Tafseer Sorah Jinn

lu the Naae o| A||ah, the Vost Giac|ous, the Vost Veic||u|
\C^^I!1AIY CI
'IIA1II |I!!
) ;[| i,, _)
Wrillon by a Grou of MusIim SchoIars

Indor lho Guidanco and Suorvision of
yaluIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-ShaiIh Nasir MaIarim Shirazi

TransIalod by SaIoom Bhimji
Commonlary of SuraluI }inn

Wrillon by a Grou of MusIim SchoIars Indor lho Suorvision of:
yaluIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-ShaiIh Nasir MaIarim Shirazi

Edilod by Arifa Hudda

IubIishod by

IsIamic Humanilarian Sorvico
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Commonlary of SuraluI }inn / vrillon by a grou of MusIim
schoIars undor lho guidanco and suorvision of Nasir MaIarimuI AIhIaq
Shirazi , lransIalod by SaIoom Bhimji.

Edilod by Arifa Hudda.
TransIalod from Arabic.
ISBN 1-S94701-15-1

1. Koran. Sural aI-}inn--Commonlarios. I. Bhimji, SaIoom
II. Hudda, Arifa III. Shirazi, Nasir MaIarim, 1924- IV. IsIamic
Humanilarian Sorvico.

BI129.36.C65 2003 297.1'227 C2003-905333-4

TABIE OF CONTENTS

BIOGRAIHY OF THE AITHOR............................1
ARABIC TEXT OF SRATII }INN..............................9
CONTENTS OF SRATII }INN 11
MERITSOF RECITING SIRATII }INN 13
OCCASION OF REVEIATION 15

Vorso 1 19
Vorso 2 23
Vorso 3 25
Vorso 4 29
Vorso 5 31
Vorso 6 33
Vorso 7 35
Vorso S 37
Vorso 9 39
Vorso 10 43
Vorso 11 45
Vorso 12 47
Vorso 13 49
Vorso 14 51
Vorso 15 53
Vorso 16 55
Vorso 17 59
Vorso 1S 63
Vorso 19 71
Vorso 20 73
Vorso 21 75
Vorso 22 77
Vorso 23 S1
Vorso 24 S5
Vorso 25 93
Vorso 26 97
Vorso 27 99
Vorso 2S101

Various Ioinls103

Anin-dolh invosligalion rogarding IIm aI-Ghaib 103

An in-dolh sludy rogarding lho croalion of lho }inn115

SoIoclions from aI-Kafi Concorning lho }inn................129

Endnolos....................................141
Tafsir of SuraluI }inn
1
+_.i( +,i.Li(
BlCClAlH\ CF THl AUTHCl
ho ominonl schoIar, yaluIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-

ShayIh Nasir MaIarim Shirazi vas born in lho yoar 1345
AH (1924 CE) in lho cily of Shiraz, Iran lo a roIigious
famiIy vho voro voII Inovn for lhoir groal IovoI of
siriluaIily and nobIo olhicaI lrails. His Eminonco finishod his
oIomonlary schooI sludios in Shiraz and duo lo his oagornoss lo
Ioarn, his ovorfuI momorizing caabiIilios and olhor groal laIonls,
ho vas rogardod as ono of lho oxlraordinary sludonls from amongsl
his foIIov cIassmalos and bocauso of lhis, vas abIo lo comIolo lvo
yoars of sludios in ono yoar!

Tho condilions lhal oxislod in Iran in lhoso days obIigalod lhis
young man - vho ossossod such a laIonl and groal aliludo lo
chooso lho alh of Inivorsily sludios lo incroaso his InovIodgo and
allain lho highor (maloriaI) IovoIs of socuIar sludios. Hovovor
lhrough lho hand of falo and lho bIossings of lho Mainlainor of lho
Inivorso and his ovn inlornaI dosiros, lhis young man dovoIood
an allraclion lo bocoming bollor acquainlod and doIvo doo inlo lho
gonuino loachings of IsIam, osociaIIy sinco aflor lho sring of 134S
AH (1937 CE) (jusl aflor ho finishod his rimary schooI), lho IsIamic
Sominarios vonl lhru a major lransformalion and had laIon on a
comIoloIy nov form.

His Sludios
His Eminonco slarlod his formaI IsIamic sludios al lho ago of 14 in
Madrossah gha BabaIhan Shirazi and vilhin a shorl oriod of
limo, vas abIo lo comIolo lho inlroduclory sludios such as Sarf,
Nahv, Mantiq, Bayan, and Badi, vhich voro aII noodod lo advanco
lo lho noxl IovoI of IsIamic sludios.
T
Biograhy of lho Aulhor
2
Aflor comIoling lhoso scioncos, ho lurnod his allonlion lovards lho
fioIds of Fiqh (}urisrudonco) and IsuI aI-Fiqh (IrinciIos of
}urisrudonco) and again, duo lo lho oxcolionaI caabiIilios lhal ho
ossossod, vas abIo lo finish sludying lho comIolo IovoIs of
inlroduclory and bolh lho IovoIs of lho inlormodialo IsIamic sludios
in aroximaloIy four yoars (somolhing lhal normaIIy laIos 12 lo 15
yoars)! During lhis limo, a grou of sludonls from lho IsIamic
Sominary in Shiraz voro aIso bonofiling from lho cIassos lhal ho
himsoIf vas loaching.

Tho osilivo crilicisms and orsonaI oinions of His Eminonco on
lho cIassos boing hoId in Qum and in roIalion lo lho nood for
incIuding oxlra informalion vilhin lho booIs lhal voro boing laughl
in lho various ThooIogicaI Sominarios, dofiniloIy Iayod a roIo in lho
brighl fuluro lhal availod him. WhiIo in roIigious galhorings in lhis
cily, his caabiIilios, gonius, molicuIous and doo lhoughl voro
vilnossod by olhors and bocauso of lhis, no ono vas abIo lo dony his
God-givon laIonls.

Whoroas lhis briIIianl slar vas onIy a moro 1S yoars oId, hovovor
lhrough his doo onolraling InovIodgo and lho fIoving on, ho
vas abIo lo vrilo a commonlary on lho booI KifayaluI IsuI (ono of
lho major booIs of IImuI IsuI lhal musl bo sludiod in lho
ThooIogicaI Sominary), in vhich ho vas abIo lo bring lo Iighl lho
ambiguous issuos monlionod in lhis lradilionaI booI. Al lho ago of
1S, ho formaIIy onlorod inlo lho ThooIogicaI Sominary of Qum and
for lho noxl fivo yoars, vas rosonl in lho roIigious galhorings and
cIassos of somo of lho groalosl loachors of lhoso days, such as
AyaluIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj as-Sayyid Muhammad Husain Burujordi
and olhor groal orsonaIilios (may AIIah bo Ioasod vilh lhom aII).

In ordor for His Eminonco lo bocomo bollor acquainlod vilh lho
groal schoIars, lhoir idoas and lhoughls vho voro sludying and
loaching in ono of lho groalosl ThooIogicaI Sominarios of lho Shia, in
lho yoar 1369 AH (1950 CE), ho mado his vay lo lho Havza
3
IImiyyah of Najaf aI-Ashraf in Iraq. Il vas horo lhal ho vas abIo lo
laIo arl in lho cIassos of somo of lho groalosl loachors such as:
yaluIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj as-Sayyid Muhsin aI-HaIim, yaluIIah
aI-Izma aI-Hajj as-Sayyid AbuI Qasim aI-Khu'i and yaluIIah aI-
Izma aI-Hajj AbduI Hadi ash-Shirazi and olhor groal loachors (may
AIIah sanclify lhoir sirils).

Al lho ago of 24, His Eminonco vas granlod comIolo Ijlihad from
lvo of lho groal schoIars of Najaf aI-Ashraf. In addilion, yaluIIah
aI-Izma aI-Hajj as-Sayyid Muhsin aI-HaIim ovon vrolo a shorl, bul
comrohonsivo Iollor of commondalion for His Eminoncos nolos on
lho Iossons of Fiqh (Tho BooI of |aharah).

His lhirsl for acquiring and gaining moro InovIodgo conlinuod
vilh lho groal loachors in Najaf aI-Ashraf. Hovovor, sinco ho did
nol havo lho moans lo survivo and conlinuo his sludios in lhis hoIy
cily, ho vas forcod lo rolurn bacI lo Iran in lho yoar 1370 AH (1951
CE) and maIo his vay bacI lo lho hoIy cily of Qum vhich vas nov
lho conlro of galhoring roIigious schoIars. Onco again, ho joinod lho
circIo of schoIars vho Ialor on, had a rofound imacl on his Iifo.

Aflor rolurning lo Iran, yaluIIah Nasir MaIarim Shirazi bogan
loaching lho inlormodialo and highor IovoI of sludios (Kharij) in IsuI
aI-Fiqh and Fiqh. Il is nov cIoso lo 2S yoars lhal ho has boon
loaching lhoso cIassos in lho ThooIogicaI Sominary vhich havo boon
varmIy accolod and arocialod by a Iargo numbor of sludonls. In
addilion, aflor loaching a Iargo numbor of lho imorlanl booIs of
Fiqh, ho vonl on lo vrilo summarios and nolos of lhoso groal vorIs.
Al rosonl lho cIassos of Kharij of IsuI of lhis groal orsonaIily aro
ono of lho mosl ouIar cIassos in lho Havza IImiyyah of lho Shia
and lhoro aro cIoso lo 2,000 of lho mosl dodicalod and dynamic
sludonls vho laIo arl and bonofil from his Iocluros!

From lho boginning of his sludios, ho vas habilualod in vriling
booIs in various fioIds of IsIamic sludios such as ThooIogy, IsIamic
4
Avaronoss and lho issuo of WiIayah (of lho AhIuI Bail). Moving
ahoad, ho slarlod lo vrilo on lho Exogosis of lho Qur'an, Fiqh and
IsuI aI-Fiqh and is curronlIy Inovn and rocognizod as ono of lho
groalosl vrilors in lho MusIim vorId.

IoIilicaI Aclivilios

His Eminonco vas aIso vory aclivo in lho oarIy days lhal cuIminalod
in lho IsIamic RovoIulion of Iran and il is bocauso of lhis facl lhal ho
vas lhrovn in lho dosolic ruIors jaiI many limos. In addilion, ho
vas ovon oxiIod on lhroo soaralo occasions lo lhroo difforonl cilios
Chanharal, Mahabad and AnaraI. Hovovor aflor lho RovoIulion,
ho vas aoinlod lo lho firsl counciI of Rorosonlalivos and Iayod
a ivolaI roIo in vriling lho firsl conslilulion.

Tho RoIigious HoI and Suorl

yaluIIah Nasir MaIarim Shirazi has boon quilo aclivo in various
fioIds of loaching and guiding lho u-and-coming schoIars in lho
ThooIogicaI Sominary of Qum, and has ombarIod on various
rojocls and ondoavours, of vhich vo monlion jusl a fov:

1. 1. 1. 1. RoIig RoIig RoIig RoIigious IubIicalions Conl ious IubIicalions Conl ious IubIicalions Conl ious IubIicalions Conlro ro ro ro for lho Shia for lho Shia for lho Shia for lho Shia: From somo limo bacI,
His Eminonco foIl lho nood for lho Havza IImiyyah of Qum lo havo
a gonoraI ubIicalion organizalion vhich vouId bo abIo lo dofond
lho Shia from lho vorIs lhal voro boing ubIishod, by lhoso
vishing lo misIoad lho ooIo unforlunaloIy vhoso numbor is
groal.

In addilion, lhis is aIso somolhing lhal lho MusIims oxoclod from
such a groal IsIamic Inivorsily such as lho Havza IImiyyah, and
lhus ooIo from difforonl slrala of lho communily slarling from lho
groal Maraja TaqIid of lho Havza and olhors aIso ul forvard lhis
roquosl lhal vilhoul doubl, a magazino shouId bo ubIishod lhal
5
vouId bo abIo lo ansvor lho roIigious onquirios of lho youlh and
givo lhom lho ansvors lhal lhoy voro IooIing for. In addilion, such
a ubIicalion vouId bo abIo lo fighl againsl lho booIs and
magazinos lhal voro coming oul aiming lo misIoad lho ooIo.

Duo lo lho facl lhal al lhal limo, lhoro voro somo minds (vilhin lho
ThooIogicaI Sominary) lhal voro nol roady lo accol such a
ubIicalion, lhus, His Eminonco soughl oul sorious and originaI-
vriling schoIars lo Iaco lho hoavy rosonsibiIily on lhoir shouIdors
of roducing such a ubIicalion. In lhis rogard, His Eminonco,
aIong vilh a grou of olhor schoIars and lho assislanco of lho
Ioadors of lho Havza IImiyyah of Qum and lho financiaI suorl of
voII vishors, Iaunchod lho magazino, MaIlab-o-IsIam. This
magazino vas dofiniloIy somolhing vhich vas unaraIIoIod in lho
Shia vorId and maybo from lho oinl of viov of ils rango of
circuIalion amongsl lho various roIigious magazinos boing
ubIishod al lhal limo vas lho numbor ono magazino across lho
onliro MusIim vorId. This magazino broughl a frosh nov alh of
diroclion lo lho groal sludonls and lhinIors of lho Havzah.

Al rosonl, lhis ubIicalion has boon going on slrong for ovor 39
yoars - offoring ils vaIuabIo sorvicos lo lho MusIim vorId and lho
Shia communilios and has found a sociaI sol vilhin lho hoarls of
lho youlh, lho univorsily sludonls, loachors and olhor nobIo
orsonaIilios and il is lhrough lhis ubIicalion lhal lho Iighl of IsIam
and Tashayya has boon sroad from ils focaI oinl (Qum) lo lho
onliro vorId.

2. 2. 2. 2. Organizing Galhorings lo Organizing Galhorings lo Organizing Galhorings lo Organizing Galhorings lo Offor Offor Offor Offor Iossons in ThooIogy and olhor Iossons in ThooIogy and olhor Iossons in ThooIogy and olhor Iossons in ThooIogy and olhor
RoIigious Toachings RoIigious Toachings RoIigious Toachings RoIigious Toachings: :: : His Eminonco foIl lhal lho booIs lhal had boon
vrillon in lho fioId of IsIamic ThooIogy voro nol sufficionl, nor voro
lhoy, vilh lho assing of limo, abIo lo ansvor lho quoslions lhal
voro boing raisod. In addilion, lhoso booIs voro aIso nol adoqualo
in addrossing lho noods of lho curronl ora. Tho lradilionaI booIs of
6
lhooIogy voro vrillon conlurios ago vhoro lho quoslions lhal lho
maloriaIisls of loday bring u voro nol monlionod. AIso, lho
lradilionaI booIs vrillon in lho asl did nol discuss lho various
vorId roIigions vho voro hoing lo imoso lhoir vaIuos on lho
vorId. In addilion, lho oIdor booIs broughl u issuos IiIo lhoso in
roIalion lo lho Asharis and MulaziIi and olhors such as lhoso vhich
loday discussions on boIiofs such as lhoso aro no Iongor aIicabIo
as discussions sinco lhoso voro 'soasonaI.

Il is bocauso of lhis facl lhal His Eminonco, roIying uon his Iilorary
laIonl and oxcolionaI abiIilios, vas abIo lo rosonl lho ThooIogicaI
IsIamic boIiofs and lho fivo IrinciIos of RoIigion in an unaraIIoIod
vay! Il is lhrough organizing lho lhooIogicaI discussions lhal
hundrods of ooIo voro allonding lhal lhoso galhorings voro mado
avaro of lhoso issuos al hand and lhrough lhoso galhorings, a
comacl and conciso booI vas comiIod and ubIishod.

3 33 3. .. . IsIamic CounciI lo Irolocl lho Youlh: IsIamic CounciI lo Irolocl lho Youlh: IsIamic CounciI lo Irolocl lho Youlh: IsIamic CounciI lo Irolocl lho Youlh: His Eminonco gavo
unaraIIoIod Iossons on ThooIogy and olhor Iossons and discussions
in vhich his sludonls havo boon oducalod in oighl difforonl subjocls
from amongsl lho difforonl schooIs of lhoughl lhroughoul lho
vorId. Il is lhrough lhoso cIassos lhal lhoso boing lrainod vouId bo
abIo lo discuss and havo dobalos vilh olhors, vho aro busy
roagaling olhor boIiofs and schooIs of lhoughl and vouId aIso bo
abIo lo vrilo booIs concorning lhoir boIiofs lhoy vouId aIso bo
oquiod lo ansvor any quoslions or issuos lhal lhoy ul forlh.

Wilhin a shorl oriod of limo, lhoso roIigious galhorings voro abIo
lo roduco sludonls oach ono of vhich vas firmIy groundod and
sociaIizod in a arlicuIar fioId of sludy and ovon loday, a grou of
aclivo youlh vho aro voII Inovn aulhors vilhin lho Havza
IImiyyah, aro busy sludying vilh. As voII, in ordor lo savo our
doar youlh from lho cIulchos of corrulion, His Eminonco formod
an organizalion caIIod lho EducalionaI AssombIy for Iroloclion of
7
lho Youngor Gonoralion. Ono of lho oulcomos of lhis assombIy is
lho ubIicalion of maloriaI lhal vouId bo allraclivo lo lho youlh,
and his offico mado lhom avaiIabIo lo lho youlh vory romlIy.

4 44 4. .. . SlruggIos Againsl Dovianl Thou SlruggIos Againsl Dovianl Thou SlruggIos Againsl Dovianl Thou SlruggIos Againsl Dovianl Thoughls: ghls: ghls: ghls: On ono of his lris lo lho
cily of Shiraz, His Eminonco camo faco lo faco vilh ono of lho 5ufi
grous in lhis cily. A grou of ooIo in Shiraz roquoslod him lo
vrilo a booI lhal vouId oulIino lho rinciIos of lhoso 5ufis ono
lhal vouId oxIain lhoir boIiofs in a oIilo and rosoclfuI mannor.
His Eminonco, by maIing uso of lho rosourcos avaiIabIo lo him, sal
dovn lo vrilo lhis booI in lho yoar 1953 CE vhich oulIinod lhoir
boIiofs and lhoughls, and ho namod il Tho Manifoslalion of Trulh.

Tho molhod in vhich ho vrolo lhis booI caughl lho allonlion of lho
Ialo yaluIIah aI-Izma Burujordi (may AIIah bo Ioasod vilh him)
and aflor roquosling His Eminonco lo soo him, ho congraluIalod lho
aulhor for his vaIuabIo offorls. In roIalion lo lhis booI, yaluIIah aI-
Izma Burujordi (may AIIah bo Ioasod vilh him) vrolo lho
foIIoving commondalion, I havo gono lhrough lhis booI in my
saro limo and did nol find ovon lho smaIIosl of voaI oinls in il.
May AIIah rovard you for your lroubIos.

5. 5. 5. 5. EslabIishi EslabIishi EslabIishi EslabIishing Organizalions and Conlros of Ioarning: ng Organizalions and Conlros of Ioarning: ng Organizalions and Conlros of Ioarning: ng Organizalions and Conlros of Ioarning: In lhoso
rogards, His Eminonco had mado lho inlonlion of oslabIishing such
organizalions in lho samo numbor of Masumin (oaco bo uon aII of
lhom) lhal vo havo (14) and vilh lho raiso of AIIah u unliI nov,
ho has boon succossfuI in oslabIishing four such imorlanl schooIs
vilhin lho ThooIogicaI Sominary of Qum and lvo roIigious
organizalions for lho voIfaro of lho sludonls vho aro Iiving in lho
cily of Mashad.

6. 6. 6. 6. Wrilings Wrilings Wrilings Wrilings Tho numbor of ubIicalions of His Eminonco curronlIy
Iios al aroximaloIy 130 voIumos of booIs vhich havo aII boon
rinlod somo of vhich havo boon rorinlod moro lhan 30 limos!
S
Somo of lhoso havo ovon boon lransIalod inlo moro lhan 10 Iiving
Ianguagos of lho vorId and havo boon ubIishod in various arls of
lho vorId.

Tho commonlary of lho Qur'an aulhorod by him, Tafsir-o-Namuna
(Tho IdoaI Commonlary) has boon lransIalod inlo many Ianguagos,
incIuding Arabic (aI-AmlhaI Fi Tafsir aI-Qur'an), and can bo found
in many homos. In addilion lo lhis commonlary, ho has aIso
aulhorod a lhomalic commonlary of lho Qur'an onlilIod Iayam-o-
Qur'an (Tho Mossago of lho Qur'an) vhich has oonod u a nov
chalor in lho fioId of oxogosis of lho NobIo Qur'an.

In addilion, lho booIs ho has vrillon on lho lhooIogicaI boIiofs havo
boon a Iaco vhoro olhors can sooI rofugo from lho assauIl of booIs
vrillon vilh faIso boIiofs in lhom.

Of lho booIs of Fiqh lhal ho has vrillon, vo monlion a fov: Anvar
aI-Fuqahah, aI-QavaiduI Fiqhiyyah, Anvar aI-IsuI and lho nolos
and commonlarios on lho comIolo loxl of IrvaluI Wulhqa vhich
has boon rinlod many limos ovor.

His raclicaI guido for MusIims (TavdhihuI MasaiI) has aIso boon
rinlod many limos and has aIso boon lransIalod inlo Arabic, Irdu,
TurIish, Azari and EngIish.

9
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'.: '..-.. _.:' '.', ., _..s __ ....,, ..s '>._ '...
` '..1> _ '..' '. _.L..:' '. _L...1:' _..s L..'
......:'.s '>. '.. _ '' _L..1:' '..'.s ,.J: '...,L>
Arabic Toxl of SuraluI }inn
10
_ :' '..1.:.' _Ls 1_L:' ....1.` ,' '.... s _ .:.i..:
s _ _-_ _s :: .., L._ '..,'.s '.-. _ _' .J...:'
L: ..s 's.. _ ' '.>' _ ...' '.: '. .,s ' :s._ ':':
_.._ Ls '..,: _ _. '..' 's:' _., ` ..' ., '.>' _
_. _..' ` L' ,: ' ` '.. _ _. _..' _: _..J_ _ '
...>' _: .>' _ .....: '.>:L __ `' '..-.L, _ ' .:.L..
_ -_ ' .:. _'.s .: '.. ,..> __.L.. '.s '...,' __
_:> ':' '' ' _.s_ _.L-..s _ -' '.'.. _.' ':.s __
_. _' _:' _.' ' _.s. ,' _-> .: _., '.' __ L.s
-:' ..s L_ _Ls .,. s '.>' __ `' _ _.' _ _.
..'.s L._ _ _., ._._ _ .iL '.. __ ,L-.: _' ... ' -L.,'
.L.. ., '>' '., ._.: _.>' _: ,_. ':.s __

11
a, +. ,(
C`Tl`T: CF :UlATUl |l``
uraluI }inn vas rovoaIod in lho bIossod cily of MaIIah aI-

MuIarramah and conlains lvonly oighl yal (vorsos).
}usl as ils namo indicalos, lhis Surah conlains a discussion
concorning lho unsoon croalion of AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) Inovn as lho }inn. Tho discourso, amongsl olhor
loics, covors lho }inns boIiof in lho Irohol of IsIam (bIossings of
AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) and lhoir humiIily and
humbIonoss in roIalion lo lho HoIy Qur'an. Thoir boIiof and firm
conviclion on lho Day of Rosurroclion, and lhal among lhom lhoro
can bo found bolh boIiovors and disboIiovors, is aIso covorod in lhis
Surah. Thoso discussions aro covorod in ninoloon of lho lvonly
oighl vorsos of lho Surah and nol onIy rofulo and nogalo much of
lho uncorlainly and hoarsay lhal has boon dissominalod aboul lho
}inn, bul aIso amonds and roclifios lhom.

Tho socond soclion of lhis Surah conlains a sublIo aIIusion
rogarding lho boIiof in lho Ononoss of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) and lho Rosurroclion Day.

In lho finaI soclion of lhis Surah, lhoro is a discussion concorning lho
KnovIodgo of lho Insoon (IImuI Ghaib) of vhich nol a singIo souI
has InovIodgo aboul - oxcol AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and lhoso individuaIs vhom Ho docidos lo inform aboul lhoso
mallors.

S
13
+a,r. +. ,(
MlllT: CF lllTl`C :UlATUl |l``
,`_ ' `` , _. ' ` ,, , `, , . ', `

' _,' ` . ' `.. .=`,. , `- , ,`-.
`-`, , _. ' ,, , `, ` , ._ ` , .,
' , ' `- .
Il has boon narralod from lho Irohol (rayors of
AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) lhal: Ho vho
rocilos lhis Surah (SuraluI }inn) viII bo givon lho
rovard of frooing (from sIavory) as many }inn and
DoviIs lhal bolh boIiovod in and boIiod Muhammad
(bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony).
1

,`_ ' ,``. , .,`._ ' `, , ..- ` `,,

` ,' ` ,, `, ' , `, ' `` , ,.' `
, `_ _-`,' ``., `, ' ,- ' `` . ,
`,` ` ' `,`,`- . , `,`, . , `- `,.`, ` . ,
,`_ _ . , ' , _. ' ,, , `, ` , ,,
.`,- `` `, .' `,_' . , ., , `,_' . `._ , .
Il has boon roIalod from (ash-ShaiIh) as-5aduq
(may AIIah bo Ioasod vilh him) by his ovn chain
of narralors from Hannan ibn Sadir from Abi
AbdiIIah (Imam }afar ibn Muhammad as-adiq
(oaco bo uon him)) lhal ho (lho Imam) said:
Morils of Rociling SuraluI }inn
14
Whosoovor rocilos SuraluI }inn viII novor bo
louchod by lho oviI oyo, magic, vilchcrafl or lho
oviI Iols of lho }inn vhiIo in lhis vorId, and lhal
orson viII bo in lho comany of Muhammad
(bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony)
and viII bosooch lho AImighly by saying, 'O AIIah!
I do nol vanl anyono bosidos him! nor viII lhis
orson ovor bo Ioasod vilh anyono oIso.
2

Hovovor, lho bonofils lhal can bo allainod aro nol Iimilod lo simIy
lho rocilalion of lhis Surah, ralhor lho roading is simIy lho
inlroduclion lo undorslanding ils conlonls, and lhus acling uon il
is aIso nocossary if vo aro lo bonofil from ils rocilalion.

