University of Pennsylvania

ScholarlyCommons
Master of Environmental Studies Capstone Projects 5-1-2010 Department of Earth and Environmental Science

Greening the Antarctic Leadership Venture: Preparing Leaders for a Sustainable Future
Kathleen Atkins
katkins@upenn.edu

This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/mes_capstones/23 For more information, please contact repository@pobox.upenn.edu.

GREENINGTHEWHARTONANTARCTICLEADERSHIPVENTURE
PreparingLeadersforaSustainableFuture
KathleenA.Atkins,M.E.S. May2010 PrimaryReader:Dr.EricOrts SecondaryReader:Dr.RobertGiegengack

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ThisprojectwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupportofboththeWharton LeadershipVentureOfficeandtheInitiativeforGlobalEnvironmentalLeadership. WithouttheVenturesthereisnoAntarctictrek.WithoutIGELtherearenostudents outsidetheMBAparticipatingintheleadershipventures.Withoutthetwotogether thereislesslikelihoodofsuchadedicatedquestioningandevaluationofthe fundamentalquestionsposedinthispaper.Withouttheautonomygrantedtomeby bothorganizations,Iwouldbelessofaleader,andthepaperlesssound.Withoutthe generousfundingofboth,IwouldnothavebeenabletotraveltoAntarcticatwice. IwouldliketothanktheVentureFellowsonthe20092010trekJudyWu,Mimi Shih,GarethKeane,andBertONeal,fortakingaleapoffaithandworkingwithme. SpecialthanksgotoBert,fororganizingleadershipprinciplesaroundtheTeamas Ecosystemconcept. TothemanyWhartonstudentsIvemetalongtheway:Eachofyouismore startlinglyinterestingthanthenext.Youhavebroadenedmyhorizons,andhavegiven megreathopeforthefuture.Specialthankstomy2008tentteam:TeamShockyou. ToEricOrtsandPrestonCline:FormakingthebestofmissingthatflightinSantiago, andeverydaysince.Maywecontinuetocrosspathsandmakethingshappenagainin thefuture. ToBobGiegengack,SallyWillig,andmyfriendsatVertical:Myguidestobeinga guide,astoryteller,anobserver,ateacher.AsIpreparedtogooutonthetrailin2009,I askedmyself:WhatwouldGiegsay?WhatwouldSallydo?WhatwouldGabrieldo?In

iii spirit,youassignedmealotofextrareadingandremindedmetorelaxtoembracethe thingsIcannotcontrolasopportunities. Tomyfriends:Forputtingupwithmygriping,handwringing,slideshows,and impromptulectures.Ithankyouforplayingdevilsadvocate,andoutrightarguingwith me.Withoutyourrigorouscrossexaminationsandencouragingwords,ImnotsureI wouldhavemadeitfromporchtoprojecttoislandtopaperwithsuchconfidenceand integrity. Tomyfamily:Foreverything,forever,thankyou.

iv

ABSTRACT
GreeningtheWhartonAntarcticVenture
PreparingLeadersforaSustainableFuture KathleenA.Atkins,M.E.S. Dr.EricOrts Dr.RobertGiegengack In2008,theWhartonLeadershipVentureProgramandtheInitiativeforGlobal EnvironmentalLeadershipcooperatedtobringanenvironmentalthemetotheAntarctic LeadershipVenture.Thisweeklongexperientialleadershipeducationtrektakesplace onKingGeorgeIsland.WhartonMBAscampout,trekkinginanecologicallyrich maritimeAntarcticenvironment,primarilyworkingonleadershipskillsandteam dynamics.Followingthefirstyearsexperiment,theauthorvolunteeredtoorganize environmentalcurriculumaheadofthe2009trek,asarepresentativeofIGELwithinthe VentureOffice.Thispaperdetailslessonslearnedfromboth2008and2009,and proposesstrategiesforkeepingtheAntarctictrekrichwithenvironmentaleducation opportunitiesmovingforward.ThepaperidentifiesothercandidateVenturesfor curriculumdevelopmentbothenvironmentallyandinthebroaderthemeof sustainability.TheauthorrecommendsthattheVentureOfficecontinuetoactively engagestudentsonenvironmentalissuesaheadoftheAntarcticVenture,andcontinue towelcometrailguestsasappropriate.TheauthorrecommendsthatIGELreevaluate

v andredefinetheroleoftheIGELFellow:tomakethemresponsibleforcurriculum supportaheadofthetrek,andperhapsforelementsonthetrailaswell.Theauthor identifiestheAtacama,Patagonia,Adirondacks,andMountKilimanjarotreksas Ventureswiththerightfoundationstoreevaluateforsustainablecurriculum development.TheauthorconsiderswhatthenextstepsforboththeAntarcticandother potentialsustainabilitythemedVenturesmightlooklike,andurgesthattheybetaken.

TABLEOFCONTENTS
TABLEOFCONTENTS...........................................................................................................1 LISTOFFIGURES..................................................................................................................2 LISTOFTABLES....................................................................................................................2 PREFACE..............................................................................................................................3 KINGGEORGEISLAND:SOUTHSHETLANDISLANDS,ANTARCTICA....................................4 THELEADERSHIPVENTURE.................................................................................................9 WHYGREENTHEVENTURE?.............................................................................................12 LEADERSHIPVENTURECURRICULUM:FUNDAMENTALS.................................................18 VENTURECURRICULUM:ENVIRONMENTALENHANCEMENT..........................................26 RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................................36 TheAntarcticVenture...................................................................................................36 BeyondAntarctica:BuildingCompetencies,BuildingRelationships............................42 ScalingUp:HoldingSteady...........................................................................................44 ScalingUp:NextSteps..................................................................................................47 CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................51 APPENDIXI:BIOGRAPHIES................................................................................................53 Wharton........................................................................................................................53 Vertical..........................................................................................................................56 APPENDIXII:2008ENVIRONMENTALOPPORTUNITIES ...................................................63 . PreExpedition ..............................................................................................................63 . OnKingGeorgeIsland ..................................................................................................63 . APPENDIXIII:2009ENVIRONMENTALOPPORTUNITIES ..................................................67 . PreExpedition ..............................................................................................................67 . OnKingGeorgeIsland ..................................................................................................68 . APPENDIXIV:ENVIRONMENTALCURRICULUMSUPPORTWEBSITE...............................72 EnvironmentalLeadershipHome.................................................................................72 TheOzoneHole.............................................................................................................74 Carbon&Climate..........................................................................................................78 Waste&Sustainability..................................................................................................83 APPENDIXV:WEBMETHODOLOGY:DESIGN,RESEARCH,&IMPLEMENTATION ............88 . Design:Parameters.......................................................................................................88 WebContentResearchMethods .................................................................................90 . Design:Implementation...............................................................................................93 APPENDIXVI.POSTVENTURESURVEY.............................................................................94 WORKSCITED..................................................................................................................102

LISTOFFIGURES
Figure1.Map.KingGeorgeIsland. Figure2.ViewofFrei(Chile)andBellinghausen(Russia)bases, attheedgeofMaxwellBay. Figure3.Map.FildesPeninsulaInfrastructureandVentureCampsites. Figure4.ElephantsealswallownearCamp3. Figure5.PassingthroughGreatWallStation(China). Figure6.StudentslistenasEricOrtsdiscussescorporateenvironmentalresponsibility. Figure7.Astudenthaulsgarbageandgearfromaremotecampsitebacktocivilization. Figure8.GabrielBeckerdiscussesthelifeanddeathofGentoo,Adelie,andChinstrap penguins.ArdleyIsland. Figure9.CamiloRadalectures. Figure10.TheTeamasEcosystem,theSevenDimensionsofLeadership, TheKolbExperientialLearningModel. Figure11.TheAntarcticLeadershipVenture:ANestedSystem. Figure12.TheTeamasEcosystem. Figure13.TheGlobalEcosystem.

LISTOFTABLES
Table1.WhartonLeadershipVentures,GraduatePrograms,20092010. Table2.EnvironmentalOpportunityMatrix,20082009. Table3.CaprasPrinciplesofEcology.

PREFACE
TheWhartonSchoolofBusinessCenterforLeadershipandChangeManagement runsoutdoorleadershipbuildingtreksforbothgraduateandundergraduatestudents. TheseLeadershipVentures 1 areoptionalcocurricularexperientiallearning opportunitiesdesignedtobringparticipantsintoremoteanddifficultenvironments wheretheycanlearnfromexperienceinconfrontingchallenges,solvingproblems,and leadingteams.[Useem,Klein,andCline2009]Theyoccurinlocationsfromthe AdirondacksallthewaytoAntarctica,andfeatureactivitiesasvariedasclimbing, kayaking,mountainbiking,andsailing. Overthelasttwoyears,WhartonsInitiativeforGlobalEnvironmentalLeadership (IGEL) 2 partneredwiththeVentureOfficetointroducethemesofenvironmental leadershipintotheAntarcticVenture.In2008,IGELawardedscholarshipstoassistthree graduatestudentsfromenvironmentaldisciplinesattheUniversityofPennsylvania (authorincluded)totravelwiththeMBAstoAntarctica.Dr.EricOrtsaccompaniedthe trekasaguestlectureronclimatechangeandsustainablebusiness. In2009,IGELagainassistedthreeenvironmentallyorientedgraduatestudentsto participate,andtheauthoraccompaniedtheVentureasatrailresource.Theauthoralso spearheadedaproactiveapproachtogreencurriculumpreparationanddeliveryahead ofthetrek.Together,theauthorandthefourVentureFellows 3 developedan

1 2

WhartonLeadershipVenturesWebSite:http://wlv.wharton.upenn.edu/ IGELWebSite:http://environment.wharton.upenn.edu/ 3 VentureFellowsarestudentleadersfromwithintheMBAprogram.TheFellowsassisttheVenture Officeinmattersoflogisticsaheadofalltrips,anddeliverthecoreleadershipcurriculumonthetrail.

4 ecoliteratetrailphilosophy,atrailbook,aresourcerichwebresource,andapretrek lecture. AftertwoyearsofexperimentingwiththegreenVentureconcept,whatarethe lessonslearned?Whatworkedandwhatdidnotwork?ShouldWhartonhavegone greeninAntarctica?Wasitdistractingfromthecoreleadershiplessons,or complementary?ShouldWhartonevenbeinAntarctica?Ifso,isitsfuturegreen?Would otherVenturesbenefitfromenvironmentalcurriculumenhancement?Thispaperfinds someanswerstothesequestions,butbeforesettingoutonanypath,itsbesttofind onesbearings.

KINGGEORGEISLAND:SOUTHSHETLANDISLANDS,ANTARCTICA
TheVenturetakesplaceonKingGeorgeIsland(KGI),onthenorthernmostpartofthe AntarcticPeninsula.OftenreferredtoasthecapitalofAntarctica,itisoneofthemost visitedplacesintheregion.The1295squaremileislandisdominatedbyglacialice across90%ofitssurface.MostoficefreeareaisconcentratedontheFildesPeninsula, onthesouthwestend.Tencountriesmaintainpermanentbasesontheisland,mostly concentratedonFildesneartheairstripandMaxwellBay.TheChileanmilitarymaintains theairstripatFreiBase,wherebothlargecargoplanesandcommercialflightsfrom AeroviasDAPflyinandoutasweatherpermits.

Figure1.KingGeorgeIsland. 4

Cruiseshipsbearingtouristsandscientistsalsofrequenttheisland.MaxwellBayisa convenientspottomovepeopleandgearonandoffboats,andtheChileanbaseis hometooneofAntarcticasfewpostoffices.PeoplelovetophotographtheRussian church,andwhateverpenguinswaddleadorablyacrosstheshore.AdmiraltyBay, however,isKGIsmostfamousfeaturefromatouristperspective.Aftertheroughtrip acrossDrakePassage,theecologicallyrich,aestheticallystunningbayisthefirstreal glimpseofAntarcticafortouristssailingfromArgentinaandChile 5 .

MapisacompositeofGoogleEarth(background)composedbytheauthor,andanothersourceasthe inset.[Fattori2008] 5 Inthe14seasonsspanning19892003,almost20,000touristsvisitedPolandsfamouslywelcomingbase onthebay,ArctowskiStation,viaZodiacfromcruiseships.[Naveen2003]

6 TheWhartonVentureapproachestheislandbyair,flyingoverFildestoturnaround overMaxwellBay.Passengersarestruckbyboththevolumeoficecoveringthemajority oftheisland,butalsobythedense,colorfulconcentrationofbuildingsonFildes.The presenceofroads,trucks,metaldrums,andblueplasticbarrelsisafarcryfromtheicy, windsweptsceneryoftheMarchofthePenguins.TheminiatureRussianOrthodox churchoverlookingtheairstriplendsanevenmoresurrealfeeltotheplace.

Figure2.ViewofFrei(Chile)andBellinghausen(Russia)bases,attheedgeofMaxwellBay. [Benavente2004]

TwomajorforcesdrivethisconcentrationofpeopleandthingsonKGI.Thefirstis geopolitical.ItistheeasiestplacetoearnavotingrightwithintheAntarcticTreaty System(ATS).Acountrymustoperateabaseyearroundtogainthisright.Many countriesareoperatingrobustresearchprograms,whileothersappeartobemainly takingweatherreadingsandkeepingthelightsonfortheirskeletoncrews 6 . Whywouldacountrywanttooperatesucharemotebaseatsuchgreatexpense, particularlyiftheyresimplyreportingthesameweatherasanothercountrysbuildinga

6

ThisassertionislargelybasedonconversationswithAnjaNordt,oneoftheGermanornithologiststhe Venturehasencounteredinboth2008and2009.Sheisworkingonanenvironmentalimpactstatement forthebasesonFildes,andseemsunsympathetictotheactivitiesofmanybases.Theclaimisfurther supportedinthepopularpress,ina2009articleinWired.[Marlowe2009]

7 fewkilometersaway?TheATSbindsmembercountriestoitstermshowconflictis resolved,environmentalprotectionmeasures,theagreementtonotextractany resourcesuntil2041.Inthatyear,fullmemberswillconvenetorenew,renegotiate,or abolishtheSystem.Countrieswithvotingrightshavedirectpoweroverwhether Antarcticaisopenedtoextraction(ofmetals,minerals,gas,oil),orremainsofflimitsfor anotherfiftyyears.Forsomecountries,theprospectofhavingasliceofthoseriches welljustifiesthecostofrunninganoperation,withorwithoutarobustscientific program. Thesecondreasonislogistical.Itisanidealstaginggroundforactivitieselsewhereon thecontinent.Scientists,tourists,climbers,polaraspirantsandgearalikemakethestop atKGI.Someboardshipstomoveforward,somestay,someflyonwardtoother locationsonthePeninsulaorthegreatercontinent,orstopinontheirwayback. 7 The onlyplacethatrivalsKGIforbustleintheaustralsummeristheRossSea,wherethe largeU.S.base(McMurdo)andNewZealandsScottbaseoperate.Notonlyarethe baseslarge,buttheirproximitytomajorpolarhistoriclandmarksattractstouristships.

Multipletouristconcernsrunfromtheisland.AeroviasDAP,theonlycommercialairlineservicingKGI, runstwodifferentlandbasedtripsontheisland.Onthesingledayturnaroundtrip,apersoncanflyto KGI,takeanescortedwalktoseeseals,penguinsandotherbirds,visittheChileanBase(Frei),andhop backonboardtheplaneandgobacktoChile.Onthetwodaytrip,guestsstayatthehostelintheChilean VillalasEstrellasandcoveralittlemoregroundaroundFildes[seehttp://www.aeroviasdap.cl/reyjorge en.html]. TheAntarcticaXXIcruisealsorunsinandoutofMaxwellBay.GuestsflyintoFrei,andaretransportedto thecruiseshipviaZodiacforexcursionsofvaryingnumbersofdaysbeforeeitherflyingbacktoChilefrom KGIorsailingbacktoUshuaia[seehttp://www.antarcticaxxi.com]. Privateexpeditions(forthePole,forMountVinson)runningoutofthePatriotHillsbasecampalso commonlystageinandoutofKGI.[Lamers,Stel,andAmelung2007] RobertSwansAntarctica2041hasalsosetuptheirEBaseontheislandin2008and2009,inMarch monthsafterWhartonhasleftitsshores.[SwanandReavill2009]

Figure3.Map.FildesPeninsulaInfrastructureandVentureCampsites 8 .

Onceawayfromthebustlingtowncenter,however,KingGeorgeIslandisabeautiful, fierceplaceofice,stone,moss,lichen,birds,seals,penguins,breathtakingviews,and silence.Intheaustralsummer,daylightislongandwildlifeisabundant.The temperaturehoversaroundfreezing,andweatherconditionsarebearableevenwhen itsblowing,snowing,andonthecolderside.Coastlinescanberockyorsandy,sheer

8

MapwascomposedbytheauthorinGoogleEarth,withKMLdatafromSCARKGIS[at http://www.kgis.scar.org].

9 cliffsorgentlebeaches,jumbledwithiceandboulders,orlow,greenbeachesofmoss oralgae.Penguinsareeverpresentatthewaterline,otherbirdsareoftenintheairor roostingnearby,sealswallowinpiles,moltingandpuffingandbattling.Itisinthis settingthattheVentureoccurs,wherelessonsaretaughtbythelandscapeitself.Over thecourseofaweek,studentsbackpack,snowshoe,haulsledges,summitpeaks,climba glacier,allwhilecampingoutinthelong,brightdaysofhighlatitudesummers.

Figure4.Southernelephantseals(Miroungaleonine) 9 wallownearCamp3.(Atkins,2010.)

