptic, which are retained for agricultural purposes.

^The h

ia

ft

ha, bat

pronounced

Jilip

hy

31
English.

ArabicPhonetic

Pronunciation

three days ago daily

last

auwel auwel embareh

yomi
es-senah illi fatet qabl senateyn ibn 'ashrin senah
naliar

year

year before last twenty years old (son

of twenty years) day time
full

moon

Leap-year
20.

badr senah kabis

Countries and Nations.

beled, phi. bilad

Country
nation native country
state

ommah
watan mamlakah, aurobba
]jIu.

mamalik

Europe European England

English

aurobbi, ferangi bilad el-ingillz

ingilizi

American
Arabia Arabian Arabs (nomads)

amerikani hegaz
'arabi

'arab

Beduin
Syria

bedawi, 'orban
fransa fransawi
bilad el

j^lu.

bedwan,

'arab,

esh-sham

F ranee
French
Russia Russian China Greek Greek Greece Turkey
Turkirih [Khedive His Highness the His Highness (OulEgypt_ [Lord) Egyptian

moskof mosk6wi
bilad es sin

rumi yunani
bilad er rum, bilad et turk turki
el

yimdn

khed^ywi

effendlna berr masr

masri

32
English.

AnkBic.

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

Lower Egypt Upper Egypt

Persia Persian Cairo Old Cairo

beheyrah
es-sa'id

bilad el

agam

The districts

of Cairo

agami masr mahrtisah masr 'atiqah atman masr

istambiil

Constantinople Alexandria Suez Canal

iskendirieh
el

kanal

Suez
Ismailieh Arishe Kosseir

es sues
el

isma

'illeh

el 'arlsh
el

quseyr

Damietta
Rosetta

dumyat
rashid

Suakin

The

Nile (River)

Foreigner

sawakin en nil egnebi, gharib

plu ghuraba,

khawagah
21.

Numbers.
a 'dad

Numbers
one two
three four
five

wahed
etnin talatah arba'ah

khamsah
sittah

six

seven
eight

sab'ah

temaniah
tis'ah

nine
ten eleven

'ashrah liadasher

twelve
thirteen fourteen
iifteen

etnasher
talattasher
arb'atfisher

kharaastashcr
sittashcr

sixteen

seventeen

sab'atasher

33
English.

Ababic.

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

eighteen nineteen

temantasher
tis'atasher

twenty twenty-one twenty-two

thirty
forty
fifty

'ashrln

wahed wa
itnln

'ashrln

wa

'ashrin

telatln

arba'In

khamsin
sittin

sixty

seventy eighty ninety

a hundred

sab'in

temanln
tis'In

101

110 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 937 a thousand
1,015 2,000 10,000 30,000 100,000 a miUion
22.

miyah (sometimes before a voicel. [mit) miyah wa wahed miyah wa 'ashrah

miteyn
tultemlyah

rub'amiyah

khumsemlyah
sittemlyah

sub'amiyah

tumnemlyab
tis'amiyah tis'amiyah sab'a
elf
elf

wa

tehitin

wa khamastasher

elfeyn 'ashrat elaf

telatin elf

mit elf milyun

Collec tive

Numbers,
-

etc.

Pair dozen, packet once twice

single

goz, plu.

agwaz

dastah

marrah wahidah,
marrateyn

nobah
[waJ^idah

double
first

wahed migwiz
fard,

auwal
tani
S.-T.

second
Egyptian

34
English.

ARABIC Phonetic
telat

Pronunciation.

thrice

marrat

four times
five

arba' marrat

times

khams (khamas) marrat

nuss, nusf
tult

a half a third a fourth three-fourths a fifth

rub'a

an eighth
23.

wa khums tumn
nuss

rub'a

Colours.
m. abiad, w. iswad, m. asmar,
VI. /.
/. /. /.

White
black

beyda
soda

brown
blue sky colour red

samara
zerqa

azraq,

samawi
m. ahmar, /. hamara m. akhdar, /. khadara khadrawi, yiddi al khadar m. asfar, /. safara azraq {also blue)
missfirr
saffar

green greenish yellow grey yellowish to make yellow

violet

indigo
25.

m. banafsig m. nilah

Adverbs, &c.
foq ba'd

Above, upstairs
after

afterwards, then

badeyn
dai^man, tamalli

always
at first

auwalan
'ala

because
before

shan, li-an

qodam
wara
bil

behind by force

ghassb, bil gabr

down
easily

enough
entirely
falsely

taht bi-rahah, bi-sohulah kifayah, bass, bi-ziadah bilkulllyah bi-zur

35
English.

Arabic.

Phonetic Pronunciation.

far olf
gratis, for
lirst

ba'id

nothing

ballash

iiere

auwel hena
beyt
fi

liome, liouse in, there is inside instead of justly

last
lastly, at last

guwa
badal, gheyr
bil

haqq

late

akhir akhiran wakhri, mot^akhar

tawll

long
near, close, side

never

ganb abadan
la
lissa

no
not yet,
still

not-at-all

now
often,

many
enough

times

mottldqan delwaqt miraran, murrat

bass

ketir

only,

out outside particularly

barra
1

khosusan

perhaps
quickly,

yumkin
soon,

im-

halan
bil 'agal,
fil

mediately quickly

qawam
shu-

seldom
slowly so

nadir bi-shweysh, 'ala mahl,

keda
ba'd al aliyan

[wayyah

sometimes
soon
still

bad shwai
bavdu, lissa {not yet)

there
this

henak
deh, da, di

to-day

to-morrow
to

en-nahar-deh bukra
li-min
?

whom ?

too, also, again

kaman
tal?t

under

86
English.

AbabicPhonetic

Pronunciation.

welcome

when when?
whence where ? where from where to ?

ahlan wa sahlan or marhabba lamraa imta ?

mineyn
?

feyn? min eyn

'ala
illi

whom
whose
?

? min feyn ? feyn ? lifeyn ? {=ir]tom or which)

bit'a

min
?

why?
yes yesterday yet
25.

leyh

shan eyh aywa, na'am

'ala

embareh
lissa

Adjectives.
za'alan

Angry
awkward, stupid bad
beautiful, elegant

ghashim
battal

gamil,

latif

better
bitter

ahsau

murr
a'ama
arid

blind

broad
civil

m'aruf or sahib adab

nadlf
shatir

clean clever cold cool

bard
barid

dark dear
dear (expensive)
deceitful

atmah
aziz,

habib

ghali

ghashash
ghawit, wati
yifrih,

deep
delightful
difficult

mufrih

sa'ab

dirty

wisekh
nashif bakri
farigh, kh&li

dry
eldest (oldest)

empty
false

keddab

(kidb, a

lie)

87
English.

Arabic.Phonetic Ptonimciatlon.

fat

filthy

fine
flat

samin wehesh gamll

mastu, mebattat

full

malyan
farhan tayyib

glad

good
great

azim
sa'ld
soft),

happy hard (not

healthy

dry

nashif
qasi sallm, sagh sallm, bis-saha
teqll
'all

hard (severe or cruel)

heavy high
ill

(sick)

[less)

ayyan
qalll el

impertinent (shamelarge lazy

ha-ya

keblr, 'azIm

lean
least
less
.

keslan nahif
aqall aqall
niir

light (bright) light (not heavy)

little

khaftf

(small)

soghayyax
tawll
'ali

long loud (high)

low mad, foolish narrow near

wati

magnun
dayyiq
qarib

new
nice old man old (ancient)

gedid kwayls,

latlf

aguz qadim, antiqa

maftuii
zarif, latlf

opened poHte poor

proud
rich ripe

meskin, faqlr foqara motakabbir ghani

misttiwi

plu. masakin,

88
English.

ArabicPhonetic
sahlh

Pronunciation.

right (true)

round
satisfied

medauwar
mabsiit, sheb'an [satiated) muzallil or daffeh

[edge) shady sharp (having a keen sharp words sharp (severe)

had kalam qasi

qasi

short soft (moist) sour (acid) square still, quiet strong stupid (ass)

qussayyar
tari

hamed
moruba'a
sakit

gam id
balid (homar), balawi

sweet
thick thin
tipsy
tired

helu
tekliln

rofayy'a, raqlq

sakran
ta'aban yabis haqlq, sahlh, sadlq

tough (dry)
true unintelligible

mush mafhum

unlucky
useful

ma
dalf

lush bakht

nafi'a

warm
weak
well

hami
tayyib
tari,

wet wicked wide

wild wise (clever)

mablul

sharlr wasi'a, or was'a

wehesh,

birri

'aqil (shatir)

worse worse and worse

wrong (mistaken) young

younger (smaller)
26.

al'an al'an wa al'an ghalat, ghaltan

soghayyar assghar

Conjunctions
ba'deyn b'adu

Afterwards
after
it

I u

89
English.

Arabic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

and
because but even
for

wa
li-an,

'alashan

lakin, walakin

hatta
'ala

shan

neither

la

nor
or that
27.

wa-la
wa-illa, walla

in

Prepositions.
foq b'ad

Above
after

round by
for

hauwaleyn
b,

be,

wa

from
in
of

shan min, 'an

'ala

b, be, li

'an
'ala

on (upon)
near
to

ganb
1,

le

under with
28.

taht
b, bi

Pronouns.
Singular.

ana
inta {mas.), inti [fem.)

thou
he,
it

huwa
hiyah
Plural.

she

We
you, ye

ehna
intuui

they
Siugnlar.

hum, huma
(Suffixes.)

My
thy
his

ak

{mas.), ik {fcm.)

her

ha


40
English.

AbabicPhonetic
Plural.
(Suffixes.)

Prontmclatlon.

Our

your
tlieir

na kum hum
nafs-i, or zat-i

Myself
thyself

himself
herself ourselves yourself yourselves

nafs-ak, zat-ak nafs-u, zat-u nafsi-ha, zatiha nafsi-na, zatina nafs-ak, zat-ak

themselves
Sing

nafsi-kum, zat-kum nafsi-hum, zat-hum

liar.

Mine,

oi-

my own

bit'a-i

own his, or his own hers, or her own

thine, or thy

bit'a-ak (m.),
bit'a-u

bita-ik

(/.)

bit'a-ha

Flu ral.
Ours, or our own yours, or your own theirs, or their own
bit'a-na

bit'a-kum bit'a-hum

Rela live.

Who, whom,
which, what
Note.

that,

illi.

Illi is

the only R('lative Pronoun used in conversatio

Arabic.

29.

Inl:errogatives.

Who? to whom ?
which ? what ? whose ?

min?
le-mln ? 'anhu ?

why how

eyh? bit'a-mm leyh?

min-ni

(are yon) ?

izzay (ak)?

from me from him from you

min-nu min-nak


41
English.

Ababic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

30.

Yerbs.
tarak
qebel, imp. iqbal ta'aggab

To abandon*
,,

accept

,,
,,

admire
agree to allow
alter

ittafaq 'ala

,,
,,

azan, samah ghayyar, i7np. ghayyar

,,
,,

answer appear
arrive

gawab
zahar wasal
imp. is^al sa'ad igtanab, imp. igtanib sehi, imp. is-ha darab, imp. idrab
sa^al,

,,
,,

ask
assist

,,
,,
,,

avoid

awake

,,

beat begin
,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

ibtada, imp. ibtidi

believe

sadaq
rabat, imp. orbot 'add, imp. 'odd

bind
bite

(to tie)

break bring

burn

bury buy
,,
,,
,,

call

kassar gab, imp. gib haraq, imp. ihraq dafan, iinp. idfin ishtara, imp. ishtiri nada, imp. inda

catch
cliange

mesek, i?np. imsik ghayyar

saraf, imp. isrif ikhtalas naddaf imp. naddaf geh, ga ; imp. ta'ala
,

,,

change money

cheat, defraud clean ,,

,,

come
consult

,,

shawar,

ivip.

shawir

N0TE.

Literally " He abandoned," third person singular, past All the verbs in this list are expressed tense, indicative mood. in same manner, that being regarded in Arabic as the root of the verb. But the imperatives are mostly added here, as being the most requisite form. The i^st particiiile is formed by prefixing

ma

matruk, abandoned.

42
English.

Ababic.