15
,,. ].:i( +. ,(
CA:lC` CF ll\llATlC` CF :UlATUl |l``
uraluI }inn vas rovoaIod in MaIIah aflor SuraluI Araf and

boforo lho rovoIalion of Surah Yasin and is lho forliolh
Surah lo bo rovoaIod lo Irohol Muhammad (rayors of
AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy). This Surah is lho
sovonly-socond Surah in lho rosonl comiIalion of lho Qur'an and
conlains lvonly-oighl vorsos.

According lo schoIars, a lolaI of 1,024 vorsos voro rovoaIod boforo
lhis Surah, and 5447 vorsos aoar boforo lhis Surah in lho rosonl
comiIalion of lho Qur'an.

This Surah conlains 2S5 vords, or as somo schoIars havo slalod, 235
vords. Tho numbor of Iollors in lho Surah is aIso dobalabIo. Somo
schoIars say lhal lhoro aro S70, vhiIo olhors slalo lhal lhoro aro 759.

In lho oxIanalion of yal 29 lo 32 of SuraluI Ahqaf, various
incidonls of rovoIalion vhich voro roIalod lo lhal Surah havo boon
narralod, vhich aro lho samo as lhal vhich havo boon monlionod
for lhis Surah. This donolos lhal bolh of lhoso Surahs aro roIalod lo
ono arlicuIar ovonl. Wo viII laIo a briof IooI al lhoso lhroo ayal.

Tho vorsos of SuraluI Ahqaf lhal discuss lho }inn aro lho foIIoving:

,. , , :`, ` ' .,``, `- ' . .`,
,_.' ,,`, _ `,, . ,`.' , `,`,.-
_.,` `, ,' , ` `, , ,
`.` _ `,, `,, `,, ' ,,.`' ,,~ _, `-
S
Occasion of RovoIalion of SuraluI }inn
16
,`,-' `, , ' `.` ,. `,`, , ,`,
` . -`,, `,,, . `,`, ,,' . ``
And vhon Wo lurnod a arly of lho }inn lovards
you (Muhammad) lo Iislon lo lho Qur'an, lhon
vhon lhoy allondod (a Qur'anic rocilalion) lhoy said
lo oach olhor, Bo siIonl, and vhon il vas ovor,
lhoy lurnod bacI lo lhoir ooIo in varning and
said, Our ooIo, indood vo havo Iislonod lo lho
rocilalion of a BooI rovoaIod aflor Musa. Il
confirms lho BooIs rovoaIod boforo and guidos lo
lho Trulh and lho Righl Ialh. O our ooIo!
Rosond favourabIy lo lho ono (Muhammad) vho
invilos ooIo lo AIIah and boIiovo in Him. Ho viII
forgivo your sins and roscuo you from lho ainfuI
lormonl.
3

1. Tho Irohol Muhammad (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his
famiIy) vas lravoIing from MaIIah lo lho IIadh marIol in |aif so
as lo invilo lho lhrongs of ooIo vho usod lo fIocI lhoro inlo lho
foId of IsIam. Hovovor al lhis galhoring, nono of lhoso rosonl
accolod his invilalion.

On his vay bacI, lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his
famiIy) roachod a Iaco vhich vas roforrod lo as lho VaIIoy of lho
}inn. Ho slayod lhoro for lho ovoning and vas absorbod in lho
rocilalion of lho HoIy Qur'an. A grou of }inn, vho voro rosonl
and Iisloning lo him, immodialoIy accolod lho failh of IsIam. Aflor
lhis, lhoy rolurnod lo lhoir ovn grou lo sroad and roagalo lho
loachings vhich lhoy had accolod.
4

2. Ibn Abbas (may AIIah bo Ioasod vilh him) roIalos lhal, Tho
Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) vas busy in
lho rocilalion of 5aIal aI-Fajr in vhich ho vas roading (a Surah) of
17
lho HoIy Qur'an. A grou of lho }inn vho voro invosligaling inlo
vhy lhoir fIov of informalion vhich lhoy usod lo rocoivo from lho
Hoavons had boon slood, haonod lo hoar Muhammad (rayors
of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) rociling lho Qur'an. Thoy said
lo oach olhor, 'Tho roason for lho haIl in lho lransmission of
informalion from lho Hoavons is bocauso of lhis. Thoy rolurnod lo
lhoir grou and rocoodod lo invilo lhom inlo lho roIigion of IsIam.
5

3. Aflor lho doalh of Abu |aIib (may AIIah bo Ioasod vilh him), lho
rosonsibiIilios lhal roslod on lho shouIdors of lho Irohol of AIIah
(rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) bocamo much moro
difficuIl and lhus ho rocoodod lo go lovards lho aroa of lho
Arabian IoninsuIa Inovn as |aif in hoos of finding somo hoIors.
Tho nobIo ooIo of |aif sovoroIy boIiod him and lhrov so many
rocIs al lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy)
lhal bIood vas gushing forlh from his onliro body - ovon from lho
bIossod fool of lho Irohol!

Tirod and lroubIod, ho slood noar a gardon. Al lhal Iaco, ho
camo across a sorvanl of lho ovnor of lho gardon vhoso namo vas
Adas. This sIavo accolod lho loachings of IsIam and aflor lhis, lho
Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) conlinuod on
his journoy bacI homo lo MaIIah. During lhal nighl, ho arrivod
noar a forosl of lroos and vhiIo busy in aIal, a grou of }inn from
lho aroa of Nasibain or Yomon vho haonod lo bo assing by lhal
aroa hoard lho rocilalion of lho Qur'an of lho Irohol (rayors of
AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) in his aIal aI-Fajr and accolod
lho loachings of IsIam righl lhoro.
6

Tho samo informalion has boon narralod from a grou of
Commonlalors of lho Qur'an in rogards lo lho rovoIalion of SuraluI
}inn, hovovor lhoro aro aIso olhor occasions of rovoIalion in rogards
lo lhis Surah vhich diffor from vhal has jusl boon monlionod.

Occasion of RovoIalion of SuraluI }inn
1S
Ono such narralion is from AbduIIah ibn Masud (may AIIah bo
Ioasod vilh him) vhon ho asIod a grou of comanions, 'Woro
any of you comanions vilh lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon
him and his famiIy) on lho ovoning vhon lho ovonl vilh lho }inn
looI Iaco` Thoy roIiod lhal nono of lhom voro lhoro vhon lhis
occurronco haonod. Thoy conlinuod by saying lhal on lhal
ovoning, lhoy did nol find lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon
him and his famiIy) anyvhoro in lho cily of MaIIah and hovovor
much lhoy soarchod, lhoy found no lraco of him.

Ion nol boing abIo lo Iocalo him, lhoy voro oxlromoIy vorriod
lhal maybo lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his
famiIy) had boon IiIIod. Thoy conlinuod soarching aII lho aroas of
MaIIah vhon aII of a suddon lhoy sav him coming lovards lhom
from lho diroclion of lho Cavo of Hira. Thoy addrossod lho Irohol
(rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) saying, Whoro voro
you O Mossongor of AIIah` Wo havo boon vorriod aboul you, and
bocauso of lhis, Iasl nighl vas ono of lho vorsl nighls of our Iivos.
Tho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) roIiod,
Iasl nighl, an invilalion from lho }inn camo lo mo and lhus, I vonl
lo vhoro lhoy Iivo so lo bo abIo lo rocilo lho Qur'an lo lhom.
7

19
_.. +. ,(
CMMl`TAl\ CF :UlATUl |l``
Vorso 1
' _` ``' ` -,'
hoard lhal voriIy lo mo il has boon
rovoaIod
Say! (O
Muhammad)

, ' `- `
voriIy vo lhal lhoy said lho }inn from
amongsl
a grou

- `, `

amazing rocilaI havo hoard
_. _>' _:' ..' _..:.' ".i.. _ _>:' '.:'1.s '..' '..-.. '....',.
'..,>s
Say (O Muhammad lo lho ooIo), 'Il has boon rovoaIod lo mo
(from AIIah) lhal a grou from amongsl lho }inn has Iislonod (lo lho
rocilalion of lho Qur'an) and (uon rolurning bacI lo lho olhor }inn)
loId lhom (lho olhor }inn), 'VoriIy vo hoard an amazing rocilaI.

Wo havo hoard an amazing rocilaI!
In lho firsl vorso of lhis Surah, il is monlionod lhal: Say (O
Muhammad): Il has boon rovoaIod lo mo lhal a arly of }inn has
20
Iislonod (lo lho rocilalion) of lho Qur'an and has loId (lhoir ooIo),
'VoriIy vo havo hoard an amazing rocilaI.
S

Tho hraso 'il has boon rovoaIod lo mo shovs lhal lho Irohol
(rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) himsoIf did nol soo
lho }inn - ralhor, ho vas informod of lhom Iisloning lo lho Qur'an
lhrough Divino RovoIalion.

This vorso aIso cIoarIy shovs lhal lho }inn ossoss inloIIigonco,
discornmonl, undorslanding and comrohonsion. Wo can aIso dofor
lhal lhoy loo havo a rosonsibiIily and accounlabiIily lovards lhoir
Croalor. Nol onIy do lhoy undorsland and comrohond sooch and
various Ianguagos and aro abIo lo discorn bolvoon discourso lhal is
a miracIo and lhal vhich is nol, bul lhoy aIso roaIizo lhoir ovn
rosonsibiIily in roagalion and sroading lho Trulh and lhus, aro
addrossod in lho Qur'an.

Tho hiddon lrails of lhoso Iiving croaluros (lho }inn) aro onIy
discornabIo from lhis vorso of lho Qur'an. Thoso croalions aIso havo
olhor characlorislics, vhich by lho ovor of AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho), vo viII oxIain al lho ond of lho discussion of lhis
Surah.

Tho }inn had a righl lo rogard lho Qur'an as a miracIo sinco lho
sound and slyIo of lho Qur'an - nol lo monlion lho offocl and ovor
lhal il has lhal allracls lho Iislonor - is somolhing lhal is
indoscribabIo. Tho conlonls and ovor (of lhis hoavonIy vord) of
lransformalion is somolhing lhal is aIso romarIabIo, and lho facl
lhal lho ono vho broughl il vas ono vho had nol formaIIy sludiod
during his onliro Iifo and vas ono vho Iivod amongsl lho IIIiloralos
is aIso somolhing lo ondor uon.

Il is a sooch lhal bolh in ils aaronl roadings and ils hiddon
moanings, is comIoloIy difforonl lhan any olhor sooch, and
21
bocauso of lhis, lho }inn hoId firm lo lho boIiof of lho miracuIous
naluro of lho Qur'an.

23
Vorso 2
, ' `', _ `,,
in il so lhon vo
havo
boIiovod
lho righl
(alh)
lo Thal guidos

-' `,,, ,`' ` ,
anyono or
anylhing
vilh our
Iord
vo join (in
vorshi)
novor shaII and
_._ _:' ....:' '.'...s ., _: .:. '...,, '.>' _

(This Qur'an vhich vo hoard) guidos (ooIo) lo lho righl alh, so
lhon vo havo boIiovod in il and vo shaII novor join in vorshi
anyono or anylhing vilh our Iord (AIIah).

Tho firsl lhing lhal lho }inn said vas lhal lhis Qur'an vas a booI
lhal guidos lo lho righl vay, lhoroforo, lhoy boIiovod in ils conlonls
and said lhoy shaII novor join (in vorshi) vilh lhoir Iord, any
olhor gods.

Tho moaning of lho vord ' ., or 'lho righl alh is ono lhal has a
vasl, comrohonsivo moaning lhal convoys any alh lhal ono goos
uon lhal is comIoloIy uro and cIoan (of siriluaI imurilios). Il
is a alh vhich is aIso froo of aII lurns and bonds, ono lhal is
obvious and manifosl lhal vouId Ioad lho vayfaror on lho alh lo
comIolo and absoIulo salisfaclion.

Aflor lhis hraso, lho }inn had olhor lhings lo say lo lhoir
communily vhich lho Qur'an monlions in lho foIIoving 12 vorsos,
24
oach slarling vilh lho 'Arabic ronoun ' ' . vhich is usod for
omhasis.
9


25
Vorso 3
`,_ '- _ ``' ,
our Iord undoublodIy gIory bo lo
Him
voriIy And

. , . - ' -`
has nol
(laIon)
and a consorl laIon has nol

,

a son
....' _L.-. .> '..., ' .>.' ,>.. ` '.: _

And voriIy Ho (Our Iord - AIIah) gIory bo lo Him has nol laIon a
consorl or a son (for HimsoIf).

Aflor oxrossing lhoir comIolo boIiof in AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) and nogaling aII forms of oIylhoism, lho }inn
conlinuod lhoir sooch by docIaring lho characlorislics of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho). Thoy said lhal Ho - oxaIlod bo lho
majosly of lho Iord (from comaring Him and His croalions and
from aII sorls of dofocls and fauIls) has novor laIon a
comanion/souso, or a son.

Tho vord ' has many moanings incIuding: groalnoss, forco,
unquoslionabiIily, sharo, orlion or somolhing lhal is nov, among
olhor moanings. Hovovor, ils originaI rool moaning, as Raghib in
his booI aI-Mufradal monlions is lhal of boing cul off, sinco any
26
croalion lhal has any sorl of groalnoss or majosly is aIvays
indoondonl of any olhor lhing. In lhis vorso, lhis vord has como
in lho moaning of groalnoss, hovovor as for lho olhor moanings of
lhis vord, vo can aIso aIy lhom lo lhis vorso.

In Arabic, lho grandfalhor is aIso roforrod lo as ' bocauso of lho
groal slalion (amongsl lho famiIy mombors) lhal ho hoIds or duo lo
his ago.

Somo of lho commonlalors of lho Qur'an havo monlionod a much
moro finilo and roslriclod moaning of lhis vord and havo laIon il lo
bo an allribulo, olhors havo laIon il lo moan ovor, vhiIo olhors
undorsland il lo moan maslorshi and sovoroignly. SliII olhor
commonlalors havo said il rofors lo a bIossing, vhiIo lho Iasl grou
fooIs lhal il is in lho moaning of a namo aIlhough aII lhoso
moanings aro conlainod in lho moaning of groalnoss.

In any caso, lho moaning of lhis vord is jusl as is commonIy hoId
and lhal is boing lho grand falhor. In somo of lho ahadilh il has
boon monlionod lhal vilhoul InovIodgo, a grou of lho }inn usod
lhis inarorialo vord, moaning lhal lhoy voro lrying lo oxross
lhal no ono shouId novor uso such a vord lo rofor lo AIIah.
10

Il is ossibIo lhal lhis lyo of sooch vouId bo accuralo vhoro such
an associalion of boIiofs is laIing Iaco, hovovor, lho Qur'an
concurs vilh lho sooch of lho }inn in lhis vorso and agroos vilh ils
corroclnoss. AIso, in somo of lho soochos conlainod in NahjuI
BaIagha, vo soo lhal lhis vord is usod as voII.

In sooch 191, Amir aI-Mo'minin AIi ibn Abi |aIib (oaco bo uon
him) is quolod as saying:

``- ' ' , ```- - ' , ``.``- ..
' `'- _` .
27
AII raiso boIongs lo AIIah vho has sroad His
raiso lhroughoul His croalion and vhoso army is
viclorious and vho is lho Highosl ovor His
Groalnoss.

In anolhor hadilh il has boon monlionod lhal Anas ibn MaIiI said:

. ' _`,` ', `-`, ' `,` '- ,
Whonovor a orson vouId road SuraluI Baqarah,
ho vouId bo soon as groal in our oyos.
11

In any caso, lho uso of lhis vord in lho moaning of groalnoss and
majosly is somolhing lhal is in Iino vilh vhal has boon monlionod
in lho diclionarios and aIso in ils raclicaI aIicalion.

Il is inlorosling lo nolo lhal al lhis oinl, lhoso soaIing lhoso vords
- lho }inn - havo Iacod sociaI omhasis on lho issuo lhal AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has noilhor a souso nor any chiId. Il
is ossibIo lhal lhis orlains lo lho corrul boIiofs lhal voro
rovaIonl amongsl lho Arabs vho boIiovod lhal lho AngIos voro
lho daughlors of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lhal Ho
had laIon a }inn as His souso!

This hyolhosis is subslanlialod by lho conlonls of SurahluI 5affal,
vorso 15S:

`,,, ``,, ,-, ' `-
Thoy havo said lhal lhoro is a roIalionshi bolvoon
Him and lho }inn.

29
Vorso 4
`,, ,, . ``' ,
lho fooIish
ono amongsl
us (Shaitan)
boon loIIing had voriIy And

== ' _

confusod Iios AIIah aboul
....' _': _1_ '..i. _Ls ' '.LL. _

And voriIy ho (lho dimvillod ono - lho DoviI/Shaitan) among us
has boon loIIing confusod Iios aboul AIIah (in ordor lo lry and
misguido us).

Tho }inn lhon conlinuod lhoir sooch by saying lhal lhoy
comIainod lhal lho dimvillod ono (Shaitan) had boon soaIing
unIoasanlIy and sayings lhings vhich voro far from lho lrulh
aboul AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

Il is ossibIo lhal lho vord ', in lhis vorso couId rofor lo a socios
or grou moaning lhal, 'lho fooIish from amongsl us boIiovod lhal
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has a souso and chiIdron and
has choson ono simiIar lo HimsoIf as a arlnor (anolhor god) and
lhus, lhoy havo gono aslray from lho slraighl alh and havo
oxaggoralod lhoir sooch.

Many commonlalors of lho Qur'an havo aIso oxrossod lho
robabiIily lhal ' ,. is in lho moaning of lhal singIo individuaI -
30
roforring lo IbIis - vho aflor disoboying AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) allribulod many lhings unbofilling lo Him. Of courso ho had
disoboyod AIIahs (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) command lo
orform roslralion lo dam (oaco bo uon him), an acl vhich ho
lhoughl lo bo somolhing boyond anyonos inloIIigonco (lo bov
dovn lo anolhor croalion) and considorod himsoIf lo bo bollor lhan
dam (oaco bo uon him).

Sinco IbIis vas a }inn, lhus lho boIiovors from amongsl lho }inn
disassocialod lhomsoIvos from him and caIIod his sooch
oxaggoraling and confusod Iios ovon lhough aaronlIy, IbIis vas a
vory InovIodgoabIo orson (Iim) and lho foromosl vorshior of
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) (bid). Hovovor, ho vas an
Iim vho did nol acl according lo his InovIodgo and vas a
vorshior vho vorshiod for himsoIf, and bocamo misguidod
and fuII of rido and vanily lhoso oinls aro aII cIoar from lho
vord ',.

Tho vord ' =. rofors lo somolhing Ioaving ils slalo of baIanco and
oquily and faIIing far avay (from lhis slalo). Thoroforo any laII
vhich is far from lho lrulh is roforrod lo in Arabic as '=. Il is aIso
bocauso of lhis lhal in Arabic, lho banIs of a Iargo rivor vhich aro
vory far avay from lho valor aro roforrod lo as '.


31
Vorso 5
` .' ~ ' ,
novor lhal lhoughl voriIy vo And

_ ' '- , ' ` ,
uon }inn and ManIind vouId say

, '

Iios AIIah
'..' '...L _' _: _1. _.`' _>:' _Ls ' '..,.: _

And voriIy vo lhoughl lhal Man or }inn couId novor loII Iios aboul
AIIah (hovovor, vo aro dofiniloIy vrong).

Conlinuing lhoir sooch, lho }inn said lhal lhoy lhoughl lhal no
man or }inn couId ovor loII Iios aboul AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho).

Il is ossibIo lhal vhal lhoy moanl horo vas lho bIind foIIoving lhal
somo of lhom voro ursuing in roIalion lo lho rovious gonoralions
vho boIiovod lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) had arlnors,
vivos and chiIdron. Thus, lhoso }inn lhoughl lo lhomsoIvos, 'If vo
accol lhoso nolions from lhoso vho camo boforo us vilhoul having
any roof bocauso vo vanl lo havo good lhoughls aboul lhoso vho
camo boforo us (lhal lhoy vouId nol Iio), vo couId novor imagino
lhal ManIind and }inn vouId ovor havo lho audacily lo allribulo
such grand Iios lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)!
32
Thoy conlinuod on vilh lhoir lhoughls and said lo lhomsoIvos,
'nov lhal vo havo roachod lo a IovoI of boing abIo lo conducl
rosoarch and havo arrivod lo lho lrulh and accolod il, vo soo lho
orror in foIIoving lho rovious gonoralions and lhus, vo lurn avay
from our ovn mislaIo and lho misguidodnoss of lho oIylhoisls
from among lho }inn.

33
N<
` -_ . ``' ,
from among mon voro voriIy And

' `- ` -,, .,,`, ' `
lho }inn from
amongsl
from mon vouId sooI
rofugo
manIind

_ , `,`,`

lhoir
insurgonls
and lhis
incroasod
lhom (lho
}inns) in
....' _': "_'> _ _.`' _:-_ _'>, _ _>:' >:'.s '..1> _

And voriIy mon from among human boings vouId sooI rofugo
vilh mon from among lho }inn and lhis incroasod lho roboIIiousnoss
of lhoso }inn.

Tho }inn said lhal anolhor vay lhal lho }inn and ManIind voro
misguidod vas lhal mon from among lho humans vouId sooI
rofugo vilh mon from among lho }inn, and lhis acl Ioad lo an
incroaso in lho misguidanco, sins and insurgonco of lho }inn.

Tho originaI moaning of lho vord '!" is lo covor somolhing vilh
angor, vioIonco and viclory and sinco oviIs such as misguidanco,
sins, roboIIion, and foar laIo comIolo conlroI ovor lho hoarl and
souI of a orson, lhus, lhis vord is oxIainod as such.
34
A grou of commonlalors of lho Qur'an havo said lhal lhis vorso
rofors lo olhor suorslilions vhich oxislod during lho oriod of
Ignoranco. Ono such suorslilion vas lhal vhonovor a grou of
Arabs vouId onlor inlo a vaIIoy in lho ovoning, lhoy vouId say:

,,,, ,`' ' , ,` `, ` `, .
I sooI rofugo from lho groal ono of lhis vaIIoy from
lho oviI of lho chiof of his (Shaitan) lribo.
12

And by saying lhis, lhoy foIl lhal lho Iargo or main }inn vouId bo
roloclod from lho oviIs of lho smaIIor (in ovor) }inn.

Sinco lho various corrul idoas vouId Ioad lo a oIIulion of onos
lhoughls and lho foar of boing misguidod, lhus al lho ond of lho
vorso il is monlionod lhal, lhis incroasod lho }inn in lhoir
insurgonco.

From lhis vorso, vo can doduco lhal lho }inn loo aro aIso dividod
inlo maIo and fomaIo sinco lho vords usod in lhis vorso aro mon
13

In any caso, lho moaning of lhis vorso is vasl and incIudos ooIo
from among manIind sooIing rofugo of any lyo from ooIo of lho
}inn and lho various corrul idoas lhal havo boon monlionod abovo
aro jusl a samIo of lho aduIloralod lhoughls.

Wo Inov lhal among lho Arabs, lhoro voro many soolhsayors and
oracIos vho lruIy boIiovod lhal lhrough lho }inn many robIoms
couId bo soIvod and informalion on ovonls lhal vouId occur in lho
fuluro couId bo foroloId.

35
Vorso 7
`,`~ ,'~ `,`,`' ,
you aII
lhoughl
jusl as lhoughl voriIy lhoy and

-' ' ` .`, ` .'
a singIo
orson
AIIah raiso u novor vouId lhal
..' '.L '.: :...L _' _: -,_ ' '.>' _

And voriIy lhoy (lhoso ooIo) lhoughl jusl as you aII lhoughl lhal
AIIah vouId novor bring raiso u a singIo orson (as a Mossongor).

In lho asl, vo usod lo sloaI a Iisloning
from lho hoavons, hovovor nov.

Tho }inn slarl oul by saying lhal a grou of humans lhoughl, jusl as
lhoy lhoughl, lhal aflor lhom (Irohols Musa and Isa), AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vouId nol aoinl anolhor Irohol.

Thoy disboIiovod in lho Qur'an and lho raising of lho finaI Irohol
Muhammad (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy),
hovovor vhon lho }inn Iislonod vilh allonlion lo lho hoavonIy
vorsos of lhis booI, lho lrulh of lhoso vords vas mado cIoar lo
lhom. Hovovor, lho disboIiovors from among lho }inn aro jusl IiIo
lho oIylhoisls from among manIind, vho havo choson lho alh of
disboIiof and aro bound lo mool lho samo falo as lhoy viII!