THELEADERSHIPVENTURE
Splitintoteamsoffourtosixpeople,eachgroupisissuedtwotents,foodforthe week,campstovesandfuel,amap,aGPSunit,awalkietalkieandbatteries.Everyday isanewchallenge.Sometimesitssimplybreaking,moving,andreestablishingcamp. Sometimesthisisastraighthike,butsometimestherehappenstobeaglacierto

Speciesnamesthroughoutfrom[Rubin2008;DeLaPenaandRumboli1998]

10 summitinthemiddle.Sometimesitsaseeminglystraightforward,pointtopoint,GPS guidedhike,butnothingisassimpleasitseems.Afalsesummitcanappearandthe wayforwardbecomesunclear.Weathercanchangeonadime.Opportunitiesto disagree,argue,fail,gettoocold,gettoohungry,losecohesion,andotherwisegetinto troublepresentthemselvesregularly. ReflectingthemakeupoftheentireWhartonstudentbody,participantsonthetrek arefromincrediblyvariedbackgrounds.Thetreksin2008and2009werethelargest, withover40participantseachyear,dividedintoabout7or8tentteams.Asingletent teamcanincludecitizensofChina,India,Columbia,Russia,Korea,Poland,ortheUnited States.Eachstudentslevelofcomfortwiththeoutdoors,nativelanguage,andlevelof fitnessvaries.Withallofthesedifferences,theirchallengeistomakeitthrougheach dayinonepiece.Althoughitappearsthattheyaresimplytryingtofigureouthowtoget frompointAtopointB,itishowthatisaccomplished,withwhatdefinitionofsuccess, withwhatleveloffunorhardship,withwhatstyleofleadership,thatmakesorbreaksa teamsdailyexistence.Theymustworktogethertostaywarm,dry,fed,hydrated,and hopefully,happy.Itisuptotheteam,daytoday,hourtohour,tonavigateboththeir physicalandpsychologicalterrain. Structureisclearlyprovidedtofacilitatetheleadershiplearningexperience.Each day,eachteamelectsaLeaderoftheDay.Thatpersonisprimarilyresponsiblefor runningtheschedule,communicatingwiththeexpeditionstaff,andmakingkey decisions.Eachmorningtheteammustalsosecureaguidefromtheexpeditionstaff, whoseroleismainlytechnicalsupportandsafety.Guidesdonotinterferewithdecision

11 makingunlesstheparticipantsareabouttomakeatrulydangerousmistake,orwander intoaprotectedarea 10 .Theteamanditsleadermustfigureouthowtobestmarshal theirvarioustalentseffectively,howtomanageconflict,howtoconquerpassive aggression,howtobothassertandeasebackonopinions. Attheendofeachday,theteam,theirguide,andtheVentureFellowshaveanAAR orAfterActionReview 11 ,witheachgroup.AkeyfeatureofeveryLeadershipVenture, theAARallowsteamstoassesswhatwentrightandwhatwentwrongeachday.Itisa forumforconstructivecriticism,forcongratulation,forjokes,forconflictresolution,for whateverneedstobediscussed.TheAARistheVentureProgramswayof implementingtheKolbExperientialLearningModel.[KolbandKolb2006]Participants haveconcreteexperience(adayshardtrekkinginAntarctica),taketimetoobserveand reflectaftertheexperience(AAR),formabstractconcepts,thenapplynewknowledge andinsightinsituationsmovingforward(thenextday,week,year,lifetime). ThisiswhythestudentschoosetoparticipateinLeadershipVentures.Theyleavethe conveniencesofcivilizationbehind,committoanintenseoutdoorexperience,andwork ontheirleadershipandfollowershipskills.Theislanditself,thetasksathand,theirbasic dailyneeds,theirteammatesandtheVentureFellowsarealltoolstohelpmakeeach participantabetter,moreeffectiveleaderandteammemberintheirpersonaland professionallives.ThisistheraisondtrefortheVentures.Theexperientiallearning platformworkswellinanyrugged,outdoorenvironment,includingKingGeorgeIsland.
10

VerticaloperatesincompliancewithguidelinessetbytheInternationalAssociationofAntarcticTour Operators(IAATO),guidingtouristbehavioranywhereintheAntarctic,butparticularlywithrespectto ATSdesignatedprotectedareas.[IAATO2008] 11 TheAARisanevaluationmethodemployedbytheU.S.MarineCorps,whoalsorunanintense leadershipdevelopmentVenturewithWhartonatQuantico.[Useem2006]

12 FormanyofthesamereasonsthatKGIisanidealplatformforexperientialleadership learningice,stone,moss,lichen,birds,seals,penguins,breathtakingviews,silenceit isalsoanidealplatformforanEnvironmentalLeadershipVenture.

WHYGREENTHEVENTURE?
Antarcticaisunique.Antarcticaisasfarastepbackaswecantakefromtheworld withoutsteppingofftheglobe.Antarcticaisascloseaswecangettospacewithout goingtospace.Itsaplacewhereourfeetarebarelyonthemap,wherenocountrycan evenclaimsovereignty,butwhereouractionsnearandfarhavetangibleeffects.Itis aplacewherepersonalresponsibilityoftenservesastheonlyrealauthority.Itisthe bestplaceonEarthtotalkabouttheconnectednessofcorporatedecisionstotheworld beyonditswalls. OnKingGeorgeIsland,thisisparticularlyeasy.There,onecanwitnessanobvious collisionofAntarcticasecologicalricheswithhumanitysawkwardpresence.Arrivingon anisland,aplacethatinconceptshouldbesomepristine,wildplace,onlytoencounter thistrailerparklookingresearchbasewithpeopledrivingSUVsaroundisjarring.The basesrunonloudpetroldrivengenerators.Thetidinessoftrashheapsvarieswidely basetobase.Yetinsidethebuildings,someoneismonitoringozone,geocodingdata,or nursingwoundsfrombirdsdispleasedwithbeingcaptured,measured,andtagged.

13

Figure5.PassingthroughChinasGreatWallStation.(Atkins,2008.)

Evenawayfromtheairstrip,walkingalongabeautifulbeachwhereicebergscut fantasticshapesagainsttheskyandsea,itsagiventhatoceanbornplasticgarbagewill befoundnestledintheroundedstoneswheresealswallowandpenguinsplay.The connectionbetweenobjectsthatareproduced,marketed,andsoldintheglobal economyandtheAntarcticenvironmentsuniqueaestheticandscientificvalueisin plainsight. TheMBAswhochoosetogotoAntarcticaareastartlinglyinterestingcollectionof young,ambitiouspeoplefromeverycorneroftheworld.Tonotengagethemon environmentalissuesthatareasplainasdaywouldbeaninsulttotheirintelligenceand adisservicetotheireducationasfuturebusinessleaders.Whetherthestudentsare planningentrepreneurialefforts,orareheadingforcareersinmarketingorfinancial

14 analysis,everybusinessventureofconsequenceeitheralreadyhasasustainabilityplank intheirmission,orisplanningtorolloneout.Eachofthesestudents,whether
environmentallyactiveornot,shouldbeequippedtomeaningfullyengageinacorporate

sustainabilitystrategy,particularlyifthosestrategiesaretogobeyondgreenwashing. Onlyadecadeago,thevoicesofsustainabilityinmajorcorporationswerefew. PioneerslikeInterfaceGlobal 12 hadbarelystartedtotrulyaddressenvironmentaland socialconcernsintheirowncorporateecosystems.Afewclear,persistentvoiceslike PaulHawken,AmoryLovins,HunterLovins,andFritjofCaprawrotethephilosophical andpracticaltemplatesthatnowunderpintheeffortsofconsciouscorporationsasthey attempttofindasustainablefuture.[CapraandPauli1997;Hawken,Lovins,andLovins 1999] In2010,consumerscannotwalkdownanaisleinthegrocerystore,orclickontheTV, orwalkdownthestreetwithoutseeingaproductproclaimingitsenvironmentalvirtues. ClothgrocerybagssayIamnotplastic,creamcheesepackagesareProducedwith greenenergy,andproducewithorganiclabelsaresoldatWalmart.Thesophisticated consumerisslowlylearningtodiscernsubstantivefrommeaninglessclaimsongreen labels,andwecanonlyhopethatthebusinesspeoplebehindtheproductareimproving attrulydeliveringonthemeaningofthosemessages.Ourbusinesspeoplemustgrasp thatachievingthemeaningbehindthosemessageswillrequireaspecialsortof leadership,andtheVentureprogramisinauniquepositiontodeliverthismessage.

12

InterfaceGlobalWebSite:http://www.interfaceglobal.com/

15 Thepathtoabetterwayofoperatingisalongone,asRayAnderson,CEOof Interface,oftenpointsout.Althoughhehasbecomesomethingofanecocelebrity,he tendstostarthispresentationsbyconfessinghisstatusasanenvironmentalcriminal. [Anderson2009]Heknocksdownfalsehopesthatquick,magicsolutionsexist.A sustained,carefullytargetedplanmustbeimplementedtotackletheenvironmental impactsofanycorporation.Andersonhadhisawakeningin1994,buthiscompanywill notreachtheMissionZerogoal(zeroenvironmentalimpact)untilatleast2020. 13 ThemethodsInterfaceemploysarebasedonprinciplessetoutinNaturalCapitalism: radicalresourceproductivity,biomimicry,serviceandfloweconomies,investingin naturalcapital.Thecompanyselaborate,clear,selfexaminingplanincludesusingbio basedrawmaterials,practicingbiomimicry,reducingtheircarbonbalancetozero, engagingtheiremployeesinthemissionateverystep,drasticallyreducingenergy inputs,assessingthelifecycleofallproductsendtoend,closingtheloopontheirown waste,andconstantlymonitoringallpiecesoftheirsupplychain.Theycallthismethod theNaturalStep,whichhasbecomethebasisforothercorporationsonasimilarpath, likeNike.[NattrassandAltomare2002] NikesprojecteddatesforseriousimpactareevenfartheroutthanInterfaces optimistic2020. 14 ThebusinessstudentsinMBAprogramsnowaretheoneswhowill spearheadthesesustainabilityefforts.Theseleaderswillneedtosustainthatvisionover decadestoseeitthrough.Anacademicprogramthatisblindtoopportunitiesto encourageenvironmentalleadershipismissingtheboatonthe21stCentury.Ifitis
13 14

SeeInterfacesplanforsustainability:http://www.interfaceglobal.com/sustainability.aspx SeeNikesreportsonsustainablebusinessandinnovation:http://www.nikebiz.com/responsibility/

16 appropriatetoengagestudentsinleadershipexercisesinremoteoutdoorsettings,isit notalsoappropriatetoengagestudentsinmattersofenvironmentalleadershipin remote,outdoorsettings? Althoughchallengingtopresentthissortofnuancedmaterialoutinthebackcountry, Dr.Ortsdidsoin2008verymuchinthespiritofexperientiallearning.Thefirst presentationofthetopicwasalecturewithtimeforQ&Afollowingthediscussion.The settingwasahillsideatthefootofCollinsglacier,justabovetheUruguayancamp.Afew dayslater,duringavisittothebase,thesubjectwasbroachedagaininthecompanyof Antarcticresearchers,wheretheconversationhoppedfromclimatechangeandcarbon toozonetoglobalicebalancetocorporateenvironmentalresponsibility.In2009,the issuewasaddressedinbothalectureaheadofthetrek,andinasubstantialsetofweb basedresourcesthestudentswerefreetoexploreaheadofthetrip.

Figure6.StudentslistenasEricOrtsdiscussescorporateenvironmentalresponsibility. (Atkins,2008.)

17 WhetherornotVentureparticipantsgohomeandreadNaturalCapitalism,the necessityforcorporateenvironmentalresponsibilityiseasilylaidbareintheAntarctic backcountry.PhysicallyhaulinggarbageoveraglaciertoflyitbacktoSouthAmericais notaneverydayexperience.Livinginafragileecosystem,elbowtoelbow,withdifficult accesstowaterandnosanitationinfrastructureisamicrocosmicinstanceofthe challengesfacingagrowingglobalpopulation,thirstyforresources.AweeklongLeave NoTraceexpeditionisapowerfulcommunicatorofthesematters,withorwithoutextra readingsorlectures.Inboth2008andin2009,theauthorconsistentlyheard unprompted,offhandremarkslike,wowIdidntrealizeitwassohard/stressfultobe homeless,nothaveaccesstocleanwater,liveunderabridge,nothaveaccesstofresh food,havenowheretocleanup Tonotengagethesestudentsonenvironmental issueswhileinAntarcticawouldalsobea disservicetotheirboundlesscuriosity,andtheir capacitytoteacheachother.In2008andin2009, theauthormetstudentsonthetrekwith experiencesrangingfromtouringecyclingfacilities
Figure7.Astudenthaulsgarbage andgearfromaremotecampsite backtocivilization.(Atkins,2010)

inChinatoworkingwiththeClintonFoundationon developmentprojects.In2009inparticular,asa floatingtrailresource,theauthorwasconstantly engagedinconversationswiththeparticipants.

TopicsoverthecourseoftheweekincludedtheCopenhagenClimateConference,

18 climatechange,geologichistory,humanevolution,sedimentcores,icecores, ornithology,plastics,ecycling,worldwaterissues,biochar,biodynamicfarming,land preservationfinancingmechanisms,carbontrading,paymentforenvironmental services,ecologicalrestoration,ozone,theAntarcticTreatySystem,andAntarctic explorationstories. CertainlytheseLeaveNoTraceexpeditionscanoccuranywhere,andtheydo,butitis preciselyforAntarcticasexceptionalpositioninrelationtotheworldsoconceptually disconnected,butstilldirectlyimpactedbyhumanactivitythatanyonevisiting Antarctica,particularlyMBAstudentsmustengageinenvironmentalissues.Anditis preciselyforthisreasonthatIGELpartneredwiththeVentureOfficetointroduce themesofenvironmentalleadershiptothatparticulartrekoverallotherVentures.

LEADERSHIPVENTURECURRICULUM:FUNDAMENTALS
Onemightwonderhowlecturesandreadingscouldpossiblyfitintodemanding backcountrydays,butlecturesandcasestudiesstorytellinghavealwaysbeenan integralpartoftheLeadershipVentureexperience.Theprogramstartedwithastory andaplace,inastandardmanagementclasstaughtbyMichaelUseem,headofthe CenterforLeadershipandChangeManagementatWharton.Inthe1990s,Useemwas usingtheBattleofGettysburgasacasestudyforleadershipanddecisionmaking.Since PhiladelphiaisnotsofarfromGettysburg,hebroughtstudentstothebattlefielditself toconsiderthecase.Studentswalkedtheverygroundwherecircumstance,chance,risk,

19 leadershipstyles,anddecisionmakingcollidedandultimatelyturnedthetideofthe U.S.CivilWar,andthetrajectoryofanation. Afterleadingthisexcursionanumberoftimes,itoccurredtohimthatthis experientialcasestudyapproachtoleadershiplearningwouldtranslatebrilliantlyin otherlocations.InagiantfirstleapfromthePennsylvaniacountryside,Useemtargeted EverestBaseCamp,thenCotopaxivolcanoinEcuador,usingmountaineeringcasesashe andthestudentspittedthemselvesagainsttoughphysicalchallenges.[UseemandAtkins 2010]Overtheinterveningyears,theprogramhasblossomedandcontinuestoevolve. Themenuofopportunitiesforgraduatestudentsalonehasgrowntotentreks,five participatingoutfitters,asupportstaffuntoitselfinsideWharton,andbyallaccounts, theadmirationofallwhoareabletoparticipate.

Table1.WhartonLeadershipVentures,GraduatePrograms,20092010.
Venture
Adirondacks Atacama Antarctica Baja

Location
NY,USA ValledelaLuna,Chile KingGeorgeIsland SeaofCortez,Mexico

Outfitter
EarthTreks 15 Vertical 16 Vertical NationalOutdoor LeadershipSchool (NOLS) 17

Focus
IceClimbing DesertTrekking Trekking SeaKayaking

ChugachMountains

Alaska,USA

NationalOutdoor LeadershipSchool (NOLS)

Mountaineering

15 16

EarthTreksWebSite:http://www.earthtreksclimbing.com VerticalWebSite:http://www.vertical.cl/home/index.php?Lang=en 17 NationalOutdoorLeadershipSchoolWebSite:http://www.nols.edu/

20
Caribbean BritishVirginIslands SteveandDoris ColgatesOffshore SailingSchool 18 Cotopaxi Kilimanjaro Patagonia Quantico Quito,Ecuador Tanzania/Kenya PortWilliams,Chile Quantico,VA EarthTreks EarthTreks Vertical Mountaineering Mountaineering Trekking Sailing

UnitedStatesMarine MilitarySimulation Corps,Office CandidateSchool 19

Tablederivedfrom20092010brochure.[Useem,Klein,andCline2009]

Intermsofreadings,arecurrentsetofcasestudiesstandattheheartofthe leadershipcurriculumforallVentures:ThinkinglikeaGuide,TheParableofthe Sadhu,TheAbileneParadox,LifeandDeathDecisionsontheSavageMountain, andInPraiseofFollowers.[Useem2003,205;McCoy1997,54;Harvey1986,2;Jordan, Davidson,andUseem2002;Kelley1988,142]AndeachspecificVenture,particularlythe Antarctictrek,featuresadditionalreadingsthatresonatewiththatlocation,orwiththe peopleresponsibleforcurriculumfacilitationanddeliveryontheground.Antarcticais themaincharacterinsomeofthebestleadershipstoriestheworldhastooffer.Polar explorationtalesfeaturesoaringsuccess,horribletragedy,andallshadesofgrayin between.Studentsareencouragedaheadoftimetoreadupindependentlyonthe successstoriesofAmundsenandShackleton,whiletakingheedfromthetragedyof Scott.TheShackletoncasestudyfromHarvardBusinessSchool,Leadershipin Crisis,[Koehn,Helms,andMead2003]isthecenterpiecereadingfortheVenture,
18 19

SteveandDorisColgatesOffshoreSailingSchoolWebSite:http://www.offshoresailing.com/ UnitesStatesMarineCorps,OfficerCandidateSchoolWebSite: http://officer.marines.com/marine/making_marine_officers/officer_candidates_school