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

to
,,

,, ,, ,,
,,

convey cook count

cut deceive
deliver

naqal tabakh, imp. itbokh 'add, hasab qat'a, imp. iqt'a

deny
,,

dream

ghashsh sal lam ankar, gahad helem

lebes, imp. ilbis

dress drink ,, drive out

,,
,,

eat

shereb, imp. ishrab tarad akal, imp. kol

examine
excavate excuse explain
feed
fetch
find

fahas
fahat, imp. ifhat

,, ,, ,, ,,
,,
,

samah
waddah, imp. waddah
wakkal, imp. wakkil gab, imp. gib
iltaqa,

wagad

forget get up give

nessi

qam, imp. qum

'ata,

idda

imp. iddi

go ,, go on foot ,, go on horseback go out govern ,,

,,

rah, imp. ruh

rah mashi rah rakib

kharag

hakam
dahan
allaq, imp. allaq

grease hang (suspend)

,,

happen have

hasal, ittafaq ana 'andi

he has she has we have you have they have to hear help hide
,, ,,

huwa 'andu hiyah 'andiha elina 'andena intum 'andikum

humma

hire

'andihura sama'a, imp. istna'a sa'ad, imp. sa'id khabba, imp. khabbi aggar
ist 'agel

hurry

43
English.

ArabicPhonetic
natt, imp. nott

Pronunciation.

to

jump
kill

,, ,, ,,
,, ,,

katal, imp. iktil

kiss

bas, imp. buss

knock

khabat, imp. ikbbat

a'araf

know
laugh
leap learn

,,
,, ,, ,,

dchek, imp. idhak natt, imp. nott ta'allam, imp. ita'allim

sallaf

lend let alone

lie

down

khalla, imp. khalli imp. orqod, raqad, itsattah

;

itsattah
,, ,,

{deep)

nam, num

look

shaf, imp. sliuf

'anial, imp. 'amil

make
meet

,,
,, ,, ,,
,, ,,

sadaf
sallali,

mend
mention
obey
object oblige (favour) obtain otlend (anger)
offer

imp. sallah

zakar, imp. ozkur tawa'a, imp. taw'i 'iatarad

amal ma'aruf
ta-hassal 'ala

,,
,,

,, ,, ,, ,,

aghdab qaddam, imp. qaddim

fatah, imp. iftah

open
oppose
order

qawam
amar
dafa, imp. idf

pay ,, proceed
,, ,,

[word) promise (gave pi*Dnounce

taqaddam
wa'ad (idda qol)
lafaz, imp. olfoz

pull put ,, read ,,

,, ,, ,,

receive

remember
remind
repair repeat [go back) return (come or return (give back)
ride

shadd, garr imp. shidd, gurr hatt, imp. hott qara, imp. iqra istalam, imp. istilim tazakkar, imp. itzakkar zakkar, fakkar
;

,,
,,

sallah,

'ammar

kerrar
rag'a, imp. irg'a

,,
,,

,,

ragg'a, imp.^ ragg'a rekeb, imp. irkab

44
English.

Ababic.

Phonetic
qum

Pronunciation.

to rise
,,
,, ,,

qam, imp.

rub run run away

da'ak, imjj. ida'ak

geri, imp. igri harab, imp. ihrab qal, imp. qui shaf, imp. shuf mesek, imp. imsek ba'a imp. inintakhab, akbtar takhib, ikhtar ba,at, imp. ib,at ragg'a, imp. ragg'a imp. liott, uda halt, wada
;
;

say

see
,,

seize
sell

,,
,,

select

,, ,,
,.

send send back

set

,,

shoot

asstad,

,,

show
smell

darab bundoqieh, darab rusasah (bullet) warra

shamm,

imp.

shimm

,,

smoke (tobacco)

sharab dokhan, imp. ishrab

dokhan
speak spoil stand starve stay
,,

takallam, imp. itkallim khassar, talaf, atlaf weqef, imp. uqaf

mat min

el gu'a,

mat

bil

gu'a

fedel, isstanna

steal
suffer

saraq, imp. issraq

study
,,

ta'allam

tahammal
ashar
bala, imp. ibla
helef, imp.
il;lif

suggest
,,
,,
,,

swallow swear

swim
take
taste

,,

,,
,,

teach
tear
tell

,,

,,

thank
think

,,

,,
,,

throw away
translate

'am, imp. 'um akhad, imp. khud zaq, imp. zuq 'allam, imp. 'allim sharmat, imp. sharmai qal, imp. qui shakar, imp. oshkor zann, iftakar raraa, imp. ermi targam, imp. targim

45
English.

Ababio.

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

to travel

safar
dilss,

,, ,, ,,

tread

imp. doss

turn (round)

dauwar, imp. dauwar

understand

fehem
qalab, imp. iqlib ist'amal, imp. ist'amil istanna, imp. istanna mcshi, imp. imshi ah tag

upset use ,, wait

,, ,,

walk

want

warm
warn wash
watch
water (horses) wet whip whisper win wipe

sakhkhan, daffa; imp. sakhkhan, daffi

nassah, imp. insah ghasal, imp. ighsil ghaffar, harass ; imp, oghfor, ohross

,,

,,

saqa
imp. bill darab, imp. iddrab washw^ash, imp. washwish
ball,

ghalab
nasshef,

masah; imp.

nasshif,

imsah
wish
arad
ishtaghal, imp. ishtaghal

work

,,

wound
worship

garah
'abad, imp. 'ibid
laff,

wrap write
,,

imp.

liff

yield one's-self

up

katab, imp. iktib salara

31.

The Government Ministries and

Administrations.
of the
\

Department

Household
Foreign Office
Interior

off

ed da.irah
el

el

khassa

H.H.the Khedive) Finance

el

Justice

Pubhc Works

malleh khargieh ed dakhlieh el haqqanleh el ashgal el 'umumleh

46
English.

Arabic Phonetic
el

Pronunciation.

Public Instruction

War

Office

Tublic
Police

Health partment

De-

ma'arif el \unumleli el harbieh, diwan el gehadieh maslahat es siha el 'umu-

mieh
maslahat el bolls maslahat es sugun

Department Prison Department Department of the]

Suppression Slavery
tor
-

of>
)
\ >

maslahat man'a
raqlq or qalam

tigaret
el

er

raqlq

Office of the Inspec-

General

of

taftlsh

'umiim er

ra^i

Irrigation
tion

Railway AdministraNile Steamers Service Public Debt Office

maslahat es sikkat

el

hadid

Customs Department Coast Guard Service

Post Administration
Postal Service Native Courts

maslahat waburat en nil sandiiq ed deyn el 'umiimi idarat 'umum el gamarik maslahat ghafar es sawahil
idarat barid
el el

'umum

el

bosta

Court

of

First

In-

stance

Court of Appeal Quarantine Board

Municipal Council
32.
'

mahakim el ahlieh mahkamat el ibtidaleh (mahkamat auwel daragah) mahkamat el ist'Inaf

maslahat es siha el bahrleh wal karantlnat el komisyon el baladi

Military Titles.
nafar burugi tabbal, trombetgi beytar trombetgi, burugi wakil onbashi onbashi
;

Private bugler
farrier

drummer

trumpeter
lance-corporal corporal sergeant

sergeant-major quarter-master geant adjutant-major

chief clerk

ser-

shaweysh bash shaweysh buluk amln

saghkolaghasi bash katib
Mostly Turkish.

47
English.

Ababio. Phonetic Pronunciation.

sol

warrant ofBcer
sub-lieutenant lieutenant captain

mulazim tani mulazim auwel

yuzbashi binbashi

major
lieutenant-colonel colonel brigadier-general lieutenant-general field-marshal doctor 1

qaimaqam
miralai

lewa
farik

mushlr
hakim,
;jiu.

surgeon j paymaster (treasurer]

adjutant

hukama
mo'awnin

khiznidar, sarraf

mo'awin,
}

jj^u.

commanding officer commandant

chief-of-the-staff
field-officer

hukumdar, komandan
ra^is

arkan

el

harb

general officer
staff-officer

zabit 'azlm zabit karim zabit arkan el harb

brigade-major

arkan harb
sirdar

el

lewa

commander-in -chief
His Excellency (address
of

dauUtlu

field-

marshal)

Your Excellency
33.

sa 'adetkum

"^Naval

and Military Terms.

agazah

Together with useful Words for all Banks.

Absence (leave accoutrements

acquittal

of)

meheymat
tabriah

admiral advance advance (to) advanced guard party

,,

amir

el

bahr

ilarey

taqaddam
bashdar gema'ah muteqaddamah

post

alarm post
alert
*

nuqtah muteqaddamah nuqtat el kabsah

hazir ol

Including some Turkish words of command, &c.

48
English.

Aeabic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

ambulance ammunition ammunition poucli ammunition wagon anchor

.

shefakhanah gabakhanah, zakhlrah

kaffah
'arablet el

gabakhanah

mirsah

anchorage
armistice

marsa
matarakah, hudnah
tufekgi [pronounce tufenkshi)
aslilia

armourer arms

army
army-corps

geysh, 'askar
firkah

army order
arrow
arsenal
artillery

'amr 'askari
nibl,

sahm

tubkhanah
I

as

you were
,, ,,
,,
,

tubgleh yarina

attack

hugum, mukagamah
form
false

for

huguma

(teshkil ol)

huglim kazib

,,

,,

flank front 1st line of

hugum hugum
zinhar qotb

,,

2nd

line of

gamb muwagahah auwel khatt el hugum tani khatt el hugum

'ala el 'ala el
1

attention axle

backsight badges

nishangah
'alamat er rutab

baud
barrack base
battalion

muslkah
qishlaq asas
orta, pin. orat
(field)

battery
battle

batarieh (maidan)

waq'ah
singa {Turldsh sungi) siingey dik

bayonet
bayonets, fix unfix ,,
belt

Sim gey inder qayish, hizam

binoculars bit (for horse) bivouac (to) blacking

nadarah fekk, ligam bayit bidun khiyam boyah

bomb

bombah

49
English.

Ababio.Phonetic Pronunciation.

bombard

(to)

darab

bil

bomb

booty boot breadth breastband

bribe
bridle

ghanimah gezmah
'ard

sinaband
bartll,

rashwah
j^iu.

ligam,

algima

brigade

lewa
arid burl

broad bugle

bullet

sound

nobah
rusasah saghda, soldd, wasatda gamal, plu. gimal naqa makhlufah, gabifc begin mu'askar^ urdi qazan madf'a
/".
;

by the right, left, cen[tre camel

camel's riding-saddle camel for riding

camp camp

kettle

cannon, gun capture (to) carriage wheel

cartridge

blank cavalry cavalry walk

,

asar 'agalah kartush, fishenk fishenk (farigh)

suwari, khiyalah

,, ,,
,

trot

prepare for
1

cease

fire

certificate
certificate

of

dis-

ashkin gar sawari karshu dauwaran nobet ateshi kas shehadah, plu. shehadat, or [tazkarah raftieh
sir el
sir el
I

charge chain

silsilah, plu. salasil, zingir

change of front
,, ,j

position

charge, prepare to

taghyir el ittigah, tabdll baiya taghyir el wad'a, tabdil yeri hugiima hazir ol

charge
cholera
close

hugiim
kolera
firing

commence company
,,
, ,

half

double

yaklasheyn bashlana atesh buluk yarim buluk buluk muzdawicr

Egyptian

S.-T.

ss

50
Enclish.

Arabic.

Phonetic

Pronuuciation.

cloak colours of a regiment

'abayah, kabud beyraq

orda, kol

column
,,

of building

column, close double ,,

,

'amud, plu. 'imdan kol mutaqarib

shift kol

,,
,,

half

line of

mass

of

yarim kol
tabur kolali

magmu'a
sinfja kol

kolat

,,
,, ,,

of divisions

of route
of sub-divi-

kol es seyr tobja kol

,,

visions quarter

dar-kol

combatant non
,

command
words of ,, commissariat compasses cook
,

muharib gheyr muharib hukumdarleh

nida

kism

et t'ayinat

bargal, ibrat

tabbakh
meglis 'askari

j i

court-martial
,,
,,
,

district

,,

markdzi

,,
,,

,,

,,

general proceedings

13/11 M igra^at el meglis el 'askari

of|

,,

,,

regimental
I

meglis 'askari alayi

,,

,,

summary'

court of inquiry confined to barracks

waqti meglis et tahqiq

mahguz

bil

qishlaq

conduct connecting
countersign courage

soluk, maslii
file

crew crupper cut (wound) dagger

decision

khabardar parolah garaah nautleh

kafal

defaulter

goruh khangar, j)lu. khanagir qarar muznib mahfjuz

garli, 2^lu.

51
English.

Ababio.

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

defaulter's

book

defaulter's drill

daftar ez zunub ta'alim el muznibin

defence
defile

mudaf'a darband
fath

deployment
depot
deserter

asas
harib, harban
file

detached

detachment
diarrhoea diary, journal
discipline

qatar munfasil sariyah

is-hal, lln

daftar yomleh zabt wa rabt

disembarkation
dismiss
(to,

nuzul min

el

markab

from
j

raft

service)
,,

(off parade)

dismount
division

'amal dastur yerra in

1

firqah

dockyard

move double march

don't
!

dress
drill
,, ,,
,,
,,
,

tersanah ma taharraksh ziada sora'atteh marsh hizaya

I

ta'alim
,

aiming
order
position

preliminary setting-up driver [mals

,

,,

driver of

drum
drunk
duties

pack ani(big)

sibiyeh ,, haiat et ta'alim ta'alim el qiyam ta'alim ibtida-i ta'alim talyin el 'ada 'arb^gi tarras trombeytah tablah
;

sakran wagibat
nobetji {pronounce nobatshi)
at

duty (on) dysentery

ease,
,,
,

march

stand at

dusuntarleh yolga yarinda safa

tadrig

eclielon

embarkation

encampment enemy

nuzul fil bahr mu'askar

dushman, 'adu

52
English.

Ababio.Phonetic Pronunciation.
qital

engagement
engineer enlistment

muhandis
iktitab

entrenchment equipment
escort

dirwah

meheymat
haras

examination exercise, bayonet

,,
,,
,

imtihan
sungi ta'allm atesh ta'allm
silah isti'amali

firing

manual
,

,,
,, ,,

review
rifle

maharan sungi ta'alim

ta'allm el bunduqieh ta'allm *amal ed dir^Yah wal

shelter-

trench expedition (military)

khandaq
safarieh

extend
fall in
1

nobet achileyn sagha bak {Turkish, look to

I

farrier

fatigue

party

beytar tulbah tulbah

[your right

!)