36
This sooch is a varning lo lho oIylhoisls lhal lhoy shouId Inov
lhal vhon lho }inn havo such a boIiof and judgmonl, lhoy shouId
vaIo u and jusl IiIo lho }inn, hoId firm lo and havo boIiof in lho
Qur'an and lho NobIo Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and
his famiIy).

Somo commonlalors havo suggoslod lhal lho hraso ' .-' = .`, ` .'
or lhal 'AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vouId novor aoinl
anyono rofors lo lho doniaI of lho Rosurroclion and nol lho doniaI of
lho sonding of Irohols.

Olhors havo said lhal vilhoul doubl, lhis vorso and lho rovious
vorso conslilulo lho sooch of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and nol lhal of lho boIioving }inn and lhoso vorsos havo boon Iacod
vilhin lhoir sooch as a form of inlorrogalion and lhal lho ooIo
boing addrossod in lhoso lvo vorsos aro acluaIIy lho oIylhoisls
from among lho Arabs.

According lo lhis oxIanalion, lho vorso undor discussion couId bo
lransIalod as foIIovs lhal O oIylhoisls from among lho Arabs!
You had lho samo boIiof jusl IiIo lho }inn had lhal AIIah vouId
novor aoinl a Mossongor, hovovor, aflor hoaring lho Qur'an, vo
roaIizo our mislaIo and lho limo has nov como for you loo lo
roaIizo your mislaIo.

Hovovor il is highIy unIiIoIy lhal lhis is lho lruo oxIanalion. Thus
aaronlIy, lhis sooch is a conlinualion of lho boIiovors among lho
}inn and lhoso vhom lhoy aro soaIing lo aro nono olhor lhan lho
disboIiovors from among lho }inn.


37
Vorso S
`-, ' ` . ` ' ,
hovovor, vo
found in
lhom
lho hoavons vo soarchod voriIy and

`,`, , ,- `.`
missiIos slrong rolocling vailing (for

us)
'..' '....: ,'..:' '....>.s .L '...> '._.. '..,. _

And voriIy vo soarchod lho hoavons hovovor vo found in lhom,
slrong rolocling missiIos vailing for us.

Aflor lhis lho boIiovors from among lho }inn soaI aboul ono of lho
signs of lrulh in lhoir sooch lhal aII olhor }inn vouId bo abIo lo
discorn for lhomsoIvos, by IooIing al lho naluraI vorId. Thoy said
lhal lhoy had boon soarching lhrough lho hoavons and found lhom
fuII of slrong roloclors, guardians and missiIos.
14

39
Vorso 9
,` `` ' ,
noar by sil vo usod lo voriIy and

' .. _`, ` _``
from nov on vouId Iislon lhon
vhoovor
lo Iislon in a Iaco

.`_ , , ` `-,
(and) a
fIaming firo.
missiIos for him ho vouId
find vailing
'..' '..: .-.1.. '. .-.1 _..L: _..s _...:._ _``' .>_ .: '..,'.
'.. _
And voriIy vo usod lo sil noar by and lry lo Iislon (lo lho novs
coming from lho hoavons), bul shooling missiIos nov avail lhoso
vho lry lo do lhal.

Conlinuing vilh lho convorsalion of lho }inn, lhoy monlionod lhal
unliI nov, lhoy usod lo sil in lho hoavons and sloaI a Iislon of lho
novs lhal vas occurring (in lho univorso) vhich lhoy vouId lhon
convoy lo lhoir frionds. Hovovor, nov vhoovor lrios lo go lo lho
hoavons and sloaI a Iislon aro mol vilh missiIos vhich aro aimod
diroclIy al lhom!

Doos lhis nov slalo of affairs nol oinl lo lho facl lhal vilh lho
coming of lho HoIy Irohol and lho rovoIalion of a HoavonIy BooI,
40
lhal a comIolo uhoavaI has laIo Iaco in lho vorId` Why is il
lhal in lho asl lho }inn voro abIo lo sloaI a Iislon from lho hoavons,
hovovor nono of lhom ossoss lhis abiIily nov`

Doos lhis vorso nol havo a vidor moaning lhal lho rovious ago of
oviI vorIs, oId ago and lricIory havo como lo a cIoso` Has nol lho
oriod of monlaI darInoss and ignoranco ondod and in ils Iaco, lho
sun of InovIodgo, rovoIalion and Iroholhood has rison`

Tho originaI moaning of lho vord ' `.,. is a fIamo lhal shools oul
from lho firo. AIso, lho oIongalod fIamos of firo lhal aro visibIo in
lho hoavons lhal shool oul and aro soon by us aro aIso roforrod lo in
Arabic as '.,.

In accordanco vilh lho rosoarchors of loday, lhoso 'fIamos aro
acluaIIy smaII iocos of rocI lhal havo boon moving and vhon lhoy
como cIoso lo lho Earlh, lhoy bocomo undor lho infIuonco of lho
gravilalionaI uII of lho Ianol and faII lo lho Earlh al a high
voIocily. Whon lhoy onlor inlo lho almoshoro, lho uII of gravily
of lho Earlh drags lhom faslor vhich rosuIls in lhom bocoming
hollor and lhus lhoy rosombIo lho fIamos of firo. In lho ond, lhoy
como dovn lo lho ground and lurn inlo ashos.

In lhoso vorsos of lho NobIo Qur'an, il rofors lo lho naluraI
honomona lhal lhoso shooling fIamos aro acluaIIy missiIos vhich
aro aimod lovards lho Shaiatin vho aro lrying lo sloaI a Iislon from
lho hoavons. Thus vo musl asI lho quoslion lhal: vhal doos il
moan lo sloaI a Iislon from lho hoavons` Hov is il ossibIo for lho
Shaiatin (DoviIs) and lho }inn lo run avay from lho hoavons bocauso
of lhoso Divino missiIos lhal aro boing shol al lhom`

A comIolo, dolaiIod doscrilion of lhis can bo found in our
discussion on SuraluI Hijr, vorso 1S (VoIumo 11, Iago 40 of Tafsir
Namuna in Farsi) and SurahluI 5affal, vorso 10 (VoIumo 19, ago 15
of Tafsir Namuna in Farsi).

41
Tho vord ' .._ is in lho moaning of roaring for somolhing vhiIo
ono is in lho slalo of vailing. This vord aIso comos in lho moaning
of lho vorbaI namo moaning lho orson or lhing lhal is vailing, and
lhis is lho moaning lhal is convoyod in lhis vorso.


43
N2C
2V . ' ,
oviI Inov if do nol voriIy vo and

`' ' `_. `, ,_'
or lho Earlh in lo lhoso vho
aro
is inlondod

_ `,`,',_ `,,, _'

guidanco lhoir Iord for lhom If Ho inlonds
'..' ` _... .' ._' _., _ _`' ,' :'' , ., '..

And voriIy vo do nol Inov if Ho inlonds oviI lo lhoso vho aro in
lho Earlh or if lhoir Iord inlonds guidanco for lhom.

Conlinuing in lhoir laII, lho }inn monlionod lhal vilh lho nov slalo
of affairs lhal had laIon Iaco, lhoy did nol Inov if lho rohibilion
of sloaIing a Iislon from lho hoavons vas a roIudo lo somolhing
bad lhal vas going lo bo infIiclod on lho ooIo of lho Earlh or if
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) had inlondod lo guido lho
ooIo.

In olhor vords, lho }inn did nol Inov if lhis vas a Ioad u lo lho
sonding dovn of unishmonl and lriaIs from AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) or if il vas lho roIoguo lo guidanco`

Hovovor, lho boIiovors from among lho }inn undorsland lhal lhom
boing rovonlod from sloaIing a Iislon from lho hoavons - vhich
44
vas around lho samo limo as lho raising u of lho Irohol of IsIam
(rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) and lho culling off of
lhoir soolhsaying or forluno loIIing and olhor lhings lhal occurrod,
vas acluaIIy lho shulling of lho doors of lho oriod of darInoss and
ignoranco and lho horaIding in of lho oriod of divino Iighl (nur)
and guidanco for manIind.

Hovovor as vo soo lhal lho }inn had a sociaI inlorosl and Iovo in
sloaIing a Iislon from lho hoavons, and lhus lhoy couId nol boIiovo
lhal by lhom boing rovonlod from lhis acl, lhoro couId bo a sign of
goodnoss and bIossings (for humanily).

Il is inlorosling lo nolo lhal in lhis vorso, lho issuo of guidanco of
manIind is allribulod lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho),
hovovor lho door or 'guido lo oviI and vicIodnoss is Iol
unInovn and is nol allribulod lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho). This confirms lho facl lhal vhalovor comos from AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) is good and ils uIlimalo uroso is
guidanco, vhoroas oviI and corrulion aII slom from manIind and
lho lransgrossion of lho bIossings lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) has gracod lhom vilh.

AIlhough il is Inovn lhal lho oosilo of ' ,. or oviI in Arabic is
' `_.- or good, hovovor sinco in lhis vorso lho moaning of good is
guidanco, lhus vo havo laIon lhis moaning in our oxIanalion.


45
Vorso 11
, ' . .,`- ' ,
and aro righloous amongsl us voriIy and

,~ : .,`
alhs voriIy aII of
us
lhan lhis
(righloous)
aro olhor (aIso)
amongsl us

aro on
difforonl
'..' '. _>L..:' '. _: :: '..: _.'L ':.

And among us, corlainIy somo of us aro righloous and olhors aro
nol. VoriIy, aII of us aro foIIoving difforonl alhs.

Wo havo hoard lho lrulh and havo submillod (lo il)

In lhis vorso, vhich is lho firsl vorso lhal is lho dirocl sooch of lho
}inn, lhoy say lhal among lhomsoIvos lhoro aro lhoso lhal orform
righloous acls and olhors vho do nol and lhal lhoy loo aro dividod
inlo various grous and faclions.

Il is ossibIo lhal lho }inn monlionod lhis in lho boginning of lhoir
sooch, sinco IbIis is ono of lho }inn and lhis lhoughl may havo
como inlo lho minds of olhors - lhal lho naluraI disosilion of lho
}inn is lhal lhoy commil oviI, vicIod doods. IooIo may havo
46
lhoughl lhal il is nol ossibIo for lho Iighl of Divino Guidanco (Nur)
lo ovor onlor inlo lhoir hoarls.

By lho boIiovors from among lho }inn saying lhis, lhoy maIo il cIoar
lo olhors lhal lhoy loo havo lho froodom and choico lo maIo lhoir
ovn docisions and lhal in lhoir midsl loo aro lhoso vho orform
righloous doods and lhoso lhal aro vicIod.

This sooch Iays dovn lho groundvorI for lhoso }inn vho vish lo
bo guidod. As il is Inovn lhal ono of lho vays in vhich
roagalion of lho failh or boIiofs is bound lo havo an imacl on
olhors is vhon a orson allribulos orsonaIily or characlor lo lho
olhor arly and Iols lhom Inov lhal lhoy loo havo lho olonliaI lo
bo guidod and roach lo a IovoI of orfoclion in lhoir Iivos.

This ossibiIily aIso oxisls lhal lho boIiovors from among lho }inn
soIo lhis sinco al lhal oinl in limo, lhoy voro rovonlod from
sloaIing a Iislon from lho hoavons. Thus, lhoy said vhal lhoy moanl
lhal ovon lhough a grou of lho }inn usod lo sloaI informalion from
lho hoavons and lhon rosonl il lo lhoso oviI ooIo on Earlh in
ordor lo misguido lhom, hovovor, nol aII of lho }inn voro IiIo lhis.

This vorso aIso amonds lho incorrocl nolions lhal ooIo may havo
in lhoir minds concorning lhom, lhal lho vord }inn is aIvays
associalod vilh Shaitan, corrulion, oviI, and misguidodnoss. This
vorso loIIs us lhal lho }inn loo aro broIon u inlo various calogorios
- righloous and non-righloous.

Tho vord ' is lho IuraI of lho vord '` and moans anylhing lhal
is cul off - and vhonovor a grou or faclion of ooIo broaI aarl
from lho rosl of lho grou or majorily, lhoy aro roforrod lo vilh lhis
vord.


47
Vorso 12
` .' ~ ' ,
novor couId lhoughl lhal
vo
voriIy vo and

, ' `_. ' ,-'
and lho Earlh (vholhor) in AIIah chaIIongo

,,
`,-`' `

oIsovhoro if vo fIod vo couId nol
(chaIIongo
Him)

'..' '...L _' _: >-. ' _ _`' _: .:>-. '..,> _
And voriIy vo lhoughl lhal vo couId novor chaIIongo AIIah
vholhor vo slayod on lho Earlh if vo fIod oIsovhoro.

Tho }inn conlinuo lhoir sooch by varning lhoir comrados by saying
lhal corlainIy, lhoy couId novor bo viclorious ovor lho inlonlion and
Ian of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) on lho Earlh, nor couId
lhoy havo any aulhorily ovor lho ovor of AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho).

Thus, if lhoy lhoughl lhal lhoy couId run avay from lho
unishmonl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) by hiding in lho
cornors of lho Earlh or somovhoro in lho hoavons, lhon lhoy voro in
manifosl orror!
4S
Thus, lho firsl sonlonco of lhis vorso rofors lo running avay or
hiding from lho ovor of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) on lho
Earlh, vhiIo lho socond sonlonco rofors lo running avay from lho
ovor of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) in gonoraI - vholhor il
bo on lho Earlh or in lho Hoavons.

Thoro is aIso anolhor ossibiIily lhal can bo oxlraclod from lhis
vorso and lhal is lhal lho firsl arl rofors lo lho facl lhal lho }inn
vouId novor bo viclorious ovor AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho),
vhiIo lho socond haIf of lho vorso rofors lo lho facl lhal lhoy vouId
novor bo abIo lo havo aulhorily ovor His juslico (AdaIah).

Thoroforo, vhon ono soos lhal il is nol ossibIo lo run avay from
lho ovor of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), nor is lhoro
anyvay lo havo aulhorily or ovor ovor His juslico, lhon, lhoro is
no olhor olion Iofl for anyono oxcol lo submil lo His commands
and His juslico comIoloIy.

49
Vorso 13
' `, ` ' ,
lo lho
guidanco
(Qur'an)
Iislonod havo suroIy voriIy vo and

`,,, ``,`, ` ,
in his Iord boIiovos And
vhoovor
in il (and) vo
boIiovo

. , `-, -, `
nol (foar) and Ioss foar viII nol

[$ \.

orossion.

'..' '.: '..-.. _.:' '.', ., _..s __ ....,, ..s '>._ '...
` '..1> _
And voriIy vo havo suroIy Iislonod lo lho guidanco (of lho Qur'an)
and so vo boIiovo in il. And vhoovor boIiovos in his Iord viII nol
foar Ioss or orossion.

Tho boIiovors from among lho }inn conlinuod lhoir laII by slaling
lhal lhoy Iislonod lo lho guidanco lhal has como from lho HoIy
Qur'an and havo boIiovod vhoIohoarlodIy in il. If lhoy aro inviling
olhors lo lho lrulh of lho Qur'an, lhon lhoso vho aro boing invilod
50
shouId rosl assurod lhal lho }inn vho havo aIroady accolod il aro
aIso raclicing il. Was lhis nol lho caso, lhoy vouId nol bo caIIing
olhors lo boIiovo and acl in lho vay lhoy aro unliI lhoy lhomsoIvos
boIiovo and acl uon il.

Tho }inn lhon summarizo - in ono shorl sonlonco - lho bonofil of
boIioving in lho Qur'an and ils conlonls by slaling lhal vhosoovor
boIiovos in lhoir Iord viII novor foar any sorl of Ioss or orossion.

Tho vord '78 rofors lo any Iind of Ioss lhal vouId como aboul
lhrough dosolism or orsoculion vhiIo lho vord '!" jusl as vas
roviousIy monlionod, rofors lo covoring or concoaIing somolhing
by forco.

Olhor schoIars havo monlionod lho difforonco bolvoon lhoso lvo
vords as boing: lho vord '78 moans somolhing lhal is good or
urighl vhich viII novor bo laIon avay, vhoroas lho vord '!"
moans somolhing lhal is bad or oviI vhich viII novor havo anylhing
addod lo il.

As voII, olhor schoIars havo monlionod lhal '78 rofors lo no
roduclion in lho good doods, vhoroas '!" rofors lo a difficuIl
rosonsibiIily.

In any caso, lho ovoraII moaning of lhis vorso is lhal no mallor hov
Iargo or smaII lho acl lhal a boIiovor orforms, ho is guaranlood lo
rocoivo his rovard for lho acl vilh no roduclion or docroaso in ils
comonsalion.

Il musl bo monlionod lhal lho }uslico of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) is nol Iimilod lo onIy lho boIiovors, hovovor, sinco non-
boIiovors do nol havo any righloous aclions on lhoir dood of
rocords, lhus, lhoro is no monlion for lho rovard of lhoir acls.

51
Vorso 14
, ' .,``` ' ,
and aro MusIims among us voriIy And

`,' : ,`' ` ' .,=
lhon voriIy il
is lhoy
submils so lhon
vhosoovor
aro lhoso
vho havo
dovialod
from lho
lrulh
among us

_ `,- `,

lho righl
guidanco
vho havo
foIIovod
'..' '. _.L..:' '. _L...1:' _..s L..' ......:'.s '>.

'.. _
And voriIy among us aro MusIims and among us aro lhoso vho
havo dovialod from lho Trulh. So lhon vhosoovor submils (lo AIIah)
lhon voriIy il is lhoy vho havo foIIovod lho righl guidanco.

In lhis vorso, as an addod oxIanalion, lho discussion focusos on lho
ovonluaI ond of bolh lho boIiovors and disboIiovors, by slaling lhal
by vay of lho guidanco conlainod in lho Qur'an, from among lho
}inn, lhoro aro lhoso vho submil and olhors vho aro orossors.
15

52
Hovovor, as for lhoso vho accol IsIam (submission lo AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)), voriIy lhoy havo choson lho roor
alh and sinco lhoy havo laIon slos lovards guidanco, lho rovard
of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) is for lhom.
16
53
Vorso 15
,`,- ,` ' .,= ' ,
for lho hoII
firo
lhoy shaII bo as for lho
dovialors
from lho
lrulh
hovovor and

=-

fuoI
'' _L..1:' '..'.s ,.>: '...,L> _

And hovovor, as for lho dovialors from lho Trulh, lhoy shaII bo
lho fuoI for hoII.

Hovovor, as for lho orossors, lhoy viII bo lho fuoI for
lho hoII firo!

Il is imorlanl lo nolo lhal in lhoso vorsos, lho vord ' ,. or ono
vho has submillod is usod, as lho oosilo of ' ,.~ or an orossor
vhich oinls lo lho facl lhal lho lhing vhich laIos a orson oul of
boing an orossor is lruo failh. Olhorviso, an individuaI vilhoul
failh viII aIvays romain siriluaIIy oIIulod as an orossor and
lyranl.

AIso, lhis vorso shovs lhal lho lruo boIiovor is lhal orson vho has
novor boon an orossor or lyranl, jusl as lho hadilh from lho NobIo
Irohol of IsIam (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy)
slalos:
54
` ` ``,`' ' `,,,`' , `,,`' _. .
Tho lruo boIiovor is ono vilh vhom olhor ooIos
Iivos and voaIlh aro roloclod.
17

In anolhor hadilh from lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him
and his famiIy) il is monlionod lhal:

, ` `,``' ' , , ` .,``` .
Tho MusIim is ono vhom olhor MusIims aro
roloclod from his longuo and his hand (vorbaI or
hysicaI assauIl).
1S

Tho hraso usod in lhis vorso ' ._ ,,.- oinls lo lho facl lhal lho
boIiovors, lhrough aying allonlion, Iooing a lruo inlonlion and
lhrough rosoarch and invosligalion viII como lovards guidanco.
Truo guidanco can novor bo broughl aboul lhrough soaIod oyos,
bIind foIIoving and accolanco, lhus lho groalosl rovard lhal lhoy
viII rocoivo is allaining or roaching lo lho lrulh, undor vhich aII lho
olhor bounlios and Ioasuros of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
viII bo granlod.

Hovovor, lho vorsl of silualions and rodicamonls for lho
orossors is lhal lhoy viII bo lho fuoI for lho hoII firo, moaning lhal
lho firo of hoII viII bo slirrod u vilh lhom!


55
Vorso 16
' ,,= _ ' ` ,` ,' ,
lhoir roIigion
(aI-IsIam)
uon romainod
sloadfasl
had lhoy
(}inn and
ManIind)
And

. `,`' ,`
lo drinI in
abundanco
valor vo vouId
corlainIy
havo givon
lhom

:' '..1.:.' _Ls 1_L:' ....1.` ,' '....s _
And had lhoy (lho }inn and ManIind) romainod sloadfasl in lhoir
roIigion (of aI-IsIam), Wo vouId corlainIy havo givon lhom
abundanl valor lo drinI.

You viII bo Toslod vilh CounlIoss BIossings!

AaronlIy, lho foIIoving four vorsos aro a conlinualion of lho
sooch of lho boIioving }inn among lhoir ovn grou (ovon lhough a
grou of Commonlalors of lho Qur'an boIiovo lhoso vorsos lo bo lho
dirocl sooch of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) insorlod in
bolvoon lho sooch of lho }inn).

Hovovor, if vo rogard lhoso vorsos as boing lho sooch of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) insorlod in bolvoon lho sooch of lho
}inn, lhon lhis dofiniloIy goos againsl lho aaronl roading of lho
vorsos. Sinco lho vording in lhoso vorsos boars cIosor sombIanco lo
56
lho sooch of lho rovious vorsos vhich voro lho sooch of lho }inn,
lhus, il is imossibIo for us lo considor lhoso as nol boing lho vords
of lho }inn as voII.
19

In any caso, lho rovious vorsos voro in roforonco lo lho rovards
lhal lho boIiovors vouId rocoivo in lho noxl Iifo, hovovor in lhis
soclion, lho vorsos laII aboul lho bonofils and rovards lhal viII bo
gainod in lhis vory vorId.

Tho shovoring of Morcy vouId havo boon conforrod uon lhoso
ooIo and lho founlainhoads and srings of lho Iifo-giving valor
vouId havo boon Iacod al lhoir disosaI.

Il is Inovn lhal in lhoso Iacos vhoro valor is in abundanco,
ovorylhing oIso is aIso in abundanco, and lhus, lhrough lhoir boIiof,
lho various bIossings of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vouId
bo Iacod al lho disosaI of lho }inn.

Tho vord 'AB monlionod in lhis vorso moans a Iargo suIy of
valor. This is nol lho firsl limo in lho NobIo Qur'an lhal lhis issuo
has boon omhasizod, lhal nol onIy aro bolh failh and ioly (laqva)
lvo lrails lhal Ioad lo siriluaI bonofils, bul ralhor lhoso aro aIso lho
sourco of aII maloriaI bonofils in lhis vorId and lho incroaso in
bIossings from AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

This bIossing can aIso bo soon in various vorsos of lho Qur'an such
as Surah Nuh, vorsos 10 lo12:

`. ' `` . _ ,`, `` `,`, . . _ `,`,
' ` . . _`` ,`, _ ``,, . ,`', `,` ,, .
`-,, - `, `-,, . ,`' `, _
.And ho (Irohol Nuh) loId lhom, 'AsI
forgivonoss from your Iord, Ho is AII-Forgiving.
57
Ho viII sond you abundanl rain from lho sIy,
slronglhon you by (roviding) you vilh voaIlh and
chiIdron, and maIo gardons and slroams for you.

Il is imorlanl lo nolo lhal according lo vhal is monlionod in lhis
vorso, lhal vhich Ioads lo an incroaso in bIossings and favours from
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) is having firm, conlinuod boIiof
and nol jusl simIy boIioving sinco failh lhal is lomorary or
lransionl has no vaIuo and doos nol guaranloo lho bIossings from
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho). Whal is imorlanl is lo havo
firm, conlinuod un-vavoring boIiof - somolhing lhal many ooIo
find difficuIl lo hoId on lo.

59
Vorso 17
`,``, , , `,`,
lurns avay vhoovor and vilh rosocl
lo il
So lhal Wo
may lry lhom

, ``, `,_ , `
A
unishmonl
Ho viII maIo
him onlor
inlo
of his Iord lho romindor from

.

affIicling
.:.i..: s _ _-_ _s :: .., L._ '..,'.s '.-. _

So lhal Wo may lry lhom vilh rosocl lo il, and vhoovor lurns
avay from lho romindor of his Iord, Ho viII maIo him onlor inlo an
affIicling unishmonl.

In lhis vorso, vo aro guidod lo anolhor roaIily vhon AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) loIIs us lhal lho uroso of boing bIossod vilh
bounliosis a moans lo losl us.

Aro bIossings and bounlios lho roason for us lo bocomo nogIigonl
and forgolfuI of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), or aro lhoy a
moans for us lo vaIou, lhanI and ay ovon moro allonlion lo
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)`

60
From lhis vorso il is cIoar lhal ono of lho mosl imorlanl losls lhal
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) uls us lhrough is by giving us
bIossings. Il is aIso inlorosling lo nolo lhal vhon AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) losls us vilh bounlios, lhis losl is acluaIIy moro
difficuIl and hardor lo ass lhan if Ho losls us vilh unishmonls
and hardshis.