21 whosemarketingtaglinecomesdirectlyfromSirErnesthimself:Menwantedfor hazardousjourney.Smallwages.Bittercold.Longmonthsofdarkness.Constantdanger. Safereturndoubtful.Honorandrecognitioninthecaseofsuccess. OtherkeycasespresentedontheAntarctictrekdonotnecessarilyoriginatewith Useem.Infact,itwasntUseemwhobroughtWhartontoAntarcticainthefirstplace. ThatideacamefromaseriesofchancemeetingsfarfromPhiladelphia.Inabout2000, Dr.UseemfoundhimselfonthespeakingtrailinSouthAmerica,withstopsinSantiago andBuenosAires.Somewherealongtheline,someone,whohecantquiterecall,urged himtomeetRodrigoJordanworldclassmountaineer,businessman,engineer,and agentforsocialchangeinChile.Hesaid,sure,great,bringhimalongtotheconference. WhenJordanarrived,Useemwastednotimeputtinghimonthespot.Withoutany preparation,Rodrigotookthestage,presentedaleadershipanddecisionmakingcase basedonaparticularexperienceonK2,andcapturedtheroom. Aspecialrelationshipbetweenthetwowasborn.UseeminvitedJordantospeakat Whartononseveraloccasions,wheretheyhadtimetotouchbaseandtalkfurther. EventuallyJordansuggestedtoUseemthatheshouldrunaleadershipexpeditionin Patagonia,withhiscompany,Vertical,astheoutfitter.Thefirstofthesetookplacein about2002.Ononeoftheseexpeditions,withbothJordanandUseempresent,Jordan suggestedthattheypushonalittlefarther,andgotoAntarctica.[UseemandAtkins 2010] In2004,aWhartonLeadershipVentureoccurredonKingGeorgeIslandforthefirst time,withahandfulofintrepidbusinessstudents,andbothJordanandUseemin

22 attendance.WhenJordanaccompaniesthetrek,heandhisguides,theamazinglymulti talentedstaffofVertical,presentthesameK2casestudythatRodrigotrottedoutwhen hefirstmetUseem.Itsastoryofsuppressingthedriveforpersonalglory,andinstead leadingfrombehind.[Jordan,Davidson,andUseem2002] In2009,whenRodrigowasnotpresent,anothermountaineeringcasefromLhotse waspresented,whenachoicebetweentryingtosaveaterriblyinjuredclimber presenteditselfhighonthemountain,andwhattheChileanclimbingteamsdecision makingprocesswasinthefaceofthatmoraldilemma.Oneoftheguidesonthe Venturepresentedthecase:Dr.SebastinIrarrzaval.Hewasoneofthefewwho attemptedtorescueandtreatthe(fatally)woundedCzechclimber. VerticalisakeycomponentoftheAntarcticVenture.Withoutthem,thetrekwould benotonlylogisticallyoutofreach,butalsowithoutthenecessarysenseofplace, withoutthecertainconnectednesstoAntarcticaitself,withouttherightvoicestotell therightstories.RodrigoJordancaresdeeplyaboutenvironmentalandsocialjustice, andhaspersonalexperienceclimbinginitsinterior. 20 Andheisnottheonlyonewith suchpassionandpersonalconnection. Vertical,S.A.isbutoneofRodrigoJordansventuresinChile.Thetaglinefortheir LeadershipExpeditionarmisDevelopingautonomousandresponsibleindividuals.The philosophygoesforboththeirclientsandforthemselves.Asaccomplishedclimbers,key staffmembershavereachedthehighestpeaksoftheworld,includingEverest,K2,and

20

JordanandVerticalsKikoGuzmanwerebothpartofafourmanexpeditioninAntarcticain2002,when theytraversedtheEllsworthMountainsona250mile,unsupportedendeavor.SeeAppendixI.formore biographicalinformation.

23 Lhotse.AssocialactivistsinChile,theyhavereachedouttothepoorofSantiago. FundacinVertical 21 takeschildrenoutoftheirtoughurbancontextandintotheAndes, teachingthemmountaineering,leadership,andsocialskills,insmallcampsstaffedby theirimpressivearrayofmountaineers,skiguides,scientistsandeducators.Theyguide corporateandacademicclientsasidefromWhartoninsomevariationoftheLeadership Expedition.Morerecentlytheyhavefocusedonrespondingtotheneedsofpeoplein smalltownsdevastatedbythe2010Concepcinearthquake. InAntarctica,theybringtheirbest.Rodrigotriestogoeachyearifhecan.Kiko Guzman,extremelyaccomplishedinternationalclimberandmasterofexpedition logistics,isastandardleader.GabrielBecker,alsoanaccomplishedclimberandwell versednaturalistwithagentlebutfirmdemeanor,bringshismanyyearsofexperience workingintheAntarctictobear.GabriellecturesonpenguinecologyattheArdley Islandrookery,theonedesignatedAntarcticSpeciallyProtectedAreastudentsareable tovisit.[CommitteeonEnvironmentalProtection2009](SeeAppendixI.forbiosof Verticalstaff).

21

FundacinVerticalWebSite:http://www.fundacionvertical.cl/

24

Figure8.GabrielBeckerdiscussesthelifeanddeathofGentoo,Adelie,andChinstrappenguins (Pygoscelispapua,Pygoscelisadeliae,PygoscelisAntarctica).ArdleyIsland.(Atkins,2009.)

Morerecently,CamiloRada,climber,astronomer,andglaciologist,hasjoinedthe expeditionasaguide,butmoreimportantly,astherepresentativescientistonstaff specificallyavailabletodiscussclimatechange.In2008and2009,helecturedthe businessstudents,manyofwhomhavelittletonoearthsciencebackground,onbasic glacialprocesses.HisbackdropwasthedramaticnorthernedgeoftheCollinsglacier,as itshearsoffintotheDrakeSea.Birdswheeloverhead,thelayeredwalloficereflectsin tidalpools,penguinsandsealsdotthecoastline.Inthisenvironment,unclutteredby mediaechochambers,withoutcellphones,withoutfacebook,withoutanythingexcept

25 thesoundoftheseaandbirds,Camiloembodiesenvironmentalleadership.Bothyears, hehasfieldedpointedquestionsfromthesefuturebusinessleadersoftheworldon everythingfrominternationalpolicytoglobalicebalancetoMilankovitchCycleswith grace,clarity,andgoodhumor.

Figure9.CamiloRadalectures.Atkins,2010.

Clearly,evenwithouttheinvolvementofWhartondirectly,theVenturedoestendto inherentlyofferweightyenvironmentalelementsbecauseVerticaliswhoVerticalis,and theyareoperatingwheretheyareoperating. Asidefromperhapsthemostmercenaryofadventurers,whoseemtobefewandfar between(oratleastsobelowtheradartheauthorhasnotfoundevidenceofsuch

26 people),alltouristconcernsinAntarcticacontainelementsofenvironmentaleducation. Shipsfullofecocuriousretireesandbirderstryingtoaddodditiestotheirlifelistsvisit theicysoutheveryyear,exactlybecauseitiswhatitis.Lecturerscomestandardwith everyship,andeveryZodiactriptotheshoreiswrappedinsomeshroudofacademic interest:ecological,geological,orhistorical.Somearguethattheseshroudsrunfrom robustinreasontothininjustification,buteitherway,Antarctictouroperatorsdo environmentaleducation 22 .

VENTURECURRICULUM:ENVIRONMENTALENHANCEMENT
BecauseVerticalissuchanexceptionaloutfitter,itisarguablethatWhartonitself neednotbeinvolvedinprovidingenvironmentaleducationtostudentsontheAntarctic Venture.ButwhenWhartonandVerticalarebothactiveincreatingopportunitiesfor environmentalreflection,theexperienceissignificantlymuchmorerewardingfor participants.Inasurveyfollowingthe2009Venture,participantswereasked:Didyou thinktherewastoolittle,toomuch,orjustabouttherightamountofenvironmental enrichmentonthisleadershipventure?61.9%respondedthatitwasAboutright.No onechoseToomuchorWaytoomuch(seeAppendixVI.Question7).

22

VerticalincludeditispartowneroftheAntarcticaXXIcruiseoperator,runningecotourismcruisesin andoutofMaxwellBay.

27

Table2.EnvironmentalOpportunityMatrix,2008and2009.
12/23:Bulkpack 2008 2009 10/13:RodrigoJordan&Jon Bowermaster,lecture,Q&A 12/2:VentureFellows&theauthor, presentation 12/2:Presentationslidesmadeavailable onWebcaf 12/2:Curriculumsupportwebsite released 12/28:FernandoYezCeledn, Vertical,lecture,Q&A AlejoContreras,lecture,Q&A Germanresearchers,lecture,Q&A GabrielBecker,lecture,Q&A CamiloRada,lecture,Q&A Verticalguides,casual Theauthor,casual

PREEXPEDITION ONKINGGEORGEISLAND

RodrigoJordan,openingremarks AlejoContreras,rules,Q&A Germanresearchers,lecture,Q&A RodrigoJordan,lecture GabrielBecker,lecture,Q&A EricOrts,lecture,Q&A CamiloRada,lecture,Q&A SymposiumatUruguayanbase Verticalguides,casual EricOrts,casual

TheEnvironmentalOpportunityMatrixtableclearlyshowsevenataglancethatthe opportunitiesforstudentsbothbeforeandduringthetrekareampleandvaried.

28 (AppendicesII.andIII.providesummariesofeachelement.)In2008thereweremore elementsonthetrailthanpreparationaheadoftime,whilein2009,preVenture preparationmadeupforthelessbountifularrayofeventsontheground.In2009in particular,imagineiftherehadbeennolecture,nowebsite,noIGELFellowsas participants,andnoenvironmentalcurriculumsupportontheground(theauthor).Note alsothatavisittotheUruguayanresearchbaseonlypannedoutin2008.In2009,the basewasbetweenbatchesofscientists,soonlythesupportcrewwasinresidencewhen theVenturecampednearby. In2009,withouttheenrichmentelementsdeliveredbytheauthorandtheVenture Fellows,VerticalandtheFellowswouldhaveverysuccessfullydeliveredthecore leadershipcurriculum.VerticalwouldhavealsotreatedparticipantstothetriptoArdley Island,arrangedthevisittocampbytheGermans,Camilosexcellentlecture,andthe presenceofAntarcticlegend,AlejoContreras 23 .Theirhighquality,multitalentedguides wouldhavehandilyansweredallkindsofquestionsasusual,andensuredthat participantsfollowedIAATOguidelines. Butaftertwosolidyearsofenrichment,agroupofenthusiasticparticipants,andan exceptionalexpeditionpartnertoworkwith,tostopmarshalingWhartonsresources forenvironmentalenrichmentwouldbeastepbackwards.TheOpportunityMatrix wouldberiddledwithemptyrows,thestudentscuriosityunslaked,theopportunityto

23

CompletebiographicalinformationonAlejoishardtocomeby,butheisrumoredtobethebestfixer anexpeditioncanhopeforonthePeninsula.HesbeentotheSouthPole(includingatleastone unassistedskiing/sledgetrip)multipletimes,andhasclimbedMountVinsonmultipletimes(inthedouble digits).Heisawalkingwealthofknowledge,andisdedicatedtoeducatinganyonewhocrosseshispath aboutAntarcticasfiercebeauty,andtheindignitiesitincreasinglysuffersatourhands.

29 providepotentialsustainablebusinessleaderswithamoving,visceralunderstandingof thechallengesaheadleftbythewayside. WhenaskediftheenvironmentalaspectsoftheVentureinterferedwiththecore leadershipcurriculum,95.2%ofrespondingstudents(onthe2009Venture)repliedNo. Thiswasbydesign,andwastheresultofuniqueteamworkonthecurriculumwell aheadofthetrip. PrestonCline,AssociateDirectoroftheWhartonLeadershipVentures,expresseda longhelddesiretointroduceecoliteratephilosophyintotheprogram,asespousedby FritjofCapra.ThemostsignificantchallengeforCline,theauthor,andtheVenture Fellows 24 wasfindingawaytoconnectecoliteratesystemsthinkingintothe conversationontheground.ThedailyAARanalysisofteamdynamicsandleadership hadtosomehowconnecttothegroundbeneaththeirfeet.Todoso,theteamhadto findasimpleimage,asimplemetaphor. CaprasPrinciplesofEcologyareaboutasabstractastheycome,butaredeliberately flexibleasametaphor.Theywouldformthefundamentalphilosophicalstartingpoint.If wewantedtotalkaboutsustainability,weneededtochangethefundamental conversation.Why?Caprasaysitbest:
whatissustainedinasustainablecommunityisnoteconomicgrowthordevelopmentbut theentireweboflifeonwhichourlongtermsurvivaldepends.Inotherwords,asustainable communityisdesignedinsuchawaythatitswaysoflife,business,economy,physicalstructures, andtechnologiesdonotinterferewithnature'sinherentabilitytosustainlife.Thefirststepin

Theamazing,dedicated,tightlyknitVentureFellowsin2009wereJudyWu,MimiShih,Gareth Keane,andBertONeal.

24

30
thisendeavor,naturally,mustbetobecome"ecologicallyliterate,"i.e.,tounderstandthe principlesoforganizationthatecosystemshavedevelopedtosustaintheweboflife.Todoso, wemustlearntothinksystemicallyintermsofconnectedness,context,andprocesses.[Capra 2000,49]

TheseprinciplesformthebasisforecoliterateK12curriculuminCalifornia,aswellas theNaturalStep,usedbyStarbucks,Nike,andWhistlerMountaintoguidetheirsteps towardsmoresustainablebusinessmodels.Ecoliterateeducationalopportunitiesare alreadyembeddedintheVentureinanyVenture,forthatmatter:people,goals,and limitedphysicalresourcesandthelocationitself. WithCaprasPrincipleslocatedonKGI,intheVenturecontext(people,materials, goals,challenges,events,progress,leadership,groupdynamics),participantsand VentureFellowswouldfindmanyopportunitiestomakeconnectionsbetweenthedaily challengesteamsfaceonthegroundtomaintainasustainableexistence,andtherefore thechallengescommunitiesacrosstheworldfaceinachievingasustainableexistence. Everyseeminglimittotheconditionsofexistence(people,materials,events,challenges etc),isopportunityknocking:forleadership,creativity,discussion,makingconnections andgrowth.Aspreviouslydiscussed,theseassociationstendtoriseorganicallyfromthe experience,butcapturingthemformallyinsidetheAARswasanovelthought. Systemsorprocessthinking,intheecoliteracycontext,canbebrokendownintosix PrinciplesofEcology.

31

Table3.CaprasPrinciplesofEcology.
NETWORKSAllmembersofanecologicalcommunityare interconnectedinavastandintricatenetworkofrelationships,the weboflife.Theyderivetheiressentialpropertiesand,infact,their veryexistencefromtheserelationships. NESTEDSYSTEMSThroughoutnaturewefindmultileveledstructures ofsystemsnestingwithinsystems.Eachoftheseformsanintegrated wholewithinaboundarywhileatthesametimebeingapartofa largerwhole. CYCLESTheinteractionsamongthemembersofanecological communityinvolvetheexchangeofenergyandresourcesincontinual cycles.Thecyclesinanecosystemintersectwithlargercyclesinthe bioregionandintheplanetarybiosphere. FLOWSAllorganismsareopensystems,whichmeansthattheyneed tofeedonacontinualflowofenergyandresourcestostayalive.The constantflowofsolarenergysustainslifeanddrivesallecological cycles. DEVELOPMENTTheunfoldingoflife,manifestingasdevelopmentand learningattheindividuallevelandasevolutionatthespecieslevel, involvesinterplayofcreativityandmutualadaptationinwhich organismsandenvironmentcoevolve. DYNAMICBALANCEAllecologicalcyclesactasfeedbackloops,sothat theecologicalcommunityregulatesandorganizesitself,maintaininga stateofdynamicbalancecharacterizedbycontinualfluctuations.
CopieddirectlyfromtheCenterforEcoliteracyWebSite(http://www.ecoliteracy.org)

TheVentureTeamsareessentiallysimplecommunities(networks),partofalarger community(nestedsystem),internalissues(cycles),externalfactors(flows),growth opportunities(development)andbalance(dynamicbalance).

32 Ontheground,VentureFellows(VFs)couldreframeCaprasprinciplesintermsof energyandmaterialflows.Agoodleader,oragoodteammember,needstobeaware oftheebbsandflowsofmaterialsandenergywithinandthroughtheircommunity. Whenopportunitiesforgrowtharriveacrisis,akeydecision,thesettingofgoals,the changingofexpectationsteamsandleadersfindthechancetothinkquicklyand creatively,actandgrow.Throughouttheexperience,VentureTeamsandleadersneed tosustaintheirteam,andkeeptheirbalanceasbesttheycan.Thesamecanbesaidfor anysizedcommunity:team,town,country,world. Thefirsttwopiecessetthestage,andactasthegroundflooroftheconcept(Team& Context).Thenexttwoarewaystotalkaboutebbsandflowsofmaterialsandenergyin TeamandContext(Cycles,Flows),thefifthisthecruxoftheleadershipmatter(Change), andthesixthiswhatteams,businesspeople,localcommunities,cities,theworldshoots for:Balance. ButhowwouldtheVFscommunicatetheseideastotheMBAstudentswithout steeringintodeeplyabstractterritory?Howcouldweconnecttheseideastostudents whoselinguafrancaisconcrete,wheretheplatformisexperiential? VFBertONealcrackedthecase.Withthehelpofourgroupdiscussions,withthe sameacademiccourseworkunderhisbeltastheparticipants,andwithNOLS 25 training forthetrail,hefoundbothaverbalandvisualwaytoconnectecoliteracytotheonthe groundleadershiplearningexperience.HeconnectedCapraandhisNOLStrainingtoa specificclassintheMBAcurriculum(MGMT652)withafewsimplevisuals.

25

NationalOutdoorLeadershipSchool.

33

Figure10.TheTeamasEcosystem,theSevenDimensionsofLeadership,TheKolbExperiential LearningModel. 26

TheVFswouldintegratetheTeamasEcosystemmetaphorintotheAARs.Theywould tietheEcosystemtotheSevenDimensionsofLeadership(fromMGMT652)by discussinghowthosedimensionsaffectedtheteamecosystemeachday.TheseSeven DimensionsandtheEcosystemconceptslotintotheKolbmodelasabstractconcepts. ToconnecttheTeamasEcosystemtotheAntarctic(andbyextension,theglobal) environment,theauthoralsousedgraphicstocommunicatethemetaphoricleap.