field-day -exercises ,,
,,

yom maidan
ta'alimat 'askarieh

-glass

field-gun
field-hospital
field officer
file
,,
,

naddarah maidan madf a urdi, maidan

taljanaqqali,isbitalia
zabit 'azim

maidan

,, ,, ,,
,,

blank connecting even

leading

qatar qatar farigh

khabardar
qatar shift qatar am ami qatar fardi farddn fardto, bir-eyr bir-eyr

odd
in single

fire

nar
atesh sanjak, beyraq, 'alam
1

firel

flag

flank
flaak, directing
,,
,

gamb, ganib gamb samt et tawaggah

el

inner
left

.,

el el

outer

ed dakhil gauib esh shemal gamb el kharig

gamb

58
English.

Aeabio.
el el

Phonetic Prontmciatioli.
el

flank, reverse
,,
,

right

gamb gamb

el

mun 'akis mun 'akis

flanker
fleet

ganbdar

dunanmah
'askari
'allq

foot-soldier

forage foresight (gun)

(rifle) formation
.

zlh

dibbanah
tashkil tabiya, qal'ah, husii

fort, fortress

fortify (to)

istahkam
siir el
li

fortress wall

qal'ah
!

forward form fours

1

qodam

from the
centre front
front form

right, left,

durdeyr saghdan, soldan, wasatdan

qodam
I

tabra
es saff el

front rank

auwel

funeral

ginnazah
rukhset ghiyab, agazah tuzluq

furlough
gaiters

gallop garrison general (.?.)

girdle

ramah, durtna'l hamiyeh

basha

hizam
hizam, sherlhah aldiwan

girth glove

government
governor grave (s.)
great- coat

hukumah
hakim, mihafi
kabr, torbah

kabbud
timar gem'atcha haras ghafar bashdar
(ol)

groom (brush a horse)

groups, form guard, escort
,,

(of soldiers)

,,

(advanced)
(rear)

dimdar
karakol dastiir karakol sitah

guard turn in
turn out gun (musket)

bunduqieh

54
English.

ArabicPhonetic

Pronunciation,
el

gun-carnage gunner gun -powder

half- column
,, ,,

gundaq, 'arablyet
tubgi

madf'a

barud yarim kol

sinf

company

section (cavalry) halt! halt at noon (to) halt for the night (to)

yarim

sinf

oqaf! durl gayyel (Ar.) bayyet (Ar.)

halter

rashm
diris (tibn)
el

hay (chopped straw) head -quarters helmet

horse
,,
,,

markaz,

el

komandanleh

tasah hosan, pZu. kheyl

(a

brown)

dark grey) horse-brush

(a

hosan asmar hosan singabi

forshah timar futah timar
hafir

cloth horse's hoof

,,
,,

mane
shoe
tail

ma'arafa
na'al deyl
isbitalia

,,
,,

hospital

hut imprisonment
incline
!

zimlik

habs
ma,ilan nobet atesh biyadah biyadah rakibah tabur teftlsh
1

independent firing
infantry
,,
,

mounted

inspection parade instructor insubordination Intelligence Depart-

ta'allmgi

'adam qalam
fasil

el el

inqiyad

mukhabarat

ment
interval

intoxicated intrench (to) in which direction ? in what strength ? ironclad

sakran istahkam ila eyn ?

bi

kam min

'asakir ?

merkab hadid
qadi

judge

56
English.

Arabic Phonetic
makttil

Pronunciation.

killed

knapsack
ladder
lance, spear

garabandleh
sillim

mizraq, harbah
fanus, pin. faw;1nis

lantern

lanyard lashing
latrine

habl

el

kabsul

filasah

adabkhanah
irmi silahak agazah, izn
sola

lay
left
lie

down your arms

leave of absence

down
of
,,

nam

lino
,, ,,

tabtir,

columns

com mun
cations
fire

yat {Tiir.) hiza alaya kola khatt el muwasilah

{Ar.),

,, ,,
,,

,,
,, ,,

ittigah er

rami
'

operations
retreat

,,

sight

main-body mancEuvre

khatt el harak khatt er rugu'a khatt en nazer asas

mun aura
khartah

map
march marksman marquee tent
I

marsh

nashcingi

markuwis
bolls 'askari

military police
,,

service
[rear
to the

'askarleh

mine
mortar

lughum

hawun
ta^akhar
!

move a little move forward

musketry
,,

shuwayah
1

li

wara

instruction

imshi yallah darb en nar ta'allm darb en nar

ta'adad 'asayan

muster mutiny muzzle

(of

a gun)

fumm
mikhlat
ihtall
'allq,

nose-bag occupy (to)

officer
officer's

mikhlah

zabit, plu.

zubat

undress

libs

yomi

56
English.

Arabic Phonetic

Prouuuciation.

ophthalmia
order (command) order arms orderly (on duty) outpost

ram ad
'amr,
jila.

'awamir

outworks pace [tion packet of ammuniparade to parapet

;

pass
patrol

rah at dor nobetji {pronounce nobatshi) karakol-kharigi istahkamat amamleh khatAvah, jdu. khatawi dasta, pin. asdas tabur istaff tabtir khatt en-nar tazkarat moriir
;

tof

pay, salary peace picket

pistol

mahiyah
sulh karakol tabangah, ferd

plan

pontoon
post prepare to

masqat ma' bar nuqtah

mount

to dismount present arms

,,

bin meya hazir ol yerra in hazir ol sahim dor

(in firing)

nishan
sign, liabs

prison prisoner
,,

[room)
(in

guard

malibus
asir

of

war

promotion

punishment
quarters

quick march

double ,, quickly! (with wheels)

)

tarqieh giza qishlaq sora'atleh marsh ziada sora'atleh marsh

bil'agal

quinine range

finder
(in

kinin

masafah,
tillmetr

si'at er

rami

rank
,,

(line of

army) men)

rutbah
saff

rank and file rank front, rear

an far es

saff

es saff el auwel, tani

rations

ready

girayah, t'ayin, t'aylnat doldor

57
Endish.
Aeabic.

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

ready
rear

(in firing)

hader (Ar.)
giria

rear form
recruit

reconnaissance

tabra istikshaf
'askari
alai

mustegidd

redoubt regiment
regulations

hisn, tabiyah

qawanin
taqwia (Ar.)
surii'a, i)Ih. asr'a

reinforcement
reins
relief

(change)

ghiyar
taqrir
ihliyatia

report reserves
retire (to)

ta^akhar
giria
!

retire

retreat (to)
rifle

takahkar bunduqieh
sheshkhiineli sheshkha)iali

rifleman
rifling
rise
!

qum
I

(Ar.)

kalk {Tar.)

rush

igri (Ar.)

sack saddle (camel) (for a horse) saddler

salute

kis

ghabit, makhlufah, iddali

serg, plu.
seriigi

snvug

salam
baltaggi

sapper scouts
section

kashafa
sinf, plu.

asnaf

semaphore
sentry
shell

samafor
dideban, ghafir, plu. ghufanx

ship-of-war shot (cannon ball) sight of a gun

signal
;

danah markab harb

gullah

kumhah
isharah gema'at
;

signaller

isharagi

party skirmish (to) skirmisher slowly small shot

isharah tasharkhag sharkbaggi

el

'ala

mahlak

rush

58
English.

Arabic.

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

snaffle

kantarmah
gindi, ^jZh. ganadi, 'askari

soldier

spur spy squadron square

stable staff (military)
stall

mahmuz,

phi.

mahmiz

gasus, basas orta sawari qal 'ah

isstabl, pla. isstablat

arkan akhur

liarb

stirrup

rikab, pin. rikabat

support surrender
,,

imdad
(to)

upon terms (to)

sallam, imp. sallim sallam bi-shurut

seyf

sword
target tattoo telescope

tdkhtah nobet tamam durbin, nadarah

tent tent-peg
theft
to the right
j i

kheymah,
watad,
serlqah
ila el
!

pla.

khiyam

pill,

autad

yamln

to the left
to the rear

ila
Ila

esh shimal el khalf

transfer

'

intiqal

transport trenches, troops

[redoubt rampart,

liamlah mitras
'asakir

,,

(regular)
(reserve)

nizam
redif
el

trot

gar

trumpet
tunic

buri sitrah
el libs el

undress (daily dress)

yomi

uniform
valise

vedette veterinary surgeon victory volley firing walk (at a horse's)

kiswah garabandleh sawari dideban sawari

hakim

beytari

zafar, intisar

tabur atesh ashkin


5g
English.

ArabicPhonetic

Pronunciation.

war
water-bottle wheel, right

harb

zamzamleh
left

wheeling wing, left

right

saghyana solyana dauaran sol-kol sagh-kol

katar

wounded wound in the head

(contusion)
35.

magruh, mabtuh
bath

Commercial and Trading Terms.

balah

Bale

bank
basalt

bank
hagar iswad
ishtara baftah, shash ras el-mal

buy

(to)

calico

capital

chips (rough stone)

dabsh

counting-house
credit (on)

maktab shukuk
deyn sowan hagar sowan

debt
flint

granite gravel leather

letter of

haswah
gild

exchange

limestone
linen

hawalah, kambialah hagar abiad, or hagar gir quttan

sulfah

loan
loss

khasarah
tagir
tin

merchant

mud
package pay to
profit

fardah
daf'a
bil

wafa

per cent.

sand sandstone
sell (to)

miyah fayidah, maksab rami

hagar ramleh
ba'a harir

silk

weight wool

wazn, tuql
suf

60
35.

Religious
English.

Words

for Missionary Worker^.

Arabic.

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

Jesus Christ
life

yasu'a cl masih

Lay at

death
right (justice) wrong (mistake) praise
spirit

mot
haqq
ghalat

hamd
ruh

heaven
peace heart

sama
salam
qalb
'aql
.

mind
love
faith

mall abb ah

emam
aman
sala (salla) raja

believe

prayer (pray)
iiope

whosoever
give receive everlasting
lost (lose)

min
iddl

qabal abadi

died
substitute instead of

mafqud mat
nayib
bedel 'an

blood
forgiveness forgive sins trust enter in salvation

dam
simati

samah
khataya
tiqa

holy spirit
holiness

dakhal khalas er ruh el quds qadasah

t'au

obey
clean

thoughts words
seek (ask for) gladness

nadlf afkar

kalimat
otlob inbisat

61

THE GRAMMAR OF ARABIC,

Remarks.
Arabic
is

a very rich language with numerous synonyms,

so much so that it has been described by a wag as a language in which every word has its own meaning and exactly the opposite, and a third meaning of some kind Fortunately for the common needs of life, of camel.

Arabic-speaking
of their

people

are

content with

an ordinary
the

vocabulary, and even the educated reserve

richness

mother-tongue for special occasions. The appalling thirteen forms of the verb of grammarians dwindle in practice to the intransitive, transitive, and an impersonal
form, with occasionally a passive form, and prepositions
are

considered

sufficient

without the inflection of the

various cases.

Again, the student has the building-up of

a vocabulary made more easy for him, by fairly consistent changes which are made in the roots to express various
ideas.

THE VERB.
root form is that of the 3rd person singular of the past tense of the verb.

The

From

this

means the

is formed most regularly a word which place or time of performing the action indicated

by the root form.

Thus, katab (he wrote) makes malctab (the place of
writing,
i.e.,

the

office).

Khazan (he treasured up) makes

makhzan

(the place of storing, hence our "magazine"). Sam (he fasted) makes mdusim (the time of fasting, hence our word "monsoon"). Rakab (he rode) makes merkeb
(a ship).

place),

Sharab (he drank) makes mashrab (the drinkingused in the form of mashrablch, the lattice-work


62

round native windows. Shorhah (properly s7joriat), a drink (Eng. "sherbet"), is another derivative from this root.*

The past

participle of a verb
like

is

also regularly formed,

and can be used

an

adjective.

maktuh, written. Thus, from hatab, he wrote, s/ia//rtZ, he worked, masJu/Jnll, hu.sy. ,, maftuh, opened. fatah, he opened, /(?//cm, he understood, ?(if/7(;()n, understood. ,,

The
medial

intransitive verb
letter
;

is made transitive by doubling the shaglujlial, he thus, shaglial, he worked

;

made to work. The impersonal form

French, and
Yitfdteh,
yitijlusil, is

is

constantly used as

it

is

in

formed by prefixing the sound of yit. it is opened (compare 11 s'oiivre in French); it is washed.
Auxiliary Verbs.

not troubled in Egyptian with many moods and the present serves also for the future; tenses. One tense the past tense is uniformly constructed from the root, and the auxiliary verbs to have and to he are represented by one form of auxiliary, which is here given and is typical of the inflections of all verbs

One

is

ana

aJa'in,

PRESENT OR FUTURE. ehna nekfm, I will be or become

we, &c.
you, &c. they, &c

(German
inta tekun,

werde)
intuvi tekilnu,

thou, &c. huiva yekun, he, &c.

PAST.

humma yeki'mu,

ana kunt,
inta kunt, huiva kdn,

was or became.

ehna kunna, we, &c. intum kuntu,

humma

kdnu.

* It is interesting to note the number of Arabic words that have been Imported into the Enf,'lish lansuaKe, besides the above and tlie well-linown forms generally besiiiniiig witli al or el, alchemy, almanac, alembic, elixir, algebra the last from an Arab mathematician with tlie appellation of Al Gebbar, the giant. Thus, many less distinctive words are found, such as admiral, arsenal, to drub, to booze, glioul, zany, 'popivjay, bug (not inThe introduction of these into our language is digenous to England). probably due to the Crusaders. The soldiers of later days are responsible for a great many Hindustani words in current use in our colloquial language, such as to crab (military term from Arabic root kharab), club, punch, bobbery. So long I and numerous others.