Il is a arl of human naluro lhal vhon ono is givon bounlios, ho
immodialoIy bocomos ongrossod and drovns himsoIf in lhoso
bIossings and aIIovs his assions and innor dosiros gol lho bosl of
him. Wilhoul doubl, il is lhoso lhings lhal acluaIIy drag us furlhor
avay from AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and aIIov lho Iols
of Shaitan (lho doviI) lo laIo offocl.

Tho onIy orson lhal is abIo lo Ioo avay from lho nogalivo offocls
lhal lho bounlios and bIossings of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho) havo is lhal orson vho is conlinuousIy in a slalo of
romombranco of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and doos nol
ovor forgol Him, and lhoroforo lhrough lhis acl, lho hoarl of such a
orson is roloclod from lho infIuonco of Shaitan.
20

Thus, aflor lhis, il is monlionod lhal vhoovor lurns avay from lho
romombranco of His Iord viII bo mol vilh a ainfuI unishmonl
and oxlondod hardshis during his Iifo.

Tho vord monlionod in lho ond of lhis vorso is #(1 vhich is in lho
moaning of oIovaling or boing raisod, and il somolimos comos in lho
moaning of rising smoIo or dusl.

A groal numbor of Commonlalors of lho Qur'an havo oIucidalo on
lhis vorso in lhis arlicuIar mannor by slaling lhal lho moaning is a
unishmonl vhich viII bo vory difficuIl lo boar. Tho samo lhomo
can bo found in SuraluI Muddalhir, vorso 17 in vhich il viII bo said
lo a grou of lho oIylhoisls:

61
,`. ``_'
I viII maIo a dislrossfuI unishmonl ovorlaIo
him.

Hovovor, il is ossibIo lhal vhal has boon monlionod abovo may
acluaIIy bo an oxIanalion of lho difficuIlios in boaring lho
unishmonl, and rofor lo lho addilion of unishmonls as voII.

Thoroforo, in lho abovo-monlionod vorso, lho lrails of lruo boIiof and
AIIah-consciousnoss aro allribulod lo as boing bIossings from AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho). On lho olhor hand, lho incroaso of
bIossings is allribulod lo boing an incroaso in lho losls lhal AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) uls His sorvanls lhrough. From a
lhird oinl of viov, lhoso vho do nol romombor AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) aro lhroalonod vilh a conlinuod, oroluaI,
ainfuI and griovous unishmonl.

This can aIso bo soon in various vorsos of lho Qur'an such as in
Surah |aha, vorso 124 vhoro vo road:

. , ` ., , ` ,`' ` ,
And vhoovor forsaIos lho romombranco of Mo
(AIIah) lhon vilhoul doubl such a orson viII havo
a cramod, confinod Iifo.

In SuraluI NamI, vorso 40, AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
monlions lho foIIoving from lho sooch of Irohol SuIayman ibn
Davud (oaco bo uon him):

. `,_ `. ` . ,`, ' `' `, ' `,
This is from lho graco of my Iord so lhal Ho may
losl mo - am I gralofuI or I bo ungralofuI.

62
AIso, in SuraluI AnfaI, vorso 2S il is monlionod:

, ' .`,' , `,,`' ` ,`` `, `
You (aII) shouId Inov lhal vilhoul doubl your
voaIlh and your chiIdron aro aII a losl (for you.)

63
Vorso 1S
' - .' ,
so lhon do
nol

aro soIoIy
rosorvod for
AIIah
lho Masajid
(Iacos of
Worshi)
suroIy And

-' ' _ ,``
anyono
(anylhing)
oIso
AIIah vilh caII uon
_' .>...:' L: ..s 's.. _ ' '.>' _

And voriIy lho Masajid (Iacos of vorshi) aro soIoIy rosorvod for
AIIah, so lhon do nol caII uon anyono (anylhing) oIso vilh AIIah.

In lhis vorso, vo road vhal lho }inn lhomsoIvos said vilh lhoir ovn
longuos vhiIo roaching lo lhoir communilios and inviling lhom lo
lho boIiof of lho Ononoss of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

Thoy informod lhoir foIIovors lhal lho Masajid aII boIong lo AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), lhoroforo no ono shouId caII uon
anyono vilh AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) (in lhom). Whal is
lho moaning of Masajid in lhis vorso` Various commonlarios havo
boon givon in roIalion lo lhis vord.

Tho firsl boing lhal lho moaning of Masajid is lho acluaI hysicaI
buiIding in vhich ooIo roslralo lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) of vhich, lho mosl orfocl of Iacos lhal lhis is orformod is
lho Masjid aI-Haram and lhon foIIoving lhis sacrod Iaco, aII olhor
64
Masajid in lho vorId. Tho vidor scoo vouId covor aII Iacos
vhoro a orson orforms his aIal and roslralos lo AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho).

According lo lho voII-Inovn hadilh of lho Irohol (rayors of
AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy), il is slalod:

`.`- ' _,`,~ , -` `_.
Tho vhoIo Earlh vas mado a Iaco of roslralion
and urifior (layammum) for mo.
21

Thoroforo, aII lho Iacos on Earlh aro covorod by lhis vorso.

AccordingIy, lhis vorso is aIso a roIy lo lho Arab oIylhoisls and
lhoso IiIo lhom vho looI lho Kabah as a Iaco lo vorshi idoIs.
This vouId aIso aIy lo lho Chrislians vho havo gono aslray by
vorshiing lho 'lhroo in lhoir Church and havo laIon lo
vorshiing lhoir 'lhroo gods (lho Falhor, lho Son and lho HoIy
Ghosl).

Tho Qur'an says lhal aII lho Iacos of vorshi aro rosorvod onIy for
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and in lhoso sacrod Iacos, il is
nol ormillod lo vorshi or roslralo lo anyono olhor lhan AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

Tho socond moaning of lho vord Masajid is lho sovon arls of lho
body lhal musl bo Iacod on lho ground in lho slalo of roslralion.
Thoso sovon arls of lho body musl onIy bo Iacod on lho ground
for lho vorshi of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and il is nol
aIIovod lo uso lhom for lho vorshi of anyono or anylhing olhor
lhan Him.

In lho famous hadilh from lho 9
lh
Imam, Muhammad ibn AIi aI-
}avad (oaco bo uon him) il is narralod lhal in lho galhoring of a

65
grou of schoIars from lho AhI as-Sunnah in vhich Mulasim Abbas
vas aIso rosonl, ho (Mulasim) asIod lhal from vhoro shouId lho
hand of lho lhiof bo cul off` Somo of lho schoIars said from lho
vrisl and usod lho vorso of Tayammum as lhoir roof. Olhors said
from oIbov and broughl lho vorso of WuJhu as lhoir roof.

Tho 'caIih Mulasim lhon asIod Imam Muhammad ibn AIi aI-
}avad (oaco bo uon him) vhal his ansvor vas. Al firsl, lho Imam
oxcusod himsoIf and asIod lhal ho nol ansvor lho quoslion.
Hovovor Mulasim vas dolorminod lo gol lho ansvor from lho
Imam, and lhus, lho Imam roIiod, AII lhal lhoso ooIo havo said
is comIoloIy vrong. Tho onIy lhing lhal is ormillod lo bo cul off
is lho four fingors (olhor lhan lho lhumb) - lho aIm of lho hand and
lho lhumb musl romain.

Whon Mulasim asIod for roof of lhis ruIing, lho Imam broughl lho
ruIing from lho Irohol of IsIam (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and
his famiIy) and said lhal al lho limo of roslralion lho sovon arls of
lho body - lho forohoad, aIms of bolh hands, bolh Inoos and lho
lvo Iargo loos - musl bo Iacod on lho ground. Aflor saying lhis ho
addod lhal if lho hand voro lo bo cul off al lho vrisl or lho oIbov,
lhon lhoro vouId romain no aIm for lho orson lo orform
roslralion vilh vhiIo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has
commandod lhal lho Masajid (Iacos of roslralion) - moaning lho
sovon arls lhal musl bo Iacod on lho ground aro rosorvod for
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lhal vhich is rosorvod for
AIIah musl lhoroforo nol bo cul off.

This sooch of lho Imam slarlIod Mulasim and lhus, ho ordorod his
courl lo acl uon lho ruIing of lho Imam and ordorod lhal onIy lho
four fingors of lho lhiof bo cul off.
22

Thoro aro aIso many olhor ahadilh in roIalion lo lhis ruIing
23
,
hovovor, lhoso lhal havo boon roIalod aro usuaIIy vilhoul a chain
of narralors or lhrough a voaI chain of aulhorilios or havo olhor
66
robIoms and lhus, lo uso lhoso ahadilh lo ansvor quoslions or
concorns is difficuIl.

For oxamIo, il is voII Inovn among lho IsIamic SchoIars (Fuqaha)
lhal if a lhiof sloaIs somolhing for a socond limo (aflor lho
unishmonl has boon molod oul lo him lho firsl limo) lhon lho fool
musl bo cul off such lhal lho lo of lho fool (Iog) romains - hovovor,
lho big loo vhich is on lho fool is aIso ono of lho arls of
roslralion.

Tho samo silualion comos u concorning a orson vho slarls a var
in vhich his unishmonl is lhal his hand and fool musl bo cul off.

Tho lhird moaning of Masajid is lho acluaI acl of roslralion,
moaning lhal lhis acl of vorshi musl nol bo orformod for any
olhor ono or lhing lhan AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho),
hovovor lhis moaning goos againsl lho aaronl roading of lho
vorsos and has no roof lo subslanlialo il.

Summarizing aII lhal has boon monlionod, vo roach lho concIusion
lhal: lhal vhich is in accordanco lo lho aaronl roading of lho
vorso is lho firsl oxIanalion givon vhich is in comIolo unily vilh
lho vorso lhal camo boforo il and lhal vhich comos aflor il, in
roIalion lo Tavhid and hov vorshi is comIoloIy rosorvod for
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) onIy.

Il is ossibIo lhal lho lhird oxIanalion may bo accolod lo add
omhasis lo lho moaning of lho vorso hovovor lhoro is no roof lo
allribulo lho lhird moaning lo il.

Tahrif (AIloralion in lho Moaning) of lho
Commonlary of lhis Vorso

Tho issuo rogarding TavassuI by vay of lho Irohol of IsIam
(rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) and lho inlimalo

67
frionds of AIIah (bIossings uon aII of lhom) moaning laIing lhoso
ooIo as an inlormodiary and inlorcossor in lho rosonco of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) - is an issuo lhal doos nol nogalo lho
roaIily of Tavhid, nor doos il go againsl lho vorsos of lho NobIo
Qur'an. Ralhor, il acls as a confirmor and vorifior of Tavhid,
moaning lhal il shovs us lhal aII lhings como from AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho).

In lho various vorsos of lho Qur'an, lho loic of inlorcossion has
boon rooalodIy monlionod and so has lho issuo of lho Irohol of
IsIam (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) asIing
forgivonoss for lho boIiovors.
24

Thoro aro somo ooIo vho havo no connoclion vilh lho lruo
loachings of IsIam and lho Qur'an and lhoroforo aro comIoloIy
againsl any form of TavassuI or Inlorcossion and lo rovo lhoir
oinl, find voaI oxcusos and lry lo roIy on vorsos of lho Qur'an such
as lho abovo vorso undor discussion:

.' , ' ' - _ ,`` ' -'
And voriIy lho Masajid aro onIy for AIIah, so lhon
do nol caII uon olhor lhan AIIah in lhom.

Thoso ooIo say lhal according lo lhis vorso of lho Qur'an, vo aro
commandod lo nol caII uon anyono oxcol for AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho), nol lo oxocl (anylhing) from olhor lhan AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and nol lo asI inlorcossion from
anyono!

Hovovor, lo bo fair lo such ooIo (in doaIing vilh lhom), vo slalo
lhal lhis vorso has no connoclion or roIalion vilh vhal lhoy aro
cIaiming, ralhor, lho moaning of lhis vorso is lhal il nogalos aII
forms of oIylhoism - lo Iaco anylhing on lho samo IovoI of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) in vorshi or for asIing onos noods.
6S
In olhor vords, if a orson asIs olhor lhan AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) for somolhing lhal onIy AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) is abIo lo fuIfiII and boIiovos lhal lho ono vho ho is asIing
from is lho ono vho is lho uIlimalo aulhorily and is comIoloIy froo
in orforming vhal ho is asIod lo do, lhon lhis orson vouId bo
considorod as a oIylhoisl.

Thoroforo, lho vord in lhis vorso '_ or lho sonlonco '= _ , is in
lho moaning lhal, 'vo boar vilnoss lhal vo musl nol Iaco anyono
or anylhing aIong sido vilh AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lhal
vo considor lo bo lho iniliaI (and indoondonl) sourco of having an
affocl on our Iivos.

Hovovor, if vo asI inlorcossion from lho Irohols of AIIah
(bIossings of AIIah bo uon aII of lhom) or vo asI for lhom lo acl as
Inlormodiarios in lho rosonco of lho AImighly, lhon nol onIy do vo
nol nogalo lhis boIiof, ralhor, lho Qur'an has ilsoIf invilod lho
Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) lo lhis
(Inlorcossion) and somolimos, olhor ooIo havo ovon boon
commandod lo sooI Inlorcossion from lho Irohol of IsIam (rayors
of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) as voII.

In vorso 103 of SuraluI Tavbah vo road lho foIIoving:

.., .,, ,,,,`, `,``,`,=` . `,,,`' ` `
:. . `,,`, ` , `,`, ' ` `,, `_, _
(O Irohol Muhammad!) TaIo from lhoir (lho
boIiovors) voaIlh somo Sadaqah. This acl viII
urify lhom and maIo lhom cIoan and (al lho limo
of laIing a orlion of lhoir voaIlh, aIso) ray for
lhom. VoriIy your rayors for lhom acl as
lranquiIily for lhom and AIIah is lho AII-Hoaring,
AII-Knoving.
69
AIso, in vorso 97 of Surah Yusuf, Yusufs brolhors soaIing lo lhoir
falhor Yaqub, asI of him:

, ,' ' `,`` ` . ,, . ~ . __
O our falhor (Yaqub), Ioaso asI forgivonoss
(from AIIah) for our sins. VoriIy vo aro lho onos
vho had commillod an orror.

Nol onIy did Irohol Yaqub (oaco bo uon him) nol rofulo or
rojocl lhoir roquosl, ralhor, ho coooralod vilh lhom and said:

`,_ `,`,``' , __
Soon shaII I sooI forgivonoss for you from My
Iord.

Thus, according lo lhoso roofs, lho issuo rogarding TavassuI and
sooIing Inlorcossion from olhors, has boon monlionod in lho HoIy
Qur'an and is acluaIIy ono of lho cIoar commandmonls of AIIah.

71
_
Vorso 19
`` ``' ,
lho sorvanl (ho) slood u vhon lhon suroIy and

`, .,`,, ,` `,``, '
uon him crovdod Thoy aImosl caIIing uon
Him
of AIIah

lo doalh
...' '.: '. .,s ' :s._ ':': _.._ Ls '..,: _

And lhon suroIy vhon lho sorvanl of AIIah (Muhammad) slood u
caIIing uon Him (and caIIing olhors lovards himsoIf and road lho
Qur'an lo lhom), lhoy aImosl crovdod him (lo doalh).

In lho conlinualion of lho sooch, in ordor lo oxIain lho amazing
offocl lhal lho GIorious Qur'an and lho vorshi of lho Irohol
(rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) had on olhors, il is
monlionod lhal vhon lho sorvanl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho), Muhammad (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony)
vouId sland u lo vorshi AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), and
caII uon his Iord, a grou of lho }inn vouId galhor around him.
25

Tho vord ') in lhis vorso is in lho moaning of Iacing various
lhings on lo of or abovo ono anolhor. This lorm is usod lo rofor lo
lho aslonishing surgo of boIioving }inn vho had galhorod around
72
lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) lo
Iislon lo lho rocilalion of lho Qur'an during lhoir firsl oncounlor vilh
lhoso hoavonIy vords. This vord is aIso usod lo rofor lo lho
incrodibIo ovor of allraclion lhal lho aIal of lho Irohol (rayors
of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) had uon lho }inn.

Tvo olhor commonlarios aIso oxisl in roIalion lo lhis vorso. Tho firsl
ono is lhal lho boIioving }inn voro lrying lo communicalo lo lho
comanions of lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his
famiIy) lhal in ordor lo hoar lho Irohols vords, hov il is ossibIo
lhal such a smaII numbor of }inn vho Iivod in MaIIah vouId aII
galhor around him and cIimb ovor lo of ono anolhor. Tho moaning
of lhis is lhal lho grou of }inn had laIon an oxamIo from his
conducl and had haslonod lovards failh.

Tho socond inlorrolalion is lo slalo lhal vhon lho Irohol (rayors
of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) vas busy in his 5aIal and
rocilalion of lho Qur'an, lho oIylhoisls of MaIIah vouId crovd
around him so much and lhus, lhoy vouId maIo fun and annoy
him.

Hovovor, lho Iasl commonlary givon is nol arorialo lo suil lho
uroso of lho }inn vho vanlod lo convoy lo lho olhors aboul lho
roIigion and lo oncourago lhom lovards accoling lho failh, lhus,
ono of lho olhor lvo commonlarios is much moro suilabIo lo accol.
73
N7C
`,_ ,``' `
and my Iord I onIy caII
uon
SuroIy Say (O
Muhammad)

-' , `,`' .
anyono or
anylhing
vilh Him I associalo Nol
_. '..' 's:' _., ` ..' ., '.>' _

Say (O Muhammad): SuroIy I onIy caII uon my Iord, and I do
nol associalo anyono or anylhing vilh Him.

Say: I am nol lho guardian of lho good or bad lhal
roachos you!

In lhoso noxl fivo vorsos, in ordor lo maIo lho foundalions of
Tavhid (Ononoss of AIIah) ovon firmor and lo nogalo aII forms of
oIylhoism vhich havo boon monlionod in lho rovious vorsos of
lhis Surah, lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his
famiIy) is firsl commandod lo say lo lho ooIo lhal ho caIIs onIy
uon his Iord and lhal ho vorshis onIy Him and doos nol
orform ovon lho smaIIosl amounl of oIylhoism!

75
N72
8c `:`' . `
for you conlroI do nol suroIy I Say (O
Muhammad)

_ . , ,.
any good nor (do I

conlroI for
you)
and oviI
_. _..' ` L' ,: ' ` '.. _

Say (O Muhammad): SuroIy I do nol conlroI for you oviI and nor
(do I conlroI for you) any good.

Tho Irohol is lhon commandod lo say lo lho ooIo lhal ho himsoIf
doos nol conlroI or hoId any aulhorily in lho oviI or good lhal viII
como uon a orson.

77
N77
( -`, ` `
from roloclion havo no suroIy I Say (O
Muhammad)

-' ` , `-' '
can I find novor And from
anybody
AIIah

-` ,` `

any Iaco of
rofugo
olhor lhan
Him
From
_. _..' _: _..>_ _ ' ...>' _: .>' _ .....: '.>:L __

Say (O Muhammad): SuroIy I havo no roloclion from AIIah from
anybody and nor can I find any Iaco of rofugo from olhor lhan
Him.

In lhis vorso, lho Irohol adds lhal ovon if ho voro lo acl againsl lho
Trulh, lhon ho loo vouId havo no roloclion from AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) and olhor lhan Him, ho has no Iaco of rofugo or
safoly.
26

In lhis mannor, no ono can givo Muhammad (rayors of AIIah bo
uon him and his famiIy) shoIlor or socurily, nor can anylhing
rovido him vilh lhis roloclion (olhor lhan lho Croalor).

7S
From ono oinl of viov, lhis sooch covors lho loic of Tavhid in
Ibadal vhich slalos lhal vorshi is rosorvod onIy for AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), and from anolhor oinl of viov, il
nogalos aII forms of GhuIuv or oxlromism in roIalion lo lho Irohol
of IsIam (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy).

As for lho ooIo al lhal limo, lhis vorso shovod lhom lhal nol onIy
do lho faIso idoIs lhal lhoy mado vilh lhoir ovn hands havo
absoIuloIy no conlroI or ovor ovor lho Iivos of lho ooIo, bul aIso
lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) loo vilh
aII his groalnoss and rosligo couId nol diroclIy bo a Iaco of rofugo
from lho sovoro unishmonl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

Tho finaI oinl of lhis vorso is lhal il shovs lhal lhoro aro lhings lhal
lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) couId nol
do by his ovn Ioavo, and vhalovor ovors or abiIilios ho had, voro
aII from AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lhis aIso confirms
lho facl lhal Inlorcossion and TavassuI (sooIing an inlormodiary for
onos roquosls) aro onIy ormillod by lho ormission of AIIah

Tho vord ' .- monlionod in lhis vorso is in lho moaning of a Iaco
of corlain socurily or safoly and originaIIy camo from lho rool vord
' .- vhich is in lho moaning of a il or hoIo, simiIar lo lho hoIo lhal
is dug insido lho gravo of a orson so lhal on ono sido of lho gravo,
il rosombIos a nicho and il is insido lhis nicho lhal lho body of lho
docoasod is Iacod so lhal vhon lho dirl is lhrovn on lo of lho
gravo lo soaI il, il doos nol faII on lho body of lho docoasod. This
nicho aIso sorvos lo rolocl lho body from viId animaIs vho may
lry lo allacI lho corso. Thus, any Iaco lhal can bo considorod as a
safo and socuro Iaco of safoly has boon roforrod lo vilh lhis vord.

}usl as has boon monlionod in lho rovious vorsos, lho moaning of
lhis hraso loo is lhal in roIalion lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho), lho Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) ovon

79
has no ovor or abiIily on his ovn. Hovovor, ho is abIo lo roquosl
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lo romovo lho difficuIlios from a
orson or roquosl AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lo guido
ooIo vorlhy of rocoiving diroclion, and lhis is lho ossonco of
Tavhid and dofiniloIy is nol oIylhoism!

Il is vorlhy lo nolo lhal in lhis vorso, lho vord ',. or Ioss is usod as
lho oosilo of '_ or guidanco. This oinls lo lho facl lhal lho lruo
rofil and bonofil for a orson is guidanco, jusl as has boon
oxIainod in lho sooch of lho }inn in lho rovious vorsos vhoro ',
or oviI had boon usod as lho oosilo of ' ._ or guidanco and lhus,
lhoso lvo vords go aIong vilh ono anolhor.


S1
N7?
' ` , .
and AIIah from lho
doIivoring (of
rovoIalion)
TIl isU onIy

' `, ` , _ .
AIIah disoboys ho vho and (doIivoring
of) His
mossagos

_ ` ., `,`_ ,
firo for him is lho lhon suroIy His
Mossongor
And

,' ,, , ,`,-
for olornily lhoroin lo abido of hoII
`' '..-.L, _ ' .:.L.. _ -_ ' .:. _'.s .: '.. ,..>

__.L.. '.s '...,' __
(Il is) onIy a doIivoring (of rovoIalion) from AIIah and (doIivoring
of) His mossagos, and ho vho disoboys AIIah and His Mossongor,
lhon suroIy for him is lho firo of hoII lo abido lhoroin for olornily.

In lhis vorso il is monlionod lhal lho Irohol is aIso commandod lo
loII lho ooIo lhal lho onIy rosonsibiIily lhal ho has is lo convoy
S2
lho mossagos lhal Ho has boon givon from AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho).
27

This vorso is somovhal simiIar lo vhal is found in SuraluI Maidah,
vorso 92 in vhich il is monlionod:

... ,`_ _. ` ' ' ` ` __
.Inov lhal onIy a cIoar doIivoranco of lho
mossago is (incumbonl) on Our AoslIo.

In vorso 1SS of SuraluI Araf, il is monlionod:

. . ,. ., `:`' . ' `,., `
` `,`' `. ' `.`,`. .`, ' ` , ,`,- ' .,'
. ' . `_,, `,, `, `, . .,``, __
Say: I do nol conlroI any bonofil or harm for my
ovn souI oxcol as AIIah Ioasos, and had I Inovn
lho unsoon I vouId havo had much of good and no
oviI vouId havo louchod mo, I am nolhing bul a
varnor and lho givor of good novs lo a ooIo vho
boIiovo.

For lhis vorso loo, lhoro aro olhor commonlarios from lho
oIucidalors of lho Qur'an such as: 'I (Muhammad) havo no Iaco of
roloclion for my ovn soIf oxcol for lho doIivoring of lho mossago
of Trulh and lho carrying oul of lho mossago.
2S

Al lhis oinl, vo nood lo asI lho quoslion lhal vhal is lho difforonco
bolvoon '_, or lo convoy and '.._ vhich aIso moans lo convoy a
mossago`


S3
Somo commonlalors havo said lhal '_.., is in roforonco lo lho
convoyanco of lho IsuI ad-Din, or lho Rools of lho RoIigion,
vhoroas lho vord ' ..._ is in roforonco lo lho roagalion of lho
Furu ad-Din, or lho IrinciIos of lho RoIigion.

Olhors boIiovo lhal lho vord ' _., rofors lo lho convoyanco of lho
ruIos of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vhoroas '.._ rofors lo
lho acluaI aIicalion and ulling inlo offocl lhoso ruIos and
roguIalions.

Hovovor, il is our oinion lhal bolh of lhoso viovs rolurn bacI lo
lho firsl moaning and aro acluaIIy omhasis for ono anolhor. This is
basod on various olhor vorsos of lho Qur'an in vhich lhoso vords
havo boon usod in lho samo moaning such as in vorso 62 of SuraluI
Araf vhoro il is slalod:

`,_ .._ `,`,' __
I convoy lo you lho mossagos of my Iord.