Figure11.TheAntarcticLeadershipVenture:ANestedSystem. 27
26 27

GraphicsredrawnbyauthorbasedonoriginalpresentationbyBertONeal. Thisandallsubsequentcurriculumsupportgraphicscomposedbytheauthor,withfairuseoficons fromFAMFAMFAM,athttp://www.famfamfam.com

34 ThisistheVenturesnestedsystem.Theteamecosystemsbonds,strengthand resiliencearebuiltonrelationshipsandconnections.Thestrengthandflexibilityofthese connectionsgrowswiththeworkdonetomakethoserelationshipspositiveand productive.

Figure12.TheTeamasEcosystem.

Justastheteamisanecosystem,composedofindividualsandtheirrelationships, flows,andcycles,sotooisAntarcticapartoftheglobalecosystem,wherepolicy, science,pollution,andpeoplearetheconnections.ScienceemergesfromAntarctica andoftensetsagendasforunprecedentedglobalcooperation(asinthecaseofozone). Policydecisionsfarfromthecontinent,businessdecisionsfarfromthecontinent,and wastestreamscreatedfarfromthecontinent,areflowsintotheAntarcticecosystem. Scientistsandvisitorsarealsoinputsthatflowbackoutintotheworld,andcanbear witnesstotheeffectspolicyandpollutionhaveonAntarctica,andtheworld.

35

Figure13.TheGlobalEcosystem.

Thisistheessenceofthepresentationdeliveredtothestudentsaheadofthe Venture,andservedasanentreintothethreecasespresentedonthewebsitewith respecttoAntarcticenvironmentalissues:Ozone,Carbon&Climate,Waste& Sustainability. Eachcaseconsistsofashortessayintroducingthetopic,abriefdiscussionofeachin termsoftheSevenDimensions,andacollectionofcarefullycuratedoutboundlinksto furtherinformation.ThesiteisdocumentedindepthinAppendixIVandV. ThefundamentalconceptiscompellingandpotentiallyreusableinfutureVentures. TheTeamasEcosystemmetaphortranslatesintoanyoutdoorsetting,althoughthe surveyshowsthattheconceptcouldusesomerefinement. 28 TheSevenDimensionsare partoftheMBAcurriculumandhencefamiliartotheparticipants.Thepenguininthe nestedworldgraphiccouldbereplacedwithsomethingemblematicofanother Ventureslocation.Thesingleelementsintheworldecosystemcouldbereplacedwith othercontextspecificingredients.Thesesimpletoolscouldbeusedtoconnectteams
Only48%founditclear,and38%foundituseful.SeeAppendixVI.forcompletesurvey results.
28

36 climbingMountKilimanjarotoworldwaterissues,HIV,orresourcedrivenwarfarein Africa.Themetaphorisnotboundtosimplyenvironmentalissues,forsustainabilityis notjustabouttheenvironment,butalsoaboutthepeoplewholiveinit.

RECOMMENDATIONS TheAntarcticVenture
TheAntarcticVenture,aslongasitruns,willalwayshaveanenvironmentalcore. VerticalwillnotonlyalwaysupholditsbasicobligationsunderIAATO,itseemsthatthey willexceedtheseobligationswheneverpossible.IfVerticalweresomehowshortonthat abilityinagivenyear,thetrekwouldnothappen.Allstakeholders(IGEL,Ventures, Vertical)agree:IfthemainenvironmentalstarsofVerticalcannotbepresent,thetrekis off.Antarcticaisnottobetrifledwith. TheanswertothequestionshouldbothWhartonandVerticalprovide environmentalenrichmentisclearlyyes.Whartonshouldcommittopreparing studentsaheadofthetrekwithrespecttoenvironmentalissues.Whetheraspecial facultymembercomesalongornot,whetherIGELfundsFellowsornot,theopportunity toengagetheirstudentsonissuesofsustainabilityfromthatexceptionalplatform shouldnotbeoverlooked. Whatcouldthisenrichmentlooklikemovingforward,aftertwoyearsof experimentation?Sofar,newelementshaveincludedIGELFellows,aguestonthetrail, awebsite,andapreVenturelecturecombiningtraditionalleadershipand environmentalleadership.

37 Althougheachofthesenewpieceshasitsstrengths,somepiecescouldusealittle refinement.OnemustalsoconsiderthecarryingcapacityoftheLeadershipVenture Office(LVO)tofacilitatequalityenrichment.TheLVOmustcarefullywalktheline betweendeliveringthecoreleadershipcurriculumandmuddyingthelearning experience.Considerthefollowingpotentialresourceconfigurations: TheLeadershipVentureOfficeandVerticalonly. Theexistingwebsitecouldbeupdated(checkfordeadlinks,addsomenewones)to supportthetrek.TheCarbon&Climatesectionwouldneedseriousupdating(events sinceCopenhagen),orremoval.ButtheOzoneandWastecasecontentismorestatic. Or,ifthereisntinhousecompetencytohandlethatparticularsite,perhapsskipthe sitealtogetherbutprovidesomehardcopyarticles.Theauthordoesnotofficially recommendthisapproach,butifhandedoutwellaheadoftime,hardcopymight sufficeasaminimumeffort. TheTeamasEcosystemconceptcouldalsobefleshedoutandreused.Initspilot year,theconceptdidnotcomeacrosstooclearly,andhowmuchitwasusedonthe groundandtowhateffectisunknown.IftheLVOiscommittedtoanecoliterate perspective,itmaywellbeworthwritingaLVOauthoredcaseontheconcept,for inclusioninthetrailbookalongsidethecorearticlesonShackleton,theSadhuand company. TheLeadershipVentureOffice,Vertical,andIGEL. TheIGELFellowsconceptisagoodone,andisworthrefiningaswell.Studentsfrom severalschoolsoutsideofWhartonarerequiredtosubmitaresumeandletter,to

38 competeforfinanciallysupportedseatsontheVenture.In2008,agroupofstudents fromvariousquartersoftheEarth&EnvironmentalScience(EES)department accompaniedthetrekwithDr.Orts.In2009,oneFellowwasfromEES,onewasan Educationgraduatestudent,andanotherwasfromtheDesignSchool.Thecross pollinationconceptbeyondWhartonisagoodone,asthevariousSchoolsatPenntend tooperateindependently. However,itbecameclear,particularlyinthesecondyearwhentheauthorfreely mixedwiththeentireVenturegroup,howmanyoftheMBAstudentswerejustas deservingofagreenscholarshipasstudentsfromothergraduateprograms.Infuture years,ifIGELcontinuestoofferscholarships,thepoolofcandidatesshouldagain includeSchoolsoutsideofWharton,butshouldalsoincludetheMBAsthemselves. TheroleoftheIGELFellowisalsoindistinct.Inthefirstyear,itwasclearthatthe Fellowswereonthetrektobothbenefitfromtheleadershipexperience,andalsoto embodyenvironmentalleadershiponthetrail.Thethree(authorincluded)weregivena chancetotalkabouttheirworkattheUruguayanbase,andwereabletotalkabouta widerangeofenvironmentalissuescasuallyonthetrail. In2009,theroleswerenotquitesodefined,andthecandidateswerenotquiteso strong.Onestudentwasabletostimulatediscussion,andhadagreathandleon internationalenvironmentalpolicyvisvisbusiness.Anotherstudenthadonlyone semesterunderhisbeltinhisSchool,andwasnotyetwellexposedtoenvironmental issuesinhisdiscipline.Thethirdwascompletelyunabletoaddressenvironmental

39 issues.Theunevenqualityofthe2009FellowsbredresentmentintheMBApopulation, andreflectedpoorlyonIGEL. DiscussionsfollowingtheVenturebetweentheauthor,LVOandIGELhaveaddressed thisunfortunateturnofevents.Onepossiblepreventativemeasureischangingtheway thescholarshipsareannouncedandawarded.Offeranindeterminatenumberof scholarships,ratherthanfindingbodiestofillthreespecificslots.Ifonestrong candidateemerges,andothersappearlessabletocontribute,simplyawardalarger financialsupportpackagetoasinglecandidate,orsplititbetweentwogoodprospects. MaintainingahighbarofqualityamongIGELFellows,andopeningscholarship opportunitiestoMBAstudentswouldgoalongwaytoscuttleresentmentfromthe largergroupofparticipantstowardsthefinanciallyassistedIGELFellows. TheLVOandIGELmayalsoconsidertrulytransformingtheroleoftheIGELFellow intoarobustone,notunlikethatoftheauthorin2009.The(nonIGEL)VentureFellows aretrainedwellaheadoftheirVenture,workonthelogisticsoftheirVenture,andwork todelivercurriculumonthetrailwiththeVentureparticipantseverydayalmostevery momentofeveryday.Towatchtheseextraordinarystudentsinactionisalearning experienceinitself.Onthe2009trekinparticular,evenafterthelongday,afterthe AARswitheveryteamindividually,theFellowswerenotfinished.Theywereoften foundhashingovertheeventsofthedaytheconflicts,thepersonalities,thenuances ofeachcircumstancewithFernandoCelednofVertical,andstrategizingforthedayto come.

40 TheIGELFellows,becausetheyarecalledFellowsseemlessdeservingoftheterm whenlinedupwiththetraditionalVentureFellows.IftheIGELFellowsarenotrequired totakeresponsibilityforsomethinginparticular,theterminologyshouldchangeto somethingmorelikeIGELParticipants. Iftheroleweretrulyredefinedhowever,theterminologychangewouldnotbe necessary.AsingleFelloworgroupofFellowscouldbemaderesponsibleforaspectsof environmentalleadershipcurriculum.IGELwouldneedtoidentifytheirFellowswell aheadoftime.Theemailsolicitingapplicationswouldneedtogooutatthevery beginningoftheFalltermatPenn,sotheEnvironmentalLeadershipFellows,orELFs, wouldhaveenoughtimetointegratewiththeVentureFellowsandputtogetherquality resources.Theapplicationmightincludeproposalsforwhattheycouldcontributetothe endeavor. TheELFsshouldhavearolebothbeforeandduringtheVenture.Before,theywould worktogether(withtheVFs)toprepareapreVenturepresentationonvarious Antarcticspecificenvironmentalissues,andpreparematerialsfortheparticipantsin supportoftheseissues 29 .Theyalsomightberequiredtostepontheislandpreparedto formallypresentanenvironmentalleadershipcasetothestudentssometimeduringthe week.

29

Theauthorstronglyrecommendsstickingwiththewebbasedapproachforenvironmentalsupport materials.Noneofthereadingsorlecturesarecompulsoryfortheparticipants,sothetopicsand materialsshouldbepresentedinasattractive,interesting,andengagingapackageaspossible.Withsuch resourcesonline,thestudentscanengagewiththetopicsanywhere,anytime,andhavetheabilityto extensivelyexploreanyissuebyclickinglinksawayfromtheprimarywebsite.(SeeAppendixV.formore ontheauthorswebdesignapproach).

41 AfullyrealizedELFrolewouldgoalongwaytowardkeepingtheVenturegreenfrom theWhartonside,toenrichingtheexperiencefortheparticipants,withoutmuch additionalinvestmentfromanyofthestakeholders.AshiftinscheduleforIGEL,anda commitmentfromtheLVOtocontinuetopartneritsVFswithanELF(orELFs)isallthat istrulyrequired. Whataboutguests?CanELFsbeexpectedtorecruitandcoordinatecurriculumwith guestfaculty,oracorporateguest?Yesandno.Thedevelopmentofapotentialroster ofguestsiswelloutsidetheroleofaFellow.Thissortofactivityisbetterhandledby eitherIGELortheLVO.Thelistandrelationshipsmustbebasedonexistingconnections, anddevelopedovertime.Itsacompetencytobecultivatedataprofessionallevelfor thebenefitoftheorganizationasawhole,notjustforasingleVenture.ELFscould, however,helpintegratethatguestsmaterialsintoapreVenturelecture,orintoa supportwebsite.Iftheyarealreadypreparingtheseelements,flowingaguests materialsinwiththeirownisnotmuchmorework.ThisaspectoftheELFrolewould alsoensurethattheELFsdeveloparelationshipwiththeguest,anddeliveramessagein harmonywiththatpersonsgivenagenda.Perhapstheguestisanenergyexecutive,so theymightfocusmoreoncontenttosupportthoseissuesthanaboutmarinebiology. Whomighttheseguestlecturers,forbeforeoronthetrail,be? 30 In2008,IGELsent theirownrepresentative,Dr.EricOrts,tolectureonclimatechangeandsustainability onKingGeorgeIsland.In2009,IGELdidnotfindthatspecialcandidatefromthepoolof Pennsfaculty,and(togetherwiththeLVO)electedinsteadtosendtheauthorasan

30

The2009participantshadafewthoughtsonthematter.SeeAppendixVI.Question17.

42 environmentalguideandconsciousobserver.Inthefuture,anactive,targeted recruitmentprocessmayyieldmoreguests,fromeitherwithinthePenncommunityor fromoutsidethatcircle. 31 Withafocusedeffort,alistofenthusiasticprofessorsandcorporateconnections couldemerge.InsidePenn,IGELandtheLVOmightwanttohostasocialinformation session,withinterestedfaculty,afewVentureparticipantsfromthepreviousyear,and representativesofIGELandtheVentureOffice.Thismightattractthemoresocialtype ofprofessoranexperiencelikebackcountrytrekkingrequires,andmightdrumupalittle healthycompetition. Onthecorporateside,apromisingplacetostartmightbetheofficesofsustainability withinthepoolofIGELscorporateadvisors. 32 Particularlyinterestingonthecurrent rosterareGE,Interface,andInternationalPaperacompanyengagedinthefutureof globalenergyproduction,aleaderinsustainablebusinesspractices,andabusinessthat reliesonheavyforestresourceuseontheglobalscale.BoththeLVOandIGELmustalso haveahostofconnectionsotherwise,andMikeUseemsconnectionsshouldnotbe ignoredeither.

BeyondAntarctica:BuildingCompetencies,BuildingRelationships
WithintheboundsoftheAntarcticVenture,aredefinitionoftheELFrolemaywellbe allthatWhartonneeddotodevelopandmaintainanabundantarrayofenvironmental
31

ThefirstAntarcticVenturefeaturedaspecialguest,ArthurSulzberger,Jr.,publisheroftheNewYork Times.Althoughnotanenvironmentallecturer,MikeUseeminvitedhimalongtopresentacaseonthe paperinsuchasetting,andheleaptatthechance. 32 Asofspring2010,BASF,SuezEnvironmentNorthAmerica,XeroxCorporation,TheDowChemicalCo., GeneralElectric,Merck&Co.,Interface,Inc.,JohnMiddleton,Co.,InternationalPaper,GoldmanSachs.

43 enrichmentopportunities.ButifthegreeningeffortextendsbeyondKingGeorgeIsland, theLVOneedstothinkstrategically. Theeffortinvolvedtorecruitasingle,appropriate,qualityguestannuallyforthe AntarcticVentureseemsdisproportionatetotheresult.Thecultivationofthese relationships,bothwithinPennandoutsideofPenn,wouldrequireanactive,focused effort,sustainedovertime.Ifthefruitsofthoseeffortscouldbesharedwithtreksother thanAntarctica,theefforttoresultproportionlooksalittlemoreeven.Itsalsopossible thatiftheLVOorIGELwerespeakingwithsomeonewiththeintenttorecruithimorher forAntarctica,butitturnsoutthatheorshehasexperienceiceclimbing,oris passionateaboutthesocialissuessurroundingsustainability,thatpersonmightbetter matchupwithanotherVenture. TheLVOandIGELmustalsocontinuetohaveafeelforwhatsortofpersonwouldbe agoodtrailresource,andwhomightinsteadbeapreVenturelecturer.Venturesare notfortheweakofbody,norfortheweakofspirit.Livingoutsideinatentwith strangersisnotforeveryone.Theauthorcanspeakfromexperiencethatthepositionof guestonthetrailisalittleodd.Thatpersondoesnotfitneatlyintoalargergroupin thesocialecosystemontheground.Thetentteamshaveeachothertoliveandtrek with,andtheFellowsandguideshavetheirworkcutoutforthem.Theroleisneither thisnorthat,sotheguestmustcarveouttheirplaceintheVenturecarefully, productively,andjoyfully.Thetrekishardworkequallyasmuchasitisanenthralling, beautifulexperience.Onemustbefitandcapable,havearobustsenseofhumor, flexibility,andrequisitegravitas.

44 WhatotherassetsfromtheAntarcticVenturesgreenexperimentcouldbeleveraged inotherVenturecontexts?Thewebsite,whetherasisorreimagined,isanelement wellworthpropagating.Inthemostpracticalsense,thisallowsthetrailbooktoremain essentiallyidenticalacrossVentures,reducingoreliminatingthetimetoreauthorthe bookforeverytrek,everytime.Thewebsitecanbethemutableelement.Thisassumes competencyandinfrastructureinsidetheLVOthatdidnotexistin2009,butweb infrastructureupgradesarebeingmadethatmightmakethispossible.Ifapersoninside theLVOlearnstomakeonesiteinsupportofasingleVenture,thatpersoncanrepeat theexerciseagainandagainforotherswithoutthelearningcurveupfrontforeach subsequentVenture.Havingastudentmakeaoneoffsiteeverytimeisunnecessary effort.HavingatemplatedrivensitethatLVOstaff,VFs,andELFscandropcontentinto foreachVentureisnotawasteofeffort.Hopefullythisiswhatthechangesafootinthe LVOwillhelpaccomplish. IGELitselfisaninterestingelementwhenconsideredseparatelyfromtheentire endeavor.ItrepresentsastepbytheLVOtogrowthroughpartnershipswithother organizations.Perhapsasearch(insideandoutsideofPenn)forothergroupswillingto partnerinasimilarroleiswarranted.Forinstance,imagineahealthorganization participatinginanAIDSawarenessclimbupKilimanjaro.