68

There is no verb corresponding to / am. It is omitted. Thus, ana mabsilt, I am contented; hnica faqlr, he is poor.
I have, etc., is formed with the preposition 'and (near) and the personal pronouns, as
'andi,
I

have.

'andak, thou hast. 'andii, he has.

we have. 'andekam, you have. 'andeJnun, they have.

'andena,
;

for the

I had is kdn 'audi, (there was near me) other persons.

and similarly

General Formation of Tenses.

An
all

ordinary verb katab, he wrote the verbs are formed similarly

:

is

here given, and

katab, he wrote,

kdtib, writing,

maktub, written.
niktib,

ana

aktib,

PRESENT OR FUTURE. I write 07' will write, ehna

inta tiktib,

intiim tiktibu,

hinva yiktib,
PAST.

hiunma
I wrote.

yiktibu.

ana

katdbt,

inta katdbt,

ehna katdbna, intum katdbtu,

hnwa
ana hint

katab,

humma
IMPERFECT.

katabu.

aktib,

was writing.

elina

kunna

niktib,

inta kunt tiktib,

Iiuwa kdn yiktib,

intum kuntu tiktihu, humma kdnu yiktibu.

I

ana kunt katdbt,

inta kunt katdbt,

had written.

PLUPERFECT. ehna kunna katdbna, intum kuntu katdbtu,

huwa kdn

katab,

humma kdnu

katabu.

Nearly all imperatives are formed uniformly, as Iktib Write! Imsik Take hold ofl 7ms/ Walk! or Go I/tali Open From masak, mdshi, fatah.
!

A form to express present action, to distinguish the present from the future, is often used, the present being given the prefix bi. Thus,
ana
baktib,

am

writing (now),
biyikt'tb,

inta bitiktib,

huwa

&c.


64

The verbs call for no further remark beyond the fact that there is a feminine form of the 3rd person sing., Thus, "she writes," Idya tiktib present and past tense. instead of yiktib; "she wrote," hlya katabet instead of Colkatab; similarly, "she was," kdn e t mstesid oi kan. lective nouns also take this feminine singular form; as El gemdl tdkal, the camels eat.

THE PRONOUN.
Except when governing the verb or as the subject of a sentence, the forms of personal pronouns a7ia, inta, huwa, &c., are not used, but another form as in 'andi, I have, quoted above; similarly, tahti, under me, ganbi, by my
side.

To
used.

express possession the word

bit'a,

belonging
bit'a-ii,

to, is

Thus, bit'ai, mine,

bit'ana, ours,

biVaak, thine, bWakum, yours,

his,

bWahum,

theirs.

But, unless
this

it is intended to lay stress on the possessive, Thus, generally replaced by the suffix. milki, my property wishak, your face; riglu, his leg, &c.

word

is

The dative form of the personal pronoun

the prefix
li,
I
:

is

made with

to

me,
to us,

lak,

to thee,

lu,

to

him,

lena,

lakum, to you,

lalium, to them.

FORMATION OF PLURALS.
The regular form of plural is made by the addition of In to masculine words and -at to feminine. The feminine
word generally ends in
as ah
a

(see p. 10)

and

is

transcribed

a simple noun and leh when a derivative It therefore causes little difficulty, and being noun. feminine in accordance with previously conceived ideas on the subject, one is not troubled with unreasonable

when

it is

As a set-off to this, the plurals of nouns disport themselves under so many guises that the above rule of adding -In and -at is chiefly of use in the formation of the plurals of adjectives and of feminine derivative nouns. The plurals of nouns* ring the following kinds of changes^
genders.
*

And

of

some

adjectives.


65

and each must be learnt as an exception.

Sing. Plur. Sing.

For instance
Plur.

shibdk, a
gebel,

window,

sliebablk.

a mountain, gebdl. merkeb, a ship, merdkib. beyt, a house, beyilt.

futah, a towel, heytah, a wall, walad, a boy, hakim, & doctor,

-eijn
;

foivdt.

heytdn. duldd.

hukam a.

The dual form

a

is

obtained by adding

thus, rdgil,

man

rdgileyri tdyyibeyn,

two good men.

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE.

with a qualifying the large army. It has no feminine or plural form. Before certain letters el suffers elision and duplicates the initial letter of the following esh shems, the sun. word. Thus, en ndr, the fire
definite article
el,

The

the, is repeated

adjective.

Thus

el

geysh

el keblr,

THE NEQATIVE.
The negative
of
is

peculiar.

*'

Not "

is viush,

compounded

ma, not, and shey, a thing, and can be separated like ne pas in French.

Thus,

"I know"

is

ma'arefsh or manish

""aref,

ana'arej; "I don't know," ana or simply mush 'aref.*

THE ADJECTIVE.
Comparative and Superlative.

The forms
Jiasan,

are regular, and as follows:

;

good (beautiful)

ahsan, better

el

ahsan, the best.

shdter, clever; ashter, cleverer; el ashter, the cleverest.

ketlr,

many (much)
great
e.g.,
;

aktir,

more
;

el aktir,

most

(classical, el aksir,
keblr,

hence " elixir").

el

akbar, greater

akbar, greatest.
is

Alldhu

'I

akbar

God

the greatest

Genders.

The feminine
letter hey.

of

adjectives

is

formed by adding the

Thus, the feminine form of the above words becomes hasanah, shdtirah, ketlrah, &c.
*

In the Sudan the form

S.-T.

is

ma b'aref,

and

is

more correct Arabic.

Egyptian

"

66

The

adjectives of colour are peculiar

ahiad, white; (fern.) bey da.

e.g.,

dhmar, red

(fern.)

liamara (hence Alhambra).

list

of these

is

given on page 34.

POLITE DICTION.
not impolite, as in most European languages, to use the 2nd person singular but it is usual in speaking Thus, instead to equals to use the word hdderet, presence. of inta, thou, and Imwa, he, one says politely hddretak, hddretu. It is not necessary when the expression used is in itself polite Kattar khei/rak, as, Min fadlak, Please Thank you Alldh yehfdzak, God keep you Nehdrak ia,%d, Good morning Leyltak sa'ldah, Good evening
It
is
; ; ! 1
!

If the person addressed is of

much

higher rank, the

word sa'adetak or sa'adetkum should be used, and pronounced sa'ddtak, sa'ddtkum.

be familiar with the expressions by which invoked. Thus, Allah! is often "used during a pause in conversation Bkviillah ! In the name of God (on starting work or a journey) Insha, Allah I Please God Masha, Allah! an expression (used constantly for per/m^js) of surprise or admiration (in the latter case with the Yallah ! By God intention of avoiding the evil eye). (used always for " Go on " " Let us proceed " &c.).*
It is well to
is

God

On

entering a

room

or house, one
!)

is

addressed with the

cordially with

words Marhabba! (Welcome

or

more
!).

Ahlan

wa sdhlan! (Make

yourself at

home

As a rule, the expression Saldm 'aleykum ! (Peace be upon you !) is reserved by Mohammedans for Mohammedans,

but

if

answered by 'Aleykum

used to a Christian or other should be es saldm ! (On you be peace 1).

occasions of making an word Itfdddal (Be be used as a preliminary.
all

Politeness requires that on

gracious)

offer of a seat, cigarette, coffee, &c., the

must

WalUih

is

a form of oath for "

By Godl

67

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND

SENTENCES.
Useful and Necessary Expressions.
English.

Aeabic Phonetic Pronunciation. akhlran

At

last

allow me are you hungry? be careful, open your eyes

ismah

li

inta ga'an
ifta^ 'eynak

begone out with you by all means certamly come back

imshi
1

itl'a

barra

'ala kulli lial

la budd,
irg'a

m'alum, na'am

come here come in

do you hear ? do you know ? excuse me
forgive

hena hush inta sam'a?

ta'ala

idkhol,

inta arif, or ta'araf

me

samili ni, or

ma

ta'akhiznish

from here good-bye go away go on

give

min hena m'a es-salamah ruh min hena

imshi
iddl-ni, a'atl-ni

me
times ?
!

how many

kam marrah
ya inta
fil
I

holloa there

oh you
(in this

immediately
time) impossible
in front of
!

waqt, halan

ma yumkinsh
qodam
fil

in future (afterwards)
it

qabil (ba'adeyn)
bil 'agal

means {i.e.) make haste

ya'ani

qawam,

many thanks

barakat warsin

68
English.

Arabic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

never mind no
take care
tell
1

ma'aleysh
la

'oal
qul-li

me
you

thanks
tliank
that's another thing

shokr
allah yahfdrZ-ak deh shey tani

the sooner the better (to-day, before to-morto the rear [row) very bad very much very nice very often (much) very well
1

en nahar deh qabl bukra

li

wara

radi, bil

liamm

qawi kwayls khalis

ketir

ketir
tfiyyib,

'azim
? ? ?

what what what

?
is is

eysh
this for ? this ?
'ala

huwa

or eysh

deh

ey deh deh ey deh

who is there? who is this ? why ?

yes

min henak ? da min deh ?

ley? na'am, aywa

Simple and Practical Phrases. akhkh any news ? fi khabar ?

Alas
1 !

are you in a hurry ? as you like (to your pleasure)

inta mista'agil ?
'ala

keyfak

bring a liglat here bring me bring me a chair call the servant

hat nur hena?

gib
li,

hat-li

hat kiirsi inda el khaddam

erg'a tiza'alnlsh tinsHsh taqul-lush inta teftekr? or inta tezunn? inta fahim ? or fahemt ?

come back do not annoy me

do not forget
don't
tell

him

ma ma ma

do you think ? do you understand? do as you please, )

please yourself
J

bi khatirak

69
English.

Arabic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

get up give him give him a second one, give me [one' give me a different give me a little of
[this go back go more slowly go more quickly good evening good morning to you he appealed (against

qum
iddih; iddl-lu iddlh (or iddl-lu) tani
iddl-ni
;

a'atini

iddl-ni wa^iid gheyr-u iddl-ni shuwayah min

deh

erg 'a

imshi bishweysh imshi bil 'agal

leylt-ak sa'idah

sabah el-kheyr istanaf

07'

neharak
[sa'ld

the judgment of a

Court of Justice)

he he he

is is

a liar

drunk is under

my

huwa kaddab huwa sakran huwa ta^it 'eydi huwa huwa huwa
zaalan ketir 'ayyan t'allam el 'arabi wahid-u
qal-ni

orders (hand)

he is very angry [himself he is ill he learned Arabic by he told me hold your tongue,
(shut up) (end)

bi-

[nafs-u

oskut (ikhlas)

how do you do ? how many ? how many piastres ? how much ? how much do you
sell this (it)

salamat

or

ez-zeykum
?

kam ? or qad eyh kam qirsh ? kam?

tibi'a

deh bikam

for?

how
to

must
?

we

go

'anhu

et tarlq ila

astonished going I not able I cannot (it is not

I
I

am am am

ana m.ota'aggib ana raih

ma ma
ma

aqdersh

yumkinnlsh

possible for
I assure I
I
I

me

to)

you

ana a'akid lak

'andlsh

have not am angry with you

am

cold

ana za'alan wayyak ana bardan

70
Eugllsh.

ArabicPhonetic

Pronunciation.

I I I I
I

am hungry am not hungry [to it am tired am not accustomed am wrong

ana ga'an ana mush ga'an ana t'aaban ana ma llsh 'adah el haqq 'aleya

flh

cannot do not care I do not know I do not speak the Arabic language I cannot learn Arabic if you speak English I have no appetite I have no passport
I
I

ma
ana

aqdarsh

ma

'ala ball

ma ma
ma

'arafsh

atkallimsh

el

loghah

el

'arabieh

aqdarsh at'alim 'arabi iza

llsh nafs

kan inta tetkallim bilingellz

live at

ma ma

'andlsh tazkarah
ti

ana sakin

I never I I

saw him
to

ma

shuftush abadan
'ayiz)

want want

I will
if is
it

buy not (am not

?

ana 'awiz (or 'auz, or ana 'awiz ishtiri ana mush radi

you please [willing)

everything ready is not necessary

min fadlak kuU shey hader ?

mush lazim
el-haqq 'aleyk

it is

your fault
not

it is

my

fault

am

mistaken
raining hard

it is
it is it is

too late

ana ma 'andish 'eyb [("shame ") ana ghaltan yetmattar qawi wakhri ketir
harr ketir
khallik 'ala yiminak
iklibat el
salllf-ni

very hot keep to the right knock at the door lend me let me help you light the candle
light the tire

bab

khalll-ni 'annak

lock the door

walla esh shama'a walla en-nar iqfil al bab bilkeylun

bil-'agal

make

haste

my words have made

no impression on

him
hear

(he did not

kalami ya

ma

sama'usb

oh

word) how dirty yon are

my

ma-inta wisekh

71
English.

Ababic Phonetic Pronunciation.

iftah el

open the door

permit

bab
gavas,

me

ismali-li, or Izin-li

ring the bell

rinn

el el

doqq
radd

garas
bab,

shut the door

sit

iqfil el

el bilb

down, please
!

itfaddal oq'od

speak plainly speak the truth

take care take it
tell
tell
!

no

lies

itkallam bil'ali qui bil liaqq ihtazar ma takdibsh

!

khud-u
[straight)

him
the

qul-lu

truth

(it

thank you that's enough

there is no harm they are all alike this annoys me very [much wait here wait until he comes walk slowly

qui doghri kattar kheyrak bass 01- bi-ziadah ma fish darar kullohum zey ba'ad
I

deh yiza'alni ketir

istanna hena istanna lihdd

ma

yeygi

imshi

'ala

mahlak

we will eat what are you doing ? what did he say ? what does it contain
?