This is aIso monlionod in olhor vorsos of lho Qur'an.

In concIusion, al lho ond of lhis vorso (of SuraluI }inn), a varning is
givon lhal vhosoovor disoboys AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and His AoslIo viII havo lho firo of hoII lo abido in forovor.

From lhis vorso il is cIoar lhal nol ovory sinnor, bul ralhor lho
oIylhoisls and lho unboIiovors aro lho onos vho viII bo in lho firo
for olornily.


S5
__
Vorso 24
.,`,`, `,'_ _`-
lhoy aro
lhroalonod
vilh
lhal vhich lhoy aII soo vhon unliI

, ,. ``.' ` .,``,
And in hoIing WoaIor vho (is) lhon shaII
lhoy Inov

'
in numbor fovor
_:> ':' '' ' _.s_ _.L-..s _ -' '.'.. _.' ':.s __
InliI vhon lhoy aII soo lhal vhich lhoy aro lhroalonod vilh, lhon
shaII lhoy Inov vho is voaIor in hoIing and fovor in numbor.

Tho lhomo of lhoso vorsos conlinuos vilh lho monlion of lho
condilion of lho disboIiovors and oIylhoisls vho conlinuo lo annoy
lho MusIims and considor lhom as boing voaI and vuInorabIo. This
alliludo of lhoirs viII conlinuo unliI lho limo vhon vhal lhoy havo
boon romisod (by AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)) comos uon
lhom. Il is al lhal limo lhal lhoy viII roaIizo vho vas lruIy lho
voaIor and vuInorabIo and vho vas lruIy smaIIor in numbor!
29

In lhis vorso, vo musl asI lho quoslion, vhal is lho moaning of lho
hraso '?ML*.< or lhal vhich lhoy had boon romisod doos il rofor
lo lho unishmonl of lhis vorId or lho noxl Iifo or bolh``
S6
Thoro aro various commonlarios on lhis, hovovor lhal vhich is lho
mosl arorialo is lhal ils moaning is gonoraI and vido, bocauso
boing smaII in numbor and voaIor in abiIily and hoI is mosl oflon
roIalod lo lhis vorId and lhus, a grou of Commonlalors havo
roIalod lhis lo lho BallIo of Badr as il vas in lhis ballIo lhal lho
slronglh and ovor of lho MusIims vas voaI.

In various ahadilh, lhis vorso has aIso boon usod as commonlary for
lho limo of lho rolurn of aI-Mahdi (may our souIs bo sacrificod for
him).

Thoroforo, if vo laIo lho moaning of lhis vorso lo bo a vido, aII-
oncomassing ono, lhon il viII aIy lo aII of lhoso oxIanalions.

In addilion, in vorso 75 of Surah Maryam, il is monlionod:

' .,`,`, ,'_ _.- ' ' , . ' .
` ` .,``, . , ``- ``.' , ', __
InliI lhoy soo vhal lhoy voro lhroalonod vilh,
oilhor lho unishmonl or lho hour, lhon lhoy shaII
Inov vho is in moro oviI Iighl and voaIor in
forcos.

In any caso, lho lono of lhis vorso cIoarIy oinls lo lho facl lhal lho
onomios of IsIam - aIlhough ovorfuI and Iargo in numbor vouId
ovonluaIIy bo dofoalod.

Tho HoIy Qur'an givos lho boIiovors hoarl-varming and good
lidings lhal in lho ond, ovon lhough lhoy aro smaII in numbor and
ovor ovorod, lhoy viII bo viclorious and lhoir onomios viII bo lho
onos vho viII bo doslroyod.


S7
A Fov Ioinls

TrulhfuInoss of lho Ioadors Sonl by AIIah

Ono of lho characlorislics of lho Ioadors sonl by AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho), as oosod lo lho Ioadors sonl by Shaitan, is lhal lho
Ioadors sonl by AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) aro novor
rolonlious, nor do nol lhinI lhomsoIvos as groalor lhan olhors,
roud, or concoilod.

Hovovor, vilh lho IiIos of Firavn, vo soo him fooIishIy rocIaim:

' `,`,_ ' _`. __
I am your Iord, lho mosl high!

Wo aIso soo Firavn rocIaim lo lho massos lhal:

, ' `- ` ,`- `_,`.
And lhoso rivors lhal fIov bonoalh mo by my
ormission.

Tho Ioadors sonl by AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) aro humbIo
and modosl and aIvays considor lhomsoIvos as Iov, humbIo
sorvanls of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vho, in lho rosonco
of His ovor, havo no abiIily or command.

In vorso 110 of SuraluI Kahf, vo road lho foIIoving:

` . ' , `, `, `, . _-, `. ...
Say (O Muhammad), voriIy I am onIy a human
boing jusl IiIo you. Il has boon rovoaIod lo mo (by
AIIah).

SS
In anolhor Iaco in lho Qur'an, il is monlionod:

, ' ` _ , , , . , `, ' . ' ` _ . `, _-, `
, ' . `,, ` ` _
And I do nol Inov vhal viII haon lo mo or lo
you and I foIIov nolhing oxcol lhal vhich has
boon rovoaIod (by AIIah) lo mo and I am nol bul a
cIoar varnor lo you.
30

In yol anolhor vorso of lho Qur'an, vo road lho foIIoving:

. ' , `, ` , ` ' , . ' ` `, ' `, . , .
' , ` `: _
Say (O Muhammad!) I do nol say lo you lhal vilh
mo aro lho lroasuros of AIIah nor do I havo
InovIodgo of lho Insoon nor do I say (lo you) lhal
I am an angoI.
31

Evon if somo of lhoso Ioadors of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
roachod lo a IovoI of lomoraI ovor ovor lho croalions, lhoy sliII
did nol chango and ooIo such as Irohol SuIayman (oaco bo
uon him) said:

` `. _ `, _
This is from lho graco of my Iord.
32

Il is inlorosling lo nolo lhal in various vorsos of lho GIorious Qur'an,
lhoro aro somo vory slorn and harsh hrasos lhal aro usod lo
addross lho Irohol of IsIam (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his
famiIy). In such vorsos, AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)

S9
lhroalons and varns him lhal ho loo musl bo vory carofuI of his
rosonsibiIilios.

Tho onliro coIIoclion of lhoso vorsos and lho rovious onos
discussod, vhich aro nol a smaII numbor in lho Qur'an, allosl as a
Iiving roof of lho lrulhfuInoss of lhis nobIo Irohol (bIossings of
AIIah bo uon him and his rogony). If lhis voro nol so, lhon vhal
vouId bo lho uso lhal amongsl lho ooIo vho voro viIIing lo
granl him any ranI or osilion in lho communily, lho Irohol of
IsIam (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) vouId
announco his nobIo ranI lo lho ooIo vhich vas comIoloIy oul of
lho lhoughl and imaginalion of lho ooIo and vhich vas
somolhing comIoloIy unquoslionabIo. This (cIaiming a high slalus
or ranI in lho communily) is somolhing lhal a groal numbor of
Ioadors of Shaitan havo dono in lho asl, as hislory loIIs us.

Wilhoul doubl, lho vorsos lhal aro curronlIy undor discussion aro a
Iiving roof of lho lrulh of lho mossago of lho Irohol of AIIah
(bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony).

A Iargo Numbor of FoIIovors is nol Imorlanl, lho
Failh of lho FoIIovors is Imorlanl!

In various vorsos of lho Qur'an, lhis oinl has conslanlIy boon
broughl u lhal in ovory limo oriod, lho orossors and lyranls
uII Iargo grous of ooIo inlo lhoir foIIoving and Ioad lhoso
ooIo againsl lho Irohols.

In ordor lo ridicuIo and maIo fun of lho comanions of Musa (oaco
bo uon him), Firavn said:

. `, . . `, , ., __
Mosl suroIy, lhis is a smaII grou of ooIo.
33

Tho oIylhoisls of Arabia aro quolod as saying:
90
`- ` ' , ' ` , , . ' `, . , `- ` , ` , __
Wo havo moro voaIlh and moro chiIdron and vo
viII nol bo unishod.
34

Somolimos, ovon ono orson vho has richos bul doos nol havo any
boIiof or failh viII sland u in fronl of a boIiovor and ooIo around
him and addrossing him say:

' ' , ` : , . ' ', , __
I havo groalor voaIlh lhan you and am mighlior in
foIIovors.
35

On lho oosilo sido hovovor, lho boIiovor vho is lrying lo omuIalo
lho Irohols and Ioadors aoinlod by AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) viII novor roIy on having a Iargo grou of ooIo around
him. Thoir lhoughl allorn and Iogic viII bo:

. `, ` , `. , , . ' ___
Hov oflon has a smaII arly of ooIo dofoalod a
Iargo arly of ooIo by lho ormission of AIIah.
36

Amir aI-Mo'minin AIi ibn Abi |aIib (oaco bo uon him) has boon
quolod as saying:

,',' ' ,,~ ,`-`,` . ` ' `' `, .
O ooIo! Do nol bo frighlonod vhiIo on lho alh
of guidanco duo lo lho smaII numbor of ooIo on
il.
37

Tho hislory of lho Iivos of lho Irohols, osociaIIy lho Iifo of lho
Irohol of IsIam (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) aIso
shovs us hov a Iargo grou of ooIo vho had no failh, hovovor

91
ossossod aII forms of ovor and slronglh voro dofoalod, by a
smaII grou of boIiovors.

Tho HoIy Qur'an, narraling lho slory of lho Bani Isra'iI, Firavn,
|aIul, }aIul and lho vorsos in roforonco lo lho BallIos of Badr and
Ahzab aIso disIay lhis facl lo us.

93
Vorso 25
`.,,' _`' .
lhal vhich if il is cIoso Inov I do nol Say (O
Muhammad)

`,_ ` `-, `' .,`,`
my Iord for il viII aoinl or if you aro
lhroalonod
vilh

'

a lorm
_. _' _:' _.' ' _.s. ,' _-> .: _., '.' __

Say (O Muhammad): I do nol Inov vholhor lhal vilh vhich you
aro lhroalonod vilh is cIoso or if my Iord viII aoinl for il (lho
Day of }udgomonl) lho lorm.

Tho Knovor of lho Insoon is AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho)!

Sinco in lho rovious vorsos, lhoro vas a hinl lhal soonor or Ialor lho
unishmonl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) viII ovorcomo
lhoso oviI ooIo, lhis quoslion comos lo mind lhal vhon viII lhis
romiso laIo Iaco`

}usl as lho Commonlalors of lho Qur'an havo monlionod in roIalion
lo lho ovonls surrounding lhis vorso lhal somo of lho oIylhoisls
94
such as NaJhr ibn Harilh, vho aflor lho rovious vorso vas
rovoaIod asIod lhis samo quoslion, lho Qur'an in roIy lo his quorios
ansvorod him lhus: Say: I do nol Inov vholhor lhal vilh vhich
you aro lhroalonod bo nigh or vholhor my Iord viII aoinl for il a
lorm.

This InovIodgo (of lho Timo) is somolhing lhal is socificaIIy
rosorvod lo lho Iuro Essonco of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and is somolhing lhal Ho has Iol hiddon from His sorvanls, in
ordor for AIIahs (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) oxaminalion and lriaI
of lho ooIo lo bo orfoclod.

Why is lhis dono` In simIo lorms, if vo Inov lhal lho limo of lho
Day of }udgomonl vas vory cIoso or in lho dislanl fuluro, lhon lho
losls and lriaIs lhal vo aro ul lhrough vouId havo no vaIuo.

Tho vord in lhis vorso ' .' is in lho moaning of a oriod of limo,
vilh a difforonco lhal according lo Raghib in his diclionary of
Qur'anic lorms, AI-Mufradal, ho monlions lhal ' .._ or a oriod of
limo rofors lo a limo oriod lhal has bolh a boginning and an ond,
hovovor, ' as found in lhis vorso is onIy usod vhon roforring lo lho
ond of a limo oriod.

Il has aIso boon monlionod lhal ' .' and lho vord ' .,' aro lho samo
from lho oinl of viov of lhoir moaning vilh a sIighl difforonco lhal
' .,' is in lho moaning of a limo oriod vhich is nol fixod, vhoroas
'' is for a fixod limo oriod, ovon if il bo an oxlondod or roIongod
limo oriod.

In any caso, in lho vorsos of lho GIorious Qur'an, vo soo lhal ovory
limo lho NobIo Irohol (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his
famiIy) vouId bo asIod aboul vhon lho Day of }udgmonl vouId
laIo Iaco, ho vouId oxross his IacI of InovIodgo and roIy lhal
lhis InovIodgo is onIy vilh AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).


95
Il has boon monlionod in a hadilh lhal ono day, lho AngoI }ibra'iI
(oaco bo uon him) camo lo lho Irohol of IsIam (rayors of AIIah
bo uon him and his famiIy) in lho form of a dosorl Arab, and of
lho many quoslions lhal ho asIod lho Irohol, ono of lhom vas:

' ` `, '
ToII mo, vhon viII lho Day of }udgomonl laIo
Iaco`

Tho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy)
roIiod

' ` , ` , , ' ` , '
Tho orson vhom you aro asIing lhis quoslion lo
(rogarding lhis issuo) is no moro InovIodgoabIo
lhal lho ono vho is asIing lho quoslion!

Onco again, lho dosorl Arab, lhis limo in a Ioud voico asIod

, ` - ` . _ '
O Muhammad! Whon viII lho Day of }udgomonl
bo``

roIiod

, `, - : ' , ' ` ` . ,
Woo uon you! Tho Day of }udgomonl WIII
COME! Go ahoad and loII mo vhal you havo
roarod for lhal day`

96
Tho Arab roIiod, I havo nol road many aIal nor havo I faslod a
Iol, bul I Iovo AIIah and His Mossongor.

roIiod

' ` . _ ` ' `- . ` .
Thus, you viII bo vilh lhoso ooIo vho you
Iovo!

Anas, ono of lho comanions of lho Irohol roIalos lhal

, ' ` ` ` ., , ` . , - `, `, , , ' - .,
Tho MusIims voro nol doIighlod vilh any olhor
sooch, as lhoy voro vilh lhis ono.
3S


97
N7<
`,,`, ' .`, `,
uon rovoaI So lhon (ho)
doos nol
of lho
Insoon!
Tho Knovor

-' `,

lo anyono His Socrols
L.s -:' ..s L_ _Ls .,.s '.>' __

Tho Knovor of lho Insoon! So lhon Ho doos nol rovoaI His socrols
lo anyono.

Conlinuing in lhis discussion, ono gonoraI ruIo is monlionod in
roIalion lo lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon (IIm aI-Ghaib) lhal AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) doos nol rovoaI lho hiddon InovIodgo,
oxcol lo lhoso ooIo vhom Ho vanls lo givo lhis InovIodgo lo.
39

99
N7;
>Q* ' _.`_ .
Mossongors from
amongsl
vhom Ho is
Ioasod vilh
lo him Excol

`,, `,, ` `:`, ``,
boforo him bolvoon from Ho Iacos so lhon
suroIy

._ ` ,
a guard bohind him from and
`' _ _.' _ _. ..'.s L._ _ _., ._._ _ .iL '.. __

Excol lo him vhom Ho is Ioasod vilh from among (His)
Mossongors so lhon suroIy Ho Iacos boforo him and bohind him a
guard.

Thoroaflor, ono oxcolion lo lhis ruIo (of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon)
is oxoundod uon. AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) loIIs us lhal
lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon is Iimilod lo aII oxcol Him and lhoso
vhom Ho is Ioasod vilh from among His Mossongors. Whon
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) inlonds lo granl KnovIodgo of
lho Insoon lo His soIocl sorvanls, lhon Ho sonds rovoIalion (Wahi)
lo lhom.

AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) aIso adds lhal Ho Iacos in fronl
of and bohind such a Mossongor a guardian.

100
Tho originaI moaning of lho vord in lhis vorso '1" is lho rool
moaning vhich is lo roaro lo rolocl somolhing and il aIso
aIios lo lho orson doing lhis aclion and lho lhing ho is
rolocling. This vord is usod in bolh lho singuIar and IuraI form
moaning lhal il can rofor lo a singIo orson rolocling somolhing or
a grou of ooIo rolocling somolhing.

Tho moaning of lhis vord in lhis arlicuIar vorso rofors lo lho
AngoIs lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) commands - aflor
sonding dovn lho rovoIalion - lo rolocl lho Irohol from any
forms of oviI, lo Ioo aII lho oviIs of Shaitan from lho }inn and
humanily avay from him, and lo Ioo aII lyos of oviI vhisorings
avay from lho Irohol of AIIah (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and
his rogony) so lhal lho mossago of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho) can bo convoyod lo lho ooIo vilhoul any roduclion or
incroaso in ils conlonl.

This in ilsoIf is ono of lho roofs of lho infaIIibiIily of lho Irohols,
lhal vilh lho hoI of lhoso hiddon forcos and lho assislanco of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lho valchfuI guidanco of lho
AngoIs, lhoy aro safo from sIis and orrors.

101
N71
/W.# } ,``,' ` .' ,`,
lho mossagos Thoy havo
doIivorod
TruIy lhal So lhal Ho
may Inov

`,,`, , -' , `,,`,_
vilh lhom aII lhal is Ho
oncomassos
and of lhoir Iord

.` _.`-' ,
in numbor lhing ovory Ho rocords And
,L-.: _' ... '-L.,' .L.. ., '>' '., ._.: _.>' _:

,_. ':.s __
So lhal Ho may Inov lhal lhoy havo lruIy doIivorod lho mossagos
of lhoir Iord, and Ho oncomassos vhal is vilh lhom and Ho
rocords lho numbor of ovorylhing.

In lhis finaI vorso of lho Surah, lho ovidonco of a roloclor and
dofondor (of lho Sacrod vord) is oxIainod as ono lhal .may
Inov lhal lhoy havo lruIy doIivorod lho mossagos of lhoir Iord.
40

Hovovor lho moaning of lhis vorso is nol lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) doos nol Inov anylhing aboul his Irohols, and lhon
Ialor comos lo Inov of il sinco lho InovIodgo of AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) is ElornaI moaning lhal His InovIodgo vas
aIvays lhoro, viII aIvays bo lhoro, and is novor onding.
102
Ralhor, lho moaning of lhis vorso is lhal lho InovIodgo of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) laIos shao oxlornaIIy in lho hysicaI
vorId. Thus, lho Irohols aro chargod vilh roagaling His
mossago and loachings, and lhrough lhis, lhoy havo fuIfiIIod lhoir
rosonsibiIily lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

103
Various Ioinls

1. An in-dolh invosligalion rogarding IIm aI-Ghaib

By aying cIoso allonlion lo lho various vorsos of lho Qur'an, il is
cIoar lhal lhoro oxisls lvo grous of vorsos in roIalion lo IIm aI-
Ghaib KnovIodgo of lho Insoon. Tho firsl grou aro lhoso vorsos
vhich Iimil lhis InovIodgo slriclIy lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) and nogalo il for aII olhors such as vorso 59 of SuraluI Anam:

, . ` ` ' ,``, . .`, ,` . __
And vilh Him aro lho Ioys of lho unsoon lroasuro
nono Inovs lhom oxcol Ho.

AIso, vo havo in lho Qur'an, lhal vhich has boon monlionod aboul
lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) in
SuraluI Anam, vorso 50:

. `, ,' . . , . ` ' .`' ., . `,
' .`, _
Say (O Muhammad): I do nol say lo you lhal I
havo vilh mo lho lroasuros of AIIah, nor do I Inov
lho unsoon.

In vorso 1SS of SuraluI Araf, vo road lho foIIoving:

`,`' `. `,, ' .`, `.`,`. ' ,`,- __
Had I Inovn aboul lho unsoon, I vouId havo
gainod much good.

Tho Iasl vorso in lhis discussion is found in Surah Yunus, vorso 20,
vo road:
104
` ' `, `. _
Say (O Muhammad), CorlainIy lho (KnovIodgo of
lho) Insoon is soIoIy rosorvod for AIIah.

Thoro aro many moro vorsos such as lhoso in lho Qur'an, hovovor,
vo viII suffico vilh lhoso.

Tho socond grou of vorsos aro lhoso vhich cIoarIy indicalo lhal lho
Irohols and inlimalo frionds (AvIiyah) of AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) havo a gonoraI InovIodgo of lho Insoon as has boon
monlionod in vorso 179 of Surah Io Imran vhich slalos:

, . ' ` _ `,=`, ' , .`, ` ' `-,
`'_ __
And AIIah doos nol inform you of lho unsoon. Ho
choosos for such informalion anyono of His
Mossongors as Ho dosiros.

AIso, in roIalion lo somo of lho miracIos of Irohol Isa aI-Masih
(oaco bo uon him), il is monlionod lhal:

', . , .,' , ,` . `,,`,`, .,`,`
I (Irohol 'Isa) inform you of vhal you oal and
vhal you sloro in your houso.
41

If vo IooI al lho oxcolion monlionod in lho vorso undor discussion
(vorso 27 of SuraluI }inn), vo soo lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho) has aIIovod a orlion of lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon lo bo
Inovn lo His choson Mossongor (sinco in Arabic, if lhoro is ovor an
oxcolion (in a sonlonco) rocodod by a nogalion, il aIvays rofors lo
an affirmalion):

105
. ' ``, ,``_ _.`_ `, `,, `,, ` `:`,
._
Excol lo him vhom Ho is Ioasod vilh from
among (His) Mossongors so lhon suroIy Ho Iacos
boforo him and bohind him a guard.
42

From anolhor oinl of viov, lho numbor of vorsos of lho Qur'an lhal
givo us informalion aboul hiddon mallors aro nol fov, such as lho
socond lo fourlh vorsos of SuraluI Rum:

. . ' `,', . _`' ' .`, ` ,`, `_.
, `,, . ` . .,` `., . _ ' . `,`.
` . , . `, . `,,, ` . `,, ' ` . .,``,
Tho Romans aro vanquishod. In a noar Iand, and
lhoy, aflor boing vanquishod, shaII ovorcomo
(vilhin a fov yoars) and lhoy viII bo viclorious.
AII mallors of lho asl and fuluro aro in lho hands
of AIIah. Tho boIiovors viII onjoy lho hoI of AIIah
on lhal Day.
43

AIso, in vorso S5 of SuraluI Qasas, AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho) loIIs us:

. ' :`, , ' , .`, _ '
CorlainIy lho Ono vho had mado lho Qur'an
incumbonl uon you viII rolurn you lo your
slarling oinl (MaIIah).

AIso, in vorso 27 of SuraluI Falh, vo road lho foIIoving:

106
`` . ` ' -` ' ,- . . ' `
CorlainIy you shaII onlor inlo lho Masjid aI-Haram,
vilh lho ormission of AIIah, in socurily.

Thoro aro aIso many moro vorsos of lho Qur'an such as lhoso.

In rinciIo, lho hoavonIy rovoIalion (Wahi) lhal is sonl dovn lo lho
Irohols is aIso a form of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon vhich is Iacod
al lhoir disosaI - lhus, hov can vo cIaim lhal lhoso orsonaIilios do
nol havo accoss lo lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon vhon vo Inov
lhal rovoIalion has como dovn lo lhom`

Bosidos aII of lhoso roofs, vo havo numorous ahadilh lhal shov
lhal Irohol Muhammad (rayors of AIIah bo uon him and his
famiIy) and lho InfaIIibIo A'immah (oaco bo uon aII of lhom) had
accoss lo lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon.

Somolimos, lhoy voro givon lho InovIodgo of vhal vouId haon
in lho fuluro such as lho viclory of MaIIah, and lho ovonl
surrounding Hatib ibn Abi BaIlaah, vho vrolo a Iollor lo lho ooIo
of MaIIah vhich ho gavo lo a voman namod Sarah and sho vas lo
convoy lho Iollor lo lho oIylhoisls of MaIIah. Sho vas cIoso lo
boing allacIod by lho MusIim army vhon sho hid lho Iollor undor
hor Iong hair and conlinuod on lovards MaIIah.

Tho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony)
ordorod AIi (oaco bo uon him) and a comany of lroos lo go
aflor hor. Tho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his
rogony) aIso informod lho grou of MusIims lhal vhon lhoy roach
lo an aroa Inovn as Ravdha aI-KhaI lhoy viII mool lhis voman,
vho has a Iollor from Hatib in hor ossossion vhich is suosod lo
bo givon lo lho oIylhoisls of MaIIah. Tho Irohol (bIossings of
AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) aIso commandod lhom lo laIo
lho Iollor from hor. Whon lho MusIim army found hor, sho iniliaIIy
107
doniod having such a Iollor, hovovor aflor rooalod roquosls lo hor,
sho finaIIy handod ovor lho vriling lo AIi (oaco bo uon him) and
lho grou of MusIims.
44

Thoro aro aIso ovonls such as lho rodiclion of lho BallIo of Mulah,
and lho marlyrdom of }afar ibn Abi |aIib (oaco bo uon him) and
olhor soIdiors and varriors in lho MusIim army, vhich lho Irohol
(bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) loId his foIIovors
vhiIo lhoy voro sliII in Madinah.
45

Such oxamIos in lho Iifo of lho HoIy Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo
uon him and his rogony) aro nol smaII in numbor.