ScalingUp:HoldingSteady
ItisimportanttostressthatLeadershipVenturesarejustthat:LeadershipVentures. ThemissionoftheLVOisnotenvironmental.SomeoftheVenturesoccurin

45 environmentallycompellinglocationsothersdonot.Ifenvironmentalcurriculum wouldbedisruptiveorotherwiseinappropriateinagivencontext,thereisnoreasonto introducethoseelementsjustforthesakeofdoingso.Whileitistruethattheoutdoors isanentirelyappropriatelocationtoengagemanagementstudentsinenvironmental issues,thecoremissionoftheLVOmustbesolid,andremainso,toprovideaplatform totalkabouttheenvironmentintermsofleadership.Itisthroughthislensthat environmentalenrichmentworksintheVenturecontext. IfIGELorotherinterestswithinWharton,orPennatlarge,wereinterestedin outdoorexperiencesspecificallyengineeredtobeaboutenvironmentalleadership,they existoutsideoftheLVO.Infact,theclosestcomparableprogramtotheWharton AntarcticVentureispreciselythat.RobertSwansAntarctica2041organizationranthe InspireAntarcticacruisetothePeninsulafrom20032008,andforthelasttwoyears, hasruntheEBaseonKingGeorgeIsland.TheEBaseisalittleshackthatrunsentirely onrenewableenergyforabouttwoweeksatatimeinMarch,rightnexttoRussias Bellinghausenbase.Fromthere,Swanandhiscolleaguesrunprearrangedinterviews withmediaorganizationsandclassroomsacrosstheworldviatheInternet.Theearlier InspireAntarcticacruisesincludedmanyofthesameelementsofaWhartonLeadership Venture,butwithouttheruggedexpeditionaryformat.EachyearSwanrecruiteda groupofacademics,corporateleaders,andstudentsfromacrosstheworldtoboarda shipandcruisetothePeninsula.Onboard,thegroupranlectures,discussions,and activitiessurroundingissuesofenvironmentalleadershipwithrespecttotheAntarctic

46 environment.Afewstops(includingKGI)wereincluded,forparticipantstoputtheir bootsontheground,togetclosetowildlife,tomailpostcards. Swansmissionis100%aboutenvironmentalleadership.Theoriginofhisleadership missionwastheenvironment,thenaturalworldheconfrontedonhismanyadventures. TheoriginofWhartonsoutdoorenvironmentalengagementisleadership,makingfor aninterestingmirrorimage.Swantooiscontemplatingwhatsustainableleadership meansnow,whatitcouldmeaninthefuture,whatgoalsneedaccomplishingtomake theglobalenvironmentahealthyplaceforhumansandalltheyareconnectedto movingforward. IfWhartonandVerticalwereunabletodotheAntarcticVentureforone,orformany years,theLVOmightdirectinterestedstudentstoparticipateinwhateverAntarctic environmentalleadershipactivitySwanisworkingonthatpoint. 33 OneofthekeyaccomplishmentsofbothInspireAntarcticaandtheWhartonprogram hasbeenbringingyoung,diversepeopletoAntarctica.TheonlywaystovisitAntarctica areasaresearcher,asabaseemployee,asamemberofthemilitaryrunningcertain bases,asanecotourist,orasanadventuretourist.Accordingtoa2005IAATOreport, from19952005,approximately65%ofthenationalitiesofthetouristsvisiting AntarcticacomefromtheUnitedStates,Germany,theUnitedKingdomand Australia.[IAATO2005] Thesepeoplehavetime,money,andarespecificallyinterested enoughinAntarcticatogowelloffthebeatentrack.ThepeoplethatWhartonandSwan havebroughttotheSouthwouldlikelyhaveneverendeduptherehadneither
33

Andforthevery,veryinterested,theUniversityofCanterburyinNewZealandoffersapostgraduate CertificateinAntarcticStudies,seehttp://www.anta.canterbury.ac.nz/courses/gcas.

47 organizationmadeitpossible.Strangehowtheonlytwotouristoperationsthatare neitherpurelyecotoursimnorextremeadventuredrivenhaveoccurredinoverlapping locationsinoverlappingtimeframes,andarebothleadershiporiented.Yeteachseems unawareoftheother,despitesharingsupportstaff(Alejo)and,clearly,spirit.Onecame withthesoulofanenvironmentalist,tryingtofindanewdefinitionofleadership.The otherarrivedwithacleargraspofleadership,butisnowseekingtoinclude environmentalleadershipinitsmission,perhapsevenbeyondthefrozenSouth.

ScalingUp:NextSteps
AsidefromAntarctica,whichofthegraduateVenturesmightdovetailnicelywith themesofsustainability? Toanswerthis,onemustfirstdelimitthescopeofthesepotentialthemesby reviewingthemeaningofsustainability.InterfacesCharacteristicsofthePrototypical Companyofthe21stCenturyareexcellentguidelines,verymuchinlinewithNatural CapitalismsconceptsandCaprasecoliterateperspective.Accordingtotheseguidelines, anysustainablymindedcompanyshouldbe: Stronglyserviceoriented Resourceefficient Wastingnothing Solarpowerdriven Cyclical(nolongertakemakewastelinearmodel) Stronglyconnectedtoconstituencies(community,customers,suppliers,one another) Communitiesarestrongerandbettereducation Customersprefertoworkwithusandsuppliersembraceourvision Aheadoftheregulatoryprocess Justgivingsocialequityitsappropriatepriority Expandingmarketshareattheexpenseofinefficientadapters

48 Growingwhileextractedthroughputisdecliningeventuallytoreachzero Thislistgreatlywidensthefieldofpossiblethemestomatchuptothegraduate Ventures,includingsocialresponsibility.Sustainabilityisjustnotlimitedtoresourceuse, pollution,andotheraspectsofthephysicalenvironment.Peopleliveinthe environment,interactwithcorporations,andthesecorporationsinteractwiththeir environment.Ifacompanyisseriousaboutsustainability,asocialresponsibilityplank mustbeincluded.AndiftheVentureOffice,Wharton,andPennarecommittedto sustainability,somusteachparttendtosocialresponsibility. ButforanyVenturetofeatureenrichmentinlinewithanyofthesecharacteristics,it mustmakesenseinitsparticularcontext:thevendor,thelocation,theactivities.A glanceatthemenuofVentureopportunitiesshowsfivevendorsthatpartnerwiththe Ventureofficeasoutfittersandguides.Vertical,fortheChilean/AntarcticVentures.The MarinesforQuantico.NOLSforBajaandAlaska.AsailingschoolintheCaribbean.Earth TreksforKilimanjaro,Cotopaxi,andtheAdirondacks. Vertical. ClearlytheVentureOfficeandVerticalseemtobegaininggoodfootingonhowto deliveronthecoreleadershipdevelopmentmissionoftheAntarctictrip,and demonstrateenvironmentalleadershipatthesametime.TheVentureOfficeshould considersustainabilityinitsbroadestsensewhenapplyingthisbalancedapproachon theirotherjointVentures,intheAtacamaDesertandPatagonia.Notethatthreeofthe Characteristics(initalics,addedbyauthor)payheedtopeople.Verticalhasastrong connectiontopeopleseekingsocialequitythroughoutChile,viaFundacinVertical. ExploringthepotentialtoworkwiththeFundacineitherbeforeorafterthetrekking

49 portionofaVentureiswellworththeeffort.TheAntarcticVentureisoneofthese possibilities,butsoaretheAtacamahighdesertandthePatagoniatreks. UnitedStatesMarineCorps(USMC). AttheoppositeendofthespectrumfromVertical,thereistheUSMCledVenture. ThisshorttripconsistsoftheMarinesputtingstudentsthroughthefirstthirtysixhours ofOfficerCandidateSchoolatQuantico.Ithappensoutdoors,butthelocationisVirginia bywayofhell.Thistripisnotacandidateforsustainablecurriculumenhancement. NationalOutdoorLeadershipSchool(NOLS). ThecurriculumofferedbyNOLSisstandard,extremelyrespected,andnotlikelyto change.NOLSdoeswhatitdoes,anddoesitwell.ItisaSchool,notanexpedition companywithavision,sotheirpedagogyisdistinct.AccordingtoPrestonCline,thereis littletonoprecedentofcooperativecurriculumdevelopmentwithNOLS,soforthetime being,BajaandAlaskashouldremainasis. EarthTreks. EarthTreks,ontheotherhand,isanindependentoperatorlikeVertical,staffedby anotherextremelyexperiencedgroupofmountaineers.ChrisWarner,amannot entirelyunlikeRodrigoJordan,foundedthecompany.Hehasaneyepoppingclimbing resume,isanentrepreneur,haspublishedabookonleadership, 34 andkeepsupan amplespeakingschedulebouncingbetweenuniversitiesandcorporations.EarthTreks haspartneredwithanonprofitwithamissiontohelpfundbreastcancerresearch,

34

Warner,ChrisandSchmincke,Don.HighAltitudeLeadership.NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc. 2009.

50 ClimbforLife,soitseemsasthoughmessagesarepotentiallymixableintheirthree locations. Ofalltheirlocations,theAdirondacksseemtheleastinterestingonthesurface,but fromanenvironmentalperspectiveithasafantasticstorytotell.Thislarge,forested area,rifewithlakesandstreams,wasthecanaryinthecoalmineforuncoveringand ultimatelycurbingacidrain.Thesulfurdioxideandnitricoxidereductionandtrading systemsimplementedbytheUSEPAinresponsetothiscrisis(andtheirdefinitiveand continuingsuccess)areoftencitedasmodelsforpotentialcarbontradingsystems. Enhancementcurriculumcouldeasilyrevolvearoundthistheme.IftheVenturewere inpartnershipwithIGEL(orothersimilarorganization),anELFcouldwriteacasestudy forthetrailbook,orpreparearobustwebresource.AnynumberofEarth& EnvironmentalSciencefacultymemberscouldlectureontheenvironmentalissues.This tripalsopresentsanopportunityforaPennfacultymemberorcorporatepartnerto lectureoncarbontradingorthemanypossiblefuturesofenergy.Thelocationisalso lesscostprohibitivetosupportscholarshipspotsandguestfaculty.Theiceclimbing challengewoulddemandaveryspecialsortofguest,butthissortofpersonmayvery wellexist.ThistripseemsthemostaccessibletoenhancementofalltheEarthTreks locations. Ontheotherendofthescale,MountKilimanjaroofferstheirgrandeststage. ParticularlybecauseitisthehighestpeakontheAfricancontinent,thepotentialis limitless.Majortopicsthatcometomindareresourcebasedwarfare,HIVAIDS,and water.IfEarthTreksisopentocooperativecurriculumdevelopmentandtoenhancing

51 themessageabitbeyondpureleadershipdevelopment,thisisthetrekwiththemost potentialforhighimpact.Becausetheproblemsfacinganentirecontinent,particularly Africa,aresovariedanddifficult,thesearchforguestfacultycouldrangemuchfarther thananyotherVenture. InsidePenn,thesearchneedgonofartherthanIGEL,whosemajorinitiativeisin worldwaterissues.ThissearchcouldalsoincludethemedicalcommunitytheSchool andtheHospital.TheVentureOfficemightstartwiththeBotswanaUPenn Partnership 35 ,aninitiativetoincreasethecountryscapacitytoaddresstheHIVAIDS epidemicbyimprovingmedicaleducationattheUniversityinBotswana.Although Botswanaisafewcountriestothesouth,thechallengesfacedbythatcountryarea windowintoacontinentwideepidemic.ThePartnershipitselfisanactofleadership.

CONCLUSION
IfshowingleadershipinsustainabilityisagoaloftheLeadershipVentureOffice,of Wharton,ofPenn,itshouldbeaddressedwhenevertheopportunityisavailableand appropriate.Thereisperhapsnomoreappropriateplace,nobetteropportunity,than theselongstretchesoftimespentoutdoorswithfutureinternationalbusinesspeople. WhetherintheNewYorkState,inAntarctica,orstandingontopofAfrica,eachof thelocationsdiscussedhasastorytotell.IfthecircumstancesoftheVenturethe physicalchallenge,theparticularoutfitter,theplaceitself,andtheamountoftime

35

UPennBotswanaPartnershipWebSite:http://www.upenn.edu/botswana/

52 allowforenhancedcurriculum,itshouldbeoffered.Todolesswouldbeirresponsible andtonedeaf. Howmuchorhowlittle,whocomes,whofunds,allthesedetailswillcertainlychange abitfromyeartoyear,butanimblegroupliketheVentureOfficeshouldbereadyand abletoaddanotherballtojuggle.Theprogramhasgrownfromafewtripshereand therewithDr.Useemin1999totengraduatetreksacrosstheglobeannually,andmany smallerundergraduatetreks.Nowadeptatrunningahighvolumeofexperiences,the Officeshouldafforditselfamomenttocultivatethedetails,andgrowinwardonthe existingtripsratherthancreatingmore. Withinthecurrentsetofexperiences,thefoundationsofthecoreleadership curriculumlookstrongthefruitofmanyyearsofeffort.Ifanecoliterate,sustainable philosophyistobewovenintoselectVentures,ittooshouldhavethebenefitofcareful tending.Greenshootsaregrowingaroundtheprogram,andcouldbecomeaninspiring, fascinatinggardenwiththepropertimeandattention.Theauthorurgesthatefforts continueinthisdirection,andwishesallstakeholdersthebestofluck.

53

APPENDIXI:BIOGRAPHIES
BelowarebiosofkeyplayersincurriculumcreationandsupportatbothWharton SchoolofBusinessandVertical,duringthe2008and2009Ventures.Thebiographical informationandphotographswerepulledtogether,usuallyindirectquotation,from foursources: TheWhartonSchoolofBusinesswebsite(forMichaelUseemandEricOrts) 36 TheLeadershipVenturesbrochure(forPrestonCline) TheVerticalwebsite(forallVerticalstaff) Directcommunication(withSebastianVarela)

Wharton
MichaelUseem MichaelUseemisWilliamandJacalynEganProfessorofManagement andDirectoroftheCenterforLeadershipandChangeManagement attheWhartonSchool,UniversityofPennsylvania. ProfessorUseemsuniversityteachingincludesMBAand executiveMBAcoursesonleadershipandchangemanagement,andheoffersprograms onleadership,teamwork,governance,anddecisionmakingformanagersintheU.S., Asia,Europe,andLatinAmerica.Healsoeditsthemonthlyelectronicbulletin,Wharton LeadershipDigest.HeholdsaB.S.fromtheUniversityofMichiganandaM.A.andPh.D. fromHarvardUniversity. ProfessorUseemhascompletedseveralstudiesofcorporateorganization, ownership,governance,restructuring,andleadership.Hehasdeliverednumerous programsonleadership,decisionmaking,governance,andchangewithcompaniesand organizationsintheprivate,public,andnonprofitsectorsintheUnitedStates,Asia, Europe,andLatinAmerica,includingAbbott,AmericanExpress,Cargill,CEOAcademy, Cisco,CocaCola,DuPont,EsteeLauder,FidelityInvestments,GoldmanSachs,Hewlett
36

http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/faculty/facultyprofiles.cfm

54 Packard,IBM,Lehman,Intel,MerrillLynch,MorganStanley,NewYorkTimes,Northrop Grumman,Petrobras,PewCharitableTrusts,Samsung,Sprint,3M,Toyota,Tyco, Verizon,UnitedNations,U.S.Government,andWorldEconomicForum AwardsincludetheHelenKardonMossAnvilAwardforTeachingExcellenceinthe GraduateDivision,1992;GraduateDivisionAwardforExcellenceinTeaching,199201, 2004;MillerSherrerdMBACoreTeachingAward,19932000,20032007;MBAfor ExecutivesProgramTeachingAward,2000,2001,20032007 Hehaswrittennumerousarticlesonleadershipanddecisionmaking,appearingin AdministrativeScienceQuarterly,CaliforniaManagementReview,ChicagoTribune,Fast Company,Fortune,FinancialTimes,HarvardBusinessReview,NewYorkTimes,Sloan ManagementReview,WashingtonPost,andWallStreetJournal;editor,Wharton LeadershipDigest Theauthorofmultiplebooks,hispublicationsincludeTheGoPoint:WhenItsTime toDecide,TheLeadershipMoment:NineTrueStoriesofTriumphandDisasterandTheir LessonsforUsAll,andInvestorCapitalism:HowMoneyManagersareChangingthe FaceofCorporateAmerica. EricOrts EricOrtsistheGuardsmarkProfessorattheWhartonSchoolofthe UniversityofPennsylvania.HeisaprofessorintheLegalStudiesand BusinessEthicsDepartmentwithajointappointmentinthe ManagementDepartment.HedirectstheInitiativeforGlobal EnvironmentalLeadership(IGEL)atPenn/Wharton.Heservesalsoasanacademicco directoroftheFINRAatWhartoncertificateprogramforsecuritiescomplianceand regulatoryprofessionals.Hisprimaryresearchandteachinginterestsarein environmentallawandpolicy,corporategovernance,andprofessionalethics.His scholarlyworkiswidelypublishedinacademicjournals(mostlylawreviews)andbooks. PriortojoiningWharton'sfacultyin1991,OrtspracticedlawatPaul,Weiss,Rifkind, Wharton&GarrisoninNewYorkCityandwasaChemicalBankfellowincorporate

55 socialresponsibilityatColumbiaLawSchool.HehastaughtattheUniversityof PennsylvaniaLawSchoolandvisitedattheUCLASchoolofLaw,UniversityofMichigan LawSchool,TsinghuaUniversity,SydneyLawSchool,andNYUSchoolofLaw.Hehas alsobeenvisitingFulbrightprofessorinthelawdepartmentoftheUniversityofLeuven, theEugeneP.BeardFacultyFellowatHarvardUniversitysCenterforEthicsandthe Professions,andafacultyfellowintheCenterforBusinessandGovernmentatthe KennedySchoolatHarvard. OrtsisagraduateofOberlinCollege(BA),theNewSchoolforSocialResearch(MA), theUniversityofMichigan(JD),andColumbiaUniversity(JSD).Heisamemberofthe barofNewYorkandtheDistrictofColumbia,anelectedmemberoftheAmericanLaw Institute,andbelongstoanumberofotherprofessionalandacademicassociations. AtWharton,heteachesundergraduateandMBAcoursesinenvironmental managementandpolicy,corporatelawandgovernance,introductiontolaw,and professionalethics.InadditiontotheFINRAatWhartonprogram,hehastaughtina numberofexecutiveeducationprograms,including,theDirectorsInstitute(in Philadelphia,London,andSanDiego),theInternationalForum(inPhiladelphia,Bruges, andKyoto),theInvestmentManagementConsultantsAssociation,andvariouscustom programsforcompanies. PrestonCline PrestonClineistheAssociateDirectoroftheWhartonLeadership Ventures.Prestonisresponsibleforthemanagementanddeliveryofthe WhartonLeadershipVenturesProgram.PriortoWhartonhespent8 yearsastheFounderandPresidentofAdventureManagement, providingoperationalriskmanagementservicestogovernmentsand organizationsthatworkinremoteenvironments.Prestonhasextensivewilderness experienceincluding4yearsleading60daywildernessexpeditions.HeholdsaB.S.from RutgersUniversityandaM.Ed.fromHarvardUniversity.Prestonistheauthorof AdventureManagementSystems:OrganizationalCrisisResponse.