'auzin nakul bit'amil eyh ? qal eyh ?

fib

eyh

what do you say ? what do you want ? what have you got ? what is that ? [ence ? what is the differwhat is the matter ? what is the news ? what is this ? what is to be done ? what is your name ? what is your opinion? you what makes
angry
?

bitqul eyh ? 'auz eyh ?

eyh 'andak? eyh deh ? el fark eyh ? el khabar eyh ? el khabar eyh ? eysh huwa ? el 'amal eyh? ismak eyh ? takhminak eyh

inta za'alan leyh ?

es sa'ah

what o'clock is it ? what pay does he get?

mahlyat-u

kam ? kam?

72
English.

Akabic.

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

what shall I do ? where are you ? where are you going? where do you live ? where is he now ? which house is yours? which horse will you
ride?
will
will

ana a'mil izzay ? inta feyn ? inta raih feyn ? inta sakin feyn ? huwa feyn dilwaqti anhi beyt bit'aak ? anhu hosan tirkab ?
tismah
li ?

you allow me ? you oblige me ? will you take this ? who told you ? you must go now you are late you are right (the
truth
is

'amil ma'artif

takhod deh

?
?

min

qal lak

lazim teruh dilwaqt

inta ta.akhart
el

in

your

haqq

bi

eydak

hands)

Directions to

Workmen.
*'
;

Bring a hoe
bring a basket bring rope dig here take from before you take from behind you make it wider deeper yet go down deeper go down to water

hat turieli (u) hat fas hat ghalaq (muqtaf) hat habl

(l)

hena imsek min qodam imsek min wara

ifhat

'amal-u was'a ziadah

ghawit

lissa

inzel wati lissa inzel lil moyyah inzel

lil

go down

to

native

'ard sahih

earth go thus take care of

leave
it

it

mashi keda bishweysh min

iqlib-u

deh

{lit.,

complete
the

khalllh salim [slowly with

it)

turn

do

over not break

it

ma
fi

tiksar-ush et tub

Dricks are there

mud bricks or burnt bricks ?

See

tub nai au tub

ahmar

p. 13.

73
English.

Akabic.
1

Phonetic

Pronunciation.

work, oh boy
pull
;

push
it

ishtaghal ya walad shidd or shil [carry)

turn

dauwar-u
ta'ala qls esh-shoghl

come and measure the work

but measure
it

m'teqis-u
the
el

how much
wages
the
,,

are

ograh

kam

?
is
,,

work

by the day

esh shoghl bil

,,

yom

measure this is very tough I cannot lift it up it is needful to have

,,

bil qias

deh yabis khalas ma aqdarsh ashil-u lazim nas ziadah

more men ornament (-ed)

inscription (inscribed) mound of ruins

rasm (mersum)
kitabah (maktub)

kom, or
shuqf

tell

potsherds

cemetery
grave

gabbanah
turbah, pin. turab

Travel Talk. Arrival.

I

want a boat
for us

'auz

wahed felukkah
bil

this is not big enough

it will not do can you take our luggage with you?

deh mush keblr 'ala shan-na

la
!

kifayah

no

ma yenf'ash teqdar takhod el 'afsh

na wayyak?

bit'a-

certainly, sir
I

[porter

ommal ya

sidi*

you a he can carry the lot by himself; he is strong he has a cart, too
will bring

agib lak wahed shayyal yeqdar yeshll kullu bi nafs-u; [karro huwa gad'af 'andu kaman wahed 'arableh

there

is first

the cus[carriage

auwalan

fi

taftlsh el

gumruk

tom-house examination

we
*

will

go

in

the

ehna neruh
I

fil

'arableh

Ommal corresponds to "Katherl Used politely t Gad'a (lit., brave). especially in the streets, to make way.

when

should thinli so." calling out to any man,

74
English.

Aeabic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

you must come with

us
tell

lazim inta teygi wayya-na

qul-li el

[fare is

me how much the how much is the fare

to the station?

bi

kam

el

ograh bi kam ograh lil mahattah?

each

person four piastres [much ? and the porter, how he is entitled to ask

kul shakhs arb'aa qurush

wa'sh shayyal, kam ? haqq-u [Ids right] qirsheyn, wa huwa biyetlob baqshish 'ala shan harr ketir wa'l 'afsh
teqil

two
is

piastres,

and

asking for baqshish because it is hot and the luggage is heavy is the luggage correct? eleven pieces you left one in the steamer you must send the porter to enquire about it
[by God] I there quite forgot it, sir
1

el 'afsh

tamam ?
wahedah
fil

had'ashra hittah*
inta fut

wabur

lazim

tirsel

esh-shayyal yis.al

'an-u

w'allah

ana neslt-u khalas

ya
el

sidi

[0

my
it

master]
!

thank goodness

hamdu

I'illah

fi

had

someone
ing

is

bring-

biyeglb-u dilwaqti

now

The Railway.
Is the station far? no ; a quarter of an
el

la

mahattah ba'id ? masafah rob'a s'aah bas3

hour's distance only

whendoesthetraingo?
in half-an-hour

el

wabur

yesafir

imta?

b'ad
'ala

anyhow,
start

it

will not

nuss sa'ah kulli hal ma yesafirsb

\after']

before

mails come we need not hurry

*

the [then

qabli

ma

teygi el bosta
nist'agil

mush lazim
is

baqa

Hittah

(sing.).

Beyond ten the singular

always p-ed.

75
English.

Aeabic.

Phonetic Pronunciation.

please go and get the tickets I want four first-class there is a ticket short
I will never mind bring you another
!

min

fadlak ruh wa gib et tazakir [ula 'auz arb'aa mehellat daragah

1

fi tazkarah naqes m'aleysh agib lak wiihedah

kaman

and the money

is it

w'al

filus,

tamam?

[comjdete]

right ? one piastre is bad [by the life of your

father] I swear
it

wahed qirsh batal wa hayat abuk huwa tayyib

1

[only old is good you are right, it is 1 would like to ask

lak haqq,

huwa qadmi
is,al et

bass

ana biddi

terguman

the interpreter there is no need to I will ascertain from him, all the same the luggage goes without extra charge no I have paid 15 piastres here's the receipt [journey I wish you a good you are travellers
I ;

ma

fish lezum ana istdfhem min-u bardu

el 'afsh yertih

ballash

la

ana dof 'aat khamast'ashrah qirsh ah6 el wasl

;

[safety)

how

long have you been in Egypt ? we arrived only today [Cairo ? are you going to

m'a es salamah (lit. with hadretkum musafirin baqa lakum kam yom fi berr Masr?
I

wasalna en nehar deb bass

we

shall stay there

four days waiting for the steamer it is not enough you require 2 or 3 weeks at least our intention is to see everything be;

intum rayhin fi Masr ? noqod henak arb'at eyyam, mustannin el wabur

ma

yekfish

lazim

aqall

guma'ateyn telatah
qasdena neshuf kullu qabli

ma

nirg'a

fil

bilad

el

we go back England
fore

to

inc:eliz

76
English.

Arabic.

Phonetic Pronunciation.
;

good

perhaps

kway-is
Sa'id

insha,allah
tirga'u

ashuf-

shall see

you when you return from Upper Egypt

kum lamma
insha,allah

min

es

please

God

An
Wake me
early the morning
in

Excursion.
salii-ni badri es

subh

we are going to see the

Pyramids to-morrow do you want me to get the donkeys ready?
perhaps we shall go in a carriage, but

elina rayliin neshuf el

ahram

bukra hadretak 'auz in-ni aliaddar el hemir?

yumkin

neruli
'ala

fi

'arableh,
kulli

walakin

hal

anyhow we
yes,
;

shall

nakhod akl wayya-na

hadir ya sidi, yibqa tamam
kulli

take food with us everything siiwill be all right you must take the necessaries for tea the teapot, the spirit, matches and everymust be thing
I

shey
el

lazim

takhod el ashya lowazimah li shai

sbirlt, kabrit,

el abriq, es

wa

lazim kullu

yitlaff

fi

waraq

wrapped in paper have wrapped up everything and put

it

ana
fil

laffeyt kullu

wa

hotteyt-u

qafas

into the basket

we can buy oranges

and melons on the [the wine way good do not forget we want to go up the Pyramids just as you wish, sir
;

yumki'nna nishteri bortoqan

wa shammam (or wa ehna fi sikkali

tayyib
;

batikh)

ma

tinsash en nebid
el

biddinna nitl'a
zey

ahram
[effendim
keyfak),

ma

terld

(or

it is

not

difficult,

but

deh

mush

sa'ab,

walakin

one will bring two men to go up with you

it tires

yit'ab el insan {man) agib ragileyn yitl'au wayya

hadretak

this is

not necessary

deh mush daruri

77
English.

Ababic Phonetic

Pronunciation.

strong and can go up alone [once get the tea ready at the horse is going lame, and is very
tired

am

ana gamid wa aqdar

nafs-i

atl'a bi

haddar esh shai halan el hosan biy 'urog wa ta'aban

ketir

the driver is beating the horse without any reason he knows his business he is not cruel another time I will take someone else they are all alike

el

arbaggi biyidrab

el

hosan

bidun sabab
y'araf shoghl-u huwa mush qasi
tani

marrah

akhod wahed

gheyr-u

kuUohum
'atiiilt

have you made an account of what you have spent ?

zey ba'ad hisab min el

illi

felus

{inoney)

sardft-u ?

On
I

the Nile.

have seen the dahabieh, and it is a

very fine boat

ana shuft ed dahabieh wa hiya merkeb 'aal

nazzdlt kul
el 'afsh ?

have you brought all the luggage down ? have you brought the vegetables and mutton, fowls and eggs
also provisions for
if

ishtereyt el khodarat wa lahm dani, wa firakh wa beyd;

wa

t'ayyinat

lil

merakbieh

the crew ? the wind

is not enough, we must

iza

kan

el

hauwa
kafi,

{or er rih)

mush
'aamil
el

lazim

nist-

use the oars [tiful the weather is beau-

el

maqadlf

can we land and see

the town after sunset ? as you wish, sir; the people but here are bad we are not afraid

hauwa kway-is yumkinna ninzel neshuf el balad deb, b'ad el maghreb ? zey ma terld hadretak, walakin en nas hen^ batalln

ehna mush khaifin

78
English.
if

Aeabio. Phonetic Pronunciation.

you walk on this

side of the town,

iza timshi nahayadeh balad, ma fish ba,_as

min

el

there
tion
I

is

no objec[boat
is
!

wonder where the

there it is, south of the town, on the east bank

el merkeb feyn ya tara ah6, qibli min el balad, 'ala taraf esh sliarqi
!

to-morrow we

will go shooting together there are pigeons and quail and sometimes sandgrouse

bukra neruLi saua

fi

lis-seyd

saua

hammam wa
ba'ad
el

siman wa ahyan qatt'a

want someone

to

carry the cartridges and the basket with the food you will keep (walking) on the right and lin the middle quail are always to be found in the

'auz walied ragil yeshll el fishenk wa'l qafas bil akl

tekun

inta mashi 'ala yeniln wa ana fil wust

el

es

siman tamdlli maugudin

fi'l

qam^i

wheat you keep behind me and be silent [for it I hit it; go and look I am tired, and it is
very late
it is

khallik wara-ni

wa

oskot

ana sibt-u ruh dauwar 'aleyh ana t'aaban wa wakhri ketir

;

[luck

we have had good

nearly six, and we are hungry the Berberines are

bakhtena (our luck) tayyib sa'ah sitteh taqriban wa ehna

ga'anin
el

good

fellows,

and

thoroughly acquainted with the river certainly, they work hard, and are not
[their pay lazy they are asking for it is not due yet

Barabra nas (people) tayyibin wa 'arifin el bahr bil kullieh

ma'alum, yishtaghalu giddan

wa mush

kaslanin [bit'a^thum
el

humma
lissa

talibin

mahiyah

mush wafa

79
English.

Ababic Phonetic
sahlh,

Pronunciation.

that

is

true,

but they

walakin

bidduhum
lil

want
if

to buy things
is
is

yishteru hagat
fi

fantasieh

for the fantasia

this

the

case

baza

el

l.ial,

ma

fish

there
tion

no objec-

man'a

they are very pleased;

too would like to serve you
I
all

humma
'umr-i

mabsutin

khalas
'auz
till

and

ana wa akhdam

kaman
hadretak

my

life

perhaps we will go together another time please God I will go south with your next excellency
year
will

yumkin neruh saua marrah taniah

insha,allah aruh qibli

saua

wayya
gay ah

jenabak es senah

illi

you give me a testimonial, please?

! I

tiddi-ni
alldih

shehadah min fadlak?

God keep you

good-bye

yaljfazak

m'a

es

salamah

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

Weight. -99 144 dirhem make 1 rotl or pound = = 2'75 1 oqqa 400 dirhem ,, =99*05 Ikantar 100 rotl
Length. measure) _op.Q
"~
j

lb. av.
,,

English.
,, ,,

1 pik (the principal

'

for cloth
I qasab

and

silk)

"
,,

=11
Surface.
1

ft.

7-7G in.

400 square qasah make

or acre
...

feddan,
...

...

=1

acre 6 rods

,,

Capacity.

24

ri(6'a

make

rtrc/e/j
is

...

=5'44 bushels
lor weight

,,

N.B. The metric system

commonly used

and length.