In Nahj aI-BaIagha, lhoro aro many forocasls lo lho ovonls lhal
vouId laIo Iaco in lho fuluro, vhich shov lhal Imam AIi ibn Abi
|aIib (oaco bo uon him) aIso had accoss lo lhis hiddon
InovIodgo. Ono such oxamIo of lhis can bo soon in lho 13
lh

Khulbah in vhich lho ooIo of Basrah voro dogradod, in vhich
Imam AIi ibn Abi |aIib (oaco bo uon him) said:

`,`' `' ` , `,`-`,`- -` .., ' . `
,`, ' . `. ,. , ,`- ` , ,`, ` .
`. , .
So lhon il is as lhough I soo ils Masjid IiIo lho
uor arl of a boal or a silling oslrich vhich AIIah
had sonl dovn unishmonl lo from abovo and
boIov and drovnod aII lhal voro vilhin hor
roloclion.

In olhor ahadilh vhich havo boon narralod in bolh lho booIs of lho
AhI as-Sunnah and Shia, lhoro aro many olhor forocasls from Imam
AIi (oaco bo uon him) concorning ovonls lhal vouId haon in
10S
lho fuluro, such as ono vhoro ho loId Hajr ibn Qais lhal aflor his
doalh, Hajr vouId bo forcod lo curso AIi (oaco bo uon him).
46

Anolhor oxamIo concorns Marvan in vhich il vas monlionod lhal
ho vouId hoId lho fIag of corrulion and dosolism in his oId ago.
47

Amir aI-Mo'minin AIi ibn Abi |aIib (oaco bo uon him) loId
KumaiI bin Ziyad (may AIIah bo Ioasod vilh him) lhal lho lyranl
Hajjaj ibn Yusuf vouId bo his IiIIor.
4S

In rogards lo lho Khavarij of Nahravan, Imam AIi (oaco bo uon
him) monlionod lhal in lhis ballIo, ooIo vouId nol dio from his
sido and from lho oosilo sido, nol ovon lon ooIo viII bo savod,
and jusl hov ho rodiclod, il camo lruo.
49

Concorning lho buriaI Iaco of Imam Husayn (oaco bo uon him),
vhon Imam AIi (oaco bo uon him) vas assing by lho Iand of
KarbaIa, ho soIo corlain vords in rogards lo lhis lo his comanion,
Asbagh ibn Nabalah.
50

In lho booI, FadhaiI aI-Khamsah, lhoro aro counlIoss ahadilh from
lho AhI as-Sunnah in rogards lo lho vasl InovIodgo of Imam AIi
(oaco bo uon him) of vhich, lo narralo lhom aII horo is nol
ossibIo for us.
51

As voII, in lho ahadilh from lho AhI aI-Bail (oaco bo uon him),
lhoro aro many lradilions vhich oinl lo lho facl lhal lho sinIoss
A'immah had KnovIodgo of lho Insoon. For lhoso vho vouId IiIo
lo road moro aboul lhis, ono can rofor lo aI-Kafi, VoIumo 1, in lho
various soclions vhich monlion lhoso ahadilh.

AIso, lho Ialo AIIamah MajIisi in his vorI, Bihar aI-Anvar in
voIumo 27, has narralod quilo a Iargo numbor of ahadilh, vhich fiII
somo 22 chalors on lhis loic.
109
Thoso ahadilh vhich soaI aboul lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo
uon him and his rogony) and lho A'immah having KnovIodgo of
lho Insoon havo acluaIIy roachod lo lho IovoI of lavalur (moaning
lhal lhoso ahadilh havo boon so consoculivoIy narralod lhal il is nol
ossibIo lo dony lho loxl) in lorms of IIm aI-Hadilh.

Nov lho quoslion romains lhal: Hov can ono oxIain somo of lho
vorsos of lho HoIy Qur'an and lho ahadilh vhich dony lhal anyono
olhor lhan AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has KnovIodgo of lho
Insoon, vhiIo olhor vorsos slalo somo can havo lhis InovIodgo`

Difforonl ansvors aro givon lo lhis quoslion incIuding lho
foIIoving:

1. Tho mosl ouIar ansvor vhich hoIs us roconciIo lhoso lvo
confIicling viovs is lhal lho moaning lhal KnovIodgo of lho
Insoon is confinod lo AIIah is lhal il is His Ovn and IorsonaI
InovIodgo. Thoroforo, no olhor orson has lho abiIily lo Inov lhis
InovIodgo oxcol vilh His ormission and vhalovor InovIodgo
olhors havo is from Him and lhrough His Graco uon lhom.

Tho roof of lhis is lho vorso lhal is undor discussion vhich slalos:

`, ' .`, -' `, _ `,,`, . . ' _..`_
``, ,``_ `,, `:`, ._ `, `,,
Tho Knovor of lho Insoon! So lhon Ho doos nol
rovoaI His socrols lo anyono. Excol lo him vhom
Ho is Ioasod vilh from among His Mossongors so
lhon suroIy Ho Iacos boforo him and bohind him a
guard.

In Nahj aI-BaIagha, lhis samo oinl has boon monlionod vhon AIi
(oaco bo uon him) informod olhors of ovonls lhal vouId haon
in lho fuluro (for oxamIo, lho invasion of lho MoguIs inlo lho
110
IsIamic Emiro). Ono of his comanions said, 'O Amir aI-
Mo'minin! Do you cIaim lo havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon` Tho
Imam Iaughod and roIiod:

` `, . ` , .`, ,, , . ,` . , ` ,
This is nol KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, ralhor, lhis
is lhal InovIodgo vhich vas laughl lo mo by lho
ossossor of InovIodgo (lho Irohol).
52

This oxIanalion is ono lhal a groal numbor of schoIars and
rosoarchors havo agrood uon.

2. Tho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon aro of lvo lyos lho firsl is lhal
vhich is socificaIIy Iimilod lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and no ono oxcol for Him Inovs il, such as vhon lho Day of
}udgomonl viII laIo Iaco and olhor such issuos. Tho socond lyo is
lhal InovIodgo vhich Ho loachos lo His Irohols (oaco bo uon
lhom) and inlimalo frionds. Again, in Nahj aI-BaIagha, undor lho
samo sooch (as quolod abovo), vo road lho foIIoving:

`, ` , ' .`, `, ' ` , ' `-`.` `
`,, . ' `, `` ' ,.`, , ' , ..`,
`,`, ' _` , -`_. ` , .
, _` .,` `_' `' .
VoriIy InovIodgo of lho Insoon is lho InovIodgo
of lho Day of }udgmonl and vhal AIIah has
monlionod in His Saying: VoriIy, AIIah is Ho vilh
Whom is lho InovIodgo of lho Hour and Ho sonds
dovn lho rain, and Ho Inovs vhal is in lho vomb,
and no souI Inovs vhal ho shaII oarn lomorrov,

111
nor doos any souI Inov in vhal Iand ho shaII dio
in.
53

Thon lo furlhor oxIain lhis, lho Imam (oaco bo uon him) addod

`,`, ' `-`` ` ' _`' `,' , ` -`_. ,. ,
.,., ` , , `,' , ,-, `,' - , ,- `,'
' `,' =- _ ' `, , ,` `,` .- ' .`,
' ```, . `-' . ' : , , ` `, ` `
``, , . _ ' ` `, , , , , .'., , ,
. `,, ,- `, `,=`. , _` - .
Thoroforo, AIIah aIono has InovIodgo in roforonco
lo lhal vhich is in lho vomb of lho molhor
vholhor il is a boy or a girI, vholhor il is boaulifuI
or ugIy, vholhor il viII bo gonorous or misorIy,
vholhor il viII bo succossfuI or misforlunalo,
vholhor lhal (vhich is in lho vomb) vouId bo lho
fuoI for lho hoII firo or roIaxing in lho gardons in lho
comany of lho Irohols. This is lho KnovIodgo of
lho Insoon vhich no ono Inovs olhor lhan AIIah.
Olhor lhan lhis, lhoro is InovIodgo vhich AIIah
laughl His Mossongor (bIossings of AIIah bo uon
him and his rogony) vhich ho has laughl mo and
ho (lho Irohol) aIso rayod for mo lhal my bosom
may rolain il and my ribs my hoId il.
54

Il is ossibIo lhal somo ooIo aro givon gonoraI InovIodgo in
roIalion lo lho slalo or sox of lho folus, or lho faIIing of lho rain, or
olhor lhings IiIo lhis, hovovor, comIolo and comrohonsivo
112
InovIodgo and lho abiIily lo inform olhors of lhoso arlicuIar
characlorislics is onIy rosorvod lo lho uro Essonco of AIIah.

This can bo soon in lho InovIodgo of Qiyamah lhal vo loo havo a
gonoraI InovIodgo of lhis day, hovovor vo aro nol givon
informalion of lho arlicuIar characlorislics and aII of lho
ocuIiarilios of il.

Thoroforo, if in lho ahadilh vo soo lhal lho Irohol (bIossings of
AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) or lho A'immah (oaco bo uon
lhom) gavo olhors InovIodgo of a baby lhal vouId bo born, or
vhon lho ond of lho Iifo of a orson vouId como, lhon vo musl say
lhal lhis InovIodgo is roIalod lo lhal gonoraI InovIodgo lhal lhoy
voro granlod by AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

3. Anolhor vay lo combino lho inlorrolalion of lhoso lvo lhoorios
by using lho vorsos of lho Qur'an and ahadilh is lo slalo lhal lho
socrols of lho unsoon aro rocordod in lvo soaralo aroas: lho ,- _,
(IavhuI Mahfuz) or lho Guardod TabIol (lhis is lho sociaI, guardod
InovIodgo onIy avaiIabIo lo AIIah) in vhich no changos or
varialions can laIo Iaco and of vhich nol a singIo souI has
informalion of, and lho socond aroa is lho .. , ,- _, (Iavh Mahv
va Ilhbal) or lho TabIol of Chango and Confirmalion. Tho
InovIodgo conlainod on lhis labIol is changoabIo and aIlorabIo
doonding on corlain condilions. Il is lho InovIodgo conlainod
horo, vhich is aIso KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, lhal is nol Iimilod lo
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) aIono, and lhus, olhors can havo
accoss lo lhis InovIodgo.

Il is bocauso of lhoso lvo difforonl aroas vhoro InovIodgo is slorod
lhal vo havo lho foIIoving narralion from Imam }afar as-adiq
(oaco bo uon him):


113
. , `, ` ` ` . , ,` .``' , `. `
`' ```_ ,`' , `` ` ``_ , ` ``` ``- ` .
Ono lyo of InovIodgo is lhal vhich onIy AIIah
has and no ono oIso Inovs. Anolhor lyo of
InovIodgo is lho lyo vhich Ho has informod
AngoIs, Irohols and

AoslIos, and vo (lho AhI aI-
Bail) aIso Inov il.
55

Tho foIIoving has boon narralod from Imam AIi ibn aI-Husain
(oaco bo uon him):

. `, , . . ' - . , `,`` . . , .
, _. .,, . `, ' , ` `. ' , `, `,.
' `, .. ,`- ' , ` .. `, , . '' `.` , `.
' .
If ono vorso had nol boon in lho HoIy Qur'an, I aIso
vouId havo informod you of lho asl haonings
and vhal viII haon unliI lho Day of }udgomonl.
Tho Narralor says lhal ho asIod lho Imam: Which
vorso is lhal` Tho Imam roIiod: AIIah says:
'AIIah maIos lo ass avay and oslabIishos vhal Ho
Ioasos, and vilh Him is lho basis of lho BooI.
56

In lhis argumonl, lho InovIodgo has boon dividod inlo dofinilo and
indofinilo. In lho rocoding argumonl il vas arl or fuII (hov much
of lho InovIodgo). (Iondor ovor il).

4. Anolhor vay lo oxIain lho difforonco is lhal in raclico, AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has comIolo InovIodgo ovor aII lhal
vhich is hiddon (lo olhors) and il is ossibIo lhal lho Irohols and
inlimalo frionds of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), in raclico or
114
on lhoir ovn, do nol havo accoss lo lhis InovIodgo. Hovovor,
vhon lhoy inlond or vish lo Inov such lhings, lhon AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) loachos il lo lhom. Of courso lhis
inlonlion or vish is onIy vilh lho ormission and Ioasuro of AIIah

Thoroforo, lo summarizo lho vorsos of lho Qur'an and ahadilh lhal
loII us lhal lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his
rogony), A'immah (oaco bo uon lhom) and olhors do nol havo
KnovIodgo of lho Insoon moans lhal al lhal oxacl limo, lhoy do nol
ossoss lho InovIodgo, and lhoso vorsos or ahadilh vhich say lhal
lhoy do ossoss KnovIodgo of lho Insoon moan lhal lhoy havo lho
abiIily lo gain such InovIodgo (from AIIah, (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho)).

This can bo comarod lo a orson vho is givon a Iollor from
somoono and is roquoslod lo ass lho Iollor lo a lhird orson. In lhis
oxamIo vo can say lhal lho orson vho vas givon lho Iollor doos
nol Inov vhal il conlains. Hovovor al lho samo limo, ho is abIo lo
oon lho Iollor and road il conlonls (as Iong as lho orson vho gavo
him lho Iollor gavo him lho ormission lo do so). In lhis ovonl, ho
vouId havo InovIodgo of vhal is conlainod in lho Iollor. If ho doos
nol givo him ormission, lhon ho vouId romain unavaro of ils
conlonls.

Tho bosl oxamIo of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, aflor combining aII
lho moanings of lho ahadilh lhal havo boon monlionod can bo found
in AI-Kafi in lho soclion lilIod, 'SuroIy lho A'immah, vhon lhoy
vanl lo Inov somolhing, lhoy aro laughl il!

Thoro is a hadilh from Imam }afar as-adiq (oaco bo uon him) in
vhich ho slalod:

``' `, ,`, .' ` _' ' :, ` .
115
Whon lho Imam inlonds lo Inov somolhing, AIIah
loachos lhal lhing lo him.
57

This inlorrolalion cIoars u a Iol of lho difficuIlios and
misundorslandings in roIalion lo lho InovIodgo of lho Irohol
(bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) and lho A'immah
(oaco bo uon lhom aII) such as: hov is il ossibIo for lhom lo
drinI valor or oal food lhal is Iacod vilh oison vhoroas vo Inov
lhal il is nol ormillod for a orson lo do an acl lhal viII Ioad lo
dangor of Iosing his Iifo. Thus, vo musl say lhal in such oxamIos,
lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) or lho
A'immah (oaco bo uon lhom aII) havo nol boon givon lho
ormission by AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lo maIo uso of
lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon lhal is lhoro and usuaIIy avaiIabIo lo
lhom.

AIso, somolimos lho bollormonl roquiros lhal lho Irohol (bIossings
of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) and A'immah (oaco bo uon
lhom aII) aro nol mado avaro of a corlain lhing or lhal lhoy aro nol
loId of il, so lhal lho ovonl can ass as a losl for lhom vhich vouId
rosuIl in lhoir comIolonoss as a human boing. For oxamIo, il has
boon monlionod in lho ovonl rocordod in hislory Inovn as IaiIaluI
Mabil in vhich AIi (oaco bo uon him) sIol on lho bod of lho
Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy), in vhich il
has boon narralod from AIi (oaco bo uon lhom aII) lhal ho himsoIf
said lhal ho did nol Inov vholhor lho oIylhoisls of lho Quraish
vouId allacI him on lhal nighl and ho vouId bocomo a marlyr in
lho vay of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) or if his Iifo vouId bo
sarod`

In lhis inslanco, lho bollormonl roquiros lhal lho Imam (oaco bo
uon him) is nol mado avaro of lho oulcomo of his aclions so lhal
lho Divino losl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) can laIo form.
Thus, if lho Imam (oaco bo uon him) Inov lhal ho vas going lo
bo sIooing on lho bod of lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon
116
him and his famiIy) and lhon lho noxl morning, ho vouId vaIo u
safo and sound, lhon lhis vouId nol bo an acl of honour or gIory for
lho Imam (oaco bo uon him), and lhal vhich is monlionod in lho
vorsos of lho Qur'an and lho ahadilh in roIalion lo lho imorlanco of
lhis acl of soIf-sacrifico vouId nol havo had any moaning.

Of courso, lho issuo of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon boing accossibIo if
lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) or
A'immah (oaco bo uon lhom aII) vish cIoars u lhis and olhor
lyos of confusions.

5. Anolhor vay lo roconciIo lhoso difforing viovs lhal aro found in
lho ahadilh in roIalion lo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon (hovovor,
Ioaso nolo lhal lhis vay of roconciIialion is in roIalion lo somo of
lho narralions as voII and lhal lho ooIo vho voro boing soIon
lo in lhoso various ahadilh voro difforonl ooIo) is lhal somo of lho
comanions of lho Irohol and A'immah had lho abiIily lo
undorsland and accol lho issuo of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon in
roIalion lo lho A'immah (oaco bo uon lhom aII) such lhal il couId
bo loId lo lhoso comanions in ils onliroly. Hovovor in roIalion lo
various olhor comanions, lhoy voro oilhor lo voaI (of failh) or
unabIo lo undorsland and accol such concols.

For oxamIo, vo road a hadilh lhal onco Abu Basir and a Iargo
grou of comanions voro in lho houso of Imam }afar as-adiq
(oaco bo uon him) vhon aII of a suddon lho Imam onlorod lho
room usol, sal dovn and said lho foIIoving:

`,` ' .,```,, ,' - , ' .`, `,`, ' .`, .
' .`,,, ,_- .`,., .` ` -, `, `
` ` `. ' ` `, `, ., ' _ .
117
Il is surrising lhal somo ooIo lhinI lhal vo
havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon (IIm aI-Ghaib). No
ono aarl from AIIah has lhis InovIodgo. I vanlod
lo rorimand my fomaIo-sIavo hovovor sho has
disaoarod from my rosonco and I do nol Inov
vhich room of my houso sho is in.
5S

Tho narralor of lho hadilh lhon said, Whon lho Imam slood u and
Iofl lho assombIy, mo and a grou of lho comanions gol u and
vonl inlo lho houso of lho Imam and said lo him, 'May vo bo
sacrificod for you in! In rogards lo vhal you said roIaling lo ono of
your fomaIo sorvanls lhal you do nol havo lho KnovIodgo of lho
Insoon, hovovor vo Inov lhal you havo various lyos of
InovIodgo, lhus, vhy did you say vhal you did concorning your
fomaIo sIavo`

Tho Imam (oaco bo uon him) lhon oIaboralod on his slalomonl
vhich conlainod an oxIanalion aboul KnovIodgo of lho Insoon.

Il vas cIoar lhal in lho galhoring, lhoro voro ooIo vho did nol
havo lho abiIily or aliludo nocossary lo undorsland and
comrohond lho moaning, nor did lhoy havo a doo cognizanco of
lho Imam (and lhis is vhy ho said vhal ho did).

Il musl bo oinlod oul lhal lhoso fivo oinls monlionod do nol
ooso or conlradicl ono anolhor and aII of lhoso oinls can bo
laIon as lrulhfuI. (Iondor on lhis)

2. Anolhor Way lo Irovo lhal lho Irohols
and A'immah havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon

Al lhis oinl, vo rosonl lvo olhor roofs lhal confirm lho lrulh
lhal lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony)
and lho SinIoss A'immah (oaco bo uon lhom aII) havo a gonoraI
KnovIodgo of lho Insoon.
11S
Firsl: Tho jurisdiclion of lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon
him and his rogony) and lho A'immah (oaco bo uon lhom aII)
vas univorsaI and for aII limo, lhus il vas nol Iimilod. Ralhor, lho
AoslIoshi of lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his
rogony) and lho Ioadorshi of lho A'immah (oaco bo uon lhom
aII) vas vorId-vido and olornaI. Thus, hov is il ossibIo lhal
somoono can bo givon such a vido jurisdiclion and aulhorily, bul
yol al lho samo limo aro onIy givon InovIodgo of lhal arlicuIar
limo and Iaco in vhich lhoy aro Iiving in`

Is il ossibIo for a orson vho is for oxamIo, givon lho
rosonsibiIily of boing a govornor or adminislralor of a Iargo
counlry lo nol bo avaro of lhal aroa and al lho samo limo bo abIo lo
fuIfiII his roIo of aulhorily or conlroI ovor lhal aroa`

In olhor vords, lho Irohol (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his
rogony) and A'immah (oaco bo uon lhom aII) had lo givo
guidanco, inslruclions and Iay dovn Iavs vhich vouId hoI ooIo
vho vouId como in lho fuluro and in aII Iands and nol onIy bo
Iimilod lo lhoso vho voro lhoir conlomorarios. This is nol ossibIo
oxcol by ossossing al Ioasl a smaII orlion of lho KnovIodgo of
lho Insoon.

SocondIy: Thoro aro lhroo vorsos of lho HoIy Qur'an vhich if vo
Iaco lhom noxl lo ono anolhor, vouId fuIIy oxIain lho KnovIodgo
of lho Insoon lhal had boon granlod lo lho Irohol (bIossings of
AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) and A'immah (oaco bo uon
lhom aII).

1. Tho firsl is aboul a orson namod sif bin BarIhiya, vho in lho
lvinIIing of an oyo, broughl lho lhrono of BiIqis lo lho courl of
Irohol SuIayman (oaco bo uon him):

119
. ' ` 9,:0M ` ' . .' ` , :, ' .
`. ` ,`` `_ :`,~ :`, ``,,
`,_
Ono vho had somo InovIodgo of lho booI said: I
viII bring il lo you in lho lvinIIing of an oyo. Thon
vhon ho sav il sollIod bosido him, ho said: This is
by lho graco of my Iord.
59

2. Tho socond vorso slalos:

`, ` `, `,`,,, `,, ,, , _
' .
Say: AIIah is sufficionl as a Wilnoss bolvoon mo
and you and vhoovor has InovIodgo of lho
booI.
60

In many narralions bolh in lho booIs of lho AhI as-Sunnah and
Shia, il is slalod lhal vhon lho Irohol (oaco bo uon him and his
famiIy) vas asIod by Abu Said Khudri aboul Ono vho had somo
InovIodgo of lho booI (min aI-Kilab)`"
61
lho Irohol (bIossings of
AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) roIiod lhal il vas lho
succossor of his brolhor SuIayman bin Davud. Thon ho asIod lho
Irohol lhal vho vas lho ono vho has (comIolo) InovIodgo of
lho BooI`
62
Ho roIiod: Il is my brolhor AIi ibn Abi |aIib.
63

Iaying allonlion lo lho firsl vorso lhal slalos, '.somo InovIodgo of
lho booI (vhich has boon roIalod lo bo in roforonco lo sif ibn
BarIhiya) is a fraclion or a sharo of lho InovIodgo, vhoroas in lho
socond vorso, 'InovIodgo of lho booI (vhich has boon roIalod lo bo
in roforonco lo AIi ibn Abi |aIib (oaco bo uon him)) is comIolo
InovIodgo. Thoroforo, lho difforonco bolvoon lho slalion of
120
InovIodgo lhal vas granlod lo sif and lhal vhich vas granlod lo
AIi (oaco bo uon him) is mado cIoar.

3. Tho lhird vorso undor discussion is:

:`, `,, ' .` ,` .
.and Wo havo rovoaIod lho BooI lo you cIoarIy
oxIaining ovorylhing.
64

Il is cIoar lhal ono vho Inovs lho socrols of lhis BooI, musl aIso
havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, and lhis is in ilsoIf cIoar roof lhal
il is ossibIo for mon from among lho inlimalo frionds of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lo havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, by
lho ormission of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).
65

3. An In-Dolh Sludy Rogarding lho Croalion of lho }inn

Tho }inn, jusl as lho IiloraI moaning of lho vord donolos, aro
croalions vhich aro unsoon as having many characlorislics. Il has
boon monlionod in lho Qur'an lhal:

1) Thoy aro boings lhal havo boon croalod from firo, as oosod lo
man vho has boon croalod and fashionod from dirl:

' ` .` _- .. , ' .-
_ ` _
Ho croalod man from dry cIay IiIo Earlhon vossoIs,
and Ho croalod lho }inn from firo froo of smoIo.
66

2) Tho }inn aro croaluros lhal havo InovIodgo and undorslanding
and aro abIo lo discorn bolvoon lrulh and faIsohood. Thoy aIso
havo lho ovor of Iogic and doduclion. (Soo various yal of SuraluI
}inn, as havo aIroady boon monlionod)
121
3) Tho }inn loo havo a rosonsibiIily lovards lhoir Croalor. (Various
yal of SuraluI }inn and SuraluI Rahman)

4) A grou of lhom aro righloous boIiovors, and a grou of lhom aro
non-boIiovors:

', ' .,` , .,`-. ,~ :
As for us, corlainIy somo of us aro righloous and
olhors aro nol. Wo havo aII foIIovod difforonl
alhs.
67

5) Thoy loo havo a day vhon lhoy viII bo broughl logolhor and viII
havo lo accounl for lhoir doods:

', ' .,= =- ,`,- ,`
Hovovor, lho dovialors from lho Trulh viII bo lho
fuoI for hoII.
6S

6) Thoy usod lo havo lho abiIily lo go lo lho hoavons and ovon
rocoivod InovIodgo from lhoro and usod lo sloaI informalion, bul
lhis vas Ialor on vas forbiddon for lhom:

', ,` `` ` _`` , _` ' . `-, .
, ` , .`_
Wo usod lo sil noar by and lry lo Iislon lo lho
hoavons, bul shooling fIamos nov avail lhoso vho
lry lo do lhal.
69

7) Somo of lhom aro abIo lo mool and communicalo vilh human
boings, and aro abIo lo incroaso lhoir Iimilod InovIodgo and
informalion, roIaling lo somo of lho socrols of lho vorId:

122
-_ . ``', ` ' ` -,, .,,`, ' `.-
, _ `,`,`
Corlain human boings soughl rofugo vilh corlain
}inn and lhis incroasod lho roboIIiousnoss of lhoso
}inn.
70

S) From among lhom, vo find somo lhal havo groal ovors and
slronglh, jusl as vo find among humans boings as voII:

`.,, ` ' ' `- `. ,. .' ` , :,
` `, `, : `' ,
A monslrous }inn said, I can bring il (lho Throno
of BiIqis) boforo you ovon sland u. VoriIy I am
ovorfuI and lruslvorlhy.
71

9) Somo of lhom havo lho abiIily lo orform lasIs on bohaIf of
human boings, as has boon monlionod in lho Qur'an:

, ' `,_ .,, `,, `,, `, `- ... ` .,`,
., .,- .-, ,, .,_-` ...
.and of lho }inn lhoro voro lhoso vho vorIod
boforo him (SuIayman) by lho command of his Iord
. lhoy mado for him vhal ho Ioasod of forlrossos
and imagos, and bovIs (Iargo) as valoring-lroughs
and cooIing-ols.
72

10) Thoir croalion and Iacing on lho Earlh, looI Iaco boforo lho
croalion of manIind:

, ' ` ` .- _ ' ,``

123
.and Wo croalod lho }inn boforo (lho human
boing) of smoIoIoss firo.
73

In addilion lo lhis, from lho vorsos of lho Qur'an, vo can cIoarIy soo
lhal conlrary lo lhal vhich is in lho minds of lho common ooIo
(vho fooI lhal lhoy aro bollor lhan lho }inn), lhoro aro lruIy somo
ooIo vho aro bollor lhan lhom and our roof is lhal aII of lho
Irohols of AIIah aro human boings lhal voro choson (for lho roIo
of Iroholhood) and il vas lho }inn vho voro commandod lo
boIiovo in lho Irohol of IsIam (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and
his rogony) vho vas a human boing and voro commandod lo
foIIovod him.