56

Vertical
RodrigoJordan Bornin1959,RodrigoJordanFuchsstudiedatTheGrangeSchool inSantiago,graduatingasthebeststudentinhisclassin1976.He alsoreceivedtheGarciaOldiniCupasthebeststudentinphysics andmathematicsandtheprizeforthebeststudentinphysics. Duringhistimeinschool,hewascaptainoftheschoolrugbyteam andmemberoftheChileannationaljuniorrugbyteam. Heearnedbothanundergraduateandgraduatedegreeofcivilindustrialengineering atthePontificalCatholicUniversityofChile.Upongraduatingin1983,hereceivedthe "RobertoOvalleAguirre"Prizeforthebestengineeringthesis,whichisgivenbythe EngineersInstituteofChile.FollowingthecompletionofhisGraduatestudies,Jordan studiedatOxfordUniversity,England,from1987to1990toearnaPh.Din OrganizationalAdministration.Today,JordanisaparttimelecturerinInnovation ProcessesandManagementatPontificalCatholicUniversityofChileSchoolofBusiness andisalsoontheengineeringfacultyatUniversityAdolfoIbanez. DuringhisundergraduatedaysinChile,Jordanbeganmountaineeringthroughout SouthAmericaandtheUnitedStates.In1984,hewontheawardasthebestuniversity athlete,and,in1985,thebestmountainclimber,awardedbytheSportsJournalists CircleofChile.HecontinuedclimbingwhileatOxford,duringwhichtimehealsotooka specializedcourseasamountainclimbinginstructorattheBritishNationalSchoolof OutdoorsActivities.Hewonthe"IrvineTravelAward"in1987,givenbyOxford Universitytothebestexpeditionoftheyear,forthetriptotheMountKenyaandMount KilimanjaroinAfrica. Aftertwofailedexpeditions,in1992,JordanledasuccessfulChileanexpeditionto thesummitofMountEverest,thefirsteverfromLatinAmericatoreachthesummitand onlythesecondintheworldtodosobywayofthedifficultEastFace.In1996,Rodrigo ledaChileanteamtoasuccessfulascentofK2,theworldssecondtallestpeak.In2002,

57 heledafourpersonteaminanunsupported250mile(420kilometer)traverse,much ofitunexplored,oftheEllsworthMountainsinAntarctica.In2004,Jordanonceagain ledasuccessfulexpeditiontothesummitofMountEverest.In2006,heledavery successfulExpeditiontoMountLhotse,theworldsfourthhighestmountain,putting elevenclimbersandfoursherpasonthesummit.Alltheseexperienceshaveproducedin turnaseriesofbooksandTVdocumentaries. JordanservedasHonoraryVicepresidentoftheInternationalUnionofAlpine Associations(UIAA)andheisafullmemberoftheRoyalGeographicalSocietyofthe UnitedKingdom. Uponcompletinghisdoctorate,Jordanbegantotakeanactiveroleinimproving educationinChile.From1990to1994,hewasDirectoroftheDistanceEducationOffice ofthePontificalCatholicUniversityofChile(TELEDUC)andin1994,Jordanfounded VerticalS.A.,whichconductseducationandtrainingprogramsatoutdoorlocations.That sameyear,JordanwasappointedExecutiveSecretarytotheSportsandRecreation AdvisoryCouncilofthePresidentoftheRepublicofChile. Overthepasttwelveyears,JordanandVerticalhaveworkedactivelywithmany corporations,universitiesandothernonprofitorganizationstobringhisleadership messagetotheclassroom,lecturehall,andtothegreatoutdoorsinplacessuchas ChilesPatagoniaregionandAntarctica.HehaslecturedintheUSwithdiverse companiesandnotforprofitorganizationssuchasJ.P.MorganExecutiveGroup, OutwardBoundConferencesSeries,BabsonCollegeLeadershipseries,Wharton LeadershipConferencesSeries,UNCCMBAconferenceseries,andtheUnitedStates NavalAcademyamongothers.TheyhaverecentlydevelopedjointprogramswithNew YorkUniversitysLeonardN.SternSchoolofBusiness,theMITSloanSchoolofBusiness, UNCCharlotteBelkBusinessSchoolandWhartonSchoolofBusiness.Verticals corporateclientshaveincludedShell,Unilever,CocaColaExport,Pepsi,Exxon,Citibank, Procter&Gamble,BostonBank,J.P.Morgan,Pfizer,Merck,SantanderBank,andothers. In1995,Timemagazineidentifiedhimasoneoftheleadersofthe"newmillennium."In 1997,hewasselectedasanEndeavorEntrepreneur(U.S.A.)forgivingbacktothe

58 communityinameaningfulandcreativeway.Inaddition,Hewasappointedamember oftheselectioncommitteeforthe2000RolexAwardsfortheSpiritofEnterprise JordanistheauthorofEverest:TheChallengeofaDream,K2:TheUltimate ChallengeandAntarcticaPlanet.HeiscurrentlycoauthoringSummitsofChile..Hehas contributedarticlestoseveralmagazinesandnewspapersaswellasachapterin LeadingUp:How9Leadersreachedtheirsummits,abookeditedbyWhartonProfessor MichaelUseem,publishedbyRandomHousein2003.Hefrequentlyproduces televisiondocumentariesandprograms.In1996,heproducedandhosteda13part televisionseriesentitled"TheAdventureofChange"airedbyChileantelevision broadcastingnetworkCanal13,theTelevisionCorporationoftheCatholicUniversityof Chile,themostimportantprivatecommercialtelevisionstationinthecountry,wherehe servedasExecutiveDirectorfrom1998to2000.Thereheconductedanorganizational reengineeringprocessandcreatedtwonewcommunicationsmedia:Canal13Internet andCanal13Cable.OtherproductionworkincludesMundoEmprendedor (EntrepreneurWorld)forChileanbroadcastingnetworkCanal11.HisascentofK2was featuredin2001intheNationalGeographicTelevisionseriesQuestforK2andhis footageoftheAntarcticaexpeditionwaspartoftheNationalGeographicTelevision seriesAdventureChallengein2004. Dr.JordandirectsFundacinVertical,thenonforprofitarmofVerticaltoservethe underprivilegedstudentsofthepoorestschoolsinChileaswellaspromotingthe enjoyment,responsibleuseandconservationoftheenvironment.In2004hereceived thehighesthonorgivenbytheChileanMinistryofEducationTheOrderofGabriela MistralforhiscontributiontoChileaneducation. Duetohislonginvolvement(morethantwentyyears)withsocialdevelopmentand povertyissuesJordanwaschosentobethepresentchairmanoftheChileanNational FoundationfortheOvercomingofPoverty,themostimportantNGOdealingwith PovertyandSocialDevelopmenttodayinChile.TheFoundationrunsvariousprograms throughoutthecountryinvolvingmorethantwohundredprofessionalsandone thousandvolunteers.

59 RodrigoliveswithhiswifeandthreedaughtersinSantiagoatthefootofthe mountains. KikoGuzman KikoisanAgriculturalEngineerofthePontificalCatholic UniversityofChile.Forthelastsevenyearshehastakenpartin anumberofascentsinSouthAmerica.MemberoftheTeam CumbresAustrales,withwhomhehasundertakenjourneys andfirstascentsinPatagonia,IndonesiaandAlaska.Hiswinter climbofMountSanValentin,thehighestpeakofPatagonia,is noteworthy.In2002hetookpartoftheChileanAntarctic expedition,tobethefirstunsupportedcrossingoftheEllsworthMountains.InMay 2004hereachedsummitofMountEverestandin2005heclimbedthehighest mountainsofAlaska(Mt.McKinley)andIndonesia(CarstenszPyramid).In2006,he addedMt.Lhotse,theworlds4thhighestmountaintohislistofsummits.Currentlyhe istheOperationsManagerandaLectureratVerticalS.A. CamiloRada CamiloholdsadegreeinAstronomyandisinthefinalstagesof aMastersdegreeinGeophysicsfocusinginGlaciology, VolcanologyandRemotesensing.Hehasovertenyearsof experienceinaltitudemountaineering,technicalanddifficult climbingandlongtermexpeditions. HehasclimbedandparticipatedinexpeditionsinPatagonia, Antarctica,bothPatagonianIceFields,CordilleraBlanca(Peru), theChileanNorthandCentralAndes,EcuadorandArgentina,accumulatingmorethan 600effectiveclimbingdays.

60 CamilocompletedthefirstwinterascentsofMountSanValentnandSanLorenzo (highestsummitsinPatagonia),holdstherecordforfirstascentsofCerroLargoand MountsAnderson,GiovinettoandmanyothersinAntarctica.Inadditiontohardrock climbinginPuntaZanziandSaintExuperyspireintheFitzRoyarea. GabrielBecker Gabrielhasbeenmountaineeringandclimbingsincehewas13 yearsold,qualifyingasaChileanMountaineeringGuide (specialtestunderUIAA). Hehasparticipatedinnumerousexpeditionsinthe NorthernandCentralAndesandinPatagonia.Inaddition,he hasparticipatedinscientificandcommercialexpeditionstothe ChileanSouthPatagoniaIceFields,MontKilimanjaroAfrica, CampoBaseEverestandinAntarctica,wherehehasworkedforthepast5yearsas LogisticsManageronanExpeditionAirCruiseandAntarcticaXXI. HehasworkedforVerticalSA.anadventurelearningandconsultantcompanyfor9 years,andjoinedtheteamfulltimeasGeneralCoordinatorofProgramsandLogistics, inprogramsofeducationandsocialskillsdebelopwithmanynacionalandinternacional companiesanduniversities.(MIT,Wharton,Harvard,McColl,UNCC,Lan,ElMercurio, KimberlyClarke,etc.)Herecentlysummitedhisfirst8,000mpeakwithVerticals successfulascentofMountLhotse(8516mt),thefourthhighestmountainintheworld. Hehasbeenanaircraftpilotsince10yearsintrainingtobeacommercialpilotandhas beenaqualifiedWildernessFirstRespondersince2005. FernandoYezCeledn FernandoiscurrentlyfinishinghisAgriculturalEngineering degreeintheUniversityofChile.GrowingupinNewZealand theKiwioutdoorcultureinfluencedhimfromyoungage.Itwas

61 therewherehefirstseteyesonbeautifulmountainsandtruewilderness.Fernandohas beenworkinginVerticalsince2002,currentlyformingpartoftheseniorstaff.Besidesa naturallikingtowardsfarmingheisanavidmountaineer,climbingmostlyinthecentral andnorthernAndesofChile.TheNationalMountaineeringSchool(ENAM)trainedhim inRockClimbing,MountaineeringandIceClimbing.Mostrecently,heclimbedasan assistantguideMtAconcagua(althoughnotsummited),thehighestmountainoutside theHimalayas.HehasalsoworkedasatrekkingguideinChilesremotePatagonia. WhennotworkingforVertical,Fernandoismostprobablyoutsideinoneofthemany cragsnearSantiago,ashesalsopassionateforrockclimbing.Healsodedicateshisfree timetohorses,beinganexpertriderhesbeenknowntospendmoretimewithhis marethanhewouldliketoadmit.Heenjoysshowjumpingasmuchasfordingriversin hismanyexcursionsonhorsebackinChilesPatagonia. SebastianVarela SebastiangraduatedasaforestengineerfromtheUniversityof ChileandrecentlyfinishedhisMScinLandscapeandUrban EcologyattheCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestry atStateUniversityofNewYork.Hehasfocusedhisresearchon ecologyofcitiesanditscontributiontourbansustainable design. Currently,heworkswiththeCentrodeTransporteSustentable,partoftheEMBARQ network,theWorldResourcesInstitute'sarmdedicatedtocatalyzeenvironmentallyand financiallysustainabletransportsolutions,toimprovequalityoflifeincities.Healso cooperatesasconsultantforUniversidadAutonomadeMexico(UNAM)andUniversity ofFloridawithresearchprojectsquantifyingtheroleofurbannatureinproviding environmentalservicestocities. HehasexploredmuchoftheDarwinCordillerainTierradelFuego,includingmaking anumberoffirstascents.Sebastianhasalsorunanumberofleadershipprograms, includingPumalinforWhartonin2005,2006and2007,andintheSouthernIceFields

62 forMITin2005.In2006,SebastiansuccessfullysummitedMt.Lhotse,hisfirst8,000m peak.

63

APPENDIXII:2008ENVIRONMENTALOPPORTUNITIES PreExpedition
Thelatepublicationandreleaseofthebulkpackdecreaseditspotentialfor widespreadimpact.ForthefewabletopickupthebulkpackinPhiladelphiaon December23,andthefewwhowereabletoborrowitonthetripdowntoPunta Arenas,itmadeforgreatreadingonlongplaneridesandforsome,evenlonger layovers.Andalthoughparticipantswereencouragedtobringthebooktotheisland, fewactuallydidsoduetoitsweightandsize.

OnKingGeorgeIsland
RodrigoJordan,openingremarks Standingashortdistanceawayfromtheairport,butbeforethegrouplefttheroadto strikeoutforcamp,Jordanbroughtittoahalt.Heimpressedupontheparticipantsthe extremelyuniqueexperiencetheywereabouttohave,andtheweightofresponsibility thatcomeswithsuchaprivilege.MajorIAATOruleswerecovered,andsomestandards ofgeneraldecorumwerealsoreviewed. AlejoContreras,shorttalk,Q&A AtCampOne,Alejowasintroducedandunderlinedmuchofthegravitasputforthby Jordanearlierintheday.TherewasabriefQ&AonsomeofhisAntarcticexploits.

64 Germanresearchers,lecture,Q&A Threeresearchersvisitedcamptodiscusstheirwork.Ornithologywasthefirstorder ofbusinesswithagoodchatonskuas(bothSouthpolarandGreat,Catharacta maccormickiandCatharactaskua)andhowtheyaretracked,whiletheenvironmental impactofhumanactivity(mostlythebases,buttosomeextentshipbasedtourism)on FildesPeninsulawasthesecond.AQ&Afollowed.Theguestswereinvitedtodinnerby Verticalandstayedalittlelonger. RodrigoJordan,lecture AfterwalkingacrossasmallspitoflandtoArdleyIsland(AntarcticSpeciallyProtected AreaNumber150),Rodrigostoppedthegroupahundredmetersorsofromalowcliff wheregiantpetrels(Macronectesgiganteus)wereroosting,landingawkwardlyand occasionallylaunchingoffoftofly.Antarcticterns(Sternavittata)arealsoroostingon thegroundnearby,andthegroupiswithineyesightofthethousandsofpenguins standingonthehigh,algaegreencliffs.HemadeitabsolutelyclearwhattheIAATO rulesareforvisitingsuchplacesare,andsketchedoutabroadpictureoftheAntarctic TreatySystem.HeemphasizedhowIAATOhadformednotoutoflegalnecessitybutout ofaselfdrivensenseofresponsibilityonthepartofthetouroperators,andusedthisas afoiltoaddressgeneralissuesofpersonalresponsibilityandethics,environmentally andotherwise.

65 GabrielBecker,lecture,Q&A Gabrielbrieflydescribedthebreedingandchickrearingtimetablesandhabitsof Gentoopenguinsinparticular,butalsotouchedonChinstraps,Adelies,giantpetrelsand skuasastimepermitted. EricOrts,lecture,Q&A OverlookingtheUruguayanresearchbase,perchedonahillbetweentheedgeof CollinsglacierandMaxwellBay,Dr.Ortscoveredtheconnectionsbetweenclimate changeandsustainablebusinesspractices,frompolicyandfinancetoissuesofscientific dispute.DuringtheQ&A,avarietyofreadingswererecommended.PaulHawken seemedtocomeupmorethanafewtimes. CamiloRada,lecture,Q&A Camilogavethestudentsacrashcourseinglacialprocesses,standingonadramatic shorelinewheretheedgeofCollinsglaciermeetstheDrake.Hespokespecificallyabout theglacierstandingbehindhimandofwhatheandRodrigosawinGreenland.He focusedinontheGreenlandicesheetinparticular,coveringmeltwater,albedo,andthe mechanicsofhowsomethinglikeofthatsizecouldmeltoffentirely,andquickly. Followingthebasicearthsciencelecture,thestudentshadtimeforQ&A,andwere particularlykeenonhearingthebasicsciencebehindclimatechangeinanuncluttered environment. SymposiumatUruguayanbase Uponreturningtothecampabovethebase,thegroupwasinformedthateveryone waswelcometovisitthebase,alltogether.Aftersomecoffee,juiceandcakesokindly

66 sharedbytheUruguayans,Dr.Ortscalledthegrouptoorder.Afterexplainingtothe baseinhabitantswhattheVenturewas,andwhyhewasalongforthetrek,heinvited themtopleasesharewhatresearchwashappeningatthebase. AwomanrunningtheUruguayanozonemonitoringprojectspokeverybriefly.Two youngGermanglaciologistsspokeatlengthabouttheglaciertheVenturehadjust climbedandtraversed,andhadbeendrinkingfromfordays.Thestudentscuriosity rangedfromthesubstantivetothewhimsical:whethertheglacierwasmelting,how datawerecollected,sharedandanalyzed,andhowtheresearchersmovedaroundto differentsitesontheice.Camilojumpedinhereandtheretoclarifylittleissuesfrom timetotimeaswell. WithalittletimetosparefollowingtheglacierQ&A,theVentureparticipantswere welcomedtoshareintwominutesorlessanyoftheirenvironmentalworkor academicexperiences.ThethreeIGELFellowsweretappedspecificallytospeakabout theirareasofexpertise(greenhousegasemissionsfromthawingpermafrost;world waterissues;landconservationandmanagement),andavarietyofMBAstudents chimedinaswell.