80

EGYPTIAN MONEY.

Egyptian Value.

Systematic Name.
1

English

"Valujb.

MilUeme

id.

10 Millihnes

1 Piastre or Qirsh

=
English Money.

2id.

ARABIC NAME.

Egyptian Monet.
'

American Money.
d.

Piastres. Mill'mes.

s.

Dels. Cents

Gold

Coins,
)

Giney Masri (the Egyptian pound) Nuss Giney Silver Coins. Hiydl Masri ...
Niiss lliyal

100
j

1000
500

50

10

3
1
.3

50

20 10
5

Hub' a Riydl ... Qirsheyn Qirsh (Piastre)

2
1

200 100 50 20
10
5

2
1

50 25
5

2i

Nickel Coins.
Nuss Qirsh 2 Milliemes
1

MilUeme

TO 1 TO
are

2
1

of

2
1

There

Copper pieces

and

\ MilUeme

{2-Para and 1-Para pieces);

the very poor.
Note.

these

are

used only by

English

tourists are

recommended

to

have their

credit notes cashed in

English Gold.

The following
Piastres. Millifimes.

are valued as under

The English Sovereign The French Napoleon

William Bbown &

(1)
(20f.)

97.5

77.1i

Co., Ltd., St.

Mary Axe, London, E.G.

Telephone CENTRAL 9340. Telegraphic Address; '"MARLBOROUGH. CENT, LONDON."

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CHINESE.
DANISH.

ch:i]n^b:s:e:.
Chinese Self-Taught (Tbinim's System) in Chinese and Roman Characters by J. DARROCH, D.Lit., Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Educational Association of China. Containing Syllabary and Pronunciation as spoken by the Had rins and Official Class, Comparative Sound 'J'able, Phonetic Values of Vowels used, Clashifiod Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Commerci>il, Trading and Religious Terms, Travelling by Railway, Road and Steamboat. The Numerals, Money with English and American Values, Second Edition. 1916. Crown 8vo., Weights and Measures.
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"

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"It is altogethpr a simple guide to the mastery of this difficult language, and we most warmly recommend it." The Medical Times.

DANISH.
Danish Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by W.
F.

HARVEY, m.a.
:

Containing Classified With P^nglish Phonetic Pronunciation. Elementary Grammar; and Conversations; Vocabularies Commercial, Travel Talk Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases Trading. Cycling, Photograpbic, Shooting and Fishing Terms; Money with illustration of Danish coinage and English and American values, Weishis and Measures. 1914. Third edition.
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Danish and Norwegian Grammar, by H.

LUND.

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DUTCH.

EGYPTIAN.

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;

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Travellers' Practical Manual of Conversation. No. 2 (Marlborough's) English, French, German and DUTCH, in one book. Containing Travel Notes, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations for Railway, Steamer, Customs, Hotel, Shopping, Sight-seoing, Photography, Cycling, Motoring, subjects arranged alphabetically. Tables of Money, Weights and Measures. Comprehensive Dictionary of Words in Daily Use. Second Edition. 1914. Crn. 12mo., brown wrapper, round corners ... 1/0

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Dutch Washing Book by C. A.

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EGYI>TIAN.
Egyptian (Arabic) Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM. Revised and Enlarged by Major S. Marriott, D.S.O. Contains Alphabet and Phonetic Pronunciation, Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Idiomatic Phrases, Travel Talk, Tables of ]\Ioney, Weights and Measures. With an illustrated plate of the Egyptian coinage. Fourth Edition. 1914. Crown 8vo., 80 pp., blue wrapper ...
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We

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ENGLISH.

ENOLISM.
English Commercial Correspondence

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for A.I.L.,

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and Abroad, by London. Containing

Commercial Phrases and Letters with lutroductory Notes and Hints; Filing, Indexing and Precis writing Specimen indexand Precis; Commercial Terms and Abbreviations. 1913 Demy 8vo., ... ... ... ... fawn wrapper. 104 pp. ... ... ... 1/0
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ENGLISH

for the

FRENCH. GERMANS. ITALIANS and SPANI'^H

L'Aiiglais sans Maitre (English Self-Taught for the

.

FRENCH),

;Metl>odeThimm. parM.li HLBERT. Cinquieme edition, Revue et agiandie. Avec la piononciatiou de tons les mots, pour apprenVocabulaires, La Grammaire dre la langue Angiaise soi-menie Phrases et Locutions de Conversation, Le Voyage, Le Commerce, Cyciisme, Automobilisme, Photographic, La Divertissements, Morn lie, Poids et IMesures, &c. Avec Reproductions des Monnaies 1915. Couverture verte ... Angluises. Crown 8vo., 128 pp. 1/0
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Der Englische Dolmetscher (English Self-Taught for GERMANS), Methode Thimm, by W. von KNOBLAUCH. Mit Englisher Durchgesehen von Heinuich Zweitc- Aufiage. Aussprache. Worterverzeichuisse, gehiauchliche I!edensarten DoKGKEL. und Gespiaclie, Elumentar Grammatik, Lese- und Schreibiibungen,
kaufmaiinisclie,
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jundische,

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Redensarten und Gespiiiehe, Aiisdriicke und Gesprache fiir R4d-, Motor-fahrer und Pnoiograp.lien, Gesprache iiber Theater und Vergniigungen. Mit Abbildungen des englischen Geldes. ... Crown 8vo., 120 pp. 1909. Preis Orange broschiert ... 1/0

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L'Inglese Irrparato da se (English Self-Taught for ITALIANS), by G. DALLA VECCHIA. Con la pi-onuncia fonetica. Contenenfe: Vocabolari, Parole e Frasi di Conversuzi ue.

La Gram-

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FINNISH.
7

ESPERANTO.

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Self-Taught for para Cada Cual (English SPAN^^^RDS), Metodo Marlborough, por William CHEVOB. Con pronunciacioii fonetica. Para aprender el Ingles j)or si mismo. El Alfabeto con sa Pronuuciacion, Vocabularios, La Grarndtica Inglesa, Ejercicios Locuciones conversacionales y Prases, El Viaje, Vocablos comerciales. La Bicicleta, El Automovil, Potografia, Diversiones, Las Monedas, Moneda, Pesos y Medidas, Illustracion de la jNIoiieda Inglesa, Tarifa Postal, ... Crown 8vo., 128 pp. Ediciou Segunda 1918. P^n Rustica 1/0

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With Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Conveisations, Travel Talk for Rail Road and
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Active-Service French Book, The, for Soldiers and Sailors. Containing The Soldiers' anguage Manual, No. i, ^i>,lishFrench, by AJAX. French for the Front, by E. F. HARRIS.
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Complete French Reader, The, by A.

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French Grammar

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exemplified with Model Sentences, Auxiliary Verbs, Synoptical Table of the four Conjugations, Irregular Verbs, Exercises, Alphabetical Vocabulary. 1914. Crn. 8vo., 136 pp., brown cloth 1/6 Key (Sc/woZ^</iHo>i), by J. LAFFITTE, B.-^s-L. Crn. 8vo. 32 pp., blue wrapper 6d A di>itinctiy able grammar, one that can be recommended without reservHtion to beginners." Pitman's Journal. French Grammar by F. AHN. A Practical and Easy Method of AUTHOR'S 14th EDITION. learning the French Language. Edited and Revised by C. A. Thimm. Demy 8vo., 220 pp., cloth 2/6
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French Pronunciation Made Easy, by M. H.

Fourth Edition. Re-written & Enlarged Containing Vowel Sounds. Consonants, Accents & Signs, The Nasal, Division of Words, Quantity, Rules on Proper Nouns, Reading Exercises with Phonetic Pronunciation.

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French Self-Taught (Thimm's System). Entirely new and enlarged For learning Revised by J. LAFFITTE, B.-6s-L. edition. the language by the Natural Method with Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Alphabet and Pronunciation, The Nasal Sound,
Articles, Gender, Accent, &c.. Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Travel Talk, Commercial, Trading, Naval and INIilitary Terms, Amusements, I^Iotoring, Cycling, Photography, Tables of Money, with English and American Values, Weights and Measures, and Plate of French Coinage. ... 1/0 Second Edition. 1914. Crn. Bvo., 148 pp., blue wrapper

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French Technical Words and Phrases, by J. A. STANDRING and C. A. THIMM: an English-French and French-English Dictionary of Technical Words, Business Terms and Phrases used in Commerce, Arts, Sciences, Professions and Trades. With an appendix of Tables of Money, Weights and Measures (Metric
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Second Edition enlarged 1905. 16mo., 224

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French Verbs at a Glance, The. by Mariot de BEAUVOISIN A Summary, exhibiting the Best System of Conjugation by which the forms of any French Verb may be ascertained, with numerous Practical Illustrations of their Idiomatic Construction, Copious Notes, and a List of the Principal Verbs. Demy 8vo.
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94th Edition

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10

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French Washing Book by C. A.

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Les Aventures de Gil Bias {1st book), by M. de BEAUVOISIN. For Self-Instruction. With introductory English verbal translaDemy 8vo., 100 pp., cloth flush ... tion, and numerous notes.

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Rules of French Grammar at a Glance, by O. F. CAMPHUIS. For Teachers and Students. Being a summary of the difficulties of the language in a practical and simplified form, as a Textbook for use in the class, and in preparation for examinations.

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(The), No. 1. By AJAX. ENGLISHContaining Pronunciation, Notes on Grammar, FRENCH. Time, Days, Dates, Greetings, On the Road, Correspondence, Requirements, Military, Naval and Red Cress Terms, Money, Size 6 x 3^. Weights and Measures. Sixth Edition. 1915. .. ... ... ... ... ... 3d< 24 pp.., coloured wrapper

Language Manual

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Toujours Pret, by Toreau de MARNEY the Ideographic French Reader on Modern Scientific Principles. With Vocabulary. ... ... ... ... ... Crown 8vo., 104 pp., wrapper ...
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Travellers'

Manual of Conversation. Practical (Marlborough's), English, FRENCH, German and Italian, in one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring, &c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified ConThe Numerals, versations, subjects arranged alphabetically. Weights and Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in Fourth Edition. 1914. Crown 12mo., 152 pp., red daily use. ... ... ... ... ... 1/0 .wrapper, round corners
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FRENCH
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Containmg Alphabet and Pronunciation, Rules of Grammar exemplified with Model Sentences, Auxiliary Verbs, Irregular Verbs, Exercises and Reading Lesi^oiis in German Characters,
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German Handwriting.
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German and English Commercial Correspondence,

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With Phraseology,

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mercial, Banking, Insurance, Shipping, Forwarding, Market, Telegraphic, Export and Import Terms, and Tables of German Money, Weights and ^Measures. New Revised and Enlarged Edition. 1905. Demy 8vo., 120 pp., fawn wrapper ... ... 1/0

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German Technical Words and Phrases, by C. A. THIMM and W. von KNOBLAUCH. An English-German and GermanDictionary of Technical Words, Business, Aviation, Medical, Military, Shipping Terms and Phrases used in Commerce, Arts, Sciences, Professions and Trades. With appendix of Tables of Money, Weights and ]\Ieasures. Second Edition, 1913. 16mo., 224 pp., red cloth 2/6
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'

English

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little

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usehil."

German Letter-Writer, Marlborough's Personal and

Social (gcutschrv *)rtcf5tclln-) by F. FRANCK. Eevised and enlarged byJ.C. H. Schafhausen. Introduction: How a German Letter Titles of should be written The form of a German Letter. Secular Rank, of the Protestant Clergy, of Spiritual Rank (Roman Catholics), of Ladies. Idiomatic Phrases and Polite forms generally used at the beginning and end of letters. Letters Notes, Orders, Commissions, Applications and Replies, Invitations, Congratulations and Announcements, Painful Announcements and Condolences, Letters of Recommendation, of Thanks, Reproofs and Excuses, Friendly Letters and Enquiries, Descriptive Letters, Letters to Persons of High Rank, Letters of Celebrated German Authors. 1911. Crown 8vo., 128 pp., wrapper 1/0
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GERMAN
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Interlinear
literal

with the German Reading Book, by F. ConEnglish translation on the Hamiltonian System. taining a selection of Tales by celebrated German Authors, progressively arranged for use in Classes, or for self-study. Revised according to the new German Orthography. Edited by ... 1/0 1901. Crown 8vo., 101 pp., paper wrapper C. A. Thimm.
Do.

HAHN,

do, cloth
method should prove
distinctly helpful

1/6

" If rightly used, the interlinear

to the private student."

Practical Teacher-

Soldiers'

GERMAN.

(The), No. 2. By AJAX. ENGLISHContaining Pronunciation, Notes on Grammar, Time. Days, Dates, Greetings, On the Road, Correspondence, Requirements, Military, N wal, and Red Cross Terms, Words of Command, Numerals, Money, Weights and Measures. 3d. 24 pp., coloured wrapper Size 6 X 3^.

Language Manual

Manual of Conversation. Practical Traveller's No. 1 (Marlborough's) English, French, GERMAN,* Italian, in one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring, &c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations, subjects arranged alphabetically. The Numerals, Weights and Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in daily use. Fourth Edition, 1914. Crown 12mo., 152 pp., red wrapper, 1/0 ... ... ... ... round corners ...
Do.
do.,

green cloth, round corners

...

...

...

...

1/6

Do.
Traveller's

do., leather, with tuck-in flap,

round corners

2/6

Practical

Manual

of

Conversation.