Abovo aII, Shaitan vho, according lo lho Qur'an vas of lho }inn (soo
vorso 50 of SuraluI Kahf), vas commandod lo orform Sajdah lo
Irohol dam (oaco bo uon him) and lhis shovs lho groalnoss
and ominonco of manIind ovor lho }inn.

I unliI lhis oinl, our discussion vas conlorod on lho facls lhal
voro monlionod in lho HoIy Qur'an, vhich is froo from aII sorls of
corrulion, in roIalion lo lhis unsoon croalion. Hovovor, as vo
Inov, lho common ooIo and lhoso vho aro irralionaI havo
conjoclurod u various aduIloralod idoas in roIalion lo lhis croalion
of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vhich bolh lho inloIIigonco
and Iogic can nol accol.

Duo lo lhis, a corrul and unroaIislic viov of lhis croalion has boon
mado such lhal vhonovor lho vord }inn is monlionod, a vhoIo
grou of corrul lhoughls and boIiofs o u in lho mind of lho
ooIo. Somo lhings lhal ooIo monlion aro lhal lho }inn havo lho
abiIily of molamorhosis, lhus, lhoy laIo lho shao and form of
various slrango, viId and scary croaluros. Thoy aro aIso lhoughl lo
bo croalions fuII of angor and rago and lhal if lhoy voro lo lhrov a
bovI of hol valor inlo an omly aroa of a houso lhon lho vhoIo
houso vouId calch on firo, and olhor boIiofs such as lhoso.
124
Hovovor, if lho issuo of lho }inn vas lo bo sludiod vilhoul aII of
lhoso slrango and vrong misconcolions, lhon lho rimary loic al
hand vouId bo comIoloIy undorslood and accolod, sinco vo havo
no roof lhal Iiving croaluros lhal oxisl aro Iimilod lo onIy lhoso lhal
can bo soon by lho naIod oyo. Ralhor, lho schoIars of RoIigion, and
lho Scionlisls and Rosoarchors of lho naluraI scioncos havo said lhal
any croaluro lhal manIind is abIo lo discorn by using his sonsos,
cannol bo comarod lo lhoso croaluros lhal cannol bo orcoivod by
lho fivo naluraI sonsos.

InliI roconlIy vhon unsoon croalions lho sizo of aloms had nol boon
discovorod, nobody vouId havo boIiovod lhal in ono dro of valor
or ono dro of bIood, lhoro oxisls lhousands and lhousands of
Iiving organisms vhich vo as humans did nol havo lho ovor lo
soo.

AIso, lho scionlisls havo monlionod lhal our ovn oyos aro Iimilod in
vhal coIours il can soo, aIso, our oars aro Iimilod lo lho soclrum
and froquoncios of sounds vhich il can hoar. Tho coIours vhich vo
cannol soo and lho sounds vhich vo cannol hoar aro much moro in
numbor lhan vo aro abIo lo soo or hoar!

Whon vo soo lhal lho slalo of lho vorId and our surroundings aro
such, lhon il is no Iaco of amazomonl lhal lhoro can bo various
lyos of Iiving croaluros in lhis univorso vhich vo aro nol abIo lo
orcoivo. Thus, vhon lho lruo Iighl - lho Irohol of IsIam (bIossings
of AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) - informs us aboul such
croalions, vhy is il nol ossibIo for us lo accol lhom`

In any caso, on ono hand, vo havo lho Qur'an - lho lruo soIon
vord - vhich has informod us of lho }inn aIong vilh lhoir sociaI
characlorislics as monlionod abovo, and on anolhor sido, vo havo
no IogicaI roof lhal can bo broughl forlh lo dony lhoir oxislonco.
Thus, vo musl accol lhoir oxislonco and slay avay from aII vrong
and corrul idoas. Wo musl aIso Ioo avay from aII conlaminalod

125
idoas lhal aro in lho minds of lho common ooIo vhiIo discussing
lho }inn.

Il is aIso imorlanl lo monlion lhis finaI oinl lhal lho vord }inn
somolimos carrios a much vidor moaning vhich incIudos various
unsoon croalions bolh lhoso lhal ossoss inloIIocl and lhoso vho
do nol. Somolimos, ovon somo animaIs lhal can bo soon by lho
naIod oyo, bul aro hiddon insido lhoir nosl or don aro aIso incIudod
in lhis vidor moaning of }inn.

An oxamIo of lhis can bo soon in lho narralions from lho Irohol of
IsIam (bIossings of AIIah uon him and his famiIy) in vhich ho said:

' ` ' ` `- `.' `.`. ,, ' .,.,
, `.`. ,- `. , `.`. _ `. , `.`. .,- ' `_.
, `.`. `,,`, ' , .- ' . .
AIIah has croalod lho }inn in fivo difforonl lyos:
Ono grou is IiIo lho vind (unsoon), anolhor grou
is in lho form of a snaIo, a lhird grou is in lho
form of a scorion, lho noxl grou is lhoso viId
animaIs of lho Iand, and lho Iasl grou is jusl IiIo
humans vhich havo accounlabiIily for lhoir good
and bad doods.
74

By aying cIoso allonlion lo lhis hadilh and ils vido dofinilion (of
lho }inn), vory many difficuIlios and robIoms vhich aro monlionod
in various olhor ahadilh and slorios in roIalion lo lho }inn aro
soIvod.

For oxamIo, in somo of lho ahadilh from Amir aI-Mo'minin AIi ibn
Abi |aIib (oaco bo uon him), vo road lho foIIoving:

126
`.,` . ' ` ... ' .,. ,`, ` . , ..
' ``, .=`,` _. ' , ,`,` ' .
Do nol drinI valor from a broIon or dofoclivo
gIass, sinco voriIy Shaitan sils in lho dofoclivo and
broIon (gIassos).
75

Kooing in mind lhal Shaitan is from lho }inn and lhal a broIon dish
and lho aroa vhoro il is Iol is a Iaco vhoro aII lyos of microbos
and gorms galhor, il is nol difficuIl lo assumo lhal lho vords }inn
and Shaitan (as usod in lhoso ahadilh) carry a gonoraI moaning and
vouId incIudo lhoso lhings (gorms and microbos) loo ovon lhough
lhis hadilh (and olhors) havo a socific moaning lhal lho }inn or
Shaitan is a boing vilh undorslanding and inloIIigonco and havo a
rosonsibiIily lo lhoir Croalor and lho ahadilh in lhoso rogards aro
aIso quilo numorous.
76


127

O AIIah! On lhal day vhon lho }inn and ManIind vilh bo broughl
forlh lho Courl of }uslico in Your rosonco and lhoso vho had
commillod vicIod doods viII fooI romorso for lhoir aclions, covor us
vilh lho shadov of Your Graco.

O AIIah! Tho shoro of Your Dominion is vido and sacious and
our ovn InovIodgo and undorslanding is Iimilod, lhoroforo, Ioaso
rolocl us from lho sIis and orrors and mislaIos lhal vo faII roy
lo.

O AIIah! Tho slalion and ranI of Your Irohol is so groal lhal in
addilion lo his invilalion (lo lho roIigion of IsIam) boing oxlondod lo
humanily, aII olhor croalions loo ansvorod his caII lhus, Ioaso
accol and Iaco us amongsl lho ranIs of lho lruo boIiovors.

ComIolion of lho Commonlary of SuraluI }inn
Friday, 21
sl
of lho Monlh of Muharram aI-Haram, 140S AH
Nasir MaIarim Shirazi
, ' `._ ``- '

129
SoIoclion of Ahadilh from
aI-IsuI aI-Kafi Concorning lho }inn

, .' `. ' ,', `- ` `,`,,'`, `,, `,_,`' .,`,`-,, , `,,, ,
Tho }inn como lo lhom (lho A'immah)
for RoIigious Inslruclions and for SollIing lhoir Affairs

Hadilh 1

,-`.' ``, `, `-` ` _,` `, _,`-, `
` ` ' ` ,' `.`,' ,`- , `, ' ` ` ,
`, ```,' - . , , . .,- _`- -`
' ` ``` `_`' `.- , ' . ., . , .' .
` ``, `,`,`' ' ,- ` ' `,,`, `,'. ' `` `., ' `,`,`,`
' . , ' `' `- ` , `.` `, `
' `, . `, `. _' `. ` :`, .
`. , -' ' `' ` , `.` ``, `, , ,',
`,`,` `, `-' `, _' _ ` `,`,,' .' -, `-
' ,- ` ' '. `, ' `,`,`,` ' . , ` `,`,`,'_ `
`. `, . :`,` :,' ' `- . `.
:,`', `', `, . ,'`, , . , `,,, , `
- ,- , `,, `,, .
Somo of our comanions narralod from our ooIo,
vho havo narralod from Muhammad ibn AIi from
Yahya ibn Musavir from Sad aI-AsIaf vho said
130
lho foIIoving: On ono of my mooling vilh Abu
}afar (oaco bo uon him) vhon I vonl lo soo him,
ho asIod mo lo vail. I vailod unliI lho sun bocamo
vory hol on mo, lhus I lriod lo foIIov lho shadov lo
slay avay from lho sun. Nol vory Iong aflor, a
grou of ooIo lhal IooIod IiIo Iocusls drossod in
Iargo govns and voro vory aIo and sIim duo lo
oxlonsivo vorshiing, camo oul from vhoro lho
Imam vas. Thoir boaulifuI sighl mado mo forgol
my lroubIos. Whon I vonl in lho rosonco of lho
Imam (oaco bo uon him) ho said, 'I am afraid I
causod you hardshis.

I said, 'Yos, il vas difficuIl bul by AIIah, I forgol
ovorylhing vhon I sav lhom. A grou of ooIo
assod by lho IiIo of vhoso boauly I had nol soon
boforo. Thoy IooIod IiIo Iocusls lhal voro aIo and
sIim duo lo vorshiing a groal doaI.

Tho Imam (oaco bo uon him) said, 'O Sad, did
you soo lhom` I said, 'Yos, I sav lhom. Tho Imam
(oaco bo uon him) said, 'Thoy aro your brolhron

Tho narralor said, 'I asIod lho Imam (oaco bo uon
him), 'Do lhoy como lo you` Ho said, 'Yos, lhoy
como lo us for roIigious inslruclions and lo Ioarn
lho IavfuI and unIavfuI mallors from us.

Hadilh 2

`, `, ` `-` ``, ' ` .- `, ` ` ,
` `, ,,,`, , ' `, ,' ` - ` ' , `,

131
' ` ` , `, ,- ,, ``, `' ` ' ', `,,`,
`_`_' , ,' ` ,' ' ' , `, ' ` ` , `,`,`
.`, ,` . `,` ' `-
AIi ibn Muhammad has narralod from SahI ibn
Ziyad from AIi ibn Hisan from Ibrahim ibn Isma'iI
from Ibn }abaI, vho has said lho foIIoving: On
ono occasion vo voro in fronl of lho door of lho
houso of Abu AbdiIIah (oaco bo uon him) vhon a
grou of ooIo vho IooIod IiIo Indian gysios
camo oul voaring Ioin cIolhs lo covor lhoir bodios.
Wo asIod Abu AbdiIIah (oaco bo uon him) aboul
lhom and ho said, 'Thoy voro your brolhron from
among lho }inn.

Hadilh 3

_,`-, ``, ``-` , ,_` ``, ``-' ' `, -
' `, ' `, ` ` ,-`.' `, ` .
' ` ,' `.`,' ,`- , `, ' ` ` , `,_' ' .
-_ , `, _ , ' . ,`. , ' ,`.. `.
, `, `.`_ ``, , ``` .,`,``, , ' ', .
,`- ,' _ `. , `, ' ` ` , `. `.`-
` :` '=`,' ' ,`-, `, `.`,'_ , `,, ``` `
`,`,``,`' ,, , :,' ` _`, ' ``
132
. `. `,`,` :,' ' ,`', `-
- ` ,'`, `,, , `,,,- , , `,,, .
Ahmad ibn Idris and Muhammad ibn Yahya havo
narralod from aI-Hasan ibn AIi aI-Kufi from Ibn aI-
FaddaI from a corlain orson of our ooIo from
Sad aI-AsIaf, vho has said lho foIIoving: Ono
limo I vonl lo asI for ormission lo mool Abu }afar
(oaco bo uon him). I found saddIos of camoIs
Iinod u in fronl of lho door and hoard vory Ioud
noisos. Al lhis limo, a grou of ooIo camo oul
vho voro voaring lurbans and IooIod IiIo lhoso of
lho Indian gysios. I asIod Abu }afar (oaco bo
uon him) aboul lhom saying, 'May AIIah laIo my
souI in lho sorvico of your causo. Today il looI mo
a Iong limo lo rocoivo ormission lo mool you. I
sav a grou of ooIo coming oul vilh lurbans on
lhal I did nol rocognizo.

Ho said, 'Do you Inov, O Sad, vho lhoy voro` I
roIiod, 'No, I do nol Inov. Tho Imam (oaco bo
uon him) said, 'Thoy voro your brolhron in
roIigion from among lho }inn. Thoy como lo us for
roIigious inslruclions, lo Ioarn lho IavfuI and
unIavfuI mallors and lho rinciIos of lhoir
roIigion.

Hadilh 4

`, `-` ` _,`-, ``, ``-` ' ` `,`- `, ,,,`,
,' ' ,, ` ' `,`,`. .`,' ,`- ,`,'
, `, ' ` ` , ,-, , ` ` `,, ' `, `.`-,- ,

133
' `,`, ` -_ _ .- . `,`, ,, . `.
= ``' `.`~ , `, ``, . ' , . .
, , ,, -- ``,~ , `.~_ . `.`,
_ ' ,- ,`- ,' `, , `, ' ` ` , `. _
.-., ``, ' . ' , ' .
`, ,, `,`', .,`' ' , '. ` `, `-' `,
,`- ,`,' , `, ' ` ` , `. ``, `.`-
`-_ , ' ``,~ , :, `.~_ . `,, ,
' `- `_' , ' , `,' `,` . ,,_ ,
,`' `' . ' `' .' `-
' , ,`' `_' , ` `,` .
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narralod from
Muhammad ibn aI-Husayn from Ibrahim ibn AbuI
BaIad from Sadir aI-Sayrafi, vho has said lho
foIIoving: Abu }afar (oaco bo uon him) asIod
mo lo hoI him vilh a fov lhings in Madina. I Iofl
and vhon I roachod Fajj aI-Ravha (namo of a Iaco)
a man vavod lo mo vilh his cIolhos. Tho narralor
said lhal I lurnod lo him and I lhoughl ho vas
lhirsly. I offorod him a cu bul ho docIinod saying,
'I do nol nood il. Ho gavo mo a Iollor vhoso inI
vas nol dry yol ovon.

Tho narralor said lhal vhon I IooIod al il, il had lho
soaI of Abu }afar (oaco bo uon him) on il. I asIod
him 'Whon voro you in lho rosonco of Abu }afar
(oaco bo uon him)` Ho said, '}usl nov I vas in
134
his rosonco. In lho Iollor voro a fov lhings lhal ho
had commandod mo lo do. Whon I IooIod around
lhoro vas no ono vilh mo.

Tho narralor lhon said, 'Aflor lhis, I vonl lo mool
Abu }afar (oaco bo uon him) and said, 'May
AIIah laIo my souI in lho sorvico of your causo. A
man camo lo mo vilh your Iollor, lho inI of vhich
had nol yol driod u. Ho said, 'O Sadir, vo havo
sorvanls from among lho }inn. Whon vo nood a
lhing lo haon quicIIy, vo sond lhom lo do il.

Hadilh 5

``, ``-` , `-` ``, ' ' , `, `, ` -
- `, `-` ` `, `` ,`- `- ,- `
`. _,` `.`, `.`,'_ ' .`, , `, ' ` ` , , _
, .`,, . ' `, ,` , .=- , - -' _' `.` .
`. -` ` `, , `, ' ',``,
' , '`, ` ,`, . `. , `, .' '.-'
_`' ` . .` . :` .``- , .
`. , ``' .' '.-' `, . ' `
` `.` `.`` ' `_ , `. `.``- _``-
.
'AIi ibn Muhammad and Muhammad ibn aI-Hasan
havo narralod from SahI ibn Ziyad, from lho orson
vho ho monlionod from Muhammad ibn }ahrash

135
vho has said lhal HaIima, daughlor of Musa has
said lho foIIoving: Onco, I sav ar-RiJa (oaco bo
uon him) slanding al lho door of lho firovood
room vhisoring, bul I couId nol soo anyono oIso
around him. I asIod him, 'My maslor, vho aro you
laIIing lo` Ho said, 'This is 'Amir aI-Zahrai. Ho
has como lo asI a fov quoslions and ho has corlain
comIainls. I lhon asIod, 'My maslor, I vouId IiIo
lo hoar his voico. Ho said, 'If you hoar his voico,
lhon you viII havo a fovor for ono yoar. I said, 'My
maslor, I vouId (sliII) IiIo lo hoar him. Ho said,
'AII righl lhon Iislon. I Iislonod and I hoard
somolhing IiIo a vhislIo. I lhon foIl fovorish for ono
onliro yoar.

Hadilh 6

-` ` `-` ``, ``-' , _,`-, ``, ``-` `, ` ' -
`, ,,,`, ` ` `, ,,` ` , ,`, ` . `, ,,
.,',' - ` ,` `, ,,` ` ,`- ,' ` ,, , `,
' ` ` , `,, `' ' `,` , `, ' ` ` , _ ' ,`
` ' . .,`,' ` ., ,- ` ' `,, -`
' `' `_' `,`, .' ` ' `,` , `, ' ` ` , .'
, , ' , ' `, .` _`- `. _ _,` ' ,`
= ' _ , , ' `,` , `, ' ` ` , ' `' _
' `,` , `, ' ` ` , , _`- , .' `, ` `,
=` . , ` ` , `, ' = .`' `
136
` ``, ,`,` :, . _ ' `- . ,' . ,
.`,' , . _=`' :, .' , :``,' ` , :,'_
' ' `,` , , , `,`' `' `
' `,` , `, ' ` ` , ,, :,.,' ' , ,.` .'
, :,,' ' `, , :`, `- `,, .
`, ,`,` ' ' , `,` ' _ ``, ,`, ,.`
' - ` . ` `. `.`- :,', ,`,` ,
' `, `.-, `, .
Muhammad ibn Yahya and Ahmad ibn
Muhammad havo narralod from Muhammad ibn
aI-Hasan from Ibrahim ibn Hashim from Amr ibn
Ilhman from Ibrahim ibn Ayyub from Amr ibn
Shimr from }abir from Abu }afar (oaco bo uon
him), vho had said lho foIIoving: Onco vhon
Amir aI-Muminin AIi (oaco bo uon him) vas on
lho uIil, a soronl onlorod from ono of lho doors
of lho Masjid. Tho ooIo vanlod lo IiII lho
soronl hovovor, Amir aI-Muminin (oaco bo uon
him) asIod lhom lo Ioavo lho snaIo aIono and lhus
lhoy Iofl him. Tho soronl bogan lo cravI lovards
lho uIil. Ho slrolchod oul and saIulod Amir aI-
Muminin (oaco bo uon him). Tho Imam (oaco
bo uon him) mado a gosluro lo him lo vail unliI
lho sormon vas comIolod. Whon lho sormon vas
finishod, Imam AIi camo lo lho snaIo and said,
'Who aro you` Ho said, 'I am Amr ibn Ilhman,
your douly among lho }inns. My falhor has diod
and in his viII, ho has asIod mo lo como lo you and
find oul your inslruclions and lhal is vhy I am

137
horo. Whal do you command mo and inslrucl mo
lo do` Amir aI-Muminin (oaco bo uon him)
said, 'I asI you lo bo ious boforo AIIah and go
bacI and acl as lho succossor of your falhor among
lho }inn. I aoinl you as my douly ovor lhom.

Tho narralor said lhal Amr lhon bid farovoII lo
Amir aI-Muminin AIi (oaco bo uon him) and Iofl
as his douly ovor lho }inn. I asIod lho Imam
(oaco bo uon him), 'May AIIah laIo my souI in
lho sorvico of your causo, doos Amr fuIfiII lho
obIigalion uon him` Ho said, 'Yos, ho doos so.

Hadilh 7

`-` ``, ' - ,' `, . ` `, `-` `
`-' ` _,' `, ' ,`.` ' `.` , `, .`'
- ,` `, ,, ,,, ' .' ```- ,,
' _ ,`- , , , ' ` ` , , ` ` , , ``,
,` `_,`,` `_, _`- ' . `, ` ` ,` `,' -,`,
_ ' `,, , `,. ``- ' , , ,`, ' `
,~ `-,, ' ` `. ,,- `, `,
, , `` , `,`, _ `. ` ,` _ `, `-`
- `, , ,,, `, ,, `~ `,`' `.~_ ` _
, ``, `, ' . ` ` ' `. `,'
`, ' `. `, ' `. . `: ' - ``,, ' , ,
13S
_' _`- `,`-, `, , :`' `, , _ ' .
-. ```,'_ . , , _`- _,`,` _ ' , `,,
' `, , ` ```,' `.`-`.' `, '., ```-, `
` , `` , ` `. ._ ` , , `
,, ,` , . ' _,`,``- `, _,`.` `-' _,`' ,`,
,`- ` ,`,' , ,`-, `.`, , ,`-, ,
, ```,'_ `,' `.' , ` ' `, , `, , `,
' `- `, , ` _ ' , .,``. ' - , ` _`- .
' , -`, _ `_,`, ' ' , .,``. ' - ``- .,,, ` , `,
, ``- ,,, ``, ' .. ' `. _, _`- `,.
` `, ' ,, _ : `-_ `,` .' - ` `, `,,
,,, ``, ' , ``` `.,`. '``- ' ,, ` .`, . '
`,`, `- _ - ` , ,,, ``, `, ' '``- ,
:-`.' ' `-_ . ` ` `, .,- , `. , `- ,
` , ``- , ' _ -`, ' ,``. . _ ' `., ..
`,`, . _ ,` , `, ,`' ' ,``. _ `., .
' .. . ' ``- ' ` ` . ,
` `, ' ,. `- ``, `_,`.` _`- ` _,`,` ' , ,
- ,, . _. `,, .
AIi ibn Muhammad has narralod from SaIih ibn
Abu Hammad from Muhammad ibn Irma from

139
Ahmad ibn aI-Nadr from aI-Numan ibn Bashir,
vho said lho foIIoving: Onco, I vas
accomanying }abir ibn Yazid aI-}ufi on a journoy.
Wo roachod lho cily of Madina uon vhich, ho
vonl lo mool Abu }afar (oaco bo uon him).
(Aflor lho mooling) ho said farovoII lo lho Imam
and camo oul vory hay unliI vo arrivod lo aI-
IIhayraja, lho firsl Ionglh of lho journoy from
Fayd lo Madinah. Il vas a Friday and vo said our
rayors al noon and vhon lho camoI roso lo Ioavo, I
sav a laII, brovnish man vilh a Iollor. Ho gavo il
lo }abir, vho Iissod il and Iacod il ovor his oyos. Il
vas from Muhammad ibn AIi aI-Baqir (oaco bo
uon lhom) addrossod lo }abir ibn Yazid vhoso
bIacI inI vas sliII vol. Ho asIod lho laII man,
'Whon voro you in lho rosonco of my maslor` Ho
said, '}usl nov. Ho asIod, 'Woro you in his
rosonco boforo or aflor lho rayor` Ho said, 'I vas
lhoro aflor lho rayor. Ho lhon oonod lho soaI
and bogan lo road lho Iollor and his faco bogan lo
IooI slrainod unliI ho road il lo lho ond. Ho hoId
lho Iollor and I did nol soo him Iaughing or hay
unliI vo arrivod in Kufah.