67

APPENDIXIII:2009ENVIRONMENTALOPPORTUNITIES PreExpedition
RodrigoJordan&JonBowermaster,lecture,Q&A AlthoughnotexplicitlyinsidethetimeframeoftheVenture,itwarrantsanentry. AnythingJordandoesatWhartonactsaformofmarketingforVerticalrunVentures, andthispresentationwasquitespecificallyanopportunityforAntarcticenvironmental education. JordanandBowermasterkayakedalongtheAntarcticPeninsulaaswellasthecoast ofGreenlandasapartofBowermastersNationalGeographicproject,Oceans8.They lecturedjointlyonLeadershipandClimateChange,withJordantacklingmuchofthe leadershipangle,andBowermastersharingwhathesawkayakingthecoastallowlands oftheworld. 37 VentureFellows&theauthor,presentation VentureparticipantsmetatHuntsmaninearlyDecember.Aftersomeintroductions andalightpizzalunch,theVentureFellowspresentedkeylogisticaldetailsleadingupto theexpedition.BertONealthenspokeabouttheleadershipeducationaspectofthe trip,andintroducedtheconceptoftheTeamasEcosystem.Theauthorthenstretched thatconceptintotheNestedWorldpicture,andbrieflypresentedthethree environmentalissueshighlightedonthewebsite(Ozone,Carbon&Climate,Waste& Sustainability).TheURLofthecurriculumsupportwebsitewasemailedtothestudents

37

Oceans8ExpeditionsWebSite:http://www.jonbowermaster.com/oceans8/

68 laterthesameday.TheslidepresentationwasmadeavailableonWebcaf.WEMBA (WorkingExecutiveMBA)studentswereabletowatchtheeventviaalivewebstream. FernandoYezCeledn,Vertical,lecture,Q&A InPuntaArenas,Fernandogaveaslidepresentationandlectureonthewildlife commonlyencounteredonKingGeorgeIsland,andthevariousenvironmental conditionstobeexpectedintermsofterrainandweather.Inadditiontointroducing thesewhattoexpecttypesofinformation,heinformedthegroupofIAATOguidelines fortouristswithrespecttobehaviortowardswildlife,andLeaveNoTracetrekking.

OnKingGeorgeIsland
AlejoContreras,lecture,Q&A AlejowasgivenarousingintroductionbyKikoGuzman,whocitedsomeofhismost impressivestatisticslikenumberoftimestotheSouthPoleandonthesummitofMount Vinson.Alejothenlaunchedintoapassionatespeechemphasizingtheuniquenessof Antarctica,thespecialprivilegeofsleepingunderitsskies,therespectful,LeaveNo Tracebehaviorexpectedoftheexpedition,andtheconsequences(bothpracticaland cosmic)ofnotdoingso. ThestudentQ&Asessionwasparticularlylively.Hewasabletoholdforthontopics aswiderangingashowtonotloseyourmindwhileskiingtotheSouthPole,changesin technologyinhisdecadesoftenure,andtheterriblemessthatpeopleareleaving behind(particularlythebases).Theexpeditionwasfrequentlygracedwithhispresence

69 asanexpeditionsupportperson,butalsoasaguest.Hisson,Benjamin,wasalsoa fixtureontheexpeditionashisfathersrighthandman. Germanresearchers,lecture,Q&A Fourresearchers 38 visitedthefirstcamponthesecondday.Theyspokeabouttheir areasoffocus,ornithology(skuasandWilsonsstormpetrels,Oceanitesoceanicus)and theenvironmentalimpactofpeople(thebases)ontheecologyofFildesPeninsula.The studentsaskedmany,manyquestionsandpulledalotofgreatstoriesandinformation fromtheguests,whowereinvitedtostayfordinnerwiththeVerticalstaff.Following thehumblecampmealandagreatdealoflaughter,oneornithologistattemptedto captureaskuatoreattachaGPSdevicetoitsleg.Theattemptwasnotasuccess,butit wasatreattowatchanimpromptudemonstrationofhowscienceisdoneinthefield. GabrielBecker,lecture,Q&A Onaparticularlyblustery,dampday,thegroupwasferriedinsmallgroupsviaZodiac tovisitthepenguinrookeryonArdleyIslandinMaxwellBay(AntarcticSpecially ProtectedAreaNumber150).Gabrielbrieflydescribedthebreedingandchickrearing timetablesandhabitsofGentoopenguinsinparticular,butalsotouchedonChinstraps, Adelies,giantpetrelsandskuasastimeandweatherconditionspermitted. CamiloRada,lecture,Q&A Camilogavethestudentsacrashcourseinglacialprocesses,standingonadramatic shorelinewheretheedgeofCollinsglaciermeetstheDrake.Hespokespecificallyabout theglacierstandingbehindhimandhisworkinValdivia.Followingthebasicearth

38

AnjaNordt,ChristinaBraun,MatthiasKopp,JanEsefeld.

70 sciencelecture,thestudentswastednotimeaskingpointedquestionsaboutclimate change.Hisdescriptionsofthestateofaffairsstuckclosetofacts,fromMilankovitch cyclestoextinctioneventstocarbontoicecoring.Inaboutthreequartersofanhour, heclearlycommunicatedsimplefactswhilepaintingtheoutlinesofwhattheunresolved scienceis,andwhydebatepersists. Essentiallyhismessagewasthis:Yestheclimateischanging,italwaysis.Theworld climateiscurrentlyintheupswingofaMilankovitchcycle,andhasbeenforsome thousandsofyears.Buttheresbeenasharpspikeinthelasttwohundredyears,which iscorrelatedwiththisandthatdata,butwerenotentirelysurewhatthisallmeans becauseclimateiscomplex.Therearesomereallygoodguessesandmostofthemhave theworldlookingverydifferentinathousandyearsorso.Buttherealityis,theworldis warming.Whetheritsentirelyduetonaturalprocessesoralsoinfluencedbyouruseof fossilfuels,theconsequencesarenotgreat,andwillvarydependingonhowhighwe swingupinthiscycle.Atthehighestsummitsofthesewarmpeaks,theworlds biodiversitysuffers.Whenthereislessbiodiversity,thereislessabundancetodraw fromandthrivewithasaspecies. Theargumentpersistsoverwhethercarbonandtemperaturehavemorethana correlativerelationship,whetherthereiscausation.Butwhateverthecaseis,and whetheritsintheareaofcarbonormercuryorleadorgarbageorwhateverthe problemis,wemustworkoncleaner,healthiersolutionsforlivingintheworld,to preservethebiosphereinastatethatisconducivetohumanlife.SebastianVarelaalso

71 steppedintowardstheendofthisfruitfulQ&Atoputafinepointontheethicalissueat hand:responsibilitytofuturegenerations.

72

APPENDIXIV:ENVIRONMENTALCURRICULUMSUPPORTWEBSITE http://wlp.wharton.upenn.edu/antarctica/index.html EnvironmentalLeadershipHome

Thispageframesthethreecase studies.TheAntarctica/WorldNested Systemgraphicaccompaniesthe followingtext: Humanshaveaconflicted relationshipwiththesouthern continent.Ononehand,the internationalcommunitycooperatesonanunprecedentedscaletosimplysurvivein Antarctica,letalonetoaccomplishscientificresearch.HoweveritisalsoinAntarctica thatourfailurestofunctiontogetherasasustainablesocietyaremoststarklyoutlined. Inthissystem,scienceemergesfromtheAntarctic,whilepolicy,pollutantsand peoplecycleinfromtheworld.Whenourleadershipfunctionsatitshighestandbest level,theAntarcticsystemispositivelyimpacted.Whenitfailstocommunicateand effectivelynegotiate,thesystemisnegativelyimpacted. We'llhaveopportunitiestospeaktoresearchersonKGIabouttheirwork,andthe environmentalimpactofgloballeadershipbothpoliticalandcorporate.Considerthese successesandfailuresbeforeyougo: TheOzoneHole

73 WithintwoyearsofdiscoveringtheAntarcticozonehole,aninternationalagreement wasinkedtostartphasingouttheproductionanduseofozonedepletingchemicals worldwide.More... Carbon&Climate Theslowpaceofinternationalagreementongreenhousegasregulationcould threatentheAntarcticPeninsulamorethananywhereelseintheworld,andconsumes mostofourpoliticalleaders'attentionontheworldenvironmentalstage.More... Waste&Sustainability GarbageontheAntarcticshorelineisanincreasinglyfrequentsight,provingthat thereisnosuchplaceas"away"whenitcomestothrowingthingsout.Trash,itsmany sources,reasonsandcures,isnotparticularlyhighontheinternationalpoliticalagenda. Butitiscreepinghigherandhigherontheinternationalbusinessagenda.More...

74

TheOzoneHole
AModelforSuccess Pagetext: TherevelationoftheAntarctic ozoneholetotheworldin1985 spurredunprecedentedglobal cooperationtosolvean environmentalcrisisasaunit.Fora decade,theabilityofchlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)todestroyozoneandallowultraviolet (UV)radiationtopenetratetheatmosphereuncheckedhadbeenprovenbyscience. Internationaldecisionmakingstalleduntilthisdireproofofdangertohumanhealthand theenvironmentwasinhand. TheMontrealProtocolisawellconstructed,flexiblepieceofpolicy.Startingwith24 signatoriesin1987,itnowhasgrowntoincludeover190participatingnations.The problemwasnotattackedinonemotionofthepen,norwasitattackedatthesame speedforallnations.Themostdangerouschemicalsweretargetedforphaseoutfirst, andbydevelopednationsfirst.Additionalchemicalshavebeenaddedastheir propertieshavebeenprovenasozonedepleters.Contextsensitivedeadlinesfor developingnationsandthesharingofnewtechnologieswithdevelopingnationshave madetheProtocolparticularlysuccessfulinconstructingafeasible,fairsolution.

75 EstimatesshowthatwestillhaveafewmoreyearsoflargeholesovertheAntarctic, butthatinthenexttenyears,wewillseeitshrink,andultimatelydisappearwellbefore the21stCenturyisover. The7Dimensions Thesolvingoftheozonedepletionproblemclearlydemonstratesaspectsof Teamwork,OrganizationalAwareness,DecisionMaking,Communication,and Diplomacy.Inthelate70'sthroughtheearly'80s,thescienceflowingoutwardfromthe researchcommunitywasclearlycommunicatingtheproblem,butdecisionmaking laggedintheinternationalpoliticalcommunity.Naysayersclaimedthesciencewastoo unclear,thecosttoindustrytoohigh,thevaryingabilitiesofdifferentcountriesto respondtoodifficulttonegotiate. Butthencamethealarmcallin1985aclearpictureoftheholeinourprotection fromharmfulUVradiationthatfinallyforcedinternationalaction.Decisionswere maderapidlyastheworldpoliticalteamkickedintogearandfunctionedatahighlevel inthefaceofamajorcrisis.Thisincrediblediplomaticeffortcontinuestothisday.The MontrealProtocolisaliving,breathingpieceofpolicy,andamodelforsuccessin internationalclimatelegislation.

WorksCited,Annotated

"LaBaseCientficaAntrticaArtigas."InstitutoAntrticoUruguayo. <http://www.iau.gub.uy/baseartigas/baseartigas.htm>

76 ThehomepageoftheUruguayanbase,whereozonemonitoringtakesplaceon KingGeorgeIsland. Benedick,RichardE.,CutlerJ.Cleveland."LessonsfromtheMontrealProtocol." EnvironmentalInformationCoalition,NationalCouncilforScienceandthe Environment,EncyclopediaofEarth.May26,2007. <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Lessons_from_the_Montreal_Protocol> Asuccincthighlightingoflessonslearnedfromimplementingasuccessful internationalenvironmentaltreaty. CarnegieCouncilprogram,GlobalPolicyInnovations."ClimateChange:Lessonsfromthe MontrealProtocol."CarnegieCouncilProgram,GlobalPolicyInnovations.October 2007.<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2HAwuRyzxU> Thoughtsonapplyinglessonslearnedfromtheozoneproblemresolutiontothe climatechangedebate. "DiscoveringtheOzoneHole."TheWeatherChannel.July25,2008. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSZY8dihDXk> Asuccinctminuteandahalfvideoonthediscoveryoftheozonehole.Accordingto theWeatherChannel:"Scientistdiscoveredinthe1970sthatdandyhairdoscame ataprice.ThespraybeingusedtoholdupthatbighairwasgivingtheEarthalittle bitofabaldspot." "ExploringOzone."NASA.October19,2007. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUfVMogIdr8> Abrief,factualsummaryofthechemicalinteractionsthatcausetheozonelayerto deplete,andprojectionsforthefutureresolutionoftheproblem.Excellent animationsandnarration. "HealthandEnvironmentalEffectsofOzoneLayerDepletion."UnitedStates EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.

77 <http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/effects/index.html> AsuccinctsummaryfromtheEPA,withlinkstomoreextensiveinformation. "MONTREALPROTOCOLONSUBSTANCESTHATDEPLETETHEOZONELAYER2007:A SUCCESSINTHEMAKING."UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeOzone Secretariat.2007. <http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/MP_A_Success_in_the_makingE.pdf> Aslick,informativelongformatbrochureon20yearsofprogressinaddressing damagetotheozone. "MontrealProtocol,Backgrounder."UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency. <http://www.epa.gov/ozone/downloads/MP20_Backgrounder.pdf> Twoandahalfpagesummaryofthesuccessfulinternationalenvironmentaltreaty. "OzoneHoleWatch."NASA.<http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov> NASA'ssiteisawelldesigned,friendlygatewaytoanythingonemightwantto know,pastorpresent,textormultimedia.

78

Carbon&Climate
InternationalFumbling Pagetext: Muchliketheworldwideeffortto tackletheozonehole,anefforthasbeen intheworksfordecadestoregulate carbon,aprimeculpritinglobalclimate change.Andmuchliketheadvance warningonozone,scientificflagswere raisedasearlyasthe1970sthatmanmadegreenhousegases(GHGs)mightbehaving anadverseimpactonglobalclimate. Incontrasttotheozoneefforthowever,theworldstillwaitsforacoherentplanof action.Greenhousegasesoccurinbothnaturalandmanmadesettings.Theregulatory landscapethatmustbecreated(emissionstargetsvaryingbycountry,capandtrade schemes)ismuchmorecomplexthanthesimplebanningofozonedepletingchemicals, whicharemanmade. Complicatingmattersfurther,debatecontinuesinsomecornersastowhether carbonisadriverofclimatechange,orifitismerelyanaturalconsequenceofnaturally risingtemperatures. Totacklethisproblemeffectively,thewholeworldcommunityneedstobeatthe negotiatingtable.However,theUnitedStatesoneoftheworld'smostsignificant

79 emittersofmanmadecarbondioxidehasdeclinedtomakepromisesaboutcapping emissions.Andbecausetheyhavenotbeenwillingtocommit,otherheavyemitters likeChinahavealsobeenreluctanttocommittoconcretecaps.Untilnow. ThenextmajorclimatesummitisinDecember2009inCopenhagen.Theoriginalgoal wastosignanewProtocolwithallpartiesagreeingtoemissionscaps,butthatisnot goingtohappen.AlthoughPresidentObamaisattending,hewillonlyverballyofferan emissionstargetfortheU.S.ThismayormaynotbringChinaandIndiaclosertothe table.ObamaalsohasatoughroadtohaulintheU.S.Congresstomakesuchapromise meaningful. The7Dimensions Ataglance,iftheworldwereateam,itlooksentirelydysfunctionalwhenitcomesto actionongreenhousegases.AlmosteveryDimensionisinplayinitsmostnegative form.TheU.S.isnotusingitsInfluenceasaleaderinapositiveway.Itisnotexhibiting thekeyelementsofTeamwork,Diplomacy,OrganizationalAwareness,orEmotional Intelligence.Decisionsarenotbeingmade,Communicationisineffective. Atleastthishasbeenthecasesofar.Underthesurface,thepictureisfar,farmore nuanced.Thefirstinternationalclimateagreement,theKyotoProtocol,wasembraced insomecorners(Europe)andafailureinothers(everywhereelse).Sufficeittosaythat itdidnothingtoexactpromisesfromthetopGHGproducingcountriesintheworld.In themeantime,otherenvironmentalproblemslikecleanwater,pollutionanddisease, aregivenlessattention.Mostoftheworld'senergyiscollectivelyfocused,rationallyor not,oncarbondioxide.

80 AndnowtheU.S.seemswillingtocometothetableasKyoto'sexpirationdate approaches(2012). WilltheagreementbeabetterarrangementthanKyoto? WillthebigGHGemittingnationssignthenextagreement? Committoemissionscaps? Atwhatpointdoesitstopmakingsensetobetheoddmanout? AtwhatpointdoesNOTmakingadecisionbegintohurtthewhole

system? WorksCited,Annotated

Biello,David."ColdestContinentWarmingToo."ScientificAmerican.January23,2009. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=coldestcontinent warmingtoo090123> A60secondsummaryfortheshortattentionspan,inbothtranscript(withlinks) andmp3formats. "ChangesintheAir:WhatWillComeoftheCopenhagenClimateSummit?" Knowledge@Wharton.December9,2009. <http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/changesinairwhatwill come/id120724941?i=79118167> FromKnowledge@Wharton:"Morethan100worldleadersgatheredin CopenhagenonDecember7foratwoweeksummitmeetingwhoseambitiousaim istorenewtheKyotoprotocolonclimatechange.Theissuesbeingdiscussed includereducingemissionsofgreenhousegasesandsettingapriceforcarbon, amongothers.Whatarethelikelybusinessimplicationsoftheseissues?Whatnew challengesandopportunitieswilltheycreateduringthecomingmonths?