No. 2 (uniform with No. 1). English, French, GERMAN, and Dutch. Second Edition, 1914. Crown 12mo., 152 pp., brown . 1/0 .. ... ..... ... ... ... wrapper

Do.
Do.
" Will

do., cloth

1/6

do., leather

tuck in

flap,

round corners

2/6

meet every need of every traveller; but this little book, which is compact in form and can easily be carried in a jacket pocket, should be a valuable companion to many whose love oi European travel is greater than their knowledge of European languages." 'iVie Field.
" This

book

is

indispensable to

all travellers, especially

those visiting

HoUand." r?i<? Steamship.

"There are a very large number of plain and practical everyday questions, which are used in daily conversations which are not found in many guides. Boekespreking.

London: E.

MARLBOROUGH &

Co., Publishers, 51,

Old Bailey, E.G.

14

GERMAN

(eontd.).

GREEK

{Modern).
Net

MARLBOROUGH'S SERIES OF GERMAN CLASSICS.

Egmont. [Kgmont, a
Tragedy.] by by 0. von Woguern. 2nd Edition.

GOETHE.

With English Notes

...

E'cajj. 8vo., cloth

...

1/6

" These plays can be used for Class-Heading. grammatical, and exi)lanatory."

The notes

are historical,

Die Jungfrau von Orleans [The Maid of Orleans.], by Friedrich von SCHILLER. With English Notes by Mathias Meissner.
2nd. Edition. F'cap. 8vo., cloth
... ... ... ...

...

1/8

Collection of celebrated Tales and Novels by

German Authors.
des
...

Das

Friiulcin

von Scuderi, by G. T. A.
...

HOFFMANN
Vierzehnten.
...

Erzablung aus dem Zeitalter 2nd Edition. P'cap 8vo., cloth

Ludwig's
...

...

1/0

Der Hauskrieg, by Gottfried

Niederrhein.

KINKEL
12mo., cloth

Eine Geschichte vom

... ...

2nd Edition.

...

...

1/0

Der todte Gast, by Heinrich P'cap. 8vo., cloth

ZSCHOKKE.

Novelle. 2ndEdition.
....

1/0

"This selection has met with great success. The idea has been to choose only such as are in themselves excellent and entertaiiiiug."

Preface.

Fabeln [Fables

in prose and verse.] by Witli English ISotes by A. E. Hill.

,

LESSING.
F'cap. 8vo., cloth

1/0

" Of a classic simplicity.

Text-book for Government Examinations."

are specially adapted for School Reading,

The following

and may be easily acted.

12uio., paper

GERMAN PLAYS
wrapper
...

With English Notes by A. E. HILL.

Der Blumenkranz. Der Eierdieb, by Christolph von

...
... ...

SCHMID.
...

...

...

9d.

Die Erdbeeren und Der kleine Kaminfeger, by Christolph von SCHMID 12mo., paper wrapper 9d.

Emma,

oder die kindliche Liebe, by Christolph von ... ... 12mo., paper wrapper ...

SCHMID.
..

...

9d.

Greek (Modern)
and

Self-Taught

(Thimm's

System.

In

Greek

By Nicolaos Ai\ ASTASSi OU, lialki. With de dplimie du CuJiege Grec Bacheiicr Elementary Grammar; Commercial, Pnrases and L'lalogues
itoiuan Cliaracters).
; ;

Tradii.g, Arcbajological

Phoiogiapliy

and Keliyious Terms; Travel Talk; Amusements; Tables of Money with English
Co., Publishers, 51,

London: E.

MARLbOROUGH &

Old Bailey, t.C.

GREEK

{Modern)

(dontd.)

HINDUSTANL
of

15

Net
and American values and illuetration Weights and Treasures. Third Edition. Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ...
Do.
do., red cloth

Greak

Coinage;
2/0 2/6

1916.

Self -Taught The book gives the words of the purist as well as of the popular sneech. The latter will he very serviceable for travellers in Greece. The former we recoininend to candidates for

"Greek (Mo'lern)

Smails. O/-/0/T?. Ma(jazine.

"The vocabularies and dialogues are exactly what the beginner needs, and those who've class cal Greek is gettin-i a little rusty will find this little voluMie delightfully fresh and interesting, recalli'ig a tiieat deal that tliey had nearly forgotten. Krp rtn Cre /. We have tried it ourselves and can heartily recomiuend it. The Preibiiter^an.

Modern Greek Grammar, by

VLACHOS.

(See page 23).

HINDUSTANI.
Hindustani Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A.

THIMM

in

Homan

characters. Hindustani Text Revised by Professor J. F. Blumhardt, m.a., m.ii.a.s., Professor of Hindustani at the London University. With English Piionetic Pronunciation. Containing Vocabularies; Conversations; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases Travel Talk; Naval, Military, Legal, Judicial, Religious. Commercial, Shooting and Pishing Terms Indian Titles, Castes and Servants: Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, &c. Fifth Edition. 1915. Crovyn 8vo., 112pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
; ;

Do.

do., red cloth

2/6
.

" It is sufficient to sav that this clear and concise little work on Hindustani is we 1 up to the high standard of those which have preceded it the book should proveof the greatest value." 2Vie Statenmaii, Calcutta.
. .

Hindustani

Grammar
.

Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A.

Revised _ by

SHAMS'UL
A

'ULAMA

THIMM. SAYYID 'ALI

London, m.r.a.s.

BILGRAMI,
Containing:

M.A. Cnntnh., ll.b., Afsoc. k.s.m.

I.

Simplified Grammar, Alphabet, Rules of Grammar, and Parts of Speech, &c. II. Exercises and Examination Papers, Reading Lessons, with Translations. III. The Vernacular, Hindiistani Penmanship, Phrases, Extracts from Classical (Urdu) Authors. IV. Key and Dictionary of Words, &c. Third Edition. 1916. Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0

Do.
shown

do.,

red cloth

2/6

"The essential

points and rules of Hindfistani Grammar are admirably in a concise and simple form." Madras Mail.

Hindustani Self-Taught and

8vo., 282 p.p., red cloth

Grammar

(in

one volume).

Crown
5/0

London: E.

MARLBOROUGH &

Co., Publishers, 51,

Old Bailey, E.G.

16

HUNGARIAN.

ITALIAN.
Net
de

Hungarian Self-Taught (Tliimm's System) by bOISSONS. With Phonetic Pronunciation.

HUNGARIAN.COUNT
the

Containing The Alphabet, Preliminary Notes', Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, l*.tunology, ]Modes of Address, Conversational Phrases and Sentence^", Travel Talk, Commercial and Trading, Legal, lieligious Terms and Phrases. Cycling, Photography, Amusements, Money with illustration of Hungarian Coinage and English and American 1910. Pleasures, Postal Rates, &c. values, Weights and 2/0 Crown 8vo., 112 pp., blue wrapper

Do.

do., red cloth

2/6

ITALIAN.
Entirely new and (Tliimm's System). Italian Self-Taught VECCHIA. For enlarged edition. Revised by G. learning the languHge by the Natural Method, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Contaming Alphabet and ironunoiation, Notes on Articles, Gender, Accent, &c. Classified Vocabularies; Conversational Phrases and Sentences; Travel Talk; Commercial, Trading, Naval and Military Terms, Amusements, I\Iotoring, Cycling, Photography, Musical Terms, Tables of Money with English and American Values, Weights and Measures, and 1911. Crown 8vo., 152 pp., illustration of Italian Coinage. ... 1/0 ... ... ... ... ... blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ... 1/6 do., red cloth Do.

DALLA

By A. C. Italian Grammar Self-Taught. Principal of the London Scnool of Italian. Containing Alphabet, the Diiuble Consonants, Pronunciation, Accent, the Apostrophe, the Definite Article, Use of the Articles the Sub-tantive, Gender the Adjective; Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers; Indefinite Adjectives and Pronouns; Auxiliary, Regular, and Irregular Synoptical Table of the Three Conjugations. Reading Verbs. Lessons. Idiomatic Expressions. Alphabetical Vocabulary. 1916.
;

PANAGULLI,

Crown
Do.

8vo., 101 pp., blue

do., cloth

wrapper
A. C.
...

1/0
1/6

Key to Exercises. By
32 np., blue wrapper
Italian
...

PANAGULLI.
...

Crown

Bvo.,

...

Self-Taught and Grammar with Key.

and
A.
C.

By G.
In

DALLA

6d.

VECCHIA
Crown Italian by

PANAGULLI.

one volume.
3/6

8vo., 285 pp., green cloth

The above set of three books banded Study. 2/6 together in blue wrapper Italian and English Commercial Correspondence, by E. S. and W. CHiiVOB MAURICE, Containing Model Phiases, Letters, Enquiries A.I.L., London. relating to Goods, Offers of Goods, Orders and their Execution,

Home

ROMERO-TODEbCO

London: E.

MAKLBOROUGH &

Co., Publishers, 51,

Old Bailey, E.C.


ITALIAN
(contd.).

JAPANESE,

17
Net

Shipping Correspondence, Agencies, Situations, Financial Credit, Insurance of Goods. Finance Market Reports with Phrases. Announcements. Letters of Introduction. Complaints and Claims relating to Gocds. Drafts, Inland and Foreign. Commercial Terms and Abbreviations. Tables of ]\Ioney, Weights and Measures, &c., &c. 191.3. Demy 8vo., 128 pp., fawn wrapper ... ... ... ... ... 1/0 Do. do., cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1^8

'Tail hardly fail to prove of valne in connpction with commercial correspondence. "^.S"?itpivt;i(/ Oazette & Lloyds Lint.

Traveller's

Practical Manual of Conversation. (Marlborough's) English, French, German & ITALIAN, hi one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring, &c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations, sui)jects arranged alphabetically. The Numerals, Weights and

No

Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in daily use. 4th Edition, 1914. Crn. 12mo, 152 pp., round corners, red wrap. 1/0 Do,, do. green cloth, round corners ... ... ... 1/6
,

Do.,
Italian

do., leather,

round corners, with tuck-in

A.

flap

...

2/6

Washing Book, byC.

THIMM

for Ladies, (gentlemen,

and Families. Counterfoils in English, alphabetically arranged Demy 8 vo., dark red wrapper ... ... ... ... .:. ... 6d.

3 iliprnie:^^:.
Japanese Self-Taught [Thimm's System In Roman Characters]. byW.J.S. SHAND, late Director, School of Japanese Language and Literature, London. With English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing The Syllabary Classified Vocabularies and Conversations; Travelling, Commercial and Trading, Naval, Military and Religious Terms and Phrases; the Numerals; IMoney with illustration of Japanese coinage, Weights and Measures, Postage, &c. Second Edition. 1915. Crown Bvo., 96 pp.,
;

blue wrapper ... ... do., red cloth Do.

...

...

...

...

...

...

2/0 2/6

Japanese Grammar Self-Taught, by H.

:

Characters. Containing I. Grammar and Syntax, with Pronunciation, Native Japanese characters, &c. II. Exercises and Extracts. 1. Exercises for Translation, with Key. 2. Reading Exercises, with Pronunciation and Translation. 3. Japanese Extracts, with Key. III. Vocabularies (alphabetical), JapaneseEnglish and English-Japanese, Money, Weights and Measures. Second Edition. 1907. Crown 8vo., 184 pp., blue wrapper ... 4/0 Do. ... ... ... do., red cloth ... ... ... 5/0
"It
is

J.

WEINTZ

in

Roman

bit of scholastic Coal and Iron.

luuiinous without being too elaborate ... It is, In fine, the best work that we have met with for a very long time."

Japanese Self-Taught and Grammar,

in one volume.

Cloth

...

7/6

London;

E.

MARLBOROUGH &

Co., Publishers, 51,

Old Bailey, E.G.


18

LATIN.

NORWEGIAN.

PERSIAN.
Net

LATIN.
Latin Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by J. (Barristerat-La\v). For learning the language by the natural method. With Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies; Numerals Medical. Prescriptional, Dispensing, Legal and Religious Terms and Phrases Quotations, Inscriptions, Mottoes,
; ;

TOPHAM

Proverbs, etc., etc. Grammar, Construing, Abbreviations(Degrees, Titles, Distinctions, etc.). Second Edition. 1915. Crn. 8vo, ... ... 144 pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ...

1/0

Do. do., red cloth " The vocahularies appear to be well assorted, the grammar is concise and sufficient, and the phra-;e8, oidinary and professional, including
medical, will be found useful. "'i'/ie Lancet.

1/&

Norwegian Self-Taught, by

Revised and EnC. A. With Phonetic Pronunciation. larged by P. Th. Containing Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Conversations, Phrases and Sentences, Forms of Letters, Commercial, Legal and Religious Terms, Travel Talk, Motoring, Cycling, Photography, Fishing, Shooting, Amusements, INEoney with illustration of Norwegian coinage and English and American values, Weights and Measures. Fifth Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo., 128 pp., ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2/0 blue wrapper

THIMM.

HANSSEN.

Do.

do., red cloth

2/6-

"It contains just those words which are likely to prove useful to a traveller in Norway. The phrases are manv and convenient, and wherever a Norwegian word is used its pronunciation is given under a simple system, so that che reader should have no difficulty in pronouncing the word so as to be understood." The Lancet.

Norwegian Washing Book, byC. A.

men, and Families.
arranged.

Demy

for Ladies, GentleCounterfoils in English, alphabetically 6d^ ... ... ... ... Bvo., dark red wrapper
:

THIMM

I>ERSIi3LN.
Persian
Self-Taught,
by

SHEYKH HASAN.