I sonl my nighl in Kufah and lhon in lho morning,
I vonl lo soo }abir oul of rosocl and I found him
coming oul lo mool mo vilh a Iargo ring mado of
anIIobonos around his nocI riding on a lvig of
roods saying: 'I soo Mansur ibn }umhur, a ruIor -
bul no ono oboys him and olhor such rhymos. Ho
IooIod al mo and I IooIod al him, and ho did nol
say anylhing lo mo and I did nol say anylhing lo
him. I bogan lo voo vhon I sav him. Tho
chiIdron and ooIo galhorod around us. Ho camo
140
lo ar-Rahba and vouId go in circIos vilh lho
chiIdron, and ooIo slarlod lo say, '}abir has gono
mad, }abir has gono insano. By AIIah, onIy a fov
days assod lhal a Iollor from Hisham ibn Abd aI-
MaIiI camo lo lho govornor lo IooI for a man caIIod
}abir ibn Yazid aI-}ufi. Il said, 'KiII him and sond
his hoad lo mo.

Tho govornor lurnod lo lho ooIo in his courl and
asIod, 'Who is lhis }abir ibn Yazid aI-}ufi` Thoy
roIiod, 'May AIIah granl voII boing lo lho
govornor. }abir vas a man of InovIodgo,
oxcoIIonco, hadilh and Hajj bul nov ho has bocomo
insano. Ho is lhoro vilh lho chiIdron riding on a
lvig of roods. Ho Iays vilh lhom. Ho vonl lo soo
him and found him Iaying vilh lho chiIdron vhiIo
riding a lvig of roods. Ho said, 'ThanIs bo lo AIIah
for saving mo from having lo IiII him. Tho
narralor said lhal vilhin a fov days Mansur ibn
}umhur onlorod Kufah and did lo }abir vhal ho had
ordorod his commandor lo orform (IiII }abir).


141
Endnolos

1
Tafsir Majma AI-Bayan, VoIumo 10, Iago 365

2
Tafsir AI-Burhan, VoIumo 4, Iago 390

3
SuraluI Ahqaf, Vorso 39-41

4
Tafsir AIi ibn Ibrahim according lo lho narralion (summarizod)
from lho Tafsir Nur alh-ThaqaIain, VoIumo 5, Iago 19

5
5ahih AI-BuIhari, 5ahih AI-MusIim and lho Musnad of Ahmad ibn
HanbaI, according lo lho (summarizod) narralion from In lho Shado
of lho Qur'an, VoIumo 7, Iago 429

6
Tafsir Majma AI-Bayan, VoIumo 9, Iago 92, Hislory of Ibn
Hisham, VoIumo 2, Iago 62 and 63 (Summarizod)

7
Tafsir Majma AI-Bayan, VoIumo 10, Iago 36S

S
Tho vord ,., according lo a grou of oxorls in Arabic Ianguago
and Commonlary rofors lo a grou of 3 lo 9 individuaIs.

9
Among lho schoIars of Nahv (Arabic Grammar), il is commonIy
Inovn lhal vhon . occurs al lho boginning of sooch, il musl bo
ronouncod vilh a Kasrah al lho boginning (on lho Falha) (as in .),
and in lhis vorso and lho vorsos lhal foIIov vo soo lhal in lho firsl
inslanco, il is ronouncod vilh a Kasrah, hovovor lho vorsos lhal
foIIov, sinco lhoy aro connoclod vilh lhis firsl vorso, lhoy aro
ronouncod vilh a Falha. Bocauso of lhis, a groal numbor of
commonlalors voro forcod lo say lhal lhoro is somolhing lo bo laIon
as a laqdir vhich moans lhal lhoro is an imIicalion of a missing
synlaclicaI arl (grammalicaIIy soaIing) in lho sonlonco or lhoy
had lo como u vilh olhor roasons (lo oxIain lho difforonco
bolvoon lho Iavs of lho Nahv and lho vay lhis vord has boon usod
in lhoso vorsos). Hovovor, vhal is lho harm in saying lhal lhis Iav
of Nahv has ils oxcolions and in lhis caso vo moan lhal if a hraso
is connoclod vilh anolhor vorso, lhon il is ormillod lo rocilo il vilh
142

a Falha and lho roof for lhis slalomonl aro lhoso vorsos of SuraluI
}inn.

10
Tafsir Majma AI-Bayan, VoIumo 10, Iago 36S, Tafsir Nur alh-
ThaqaIain, VoIumo 5, Iago 435, lho samo oinl has boon aIIudod lo
in lho Tafsir of AIi ibn Ibrahim.

11
Tafsir Qurtubi, VoIumo 10, Iago 6S01

12
Tafsir Majma AI-Bayan, VoIumo 10, Iago 369, Tafsir Ruh AI-
Maani, VoIumo 2S, Iago S5

13
In lho commonlary of lhis vorso, lhoro is anolhor inlorrolalion
vhich a grou of lho commonlalors of lho Qur'an havo roIalod as a
ossibiIily of ils moaning. Thoy monlionod lhal bocauso a grou of
lho humans soughl rofugo vilh lho }inn, lhis rosuIlod in lho }inns
incroasing in lhoir roboIIiousnoss and lhus, lhoy lhoughl lhomsoIvos
lo bo lho boginning and comIolion of imorlanl acls (in lho
univorso), hovovor, in our oinion, lho firsl commonlary givon is
moro corrocl (according lo lho firsl commonlary givon, lho ronoun
in lho vord ,_ rolurns bacI lo lho }inn and lho ronoun of ,.
rolurns bacI lo lho humans, hovovor in lho socond commonlary
monlionod abovo, lho oosilo is monlionod).

14
Tho vord .. comos from lho rool of .. vhoso moaning is
voII-Inovn, hovovor in lhis vorso, il aIIudos lo IooIing and
soarching for somolhing (according lo Raghib in his booI AI-
Mufradal and FaIhr AI-RaJhi in his Tafsir AI-Kabir and aIso Tafsir
AI-Qurtubi).

AIso, lho vord ,.- vhoso IuraI is _.- is in lho moaning of a
roloclor or guardian and somo SchoIars havo monlionod lhal lhis
vord is acluaIIy a IuraI form of lho vorb.

15
Tho vord comos from lho rool of . vhich moans dividing
somolhing oquaIIy or juslIy and vhon aIiod lo allorn of lho
'Arabic vorb ., il is changod lo . vhoso moaning is lo aIy

143

juslico. Hovovor, vhon il is usod in ils originaI allorn and form as
in lhis vorso, ils moaning is of orossion and lo slray avay from
lho alh of Trulh.

16
Tho vord ,,- comos from lho rool vord ,- vhich moans maIing
an inlonlion for somolhing.

17
Tafsir Ruh AI-Bayan, VoIumo 10, Iago 195

1S
AI-IsuI min AI-Kafi, VoIumo 2, Soclion: Tho BoIiovor and his
Trails and Characlorislics.

19
Il shouId bo nolod lhal orhas lho onIy lhing lhal has Iod lhoso
commonlalors of lho Qur'an lo accol lhal lhoso vorsos voro lho
sooch of AIIah insorlod bolvoon lho vords of lho }inn is lho
ronoun Inovn in Arabic as ( _. _ ,) or Tho Firsl Iorson IIuraI
vhich havo boon usod in lhoso vorsos. In ono Iaco il is monlionod
lhal, Wo vouId corlainIy havo givon lhom abundanl valor lo
drinI. In anolhor Iaco, il is monlionod So lhal Wo mighl lry
lhom vilh rosocl lo il. Hovovor, anylimo vo laIo lhoso lyos of
sooch as boing sonloncos roIalod or narralod lo olhors, lhon lhoro is
no robIom (in undorslanding lho moaning of such sonloncos). A
good oxamIo of lhis is vhon a orson roIalos a slory lo ono of his
frionds and lhon says, Such and such orson is of lho boIiof lhal I
am a good orson. (ObviousIy, lho orson vhom ho is soaIing
aboul vouId nol havo usod lho vord I, ralhor, ho vouId havo
usod lho vord ho, hovovor lho orson vho is Iisloning vouId
aulomalicaIIy undorsland vhal lho orson is saying.)

20
Somo Commonlalors of lho Qur'an havo givon lho ossibiIily lhal
lho moaning of .,,~ in lhis vorso is lhal alh of disboIiof and lho
incroaso in bIossings vhich ono vouId bo onlilIod lo rocoivo aflor
slaying firm on lhis alh (of disboIiof). In roaIily, lho roIiminary
slago (lhal AIIah, GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho losls His sorvanls
vilh) is lhal of unishmonl (for lhoir sins) and lhis is dono lhrough
boing Iurod or onlicod by bIossings (from AIIah, GIorifiod and
144

ExaIlod is Ho) hovovor lhis commonlary doos nol fil vilh lho lono
of lho vorso undor discussion nor vouId il ovor corrosond vilh lho
vorsos lhal rocodo and foIIov lhis vorso.

21
Wasa'iI ash-Shia, VoIumo 2, Iago 970, Hadilh 3

22
Wasa'iI ash-Shia, VoIumo 1S, Iago 490 (Soclion on lho IsIamic
IonaIly for Thofl, Soclion 4, Hadilh 5)

23
Tafsir Nur alh-ThaqaIain, VoIumo 5, Iago 439 and 440

24
In rogards lo lho issuo of Inlorcossion from lho viovoinl of lho
Qur'an and ahadilh, a comIolo discussion has boon carriod oul in
voIumo 1 of lhis Commonlary (Tafsir-o-Namuna) undor vorso 4S of
SuraluI Baqarah. In roIalion lo lho lrulhfuInoss of TavassuI, a
discussion in voIumo 4 of lho samo Tafsir vorso 45 of SuraluI
Maidah has aIso boon carriod oul.

25
According lo lhis commonlary and sinco lhis sonlonco is from lho
sooch of lho boIioving }inn, lho uso of lho ronoun of .. or Tho
Third Iorson in Iaco of ,. or Tho Firsl Iorson has boon dono for
draving lho allonlion, or duo lo lho facl lhal a grou of lho }inn had
soIon lhoso vords in roIalion lo anolhor grou of lho }inn lo
oxIain lhoir aclions (ay allonlion lo lhis oinl).

26
In roforonco lo lho ovonl of rovoIalion of lhis vorso, somo
commonlalors havo monlionod lhal lho non-boIiovors from among
lho Quraish had asIod lho Irohol lo Ioavo his roIigion so lhal lhoy
vouId givo him roloclion and lhus, lho vorso undor discussion
vas rovoaIod vhich vas a roIy lo lho Quraish. (Soo Tafsir AbuI
Fuluh AI-Razi, VoIumo 11, Iago 293)

27
Sooing as hov lho vord (_,) can onIy bo mado lransilivo lhrough
lho arlicIo (), somo commonlalors of lho Quran havo monlionod
lhal lho arlicIo () usod in lhis vorso comos in lho moaning of lho
arlicIo () vhiIo olhors havo laIon lho vord ( ) as boing in
laqdir moaning lhal lhoro is an imIicalion of a missing

145

synlaclicaI arl (grammalicaIIy soaIing) in lho sonlonco such lhal
lho vorso vouId road (= , .).

2S
According lo lhis, lho oxIanalion of lhis sonlonco is an
oxcIusionary condilion for lho sonlonco lhal camo boforo il lhal
roads ( .- ., . .-' . ,) and according lo lho firsl oxIanalion
offorod, il vouId bo an oxcIusionary condilion for lho rovious
vorso.

29
Tho arlicIo (_-) is commonIy usod lo convoy or oxross lho
comIolion or concIusion of somolhing and in lhis vorso il laIos on
lvo difforonl inlorrolalions. Tho firsl moaning is lhal lhal
comIolion or oulcomo is acluaIIy a sonlonco vhich has boon
omillod such lhal in laqdir (moaning lhal lhoro is an imIicalion
of a missing synlaclicaI arl (grammalicaIIy soaIing) in lho
sonlonco) lho vorso vouId road: ( . , ,'_ - ,' .,., , .,,, .,,
.,,, ... ). Tho socond inlorrolalion is lhal lho comIolion or
oulcomo vouId bo lho arl of lho vorso lhal roads ( , .,,,) vhich
camo a fov vorsos boforo lhis vorso hovovor lho firsl inlorrolalion
is much moro arorialo.

30
SuraluI Ahqaf, Vorso 9

31
SuraluI Anam, Vorso 50

32
Surah an-NamI, Vorso 40

33
Surah ash-Shuara, Vorso 54

34
Surah as-5aba, Vorso 35

35
SuraluI Kahf, Vorso 34

36
SuraluI Baqarah, Vorso 249

37
Nahj AI-BaIagha, Sooch 201

3S
Tafsir AI-Muraghi, VoIumo 29, Iago 105

146

39
Tho hraso ., , is lho rodicalo for a nominaI cIauso vhich has
boon oIiminalod and in acluaIily, il vas ..., ,.. ,... Somo
commonlalors havo laIon lhis hraso lo bo an allribulo (of AIIah) or
an aosilionaI subslanlivo for anolhor subslanlivo for lho vord _
in lho rovious vorso.

40
A grou of commonlalors havo said lhal lho ronoun (ho) in ,,.
rofors lo lho Irohol of IsIam (bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and
his famiIy) and havo slalod lhal lhis moans lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) has aoinlod roloclors and ovorsoors for lho socrols
of lho rovoIalion and lho mossago so lhal lho Irohol vouId Inov
lhal dofiniloIy, vhal is coming lo him is rovoIalion from AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lhus, ho vouId havo no doubl or
uncorlainly in lho rovoIalion. Hovovor, lhis oxIanalion, Iooing in
mind lhal lho doIivoranco of lho mossago is lho job of lho Irohol
(bIossings of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy) and nol lho job of
lho AngoIs and sooing as hov in lho rovious vorso lho vord ,._
has boon usod, and a fov vorsos roviousIy, lho vord ..._ vas
usod in roIalion lo lho orsonago of lho Irohol of IsIam (bIossings
of AIIah bo uon him and his famiIy), il is highIy unIiIoIy lhal lhis
(socond) oxIanalion is corrocl lhus, lho lrulh Iios in lho
commonlary givon.

41
Surah Io Imran, Vorso 49

42
SuraluI }inn, Vorso 27

43
SuraluI Rum, Vorso 2 - 4

44
A commonlary on lhis ovonl and ils comIolo roforoncos can bo
found in lho commonlary of Surah Mumlahinah.

45
KamiI ibn Alhir, VoIumo 2, Iago 237 in lho soclion on lho BallIo
of Mulah.

46
MusladraI AI-5ahihain, VoIumo 2, ago 35S

47
|abaqal of ibn Sad, VoIumo 5, ago 30

147

4S
AI-Isabalu of ibn AI-Hajr, VoIumo 5, Soclion 3, Iago 325

49
Haylhami in lho booI Majma, VoIumo 6, Iago 241

50
AI-Riyadh AI-Nadhirah, VoIumo 2, Iago 222

51
FadhaiI AI-Khamsah, voIumo 2, Iagos 231 lo 253

52
Nahj AI-BaIagha, Sooch 12S

53
Surah Iuqman, Vorso 34

54
Nahj AI-BaIagha, Sooch 127

55
Bihar AI-Anvar, VoIumo 26, Iago 160, hadilh 5, lhoro aro many
ahadilh on lhis loic from lho samo sourco.

56
Tafsir Nur alh-ThaqaIain, VoIumo 2, Iago 512, Hadilh 160.

57
AI-Kafi, Soclion: SuroIy lho Aimmah, vhon lhoy vanl lo Inov
somolhing, lhoy aro laughl il, hadilh 3. Thoro aro aIso olhor
ahadilh in lhis soclion on lhis loic.

5S
IsuI AI-Kafi, VoIumo 1, Hadilh 3

59
SuraluI NamI, Vorso 40

60
SuraluI Rad, Vorso 43

61
SuraluI NamI, Vorso 40

62
SuraluI Rad, Vorso 43

63
Rofor lo VoIumo 3 of lho booI Ahqaq AI-Haqq, Iagos 2S0-2S1 and
lho Tafsir Nur alh-ThaqaIain, voIumo 2, Iago 523.

64
SuraluI NahI, Vorso S9

65
In lho commonlary (of AyaluIIah Nasir MaIarim Shirazi, Tafsir-o-
Namunah) in SuraluI Anam, vorsos 50, 59 (VoIumo 5, Iagos 245
and 26S) and SuraluI Araf, vorso 1SS (VoIumo 7, Iago 46), lhis
subjocl has boon discussod in dolaiI.

14S

66
SuraluI Rahman, Vorso 15

67

6S

69

70

71
SuraluI NahI, Vorso 39

72
Surah Saba, Vorso 13

73
SuraluI Hijr, Vorso 27

74
Safinal AI-Bihar, VoIumo 1, Iago 1S6 (Indor -)

75
AI-Kafi, VoIumo 6, Iago 3S5, Soclion on BooI of DrinIing
soclion on Tyos of VossoIs, Hadilh 5.

76
In lho firsl voIumo of lho booI, Tho Firsl Inivorsily and lho Iasl
Irohol, lhoro aro aroximaloIy 23 Ahadilh in roIalion lo lhis loic.


149

Olhor IubIicalions from lho

1. A Codo of Elhics for MusIim Mon and Womon: Tho falava of oighl
Maraja TaqIid on various issuos roIaling lo mon and vomon and
inloraclion bolvoon lho soxos.
ComiIod by Sayyid Masud Masumi
TransIalod by Arifa Hudda and SaIoom Bhimji
ISBN: 1-S94701-05-4
Iagos: 1SS
SRI: $S.00 CDN

2. RuIos Rogarding lho Docoasod: IhiIosohy and AhIam:
Comrohonsivo manuaI of lho rilos lo bo foIIovod boforo, during and
aflor lho doalh of a foIIov boIiovor. AII rocommondod and obIigalory
suIicalions and rayors aro rosonlod in Arabic vilh fuII EngIish
lransIalion.
According lo lho IsIamic RuIings of yaluIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj
as-Sayyid AIi aI-Husaini as-Sislani
ISBN: 1-S94701-02-X
Iagos: 212
SRI: $S.00 CDN

3. RuIos Rogarding lho Docoasod: Condonsod Vorsion: Condonsod
vorsion of lho abovo booI conlaining onIy lho obIigalory rayors and
suIicalions for lho docoasod and lho raclicaI ruIings noodod al limo
of doalh and al lho gravoyard.
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: S0
SRI: $3.00 CDN

150

4. Summary of lho AhIam of 5aIal aI-}amaal: Shorl booIIol covoring lho
basic ruIings for lho orson vishing lo orform his/hor 5aIal in }amaal.
ISBN: 1-S94701-07-0
Iagos: 16
SRI: $3.00 CDN

5. Discussions Concorning AI-Mahdi (may AIIah haslon his rolurn)
A dolaiIod booI covoring lhroo major issuos: BoIiofs of lho Shia in lho
Mahdi, Imamah, and Mahdaviyyah (Issuos roIalod lo lho 12
lh
Imam)
rosonlod in lho form of quoslion and ansvor.
Wrillon By yaluIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-ShayIh IutfuIIah 5afi
GuIaygani
TransIalod by Sayyid SuIayman AIi Hasan Abidi
ISBN: 1-S94701-0S-9
Iagos: 162
SRI: $S.00 CDN

6. Hislory bohind Masjid }amIaran aIong vilh SoIoclod SuIicalions lo
lho 12
lh
Imam (may AIIah haslon his rolurn)
Hislory of lho Masjid buiIl by lho ordor of our 12
lh
Imam incIuding
various suIicalions and rayors for lho Iiving Imam.
ComiIod by lho Rosoarch Conlro of lho Masjid of }amIaran
ISBN: 1-S94701-03-S
Iagos: S0
SRI: $6.00 CDN


151

7. SimIifiod IsIamic Iavs for Youlh and Young AduIls
A simIo and oasy lo undorsland rondilion of lho IsIamic Iavs for
youlh and young aduIls and lhoso jusl onloring inlo lho ago of
rosonsibiIily.
ISBN: 1-S94701-05-4
Iagos: 154
SRI: $7.00 CDN

S. Moraj : Tho Nighl Asconsion
Tho onliro ovonl of Moraj of lho NobIo Irohol of IsIam (bIossings of
AIIah bo uon him and his rogony) and aII lhal ho sav and did on lhis
nighl journoy.
Wrillon by MuIIah Muhammad Faidh aI-Kashani
ISBN: 1-S94701-12-7
Iagos: 72
SRI: $6.00 CDN

9. My }ournoy lo IsIam
Tho lruo slory of hov a Canadian born voman of IlaIian dosconl found
lho lruo alh and accolod lho loachings of lho AhI aI-Bail.
Wrillon by Sr. IaiIa BigoIIi
TransIalod by N/A
ISBN: 1-S94701-11-9
Iagos: 32
SRI: $5.00 CDN

152

10. Inlroduclion lo IsIam
A shorl rimor for non-MusIims vishing lo Ioarn moro aboul lho
subIimo failh of aI-IsIam and our loachings.
Wrillon by IsIamic Humanilarian Sorvico
TransIalod by N/A
ISBN: 1-S94701-10-0
Iagos: 32
SRI: $2.00 CDN

11. IsliIhara : SooIing lho Bosl from AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
Tho hislory and hiIosohy bohind lho IsliIhara comIolo vilh forly
hadilh from lho Masumin and lho oinions of lho groal schoIars.
Wrillon by Muhammad Baqir Haidori
ISBN: 1-S94701-04-6
Iagos: S0
SRI: $6.00 CDN

12. IsIam as Taughl by lho Irohol and His HoIy Doscondonls
Wrillon by M.H. Shoriff
TransIalod by N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 120
SRI: $S.00 CDN

13. Iighl of lho FamiIy of lho Irohol (CoIouring BooI)
Wrillon by N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 16
SRI: $3.00 CDN


153

14. As-SaIam AIaiIum O IooIo of lho Houso (CoIouring BooI)
Wrillon by AIi RiJha Hanif
TransIalod by N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 16
SRI: $3.00 CDN

15. 40 Hadilh Aclivily BooI VoIumo 1
TransIalod by N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 4S
SRI: $4.00 CDN

16. Imam aI-Mahdi (may AIIah haslon his rolurn) Aclivily BooI
TransIalod by N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 32
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154

To ordor any of lhoso booIs, Ioaso vrilo lo lho Hoad Offico. AII ordors
musl bo accomaniod by a Choquo or InlornalionaI Monoy Ordor.

Discounls aro offorod for buII urchasos Ioaso conlacl our HEAD
OFFICE for sociaI ricos.

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Tafseer Sorah Jinn

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Tafseer Sorah Jinn

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lu the Naae o| A||ah, the Vost Giac|ous, the Vost Veic||u|

Wrillon by a Grou of MusIim SchoIars

Commonlary of SuraluI }inn

ho ominonl schoIar, yaluIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-

uraluI }inn vas rovoaIod in lho bIossod cily of MaIIah aI-

,`_ ' `` , _. ' ` ,, , `, , . ', `

,`_ ' ,``. , .,`._ ' `, , ..- ` `,,

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

uraluI }inn vas rovoaIod in MaIIah aflor SuraluI Araf and

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

_._ _:' ....:' '.'...s ., _: .:. '...,, '.>' _

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

....' _L.-. .> '..., ' .>.' ,>.. ` '.: _

....' _': _1_ '..i. _Ls ' '.LL. _

'..' '...L _' _: _1. _.`' _>:' _Ls ' '..,.: _

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

....' _': "_'> _ _.`' _:-_ _'>, _ _>:' >:'.s '..1> _

..' '.L '.: :...L _' _: -,_ ' '.>' _

missiIos slrong rolocling vailing (for

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Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

_ `,`,',_ `,,, _'

'..' ` _... .' ._' _., _ _`' ,' :'' , ., '..

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

'..' '. _>L..:' '. _: :: '..: _.'L ':.

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

'..' '. _.L..:' '. _L...1:' _..s L..' ......:'.s '>.

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

'' _L..1:' '..'.s ,.>: '...,L> _

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

.:.i..: s _ _-_ _s :: .., L._ '..,'.s '.-. _

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

-' ' _ ,``

_' .>...:' L: ..s 's.. _ ' '.>' _

...' '.: '. .,s ' :s._ ':': _.._ Ls '..,: _

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

_. '..' 's:' _., ` ..' ., '.>' _

any good nor (do I

_. _..' ` L' ,: ' ` '.. _

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

_. _..' _: _..>_ _ ' ...>' _: .>' _ .....: '.>:L __

for olornily lhoroin lo abido of hoII

`' '..-.L, _ ' .:.L.. _ -_ ' .:. _'.s .: '.. ,..>

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

_. _' _:' _.' ' _.s. ,' _-> .: _., '.' __

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

L.s -:' ..s L_ _Ls .,.s '.>' __

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

a guard bohind him from and

`' _ _.' _ _. ..'.s L._ _ _., ._._ _ .iL '.. __

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

,L-.: _' ... '-L.,' .L.. ., '>' '., ._.: _.>' _:

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

, ' `._ ``- '

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

Tafsir of SuraluI }inn

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