81 Knowledge@WhartondiscussedthesetopicswithWhartonlegalstudiesand businessethicsprofessorEricOrts;HowardKunreuther,Whartonprofessorof decisionsciencesandpublicpolicy;andErwannO.MichelKerjan,managing directoroftheWhartonRiskManagementandDecisionProcessesCenter.". "TheCopenhagenDiagnosis,ExecutiveSummary."ClimateChangeResearchCentre, UniversityofNewSouthWales. <http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/executive_summary.html> Agroupof26scientistsattempttofillthelonggapsbetweenUNIPCCreportswith summariesofvariouspapersonclimaterelatedstudieswiththiswebresource. "Copenhagensummit2009."BBCNews. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/sci_tech/2009/copenhagen/default.stm> TheBBC'sdedicatedcoverageleadingupto,covering,andfollowingupon,the CopenhagenSummit. "GlobalClimateChange:NASA'sEyesontheEarth."NASA.<http://climate.nasa.gov/> NASA'svisuallypleasing,interactivesitewithanykindofinformationimaginable. SectionsincludeKeyIndicators,Evidence,Causes,Effects,Uncertaintiesand Solutions. "IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange."UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme andWorldMeteorologicalOrganization. Atthecenterofalldebate. "Internationalclimatepolicytimeline."NaturePublishingGroup. <http://www.nature.com/climate/timeline/icp/index.html> Aninviting,expandingandcollapsingtimelinestartingin1979withtheUN environmentalconferenceinStockholm.

82 "KeepingUpwithCarbon."NASA.October13,2009. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgEZpX3n5mo> Animated,narratedlessononthecarboncycle. Marchese,John."AlGoreisaGreenhouseGasbag."PhiladelphiaMagazine,February 2007. Penn'sownoutspokenenvironmentalistsetsthedetailsstraight. McClintock,James,HughDucklow,andWilliamFraser."EcologicalResponsestoClimate ChangeontheAntarcticPeninsula."AmericanScientist,JulyAugust2008. Connectingtheabstractconceptstotheislandunderfoot. "MeltingIce,RisingSeas."NASA.October13,2009. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEuEqgdJXHg> NASA'sanimated,narratedtakeonsealevelriseextent,causesandeffects. "Q&A:TheCopenhagenclimatesummit."BBCNews.21December2009. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8278973.stm> AconciseQ&AtocatchuptothedebateaheadoftheSummit.

83

Waste&Sustainability
BusinesstotheRescue Itwon'ttaketoolongfor someonetorunacrossanold,sun bleachedplasticbottleontheshores ofKingGeorgeIsland.Evenas remoteasAntarcticaseemsfromthe civilizedworld,itisconnectedtoits mistakesandoversightsbytheairandsea.OnKingGeorgeIsland,wearealsorequired tomanageourdaytodaywasteandgarbage,whichcanmakeforsomeunique challenges.Simplypullingthisoffwithafewpeopleinonespotwillberevelatoryto howdifficultthiscanbetomanageonaglobalscale. Inthecaseofozone,theinputcamebyair.Inthecaseofcarbon,itcomesbyairand sea.Inthecaseofmaterialpollution,itcomesprimarilybysea.Whenanybuoyant plasticitemmakesitintoacurrentthatflowstothesea,thereisfloats,fraystobits,and persists.Andwith2billionmorepeopleonthewayby2050,wesimplyaren'tgoingto haveanywheretoputitallifthismodelremainsstatic. WiththecontinuedexpansionofthePacificGarbagePatch,increasingconsumer awareness,andtheriseofthesustainablebusinessmovement,leadersareemerging, andinnovationisoccurring.Andwithsomuchgeopoliticalattentionfocusedonclimate change,theonusofresponsibilityhasshiftedawayfromgovernmentregulation,and towardsinitiativeintheprivatesector.

84 Sohowdothesenewleadersproposetostoptheflowofmaterialwaste?By fundamentallyreimaginingthetraditionalproduction,deliveryandendoflineprocess intoaclosedloopsystem,muchlikeanecosystem. Sustainablebusinessesreevaluateeverystepoftheirprocess,notjusttheendof line,tobecomecleanerandmoreinnovativewhileremainingprofitable.Onemight thinkthatregulatoryincentives(carbon)orinternationalmandates(ozone)wouldbe necessarytomakethisgo,butinthiscase,businessandtheconsumeraredriving progress. Advanceshavebeenmadeinthevoluntarycollectingandrecyclingofitemsafteruse (fromcommonmunicipalrecyclingtooldcomputercollection),butthetruegoalofa sustainablebusinessistothoroughlyminimizeorcompletelyeliminateharmful, persistentmaterialsatallstagesofproduction.Oneofthemostsuccessful,transparent companiesworkingonattackingallanglesoftheirsustainabilityisNike.Theyfreely sharetheirDesignEthosonline.AlthoughNikestartedtheirmarchtosustainabilityin 1999,theyhavealongwaytogobeforereachingzeroimpact. Fornow,thewastestreamattheendoftheconsumergoodschainisenormously problematic,butthegoalofsustainabilityrepresentsanequallyenormousopportunity forbusinessleadership.Themerefactthatcorporationslargeandsmallarestepping intothisleadershipvoidwellaheadofpoliticalleadersisremarkableandhopeful. The7Dimensions Sustainablebusinessleadersdisplayall7Dimensionsintheirmostpositive expression.TheInfluenceofaprofitable,progressivebusinessmodelisimpossibleto

85 underestimate.Oneofthemostinfluentialleaders,RayAndersonofInterfaceGlobal,is probablymoreindemandasaspeakerthanacarpetmanufacturer.Themoreproofof concept,themoresustainablemodelsaresought. Teamwork,DiplomacyandDecisionMaking,EmotionalIntelligenceand OrganizationalAwarenessworktogetherbothinsideandoutsideacompanyasittakes ahardlookatitsconnectionstothenaturalworld.Suchfundamentalselfevaluation canbedaunting,butiftheteambuysintotheprocess,theexperiencecanbea transformativeteambuilder.Decisionsmustbemadecarefullytocraftastepbystep, piecebypiecewayforward.Forinstance,onecannotsimplythrowoutanentire manufacturingdivision,orsevertieswithpackagingvendorswholesale.Onemight insteadapproachavendoraboutwhethertheyoffermoresustainablematerials,andif not,encouragethemtodoso.Thisforwardmotioncoupledwiththereworkingof existingsolutionscanmakethewholesystemstrongerintheend. Communicationisalsoakeyelementtoasuccessfulcorporatesustainability initiative.Internally,goodcommunicationsetscleargoalsandinspiresconfidenceover uncertainty.Externally,consumersaredemandingtransparencyandtruthbehindgreen claims.Nocompanycanclaimtobe100%ecofriendly,butacompanycanbefactual aboutgoalsandaccomplishments. WorksCited,Annotated

"Capt.CharlesMooreontheseasofplastic."TED.February2009. <http://www.ted.com/talks/capt_charles_moore_on_the_seas_of_plastic.html> FromTED:"Capt.CharlesMooreoftheAlgalitaMarineResearchFoundationfirst

86 discoveredtheGreatPacificGarbagePatchanendlessfloatingwasteofplastic trash.Nowhe'sdrawingattentiontothegrowing,chokingproblemofplasticdebris inourseas.". "CradletoCradle."<http://www.mcdonough.com/cradle_to_cradle.htm> Fromthebook'sauthor,aquickintroductiontotheselfproclaimed"manifesto callingforthetransformationofhumanindustrythroughecologicallyintelligent design.". "FromSoupto...CorporateSocialResponsibility:Campbell'sEffortstoLeadtheWay." Knowledge@Wharton.November11,2009. <http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2378> AprofileofDaveStangis,Campbell'svicepresidentofcorporatesocial responsibility,andCampbell'seffortstoimplementsuccessfulCSRstrategies. "NikeBiz:NikeResponsibility."<http://www.nikebiz.com/responsibility/> Nike'scorporateresponsibilityreports,environmentalandotherwise. "Part4:IntegratingSustainabilityintoCorporateInnovation,BSRConference2009." BusinessforSocialResponsibility.October30,2009. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chvmFYbhuSE> Nike'sHannahJonesdiscussesNike'sjourneytowardsandlongrangeplanningfor systemicsustainablepractices.Afascinating,nuancedpeekintoCSR. "PlasticNotFantastic...intheOcean."ScientificAmerican.August21,2009. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=plasticnot fantasticintheocean090821> 60secondsummaryofwhyplasticintheoceanisbad,inbothwrittentranscript andmp3formats.

87 "PlasticsInOceansDecompose,ReleaseHazardousChemicals,SurprisingNewStudy Says."ScienceDaily.Aug.20,2009. <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090819234651.htm>. "RayAndersononthebusinesslogicofsustainability."TED.February2009. <http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/ray_anderson_on_the_business_logic_of_sus tainability.html> FromTED:"Athiscarpetcompany,RayAndersonhasincreasedsalesanddoubled profitswhileturningthetraditional"take/make/waste"industrialsystemonits head.Inagentle,understatedway,hesharesapowerfulvisionforsustainable commerce.". "SourceCode:NaturalCapitalismw/HunterLovins."SourceCode.January11,2007. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzNTRwxlRKg> Interviewwithacoauthorofthehugelyinfluentialbook,NaturalCapitalism.She discussesthemainstrategiesforthefutureaslaidoutinprint.

88

APPENDIXV:WEBMETHODOLOGY:DESIGN,RESEARCH,& IMPLEMENTATION http://wlp.wharton.upenn.edu/antarctica/index.html Design:Parameters

Adesign,howeverrudimentary,isneverarbitrarilyexecuted.Evenachoicetonotdo somethingisachoice.Therangeofdesignoptionsforawebsiteisdelimitedbythe conditionsunderwhichitcanbedeveloped.Theconditionsandchoicestogethershape thefinaldesignandfunctionalityofagivensite.Inthisinstance,thethreedriving factorsbehindthecurriculumsupportsitewereplatform,time,andcontents. Ontheplatformside,thefirstincarnationofthesitewasasaGoogleSite 39 .Googles WYSIWYG(whatyouseeiswhatyouget)editorlivesinthecloud(ontheinternet,not onaprivatelyoperatedserver),andithassomegreatadvantageslikebuiltinlayouts andpasswordprotection,toolslikenewsfeeds,slideshowwidgets,embeddable calendarsandaudioplayersallthis,andamplestoragespaceforanyuploadedfiles. However,aWhartonbrandedsiteshouldbehostedonaWhartonwebdomain,to providetheprojectsitewithalegitimateURL.WorkingfrominsideWhartonsweb infrastructuredoesprovidetheURL,butremovesthepotentialtouseanysortofbuilt infunctionalitythatrobust,cloudbasedfreewarelikeGoogleSitesoffers.Whartondoes haveawebcontentmanagementsystemwithsomeauthoringtoolsavailable,thequick turnaroundwerequired(instantaneous)forfullaccesstothattoolsetwaswelloutof scope.
39

http://sites.google.com

89 However,oncethedeterminationwasmadetogowithaWhartonURL,andtheright messagesgottotherightpeople,thespeedwithwhichtheITdepartmentprovidedme withanaccountandaccess,withalloftheotherurgentrequeststheyfieldinagiven week,wasremarkable. Ultimately,thesitestartedwithanemptyfolder,andaURL.Withthiscombinationof somethingandnothing,thesitewasdestinedtobeaselfcontained,simpleentity, constructedentirelyoutofHTML,CSS,andimages.Withnoserversidescripting available(whichmakesmostdynamic,funcontentpossible),noWYSIWYGeditor,no funtools,thetasklistwascorrespondinglysimpleandclear.First,sketchoutasimple organizationalschemeforthecontent.Second,findafreelyavailable,alreadycoded layoutasastartingpoint.Third,findsomefreeiconstoservemetaphoricpurposes.And ofcourse,makeitinteresting. Thesimplicityofthesiteinsomesensesplayedtotheprojectsadvantage.Withfew distractingchoicestomakelikewhichaudioplayertouseandhowtogetittopointto alltherightpodcastsandsoforth,Iwasfreetoaccomplishothertasks.Ontheother hand,withouttheadvantagesofaoneclicklayouteditor,muchofthattimewentback intofiddlingwithlayoutcodetomakeitwork. OncetheVentureFellowsembracedtheTeamasEcosystemconcept,mytasksfeel easilyintoplace.Isketchedoutthenestedworldconcept(withanalogpencilandpaper technology),chosewhichAntarcticenvironmentalcasestudiestofeature,andwenton ahuntforsupportingdesignandcontentelements.

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WebContentResearchMethods
Beforechoosingalayout,itsimportanttoknowwhatthatlayoutwillframe:the conceptualpurposeofthesite,thefunctionalpurposeofthesite,theorganizationof thecontent,thecontentitself,andtheusersdestinedtointeractwithit. TheprimarypurposeofthissitewastopresenttheAntarcticenvironmentalcase studiestotheVentureparticipants.Thecaseswouldconsistofashortessayintroducing thetopic,andacollectionofcarefullycuratedoutboundlinkstofurtherinformation. Thesecaseswouldsupportandfleshoutthenestedworldphilosophy.Thesiteshould bebothinformativeandengaging.Itsexistencewouldmakepossiblethetransformation oftheprintformatsupportelementfromanunwieldybulkpacktoalightweight journal. TheuserswerethirtynineMBAstudentsfromeverycorneroftheworld,andthree nonMBAMastersstudentswithequallydiversebackgrounds.Theseareeducated, websavvy,busypeople.Thechoicetoevenlookatthesitewastheirs.Ifastudentdid choosetolookatit,itshouldbeclearandengagingataglance.Forthemorethan casualuser,itshouldpresentsubstantial,authoritative,butnotoverlydetailed resources. Becausethecontentshouldsupporttheenvironmentalarmofthenestedworld philosophyincontext,itseparatednaturallyintothreeareas:theLeadershipVenture, EnvironmentalLeadership,andanAntarcticFAQ. TheVentureparticipants,likemostwebusers,areaccustomedtoencounteringa varietyofmediaformatsontheweb,andinamultitaskingworld,onemustpresent

91 multiplemethodsofengagementwithsuchusers.Somearehappytositandreadalong article,orglanceoverbulletpoints.Somewillscanheadingsandimagesandseeif theresanythingparticularlyinterestingthatjumpsoutatthem.Somesimplywantto watchavideo,somewanttodownloadpodcaststolistentoonthesubwayorinthe gym.Tosupportthesevariouspossiblemethodsofengagement,thesiteshouldfeature multiplemediatypespertopic:text,audio,andvideo. Thethreekeyentrypointstothewebweresearchtools:Google 40 ,iTunes 41 ,and YouTube 42 .WhenIwasfishingforsomethingparticular,Idsearchdiligentlywithina fewspecificsites,butoftenthebestsitesearcherwasGoogle(usingthesiteprefix) ratherthanasitesnativesearchengine. Aftergatheringalargepoolofresources,choosingwhichitemswouldmakethefinal cutwassimplifiedbyprovenance.Thesourceofeachitemhadtoholdsomecredibility, eitherasascientificorgovernmentalbody,asaprimarysource(e.x.,areputablefirst personoragencypresentationonvideo),orasanauthoritativenewsorganization.In theEnvironmentalLeadershipcategory,thisdecisionmakingmethodplusthevagaries ofwhatisactuallyavailablefreelyontheweb,producedafinalmediatypecountper topicasfollows:

40 41

http://www.google.com http://www.apple.com/itunes 42 http://www.youtube.com

92 Generalwebsite Fulllengtharticle Summarytext Video Audio Interactivetool Ozone 3 1 2 3 Carbon&Climate 2 2 3 2 2 1 Waste&Sustainability 1 2 1 4 1

TheLeadershipsectiondrawsfrommaterialspreparedoriginallybytheVenture Fellows,andafewoddsandendspickedupalongtheway.Becausethebulkofthe Leadershipcurriculumwastobesupportedbythetrailjournalandofcourse, experienceontheground,sotheonlinesectionhadnoneedtobemorethan contextualglue. ThematerialsintheAntarcticasectionfacedthesamescrutinyintermsofauthority, butwerechoseninalessconceptuallyorganizedway.Thosematerialsareessentially themostinterestingthingsIranacrossasIlookedforOzone,Carbon,andWaste materials. ThepostVenturesurvey(seeAppendixVI.,Questions10,11,12)indicatesthat studentsdidengagewiththewebsite,andtookadvantageofmultiplemediaformats.

93

Design:Implementation
Withapoolofresourcesandanorganizedconceptinhand,thesearchfora readymadelayoutwaspossible.TheGoFlexibletemplatebyGerhardErbes,foundat OpenSourceWebDesigns 43 ultimatelyfitthebill.Itisfree,platformneutral,and alterable.Itfeaturesatabbeddisplayacrossthetopacommon,easilyunderstood metaphorforhighlevelnavigation.Insideeachmajorgroupingisasidebarontheleft handside,toexposeandprovidenavigationtothesubtopics.GoFlexibleoffersthese characteristics,andalsofeaturestheabilitytocreateacolumnontherightsideofthe page,aperfectplacetohighlightoutboundlinkstoeachsetofresources. Oneachcasesstudypage,therightcolumncontainsoneitemofvisualinterest(an image)atthetop,leadingtoanarticle,video,oranimation.Eachboxbelowthevisual calloutcontainsasetofrelatedresourceswithacleartitle,anddirectivestoREAD, WATCHorLISTENtothelinkedresources.Intwocases,directconnectionstoKing GeorgeIslandwerenotonlypossible,butsupportedbyexistingwebcontent.This materialishighlightedwithapaleredcolorincontrasttowhite,blackandgrayused throughoutthesite. Somecustomworkwasdonetothecodetomakeitbreathealittlebetterwiththe cases,butitssoulisGoFlexible.Theiconsusedinthenestedworldconceptarefromthe freelyavailableSilkiconsetatFAMFAMFAM 44 ,butthefinalgraphicworkismine. Photosarecreditedonthesite.
43 44

http://www.oswd.org/ http://www.famfamfam.com

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APPENDIXVI.POSTVENTURESURVEY
TheauthorcomposedthefollowingsurveyusingSurveyMonkey.

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WORKSCITED
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