In

Roman

Characters], witli English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing The Persian Alphabet, Transliteration and Pronunciation; Outline of Grammar with Persian Characters; Classified VocabuTravel Talk Trade and Commerce laries and Conversations Post Office and Correspondence; Illustration of the Persian Coinage; Persian Handwriting; The Numerals, Money with
;
;

English and American values. Weights and Measures. 1909. . 2/0 ... ... ... Crown Bvo., 9G pp., blue wrapper
Do., do., red cloth
" This
is
... ...
'

...

...

2,6-

a most welcome addition to the Self-Tanght Srrie6.' Those who flei're to acquire a colloquial and practical knowledge, and to all such we gladly recommend this very useful little book." ^Z'/ta Farsi,

B-ymba

London:

E.

MARLBOROUGH &

Co., Publishers, 51,

Old Bailey, E.G.

PORTUGUESE.

RUSSIAN.

SINHALESE.

19
Net

I>ORXXJOUESES.
Portuguese Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by E. da CUNHA. Vocabularies, Containing With Phonetic Pronunciation. Elementary Grammar, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Commercial, Tradnig, Legal, and Religious Terms, Travel Talk, Cycling, Motoring, Photograpriy, Amusements, Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, Ac. Skcond Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo.,
120 pp., blue wrapper

2/0
2/6

Do.

do., red cloth

Portuguese Washing Book, by

E da CUNHA

for Ladies, Gentle-

men &

Families.

Counterfoils in English.

Demy 8vo., wrapper

(See page 23.)

6d.

Portuguese Grammar, by L. de

CABANO

RUSSIAN.
Russian Self-Taught,by C.

THIMM and J. MARSH ALL, m. a.

With English Phonetic In Russian and l-ioman Characters. Pronunciation Containing Vocabularies of words in general use; Elementary Grammar; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases; Travel Talk; Cycling, Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Naval, Military, Commercial and Trading Terms and Conversations; Tables of Money with illustration of Russian coinage and English and American values, Weiglits and Measures. Fifth Edition. 1915. Crown 8vo., 134 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do.
do., red cloth

2/6

Russian Washing Book, by

men &

Families.

C. A. Counterfoils in Engli-sh.

THIMM:

for Ladies,

Gentle-

Demy

Bvo.,

wrapper

6d

Russian Grammar, by F.

ALEXANDROW.

(See page

23.)
...

Russian & English Dialogues, by F.

ALEXANDROW cloth

2/0

SIISJIHLALESE.
ASINSinhalese Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva GHE,M.A.,Epigraphist to tlieCeyion Government. JuSinhalese& Roman chaiaclers, with the English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing the Sinhalese Alphabet, with transliteration and phonetic signs used; CI i si tied Vocabularies and Conversations; Outline of Grammar; Terms and Phrases for Travel, Commerce, Planting, Public Works, Fishing and Shouting, &c.; Numerals, Money, Weights and Measures, Postal Rates. 1916. ... ... . ... 2/0 Crown 8vo, 119 pages, blue wrapper
Do.
do., red cloth

WICKREM

^/6
Co., Publishers, 51,

London: E.

MARLBOROUGH &

Old Bailey,

E.C

20

SPANISH.

SWEDISH.
Net

Si^ANISH.
Spanish Self-Taught (Thirnm's System). Entirely now and enlarged edition, lievised by ANDRES J. R. V. GARCIA (Principal o the Garcia School of Languages. For learning tlie language by the

Containing Natural l^Iethod, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Articles, Gender, Accent, &c.. Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Correspondence, Travel Talk, Commercial, Naval and I\Iilitary Terms, Amusements, Motoring, Cycling, Photography, Tables of Moneys with English and American Values, Weights and Measures. Illustration of Spanish Coinage. Vocabularies 1916. Crown 8vo., 152 pp., blue wrapper I/O for Canary Islands.

Do.

do., red cloth

1/6'

Spanish

Self-Taught, by A. J.R.V. GARCIA. Containing the -Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Accent, Punctua-

Grammar

tion, Capitals, &c., &c.; thirty-five Lessons, consisting of clearly sta^jd Rules of Grammar, with abundant exemplary Sentences, Vocabularies, and Exercises in translation into Spanish ; also a
full, alphabetical, English-Spanish Vocabulary of the words ... 1/0 used in the Exercises. 1917. Crown 8vo. blue wrapper 1/6 do., red cloth Do. Key to Spanish Grammar Self-Taught. Crown 8vo, blue wrapper 6d.

very

Spanish Self-Taught and Grammar with Key. In one volume. 3/6 ... .. ... Crown Bvo., green cloth Spanish by Home Study. (Three books, banded together: Spanish Self-Taught, Grammar, and Key.) Crown Bvo., blue wrapper ... 2/9'

Spanish

and

SALVO

English Commercial Correspondence, by D. With Phraseology, Alphabetical List of Merchandise,

Commercial Terms, and Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, for Commercial Institutions and for practical use in the Counting Demy Bvo., 1909. Revised and Enlarged Edition. House 1/" fawn wrapper 1/6do., cloth Do.

Spanish Grammar, by D.

SALVO

(See page

2.3.)

Spanish and English Dialogues (New) by cloth and D. Spanish Washing Book, by C. A. THIMM:

TOLRA
Demy

FORNES
Z/O-

BOWMAN,

men &

Families.

Counterfoils in English.

for Ladies, GentleBvo., wrapper 6d.

Swedish Self-Taught, by C. A.
Revised

THIMM & W.

F.

HARVEY, m.a.

Carl Cederlof, with English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies, Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases and Conversations; Elementary Grammar Travel Talk; Cycling Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Money,

by

London

:E.

MARLBOROUGH

&

Co., Publishers, 51,

Old Bailey,

EX.

SWEDISH

(contd.).

TAMIL

21
Net

with English and American Values and Illustration of Swedish Coinage Weights and Measures Second Edition. 1908. Crown 8vo., 100 pp., blue wrapper 2/0
;

considerable headway with Swedish, even in the absence of a living instructor." r7ie Schoolmaster.
"

do., red cloth Do. A stndent could easily make

2/6

Swedish Grammar, by

C.

LENSTROM
C.

(Seepage

23.)

Swedish and English Dialogues, by

LENSTROM,
:

cloth

...

2/0

Swedish Washing Book,by C. A. THIMM for Ladies. Gentlemen, & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d. " A great boon to families and others." Weldan's Ladies' Journal.

Tamil Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva

WICKREM ASINGHE,
;

Epigraphist to the Ceylon Government. In Roman characters, The Containing Pronunciation. Phonetic with English Classified Vocabularies and Conversations EnglishAlphabet Vocabulary; Travelling, Commercial, Alphabetical Tamil Official, Planting, Shooting and Fishing Terms and Phrases Numerals, Money, Weights and Measures. Second Edition. 1911. Crown 8vo,, 96 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
;
;

... ... ... Do., do., red cloth " For ourselves, we think it a capital little introduction to the study of and the language, which should prove exceedingly useful to planters others "The Ceylon Church Missinnari/ Gleaner. " have pleasure in recommending the book to students, officers, civil servants, traders, travellers, and all others who desire to acquire an excellent grounding in Tamil." Ceylon Catholic Mest^enfjer.

2/6

We

Tamil Grammar Self-Taught. by Don M. Zilva de

WICKRE-

In Tamil and Roman Characters. Containing Grammar and Syntax. Alphabet and Pronunciation. Tamil I. Characters Transliteration. Parts of Speech. Rules of Syntax. III. TamilExercises in Tamil and English, with Key. II. 1906. English Vocabulary, Alphabetically arranged. . ... ... ... 4/0 Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ...

MASINGHE.

do., red cloth ^Do. "Is a great improvement on any attempt of the kind which has preceded it, and will without the slightest doubt be found very uselul by anyone wishing to take up Tamil, either merely for acquiring a colloquial and conversational knowledge of it. or with the intention of entering udou a thorough study of the language and its literature. The book is miles ahead of anything that has been attempted in this direc-

5/0

tion before."

The Times of

Ceylon.

Tamil Self-Taught and Grammar.

In one volume. Crown 8vo., 7/6 216 pp., red cloth " With these two volumes the English student should be able to obtain a fair mastery of the Tamil language, even without a teacher." Ce^/ZoJi
Observer.

London: E.

MARLBOROUGH &

Co

PubUshers,

51,

Old Bailey, B.C.

24

SELECTED DICTIONARIES.

Selected Dictionaries.
Dictionaries marl<ed with an asterisk
(*)

are obtained only to order.

ARABIC.
BADGER (G. P). LANE (E. W.). SALMON E
Index.

English-Arabic Lexicon. Imperial 4to. Neti/4/ Arabic-English Lexicon, derived from tlie
Eight
vols.

best and most copious Eastern sources. cloth. 10. The set offered for

Royal

4to.,

Net 4/4

(H. A.).
vols.

Two

STh-INGASS Demy 8vo., cloth

Arabic-English Dictionary, with English Post 8vo., cloth Net 36/0 (Dr. F.). Students' Arabic-English Dictionary.
50/0
in

Englihh-Arabic Dictionary,
transliterated.

Arabic characters and

28/0

Demy

8vo., cloth

WOR TABET (W. S.)

Roman
characters).

Arabic-English Dictionary(in Arabic and Royal Bvo., half-bound Net 21/0

BURMESE.
JUDSON

(A.),

STEVENSON
Royal Svo.
(P.

(R.

C).

Burmese-English
Net 27/6 Net 27/6
(Rev.

Dictionary.

English Burmese

PHliMNEV
tionary.

Half-bound D.) and

EVELETH

P.

H.).

English- Burmese and Burmese-English Oblong 8vo., cloth

Pocket

DicNet 6/0

CHINESE.
GOODRICH
Chinese-English Pocket Dictionary, and Pekingese Syllabary Small Svo, half-bound Net 7/6 HILLIER (Sir W.), KC.M.G.,(J.B. English-Chinese Pocket Dictionary ol Peking, colloquial. Ryl. 16mo., cloth ... Net 16/0 'POLETTI (P ). Chinese and English Dictionary, arranged according to Radicals and Sub-Radicals Roy. 8vo, iialf-bound Net 20/0 'SOOTHILL (W.E.). Pocket Chinese-English Dictionary, in Chinese characters ... ... Net 8/0 ... ... ... ...
(C).

DANISH NORWEGIAN.
BRYNILDSEN'S
Crown
Bvo., cloth

English

Dano

Norwegian

'LARSEN'S Danish-Norwegian-Enghsh

MAGMUSSEN
cloth
'

Dictionary Net 12/6 Net 12/6

8vo.,
...

(J).

Danish-Norwegian-English.
8vo. cloth

English-Danish-Norwegian.
E.

Net 3/6 Net 3/6

MARLBOROUGH &

Co., 51,

Old Bailey, London, E.G

SELECTED DICTIONARIES.

25

DUTCH.
BRUGGENCATE
HOSbh ELD'S
Net 13/6 English-Dutch and Dutch-English DictionNet 3/0 ary- l^:mo.,clot}i KRAMER (J.L Pocket Dictionary of the English-Dutch and Net 4/6 16mo. Cloth Dutch-English Langua-e. QUANJER (Th. a.). English-Dutch and Dutch-English Net 1/6 Pocket Dictionary. 3-2mo., cloth

Enghsh Dictionary.

English-Dutch (K. Ten.) 2 vols., clolli.

and

Dutch-

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Fourth Edition. Re-written and enlarged. By M. H. HEBERT. Containing the Vowel Sounds, the Consonants, Accents and Signs, the Nasal, Division of Words into Syllables, Quantity, Rules on Proper Nouns, Reading Exercises with Interlined Phonetic Pronunciation. Key to Reading Exercises.

For the STUDY OF ITALIAN.

PRICES NET.
ITALIAN SELF-TAUGHT.
(Thimm's System) Crown Svo. Blue wrapper, is. Red cloth. Is. 6d. By the natural method, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Enlarged and Revised by It. D.ALLA VECCHIA. Containing Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Articles, Gender, .Accent, Sec, Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Travel Talk, Commercial, Trading, Naval and Military Terms, Amusements, Motoring, Cyclmg, Photography, Musical Terms, Tables of Moneys with English and American Values, Weights and Measures, and illustration of Italian Coinage. Cr. Svo. Blue wrapper is. ITALIAN SELF-TAUGHT. Red cloth Is. 6d.

GRAMMAR

PANAGULLI (Principal of the London School of Italian). Containing Alphabet, the Double Consonants, Pronunciation, Accent, the Apostrophe, the Definite Article; the Use of the Articles; the Substantive, Gender the Adjective; Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers; Indefinite Adjectives and Pronouns; Auxiliary, Regular, and Irregular Verbs. Synoptical Table of the Three Conjugations. Reading Lessons. Idiomatic Expressions. Alphabetical Vocabulary.
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Italian Self-Taught,

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AND ENGLISH COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE.

Marlborough's ITALIAN 2

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(Marlborough's Series of Foreign Commercial Correspondence.) By E. S.ROMEROTODESCO and W. CHEVOB-AIAURICE, A.I.L., London. Containing Model Phrases and Letters, Enquiries relating to Goods, Offers of Goods, Orders and their Execution, Shipping Correspondence, Agencies, Situations, Financial Credit, Insurance of Goods, Finance, Market Reports with Phrases, Announcements, Letters of Introduction, Commercial Terms and Abbreviations, Tables of Money with English and American Equivalents. Weights and Measures, &c.

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Contains classified Yocabulari;s arc! useful Phraues and GonvcrBations with the ENGLISH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION of every word.

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