Understanding Instrument and Instrumentation

State Level workshop on Repair and Maintenance of Laboratory Instruments 18, 19 December 2007.

Jayant Kirpekar, (Electronics Engineer) Department of Instrumentation Science, University of Pune, Pune 411 007. email jbk@usic.unipune.ernet.in

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

What is an Instrument?
Tool like a screw driver, Gadget like a remote control for a TV set, Device like a power supply, Apparatus like a distillation plant, Machine like a centrifuge, Mechanism like a rock and pinion type gear Equipment washing machine, OR anything else Then what is laboratory instrument?
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A Laboratory Instrument may have Some thing as an input Input Signal from user
Voltage / Current, Speed, Colour, Light pH / Conductivity . . . . .

Some thing to work with this input Processing

Amplify, Filter, Convert to other form . . . . . . .

Some output End product back to user

Display end result, Control some device, Make it available for other instrument . . . . . . .
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Laboratory Instrument overview

Mechanical Electrical Optical
Single Pan Balance, Optical Bench Oven, Furnace, Water bath Magnetic Stirrer, Centrifuges, Shakers

Electromechanical

Microscopes, Spectrometer

Electronic Signal generator, Multimeter, CRO, Power supplies,

Frequency Counters, Stabilizers, UPS

Opto-Electronic Chemical Analytical Other

Lux(Light) meter, Colorimeter

pH meter, Conductivity meter, Water quality Analyser Spectrophotometer, Flame photometer

OHP, X-Y Recorders, Experimental Gadgets,

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Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

Instrument a general block diagram

Power Supply

Input Stage

Processing Signal

Output Display

Information ?

Control Settings
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Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

Basic Instrument Power supply Rectifier and Filter

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

Basic Instrument Power supply Regulator

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

Basic Instrument CV / CC Power supply

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

Basic Instrument Analog Multimeter Voltage Measurement

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

Basic Instrument Analog Multimeter Current Measurement

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

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Basic Instrument Analog Multimeter Resistance Measurement 1

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Basic Instrument Analog Multimeter Resistance Measurement 2

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

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Basic Instrument Analog Multimeter Simpson 260M

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

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Basic Instrument Digital Multimeter Block Schematic

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

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Basic Instrument DMM Voltage Measurement

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Basic Instrument DMM Current Measurement

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Basic Instrument DMM Resistance Measurement

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Basic Instrument Signal Generator (Transistorized)

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

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Basic Instrument Signal Generator (IC based)

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Advanced Instrument Oscilloscope (General Purpose)

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Advanced Instrument Oscilloscope (Duel trace)

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Analytical Instrument pH meter

GAIN High impedance Amplifier Level Shifter Amplifier

TEMPERATURE ZERO

14.00

Analog to Digital Converter

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Analytical Instrument Water Quality Analyser

Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

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Analytical Instrument Photoelectric Colorimeter

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Advanced Analytical Instrument Spectrophotometer

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Advanced Analytical Instrument Flame photometer 1

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Advanced Analytical Instrument Flame photometer 2

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Other Instrument Uninterrupted Power Supply

LINE FILTER

BATTERY CHARGER AC AC = DC = DC SWITCH

INVERTER

Normal operation Backup operation

BATTERY
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For effective use and repair/maintenance of an instrument, we mustKnow the instrument. Try to understand the purpose of the instrument. Find out basic blocks of the instrument. What is the relationship of each block with the other? Understand how it is to be operated? Dos and Don'ts with the instrument. Limitations of the instrument. Cost of the instrument? Who may help for the instrument.

How? Through Service Manual of the Instrument.

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Laboratory Instruments Repair and Maintenance 18, 19 December 2007

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